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Guo Q, Shen G, Lu G, Qian J, Que Q, Li J, Guo Y, Fan B. Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Olefins Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305271. [PMID: 38072676 PMCID: PMC10870019 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons to alkenes and alkanes using molecular hydrogen is one of the most fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. While methodologies involving transition metals as catalysts in homogeneous and heterogeneous processes have been well developed, metal-free catalytic hydrogenation offers an ideal approach for future chemistry. Herein, the common and inexpensive quaternary ammonium salts are first introduced as catalysts in the catalytic hydrogenation system for the transformations from alkynes or olefins into the corresponding olefins or alkanes. Interestingly, the hydrogenation process of alkynes can be controlled to selectively produce alkenes or alkanes under different conditions. Moreover, the possible mechanism is discussed in new insights into the catalytic behavior of quaternary ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Guoli Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Guangfu Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Jinyi Qian
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Qitao Que
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and ApplicationSchool of Chemistry & EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University2929 Yuehua roadKunming650500China
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Natesakhawat S, Popczun EJ, Baltrus JP, Wang K, Serna P, Liu S, Meyer R, Lekse JW. Investigation of AFeO 3 (A=Ba, Sr) Perovskites for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes under Chemical Looping Conditions. Chempluschem 2024:e202300596. [PMID: 38300225 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes to produce C2 -C3 olefins is a promising alternative to conventional steam cracking. Perovskite oxides are emerging as efficient catalysts for this process due to their unique properties such as high oxygen storage capacity (OSC), reversible redox behavior, and tunability. Here, we explore AFeO3 (A=Ba, Sr) bulk perovskites for the ODH of ethane and propane under chemical looping conditions (CL-ODH). The higher OSC and oxygen mobility of SrFeO3 perovskite contributed to its higher activity but lower olefin selectivity than its Ba counterpart. However, SrFeO3 perovskite is superior in terms of cyclic stability over multiple redox cycles. Transformations of the perovskite to reduced phases including brownmillerite A2 Fe2 O5 were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a cause of performance degradation, which was fully reversible upon air regeneration. A pre-desorption step was utilized to selectively tune the amount of lattice oxygen as a function of temperature and dwell time to enhance olefin selectivity while suppressing CO2 formation from the deep oxidation of propane. Overall, SrFeO3 exhibits promising potential for the CL-ODH of light alkanes, and optimization through surface and structural modifications may further engineer well-regulated lattice oxygen for maximizing olefin yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittichai Natesakhawat
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Popczun
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John P Baltrus
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, 08801, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - Pedro Serna
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, 08801, Annandale, NJ, USA
- Present address: Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sophie Liu
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, 08801, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - Randall Meyer
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, 08801, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lekse
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochran Mill Road, 15236, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Portillo A, Parra O, Aguayo AT, Ereña J, Bilbao J, Ateka A. Kinetic Model for the Direct Conversion of CO 2/CO into Light Olefins over an In 2O 3-ZrO 2/SAPO-34 Tandem Catalyst. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:1616-1624. [PMID: 38303907 PMCID: PMC10828986 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
An original kinetic model is proposed for the direct production of light olefins by hydrogenation of CO2/CO (COx) mixtures over an In2O3-ZrO2/SAPO-34 tandem catalyst, quantifying deactivation by coke. The reaction network comprises 12 individual reactions, and deactivation is quantified with expressions dependent on the concentration of methanol (as coke precursor) and H2O and H2 (as agents attenuating coke formation). The experimental results were obtained in a fixed-bed reactor under the following conditions: In2O3-ZrO2/SAPO-34 mass ratio, 0/1-1/0; 350-425 °C; 20-50 bar; H2/COx ratio, 1-3; CO2/COx ratio, 0-1; space time, 0-10 gIn2O3-ZrO2 h molC-1, 0-20 gSAPO-34 h molC-1; time, up to 500 h; H2O and CH3OH in the feed, up to 5% vol. The utility of the model for further scale-up studies is demonstrated by its application in optimizing the process variables (temperature, pressure, and CO2/COx ratio). The model predicts an olefin yield higher than 7% (selectivity above 60%), a COx conversion of 12% and a CO2 conversion of 16% at 415 °C and 50 bar, for a CO2/COx = 0.5 in the feed. Additionally, an analysis of the effect of In2O3-ZrO2 and SAPO-34 loading in the configuration of the tandem catalyst is conducted, yielding 17% olefins and complete conversion of CO2 under full water removal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Portillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Onintze Parra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Andres T. Aguayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Ainara Ateka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
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Houska J, Stocco L, Hofstetter TB, Gunten UV. Hydrogen Peroxide Formation during Ozonation of Olefins and Phenol: Mechanistic Insights from Oxygen Isotope Signatures. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18950-18959. [PMID: 37155568 PMCID: PMC10690717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of undesired byproducts from ozonation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as aldehydes and ketones is currently hampered by limited knowledge of their precursors and formation pathways. Here, the stable oxygen isotope composition of H2O2 formed simultaneously with these byproducts was studied to determine if it can reveal this missing information. A newly developed procedure, which quantitatively transforms H2O2 to O2 for subsequent 18O/16O ratio analysis, was used to determine the δ18O of H2O2 generated from ozonated model compounds (olefins and phenol, pH 3-8). A constant enrichment of 18O in H2O2 with a δ18O value of ∼59‰ implies that 16O-16O bonds are cleaved preferentially in the intermediate Criegee ozonide, which is commonly formed from olefins. H2O2 from the ozonation of acrylic acid and phenol at pH 7 resulted in lower 18O enrichment (δ18O = 47-49‰). For acrylic acid, enhancement of one of the two pathways followed by a carbonyl-H2O2 equilibrium was responsible for the smaller δ18O of H2O2. During phenol ozonation at pH 7, various competing reactions leading to H2O2 via an intermediate ozone adduct are hypothesized to cause lower δ18O in H2O2. These insights provide a first step toward supporting pH-dependent H2O2 precursor elucidation in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Houska
- Eawag
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School
of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Stocco
- Eawag
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School
of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas B. Hofstetter
- Eawag
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School
of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Environmental System Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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G M, Sharma D, Dandela R, Dhayalan V. Synthetic Strategies of N-Heterocyclic Olefin (NHOs) and Their Recent Application of Organocatalytic Reactions and Beyond. Chemistry 2023:e202302106. [PMID: 37605950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) derivatives have an electron-rich as well as highly polarized carabon-carbon (C=C) double bond because of the electron-donating nature of nitrogen and sulphur atoms. While NHOs have been developing as novel organocatalysts and ligands for transition-metal complexes in various organic compound syntheses, different research groups are currently interested in preparing imidazole and triazolium-based chiral NHO catalysts. Some of them have been used for enantioselective organic transformations, but were still elusive. N-heterocyclic olefins, the alkylidene derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), have shown promising results as effective promoters for numerous organic syntheses such as asymmetric catalysis, hydroborylation, hydrosilylation, reduction, CO2 sequestration, alkylation, cycloaddition, polymerization and the ring-opening reaction of aziridine and epoxides, esterification, C-F bond functionalization, amine coupling, trifluoromethyl thiolation, amination etc. NHOs catalysts with suitable structures can serve as a novel class of Lewis/Bronsted bases with strong basicity and high nucleophilicity properties.These facts strongly suggest their enormous chemical potential as sustainable catalysts for a wide variety of reactions in synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of NHOs and their properties are briefly reviewed in this article, along with a summary of the imidazole and triazole core of NHOs' most recent catalytic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
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Chaudhary PK, Arundhathi R, Kasture MW, Samanta C, Vankayala R, Thota C. Temperature-dependent synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from methanol over beta zeolite: a novel approach to a sustainable fuel. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230524. [PMID: 37621656 PMCID: PMC10445025 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline beta zeolite molecular sieve with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 28.5 was synthesized by the hydrothermal crystallization method and examined for methanol dehydration reaction. The micro-mesoporous beta zeolite was active between 280 and 450°C. Dimethyl ether (DME) was observed as the predominant product at all reaction temperatures, with a maximum selectivity of 47.9% at 300°C and a methanol turnover frequency (TOFMeOH) of 741.9 h-1. At increased reaction temperatures, beta zeolite showed enhanced strong acid site fraction, promoting higher hydrocarbon formation following the olefin-based cycle. It was revealed that the crystallinity, porosity and acidity of beta zeolite change in the reaction environment. Amorphous carbon deposition occurred on beta zeolite, which involved a loss in crystallinity to some extent. The temperature increase showed a pore-broadening phenomenon at elevated temperature regions. Regeneration cycle testing demonstrated beta zeolite activity maintained stable throughout a 280 h time-on-stream period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar Chaudhary
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Racha Arundhathi
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Mahesh W. Kasture
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Chanchal Samanta
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Rakesh Vankayala
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Thota
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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Wu Y, Kang J, Gao W, Bi M, Yang D, Ji R, Meng Q, Ma C. A DFT and kinetic study: Is it possible to prepare epoxides without catalysts using the in-situ generated peroxy radicals or peroxides by one-step method? J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37283494 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations and kinetic analysis have been employed to comprehensively explore the possibility to prepare epoxides by one-step method using the in-situ generated peroxy radicals or hydroperoxides as epoxidizing agents. Computational studies demonstrated that the selectivities for the reaction systems of O2 /R2/R1, O2 /CuH/R1, O2 /CuH/styrene, O2 /AcH/R1 were 68.2%, 69.6%, 100% and 93.3%, respectively. The in-situ generated peroxide radicals, such as HOO˙, CuOO˙ and AcOO˙, could react with R1 or styrene by attacking the CC double bond to form a CO bond and subsequently undergoing a cleavage of OO bond to yield epoxides. Peroxide radicals could abstract a hydrogen atom from methyl group on R1, forming unwanted by-products. It should be noted that the hydrogen atoms of HOO˙ is easy to be abstracted by CC double bond and simultaneously the oxygen atom is connected to the CH moiety to form an alkyl peroxy radical (Rad11), greatly limiting the selectivity. The comprehensive mechanistic studies provide a deep understanding on preparing epoxides by one-step method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajie Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingshu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongcheng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Runlai Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Cunfei Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Ren X, Ke Q, Zhou Y, Jiao J, Li G, Cao S, Wang X, Gao Q, Wang X. Access to Polysulfides through Photocatalyzed Dithiosulfonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202302199. [PMID: 37060217 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we outline a general method for photocatalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes, diene, alkynes, 1,3-enynes, and [1.1.1]propellane using dithiosulfonate reagents (ArSO2-SSR) with improved atom economy. Both "ArSO2-" and "-SSR" on the dithiosulfonate are transferred under mild conditions with broad substrate scope, high stereoselectivity, and complete regioselectivity. Significantly, the resulting dithiosulfonylated styrene is a general and practical nucleophilic disulfuration reagent, reacting with a variety of electrophiles efficiently. Both reactions can be conducted in gram scale, rendering the approach highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Ren
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qiumin Ke
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingchao Jiao
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Guoxin Li
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Si Cao
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xuyong Wang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xi Wang
- Hunan University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Room 112, Building NO1, Lushannan Road, Yuelu district, 410082, Changsha, CHINA
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Martínez JP, Trzaskowski B. Electrophilicity of Hoveyda-Grubbs Olefin Metathesis Catalysts as the Driving Force that Controls Initiation Rates. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200580. [PMID: 36062870 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative mechanism of initiation for a series of Hoveyda-Grubbs type metathesis catalysts modified at the para and meta positions in the isopropoxybenzylidene ligand is investigated by means of DFT calculations. The electron donating/withdrawing capacity of the ligand was screened through the incorporation of various substituents such as halogens, nitro, alkoxides, ketones, esters, amines, and amides. Variations in structural parameters, energy barriers for the Ru-O bond dissociation, and Ru-O bond strength were examined as a function of the Hammett constant. It was found that electronic properties of the catalysts such as chemical potential, hardness, and electrophilicity correlate linearly with the dissociative energy barriers. These findings enable a systematic rationalization and prediction of rate of precatalyst initiation through the calculation of only the HOMO-LUMO gap of catalysts, as the faster the initiation, the more electrophilic the catalyst.
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Urbaniak M, Pobłocki K, Kowalczyk P, Kramkowski K, Drzeżdżon J, Gawdzik B, Świtała P, Miler M, Heleniak D, Rybiński P, Jacewicz D. A Series of Green Oxovanadium(IV) Precatalysts with O, N and S Donor Ligands in a Sustainable Olefins Oligomerization Process. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36432140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing catalyst systems based on transition metal ions and activators using the principles of green chemistry is a fundamental research goal of scientists due to the reduction of poisonous solvents, metal salts and organic ligands released into the environment. Urgent measures to reduce climate change are in line with the goals of sustainable development and the new restrictive laws ordained by the European Union. In this report, we attempted to use known oxovanadium(IV) green complex compounds with O, N and S donor ligands, i.e., [VO(TDA)phen] • 1.5 H2O (TDA = thiodiacetate), (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), oxovanadium(IV) microclusters with 2-phenylpyridine (oxovanadium(IV) cage), [VOO(dipic)(2-phepyH)] • H2O (dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion), (2-phepyH = 2-phenylpyridine), [VO(dipic)(dmbipy)] • 2H2O (dmbipy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-dipyridyl) and [VO(ODA)(bipy)] • 2 H2O (ODA = oxydiacetate), (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine), as precatalysts in oligomerization reactions of 3-buten-2-ol, 2-propen-1-ol, 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and 2,3-dibromo-2-propen-1-ol. The precatalysts, in most cases, turned out to be highly active because the catalytic activity exceeded 1000 g mmol-1·h-1. In addition, the oligomers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.
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11
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Grau BW, Neuhauser A, Aghazada S, Meyer K, Tsogoeva SB. Iron-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201414. [PMID: 35770829 PMCID: PMC9826008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The "metathesis reaction" is a straightforward and often metal-catalyzed chemical reaction that transforms two hydrocarbon molecules to two new hydrocarbons by exchange of molecular fragments. Alkane, alkene and alkyne metathesis have become an important tool in synthetic chemistry and have provided access to complex organic structures. Since the discovery of industrial olefin metathesis in the 1960s, many modifications have been reported; thus, increasing scope and improving reaction selectivity. Olefin metathesis catalysts based on high-valent group six elements or Ru(IV) have been developed and improved through ligand modifications. In addition, significant effort was invested to realize olefin metathesis with a non-toxic, bio-compatible and one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust; namely, iron. First evidences suggest that low-valent Fe(II) complexes are active in olefin metathesis. Although the latter has not been unambiguously established, this review summarizes the key advances in the field and aims to guide through the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Neuhauser
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sadig Aghazada
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany,Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
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12
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Nifant'ev IE, Salakhov II, Ivchenko PV. Transition Metal-(μ-Cl)-Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36363991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding in Ziegler−Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M−(μ-Cl)−Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M−(μ-Cl)−Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler−Natta processes and beyond.
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13
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Xu C, Ge C, Sun D, Fan Y, Wang XB. Boron nitride materials as emerging catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:432003. [PMID: 35760042 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7c23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light olefins (C2-C4) play a crucial role as basic ingredients in chemical industry, and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes to olefins has been one of the popular routes since the shale gas revolution. ODH of light alkanes has advantages on energy-and-cost saving as compared with traditional direct dehydrogenation, but it is restricted by its overoxidation which results in the relatively low olefin selectivity. Boron nitride (BN), an interesting nanomaterial with an analogous structure to graphene, springs out and manifests the superior performance as advanced catalysts in ODH, greatly improving the olefin selectivity under high alkane conversion. In this review, we introduce BN nanomaterials in four dimensions together with typical methods of syntheses. Traditional catalysts for ODH are also referred as comparison on several indicators-olefin yields and preparation techniques, including the metal-based catalysts and the non-metal-based catalysts. We also surveyed the BN catalysts for ODH reaction in recent five years, focusing on the different dimensions of BN together with the synthetic routes accounting for the active sites and the catalytic ability. Finally, an outlook of the potential promotion on the design of BN-based catalysts and the possible routes for the exploration of BN-related catalytic mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University (NJU), Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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14
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ten Have IC, van den Brink RY, Marie‐Rose SC, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Using Biomass Gasification Mineral Residue as Catalyst to Produce Light Olefins from CO, CO 2 , and H 2 Mixtures. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200436. [PMID: 35294803 PMCID: PMC9314133 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is a process to transform solids, such as agricultural and municipal waste, into gaseous feedstock for making transportation fuels. The so-called coarse solid residue (CSR) that remains after this conversion process is currently discarded as a process solid residue. In the context of transitioning from a linear to a circular society, the feasibility of using the solid process residue from waste gasification as a solid catalyst for light olefin production from CO, CO2 , and H2 mixtures was investigated. This CSR-derived catalyst converted biomass-derived syngas, a H2 -poor mixture of CO, CO2 , H2 , and N2 , into methane (57 %) and C2 -C4 olefins (43 %) at 450 °C and 20 bar. The main active ingredient of CSR was Fe, and it was discovered with operando X-ray diffraction that metallic Fe, present after pre-reduction in H2 , transformed into an Fe carbide phase under reaction conditions. The increased formation of Fe carbides correlated with an increase in CO conversion and olefin selectivity. The presence of alkali elements, such as Na and K, in CSR-derived catalyst increased olefin production as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C. ten Have
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Robin Y. van den Brink
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | | | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtNetherlands
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15
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Yang Y, Wang H, Huang L, Nishiura M, Higaki Y, Hou Z. Terpolymerization of Ethylene and Two Different Methoxyaryl-Substituted Propylenes by Scandium Catalyst Makes Tough and Fast Self-Healing Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26192-26198. [PMID: 34751988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The terpolymerization of a non-polar olefin (such as ethylene) and two different polar functional olefins in a controlled fashion is of great interest and importance but has hardly been explored to date. We report for the first time the terpolymerization of ethylene (E) and two different methoxyaryl-substituted propylenes (AR1 P=hexylanisyl propylene; AR2 P=methoxynaphthyl propylene or methoxypyrenyl propylene) by a half-sandwich scandium catalyst. The terpolymerization took place in a sequence-controlled fashion, affording unique multi-block copolymers composed of two different ethylene-alt-methoxyarylpropylene sequences E-alt-AR1 P (soft segments) and E-alt-AR2 P (hard segments) and relatively short ethylene-ethylene (EE) blocks (crystalline segments). The terpolymers exhibited excellent elasticity and unprecedented self-healing as a result of microphase separation of nanodomains of the crystalline EE segments and the hard amorphous E-alt-AR2 P segments from a very flexible E-alt-AR1 P matrix, demonstrating unique synergy of the three different components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haobing Wang
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Lin Huang
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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16
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Buechele M, Lutz H, Knaus F, Reichhold A, Venderbosch R, Vollnhofer W. Co-feeding of vacuum gas oil and pinewood-derived hydrogenated pyrolysis oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant to generate olefins and gasoline. Open Res Eur 2021; 1:143. [PMID: 37645116 PMCID: PMC10446091 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Waste2Road project exploits new sustainable pathways to generate biogenic fuels from waste materials, deploying existing industrial scale processes. One such pathway is through pyrolysis of wood wastes. Methods: The hereby generated pyrolysis liquids were hydrogenated prior to co-feeding in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) pilot plant. So-called stabilized pyrolysis oil (SPO) underwent one mild hydrogenation step (max. 200 °C) whereas the stabilized and deoxygenated pyrolysis oil (SDPO) was produced in two steps, a mild one (maximum 250 °C) prior to a more severe process step (350 °C). These liquids were co-fed with vacuum gas oil (VGO) in an FCC pilot plant under varying riser temperatures (530 and 550 °C). The results of the produced hydrocarbon gases and gasoline were benchmarked to feeding pure VGO. Results: It was proven that co-feeding up to 10 wt% SPO and SDPO is feasible. However, further experiments are recommended for SPO due to operational instabilities originating from pipe clogging. SPO led to an increase in the hydrocarbon gas production from 45.0 to 46.3 wt% at 550 °C and no significant changes at 530 °C. SDPO led to a rise in gasoline yield at both riser temperatures. The highest amount of gasoline was produced when SDPO was co-fed at a 530 °C riser temperature, with values around 44.8 wt%. Co-feeding hydrogenated pyrolysis oils did not lead to a rise in sulfur content in the gasoline fractions. The highest values were around 18 ppm sulfur content. Instead, higher amounts of nitrogen were observed in the gasoline. Conclusions: SPO and SDPO proved to be valuable co-refining options which led to no significant decreases in product quality. Further experiments are encouraged to determine the maximum possible co-feeding rates. As a first step, 20-30 wt% for SPO are recommended, whereas for SDPO 100 wt% could be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Buechele
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Helene Lutz
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Florian Knaus
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Alexander Reichhold
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1060, Austria
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17
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Yanagisawa T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N. A Novel Reactivity of Phosphanylalumane (>P-Al<): Reversible Addition of a Saturated Interelement Bond to Olefins. Chemistry 2021; 27:11273-11278. [PMID: 34105846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reversible addition of olefins to a phosphanylalumane, P-Al single-bond species, was investigated. The P-Al bond added to ethylene and relatively small terminal alkenes (propylene and hex-1-ene) at room temperature to give the corresponding alkene adducts. Heating the terminal alkene adducts released the corresponding alkenes and regenerated the P-Al bond, but no release of ethylene was observed even under vacuum conditions. The reactivity of ethylene adduct as a new saturated C2 vicinal P/Al-based FLP was also investigated. The ethylene adduct was found to undergo complexation with nitriles to give the corresponding nitrile adducts to the Al center, which retained the ethylene tether as in the case of the corresponding P/B-based FLP. However, the reactivity of ethylene toward CO2 and benzaldehyde differed from that of the P/B system giving the corresponding adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yanagisawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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18
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Papari S, Bamdad H, Berruti F. Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2586. [PMID: 34065677 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plastic production has been rapidly growing across the world and, at the end of their use, many of the plastic products become waste disposed of in landfills or dispersed, causing serious environmental and health issues. From a sustainability point of view, the conversion of plastic waste to fuels or, better yet, to individual monomers, leads to a much greener waste management compared to landfill disposal. In this paper, we systematically review the potential of pyrolysis as an effective thermochemical conversion method for the valorization of plastic waste. Different pyrolysis types, along with the influence of operating conditions, e.g., catalyst types, temperature, vapor residence time, and plastic waste types, on yields, quality, and applications of the cracking plastic products are discussed. The quality of pyrolysis plastic oil, before and after upgrading, is compared to conventional diesel fuel. Plastic oil yields as high as 95 wt.% can be achieved through slow pyrolysis. Plastic oil has a heating value approximately equivalent to that of diesel fuel, i.e., 45 MJ/kg, no sulfur, a very low water and ash content, and an almost neutral pH, making it a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels. This oil, as-is or after minor modifications, can be readily used in conventional diesel engines. Fast pyrolysis mainly produces wax rather than oil. However, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, waxy products further crack into oil. Wax is an intermediate feedstock and can be used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to produce fuel or other valuable petrochemical products. Flash pyrolysis of plastic waste, performed at high temperatures, i.e., near 1000 °C, and with very short vapor residence times, i.e., less than 250 ms, can recover up to 50 wt.% ethylene monomers from polyethylene waste. Alternatively, pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to olefins can be performed in two stages, with the conversion of plastic waste to plastic oil, followed by thermal cracking of oil to monomers in a second stage. The conversion of plastic waste to carbon nanotubes, representing a higher-value product than fuel, is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that up to 25 wt.% of waste plastic can be converted into carbon nanotubes.
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19
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Puls F, Linke P, Kataeva O, Knölker HJ. Iron-Catalyzed Wacker-type Oxidation of Olefins at Room Temperature with 1,3-Diketones or Neocuproine as Ligands*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14083-14090. [PMID: 33856090 PMCID: PMC8251641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a convenient and general method for the oxidation of olefins to ketones using either tris(dibenzoylmethanato)iron(III) [Fe(dbm)3 ] or a combination of iron(II) chloride and neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) as catalysts and phenylsilane (PhSiH3 ) as additive. All reactions proceed efficiently at room temperature using air as sole oxidant. This transformation has been applied to a variety of substrates, is operationally simple, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and shows a high functional-group tolerance. The ketones are formed smoothly in up to 97 % yield and with 100 % regioselectivity, while the corresponding alcohols were observed as by-products. Labeling experiments showed that an incorporated hydrogen atom originates from the phenylsilane. The oxygen atom of the ketone as well as of the alcohol derives from the ambient atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Kataeva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russia
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Cnudde P, Redekop EA, Dai W, Porcaro NG, Waroquier M, Bordiga S, Hunger M, Li L, Olsbye U, Van Speybroeck V. Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Promotional Effect of Acid Sites on the Diffusion of Alkenes through Small-Pore Zeolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10016-10022. [PMID: 33496374 PMCID: PMC8251642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is of fundamental importance for many zeolite‐catalyzed processes. Transport of small alkenes in the confined zeolite pores can become hindered, resulting in a significant impact on the ultimate product selectivity and separation. Herein, intracrystalline light olefin/paraffin diffusion through the 8‐ring windows of zeolite SAPO‐34 is characterized by a complementary set of first‐principle molecular dynamics simulations, PFG‐NMR experiments, and pulse‐response temporal analysis of products measurements, yielding information at different length and time scales. Our results clearly show a promotional effect of the presence of Brønsted acid sites on the diffusion rate of ethene and propene, whereas transport of alkanes is found to be insensitive to the presence of acid sites. The enhanced diffusivity of unsaturated hydrocarbons is ascribed to the formation of favorable π–H interactions with acid protons, as confirmed by IR spectroscopy measurements. The acid site distribution is proven to be an important design parameter for optimizing product distributions and separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Cnudde
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Evgeniy A Redekop
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Natale G Porcaro
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre of Excellence and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 10, Torino, Italy
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre of Excellence and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 10, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Hunger
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Landong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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21
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Feng Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Meng C. Recent Advances on Gallium-Modified ZSM-5 for Conversion of Light Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082234. [PMID: 33924390 PMCID: PMC8069487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light olefins are key components of modern chemical industry and are feedstocks for the production of many commodity chemicals widely used in our daily life. It would be of great economic significance to convert light alkanes, produced during the refining of crude oil or extracted during the processing of natural gas selectively to value-added products, such as light alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., through catalytic dehydrogenation. Among various catalysts developed, Ga-modified ZSM-5-based catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance and stability in dehydrogenation of light alkanes. In this mini review, we summarize the progress on synthesis and application of Ga-modified ZSM-5 as catalysts in dehydrogenation of light alkanes to olefins, and the dehydroaromatization to aromatics in the past two decades, as well as the discussions on in-situ formation and evolution of reactive Ga species as catalytic centers and the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Liu
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.M.)
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22
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Zhao B, Sun M, Chen F, Shi Y, Yu Y, Li X, Zhang B. Unveiling the Activity Origin of Iron Nitride as Catalytic Material for Efficient Hydrogenation of CO 2 to C 2+ Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4496-4500. [PMID: 33206425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalytic materials and unveiling the active species are significant for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons. Fe2 N@C nanoparticles were reported to exhibit outstanding performance toward selective CO2 hydrogenation to C2+ hydrocarbons (C2+ selectivity: 53.96 %; C2 -C4 = selectivity, 31.03 %), outperforming corresponding Fe@C. In situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that iron nitrides were in situ converted to highly active iron carbides, which acted as the real active species. Moreover, the combined results of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and control experiments suggested an in situ formed carbonyl iron-mediated conversion mechanism from iron nitrides to iron carbides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fanpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Li Z, Wang M, Shi Z. Radical Addition Enables 1,2-Aryl Migration from a Vinyl-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:186-190. [PMID: 32914547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for photocatalytic perfluoroalkylation of vinyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers involving 1,2-aryl migration has been developed. The rearrangement reactions use fac-Ir(ppy)3 , visible light and commercially available fluoroalkyl halides and can generate valuable multisubstituted perfluoroalkylated compounds in a single step that would be challenging to prepare by other methods. Mechanistically, the photoinduced alkyl radical addition to an alkene leads to the migration of a vicinal aryl substituent from its adjacent all-carbon quaternary center with the concomitant generation of a C-radical bearing two electron-withdrawing groups that is further reduced by a hydrogen donor to complete the domino sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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24
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Xu Y, Zhai P, Deng Y, Xie J, Liu X, Wang S, Ma D. Highly Selective Olefin Production from CO 2 Hydrogenation on Iron Catalysts: A Subtle Synergy between Manganese and Sodium Additives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21736-21744. [PMID: 32809247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mn and Na additives have been widely studied to improve the efficiency of CO2 hydrogenation to valuable olefins on Fe catalysts, but their effects on the catalytic properties and mechanism are still under vigorous debate. This study shows that Fe-based catalysts with moderate Mn and Na contents are highly selective for CO2 hydrogenation to olefins, together with low selectivities for both CO and CH4 and much improved space-time olefin yields compared to state-of-the-art catalysts. Combined kinetic assessment and quasi in situ characterizations further unveil that the sole presence of Mn suppresses the activity of Fe catalysts because of the close contact between Fe and Mn, whereas the introduction of Na mediates the Fe-Mn interaction and provides strong basic sites. This subtle synergy between Na and Mn sheds light on the importance of the interplay of multiple additives that could bring an enabling strategy to improve catalytic activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 165, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China.,Synfuels China, Beijing, 100195, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 36100, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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25
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Fu D, Lucini Paioni A, Lian C, van der Heijden O, Baldus M, Weckhuysen BM. Elucidating Zeolite Channel Geometry-Reaction Intermediate Relationships for the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbon Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20024-20030. [PMID: 32761941 PMCID: PMC7692936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The chemical industry has exploited zeolite shape selectivity for more than 50 years, yet our fundamental understanding remains incomplete. Herein, the zeolite channel geometry-reactive intermediate relationships are studied in detail using anisotropic zeolite ZSM-5 crystals for the methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) process, and advanced magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The utilization of anisotropic ZSM-5 crystals enabled the preferential formation of reaction intermediates in single-orientation zeolite channels, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and in situ UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. The ssNMR results show that the slightly more constrained sinusoidal zeolite channels favor the olefin cycle by promoting the homologation of alkanes, whereas the more extended straight zeolite channels facilitate the aromatic cycle with a higher degree of alkylation of aromatics. Dynamic nuclear polarization experiments further indicate the preferential formation of heavy aromatics at the zeolite surface dominated by the sinusoidal channels, providing further insight into catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglong Fu
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lucini Paioni
- NMR SpectroscopyBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Cheng Lian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 53584 CCUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Onno van der Heijden
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR SpectroscopyBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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26
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Park HS, Fan Z, Zhu RY, Yu JQ. Distal γ-C(sp 3 )-H Olefination of Ketone Derivatives and Free Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12853-12859. [PMID: 32385966 PMCID: PMC7494175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the distal γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of ketone derivatives and free carboxylic acids. Fine tuning of a previously reported imino-acid directing group and using the ligand combination of a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) and an electron-deficient 2-pyridone were critical for the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of ketone substrates. In addition, MPAAs enabled the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefination of free carboxylic acids to form diverse six-membered lactones. Besides alkyl carboxylic acids, benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds also could be functionalized to form 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin structures in a single step from 2-methyl benzoic acid derivatives. The utility of these protocols was demonstrated in large scale reactions and diversification of the γ-C(sp3 )-H olefinated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ru-Yi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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27
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Gaikwad SR, Patel K, Deshmukh SS, Mote NR, Birajdar RS, Pandole SP, Chugh J, Chikkali SH. Palladium-Catalyzed Insertion of Ethylene and 1,1-Disubstituted Difunctional Olefins: An Experimental and Computational Study. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1200-1209. [PMID: 32584523 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insertion or coordination copolymerization of ethylene with di-substituted olefins is challenging and the choice of di-substituted mono-functional olefin versus di-substituted di-functional olefin (DDO) appears to be decisive. Here we show that DDO-inserted species are amenable to ethylene insertion and polymerization. DDOs such as 2-acetamidoacrylic acid (AAA), methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate (MAAA), and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA) were treated with palladium complex [{P∧O}PdMe(L)] (P∧O=κ2 -P,O-Ar2 PC6 H4 SO2 O with Ar=2-MeOC6 H4 ; L=C2 H6 OS) and the existence of respective insertion intermediates in moderate yield (up to 37 %) was established. These intermediates were exposed to ethylene and corresponding ethylene-inserted products were isolated and characterized. A careful comparison with three model compounds confirmed ethylene insertion and polymerization. Thus, the combined experimental and computational investigations show that DDO-inserted species can undergo ethylene insertion and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahaji R Gaikwad
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Satej S Deshmukh
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Nilesh R Mote
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Rajkumar S Birajdar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Satish P Pandole
- Central NMR Facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune-411008, India
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Samir H Chikkali
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Roa, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India
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28
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Fernández-Morales JM, Castillejos E, Asedegbega-Nieto E, Dongil AB, Rodríguez-Ramos I, Guerrero-Ruiz A. Comparative Study of Different Acidic Surface Structures in Solid Catalysts Applied for the Isobutene Dimerization Reaction. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10061235. [PMID: 32630489 PMCID: PMC7353098 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization of isobutene (IBE) to C8s olefins was evaluated over a range of solid acid catalysts of diverse nature, in a fixed bed reactor working in a continuous mode. All catalytic materials were studied in the title reaction performed between 50–250 °C, being the reaction feed a mixture of IBE/helium (4:1 molar ratio). In all materials, both conversion and selectivity increased with increasing reaction temperature and at 180 °C the best performance was recorded. Herein, we used thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and temperature programmed desorption of adsorbed ammonia (NH3-TPD) for catalysts characterization. We place emphasis on the nature of acid sites that affect the catalytic performance. High selectivity to C8s was achieved with all catalysts. Nicely, the catalyst with higher loading of Brønsted sites displayed brilliant catalytic performance in the course of the reaction (high IBE conversion). However, optimum selectivity towards C8 compounds led to low catalyst stability, this being attributed to the combined effect between the nature of acidic sites and structural characteristics of the catalytic materials used. Therefore, this study would foment more research in the optimization of the activity and the selectivity for IBE dimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Fernández-Morales
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, c/Senda del Rey No. 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.F.-M.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Eva Castillejos
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (E.A.-N.)
| | - Esther Asedegbega-Nieto
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, c/Senda del Rey No. 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.F.-M.); (A.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (E.A.-N.)
| | - Ana Belén Dongil
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie No. 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.D.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Inmaculada Rodríguez-Ramos
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie No. 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.D.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, c/Senda del Rey No. 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.F.-M.); (A.G.-R.)
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29
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Russkikh A, Shterk G, Al-Solami BH, Fadhel BA, Ramirez A, Gascon J. Turning Waste into Value: Potassium-Promoted Red Mud as an Effective Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of CO 2. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:2981-2987. [PMID: 32239790 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since 1887, red mud has been an unavoidable waste derived from the production of alumina in the Bayer process. Because of its high alkalinity and metal loading, red mud disposal and storage constitute a significant environmental risk. With worldwide storage capacity reaching its limits and no alternatives to the Bayer Process, the development of methods for the valorization of red mud is a must. In this study, red mud is converted into an efficient catalyst for the valorization of CO2 . By simple potassium promotion, 45 % conversion of CO2 with a light olefin (C2 -C4 ) selectivity of 36 % is achieved at 375 °C, 30 bar, and 9600 mL g-1 h-1 , matching the performance of some of the best catalysts reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Russkikh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Genrikh Shterk
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar H Al-Solami
- Carbon Management Research Division, Research & Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Fadhel
- Carbon Management Research Division, Research & Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Advanced Catalytic Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Maier TM, Sandl S, Melzl P, Zweck J, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Wolf R. Heterogeneous Olefin Hydrogenation Enabled by a Highly-Reduced Nickel(-II) Catalyst Precursor. Chemistry 2020; 26:6113-6117. [PMID: 32034810 PMCID: PMC7318650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of olefins, styrenes, enoates, imines, and sterically hindered tri-substituted olefins was accomplished using the pre-catalyst dilithiumbis(cycloocta-1,5-diene)nickelate(-II) (1). The mild conditions tolerate hydroxyl, halide, ester, and lactone functionalities. Mechanistic studies, including reaction progress analyses, poisoning experiments, and multinuclear NMR monitoring, indicate that a heterotopic (nickel nanoparticle) catalyst is in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Maier
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Sandl
- University of HamburgDepartment of Chemistry20146HamburgGermany
| | - Peter Melzl
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Josef Zweck
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics93040RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
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31
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Pieczykolan M, Czaban-Jóźwiak J, Malinska M, Woźniak K, Dorta R, Rybicka A, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. The Influence of Various N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands on Activity of Nitro-Activated Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Molecules 2020; 25:E2282. [PMID: 32408688 PMCID: PMC7287594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of nitro-activated ruthenium-based Hoveyda-Grubbs type olefin metathesis catalysts bearing sterically modified N-hetero-cyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been obtained, characterised and studied in a set of model metathesis reactions. It was found that catalysts bearing standard SIMes and SIPr ligands (4a and 4b) gave the best results in metathesis of substrates with more accessible C-C double bonds. At the same time, catalysts bearing engineered naphthyl-substituted NHC ligands (4d-e) exhibited high activity towards formation of tetrasubstituted C-C double bonds, the reaction which was traditionally Achilles' heel of the nitro-activated Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (J.C.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Justyna Czaban-Jóźwiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (J.C.-J.)
| | - Maura Malinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Reto Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Anna Rybicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (J.C.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (K.W.); (A.R.)
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32
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Kleij AW. Across the Board: Arjan W. Kleij on Electrosynthesis for Regioselective Carboxylation of Aromatic Alkenes. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:2098-2100. [PMID: 32141194 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. A. W. Kleij, who discusses the use of electrosynthesis to advance the regioselective hydrocarboxylation of low-value olefins to afford high-value carboxylic acids using carbon dioxide as reagent. In particular, in a recent breakthrough contribution a general β-carboxylation of aromatic olefins is displayed and as such significantly expands state-of-the-art carboxylation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Ronda-Lloret M, Rothenberg G, Shiju NR. A Critical Look at Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Olefins. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3896-3914. [PMID: 31166079 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the main initiatives for fighting climate change is to use carbon dioxide as a resource instead of waste. In this respect, thermocatalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation to high-added-value chemicals is a promising process. Among the products of this reaction (alcohols, alkanes, olefins, or aromatics), light olefins are interesting because they are building blocks for making polymers, as well as other important chemicals. Olefins are mainly produced from fossil fuel sources, but the increasing demand of plastics boosts the need to develop more sustainable synthetic routes. This review gives a critical overview of the most recent achievements in direct carbon dioxide hydrogenation to light olefins, which can take place through two competitive routes: the modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and methanol-mediated synthesis. Both routes are compared in terms of catalyst development, reaction performance, and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, practical aspects of the commercialization of this reaction, such as renewable hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture, compression, and transport, are discussed. It is concluded that, to date, the catalysts used in the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction give a wide product distribution, which reduces the specific selectivity to lower olefins. More efforts are needed to reach better control of the C/H surface ratio and interactions within the functionalities of the catalyst, as well as understanding the reaction mechanism and avoiding deactivation. Renewable H2 production and carbon dioxide capture and transport technologies are being developed, although they are currently still too expensive for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ronda-Lloret
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Raveendran Shiju
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Behnke NE, Lovato K, Yousufuddin M, Kürti L. Titanium-Mediated Synthesis of Spirocyclic NH-Azetidines from Oxime Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14219-14223. [PMID: 31381840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The TiIV -mediated synthesis of spirocyclic NH-azetidines from oxime ethers using either an alkyl Grignard reagent or terminal olefin ligand exchange coupling partner is described. Through a proposed Kulinkovich-type mechanism, a titanacyclopropane intermediate forms and serves as a 1,2-aliphatic dianion equivalent, inserting into the 1,2-dielectrophilc oxime ether to ultimately give rise to the desired N-heterocyclic four-membered ring. This transformation proceeds in moderate yield to furnish previously unreported and structurally diverse NH-azetidines in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Lovato
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Life and Health Sciences Department, The University of North Texas at Dallas, 7400 University Hills Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75241, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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35
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Dang S, Li S, Yang C, Chen X, Li X, Zhong L, Gao P, Sun Y. Selective Transformation of CO 2 and H 2 into Lower Olefins over In 2 O 3 -ZnZrO x /SAPO-34 Bifunctional Catalysts. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3582-3591. [PMID: 31197936 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Because lower olefins (C2 = -C4 = ) are important bulk petrochemicals, their direct production from CO2 hydrogenation is highly attractive. However, the selectivity towards C2 = -C4 = by the modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is restricted to 56.7 % with high undesired methane selectivity. Here, a series of bifunctional catalysts containing In2 O3 -ZnZrOx oxides and various SAPO-34 zeolites with different crystal sizes (0.4-1.5 μm) and pore structures was developed for the production of lower olefins by CO2 hydrogenation. The C2 = -C4 = selectivity reached as high as 85 % among all hydrocarbons with very low CH4 selectivity of only 1 % at a CO2 conversion of 17 %. This demonstrated that the small crystal size, hierarchical pore structure, and appropriate amount of Brønsted acid sites of SAPO-34 endowed the bifunctional catalysts with high C2 = -C4 = selectivity. This work shows an efficient way for developing bifunctional catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to lower olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shenggang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chengguang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xinqing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Liangshu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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36
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Talavera M, von Hahmann CN, Müller R, Ahrens M, Kaupp M, Braun T. C-H and C-F Bond Activation Reactions of Fluorinated Propenes at Rhodium: Distinctive Reactivity of the Refrigerant HFO-1234yf. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10688-10692. [PMID: 31102565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of [Rh(H)(PEt3 )3 ] (1) with the refrigerant HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) affords an efficient route to obtain [Rh(F)(PEt3 )3 ] (3) by C-F bond activation. Catalytic hydrodefluorinations were achieved in the presence of the silane HSiPh3 . In the presence of a fluorosilane, 3 provides a C-H bond activation followed by a 1,2-fluorine shift to produce [Rh{(E)-C(CF3 )=CHF}(PEt3 )3 ] (4). Similar rearrangements of HFO-1234yf were observed at [Rh(E)(PEt3 )3 ] [E=Bpin (6), C7 D7 (8), Me (9)]. The ability to favor C-H bond activation using 3 and fluorosilane is also demonstrated with 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Studies are supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cortney N von Hahmann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mike Ahrens
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Wang Y, Xu K, Li B, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Zhao H, Fang J, Li C. Efficient Separation of cis- and trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Isomers by Adaptive Biphen[3]arene Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10281-10284. [PMID: 31112359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the highly efficient separation of industrially important cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE and trans-DCE) isomers by activated crystalline 2,2',4,4'-tetramethoxyl biphen[3]arene (MeBP3) materials, MeBP3α. MeBP3 can be synthesized in excellent yield (99 %), and a cyclic pentamer is also obtained when using 1,2-dichloroethane as the solvent. The structure of MeBP3 in the CH3 CN@MeBP3 crystal displays a triangle-shape topology, forming 1D channels through window-to-window packing. Desolvated crystalline MeBP3 materials, MeBP3α, preferentially adsorb cis-DCE vapors over its trans isomer. MeBP3α is able to separate cis-DCE from a 50:50 (v/v) cis/trans-isomer mixture, yielding cis-DCE with a purity of 96.4 % in a single adsorption cycle. Single-crystal structures and powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the uptake of cis-DCE triggers a solid-state structural transformation of MeBP3, suggesting the adaptivity of MeBP3α materials during the sorption process. Moreover, the separation can be performed over multiple cycles without loss of separation selectivity and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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38
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Guo G, Wu X, Yan X, Yan L, Li X, Zhang S, Qiu N. Unprecedentedly High Activity and/or High Regio-/Stereoselectivity of Fluorenyl-Based CGC Allyl-Type η 3:η 1- tert-Butyl(dimethylfluorenylsilyl)amido Ligated Rare Earth Metal Monoalkyl Complexes in Olefin Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E836. [PMID: 31072012 PMCID: PMC6572029 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fluorenyl-based constrained-geometry-configuration (CGC) allyl-type rare earth metal monoalkyl complexes bearing the divalent anionic η3:η1-tert-butyl(dimethylfluorenylsilyl)amido (η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu) ligand (η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2 (1-3) have been synthesized via the alkane elimination reaction between the FluHSiMe2NHtBu ligand and rare earth metal tri(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)n. Their structures are characterized by means of NMR spectrum, elemental analyses, and X-ray diffraction. These complexes 1-3 are isostructural and isomorphous, and each of them adopts a distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal configuration containing one η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu ligand, one CH2SiMe3 ligand, and two THF molecules. Unlike traditional CGC allyl-type rare earth metal complexes showing no or low activity and regio-/stereoselectivity in styrene or MMA polymerization, these complexes 1-3 exhibit high catalytic activities and/or high regio-/stereoselectivities in the cis-1,4-polymerization of isoprene and myrcene or in the syndiotactic polymerization of styrene under the aid of different activators (borate or borane) and AlR3. The in situ 1H NMR spectra suggest that the exchanges of chelating ligands such as alkyl groups and divalent anionic η3:η1-FluSiMe2NtBu ligands between rare earth metal centers and Al centers result in the formation of a heterobimetallic tetraalkylaluminate complex R2Al(μ-R)2Ln(R)(μ-R)2AlR2, which is activated by activators to form a divalent cationic species [Ln(μ-R)2AlR2]2+ as a catalytically active species in the coordination-insertion polymerization of olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiangqian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Li Yan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Liangxiang Campus of Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Nannan Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
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39
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Voutyritsa E, Triandafillidi I, Tzouras NV, Nikitas NF, Pefkianakis EK, Vougioukalakis GC, Kokotos CG. Photocatalytic Atom Transfer Radical Addition to Olefins Utilizing Novel Photocatalysts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091644. [PMID: 31027341 PMCID: PMC6540230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a rapidly evolving area of research in modern organic synthesis. Among the traditional photocatalysts, metal-complexes based on ruthenium or iridium are the most common. Herein, we present the synthesis of two photoactive, ruthenium-based complexes bearing pyridine-quinoline or terpyridine ligands with extended aromatic conjugation. Our complexes were utilized in the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of haloalkanes to olefins, using bromoacetonitrile or bromotrichloromethane as the source of the alkyl group. The tailor-made ruthenium-based catalyst bearing the pyridine-quinoline bidentate ligand proved to be the best-performing photocatalyst, among a range of metal complexes and organocatalysts, efficiently catalyzing both reactions. These photocatalytic atom transfer protocols can be expanded into a broad scope of olefins. In both protocols, the photocatalytic reactions led to products in good to excellent isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios K Pefkianakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15771, Athens, Greece.
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40
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Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers represents a challenge because of the large variety of substrate-induced side reactions. However, this approach also holds the potential for the direct synthesis of polar functionalized polyolefins with unique properties. After decades of research, only a few catalyst systems have been found to be suitable for this reaction. Some major advances in catalyst development have been made in the past five years. This Minireview summarizes some of the recent progress in the extensively studied Brookhart and Drent catalyst systems, as well as emerging alternative palladium and nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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41
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Cao Q, Luo J, Zhao X. Chiral Sulfide Catalysis for Desymmetrizing Enantioselective Chlorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1315-1319. [PMID: 30456895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An unprecendented chiral sulfide catalyzed desymmetrizing enantioselective chlorination is disclosed. Various aryl-tethered diolefins and diaryl-tethered olefins afforded teralins and tricyclic hexahydrophenalene derivatives, respectively, bearing multiple stereogenic centers in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. In contrast, the tertiary amine catalyst (DHQD)2 PHAL led to a diastereomeric product. The products could be transformed into a variety of compounds, such as spiro-N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Cao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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42
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Zhang W, Zou Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liang Y, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Pan Y. Leaving Group Assisted Strategy for Photoinduced Fluoroalkylations Using N-Hydroxybenzimidoyl Chloride Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:624-627. [PMID: 30444559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active esters (RAEs) as alkyl radical precursors have been extensively developed for C-C bond formations. However, the analogous transformations of fluoroalkyl radicals from the corresponding acid or ester precursors remain challenging because of the high oxidation potential of the fluoroalkyl carboxylate anions. The newly developed N-hydroxybenzimidoylchloride (NHBC) ester provides a general leaving group assisted strategy to generate a portfolio of fluoroalkyl radicals, and can be successfully applied in photoinduced decarboxylative hydrofluoroalkylation and heteroarylation of unactivated olefins. In addition, DFT calculations revealed that the NHBC ester proceeds by the fluorocarbon radical pathway, whereas other well-known RAEs proceed by the nitrogen radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenlei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Youxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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43
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Abstract
A highly regioselective hydroalkenylation of imines or aldehydes with styrene derivatives was realized by dual catalysis with Ni(cod)2 /PCy3 and either TsNH2 or PhB(OH)2 . This process provides an atom-, step-, and redox-economic pathway towards synthetically useful allylic amines and alcohols, and opens up a new avenue for the design of more versatile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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44
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Zhu CL, Wang C, Qin QX, Yruegas S, Martin CD, Xu H. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Azidotrifluoromethylation of Olefins and N-Heterocycles for Expedient Vicinal Trifluoromethyl Amine Synthesis. ACS Catal 2018; 8:5032-5037. [PMID: 29938121 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein an iron-catalyzed azidotrifluoromethylation method for expedient vicinal trifluoromethyl primary-amine synthesis. This method is effective for a broad range of olefins and N-heterocycles, and it facilitates efficient synthesis of a wide variety of vicinal trifluoromethyl primary amines, including those that prove difficult to synthesize with existing approaches. Our preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the catalyst-promoted azido-group transfer proceeds through a carbo-radical instead of a carbocation species. Characterization of an active iron catalyst through X-ray crystallographic studies suggests that in situ generated, structurally novel iron-azide complexes promote the oxidant activation and selective azido-group transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Qi-Xue Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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45
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Abstract
We herein report an iron-catalyzed direct diazidation method via activation of bench-stable peroxyesters promoted by nitrogen-based ligands. This method is effective for a broad range of olefins and N-heterocycles, including those that are difficult substrates for the existing olefin diamination and diazidation methods. Notably, nearly a stoichiometric amount of oxidant and TMSN3 are sufficient for high-yielding diazidation for most substrates. Preliminary mechanistic studies elucidated the similarities and differences between this method and the benziodoxole-based olefin diazidation method previously developed by us. This method effectively addresses the limitations of the existing olefin diazidation methods. Most notably, previously problematic nonproductive oxidant decomposition can be minimized. Furthermore, X-ray crystallographic studies suggest that an iron-azide-ligand complex can be generated in situ from an iron acetate precatalyst and that it may facilitate peroxyester activation and the rate-determining C-N3 bond formation during diazidation of unstrained olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Deng-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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46
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Zhou X, Xia J, Zheng G, Kong L, Li X. Divergent Coupling of Anilines and Enones by Integration of C-H Activation and Transfer Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6681-6685. [PMID: 29663592 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cp*RhIII /IrIII complexes are known to play important roles in both C-H activation and transfer hydrogenation (TH). However, these two areas evolved separately. They have been integrated in redox- and chemodivergent coupling reactions of N-pyridylanilines with enones. The iridium-catalyzed coupling with enones leads to the efficient synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines through TH from i PrOH. Counterintuitively, i PrOH does not serve as the sole hydride source, and the major reaction pathway involves disproportionation of a dihydroquinoline intermediate, followed by the convergent and iterative reduction of quinolinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jintao Xia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangfan Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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47
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Surger MJ, Angelov A, Stier P, Übelacker M, Liebl W. Impact of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism on Fatty Acid and Alkene Biosynthesis in Micrococcus luteus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:374. [PMID: 29593665 PMCID: PMC5857589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micrococcus luteus naturally produces alkenes, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and represents a promising host to produce hydrocarbons as constituents of biofuels and lubricants. In this work, we identify the genes for key enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid catabolism in M. luteus, whose first metabolic steps lead also to the formation of primer molecules for branched-chain fatty acid and olefin biosynthesis, and demonstrate how these genes can be used to manipulate the production of specific olefins in this organism. We constructed mutants of several gene candidates involved in the branched-chain amino acid metabolism or its regulation and investigated the resulting changes in the cellular fatty acid and olefin profiles by GC/MS. The gene cluster encoding the components of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex was identified by deletion and promoter exchange mutagenesis. Overexpression of the BCKD gene cluster resulted in about threefold increased olefin production whereas deletion of the cluster led to a drastic reduction in branched-chain fatty acid content and a complete loss of olefin production. The specificities of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases of the branched amino acid degradation pathways were deduced from the fatty acid and olefin profiles of the respective deletion mutant strains. In addition, growth experiments with branched amino acids as the only nitrogen source were carried out with the mutants in order to confirm our annotations. Both the deletion mutant of the BCKD complex, responsible for the further degradation of all three branched-chain amino acids, as well as the deletion mutant of the proposed isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (specific for leucine degradation) were not able to grow on leucine in contrast to the parental strain. In conclusion, our experiments allow the unambigous assignment of specific functions to the genes for key enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid metabolism of M. luteus. We also show how this knowledge can be used to engineer the isomeric composition and the chain lengths of the olefins produced by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Angelov
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Stier
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Übelacker
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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48
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Cai Y, Yang XT, Zhang SQ, Li F, Li YQ, Ruan LX, Hong X, Shi SL. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Markovnikov Protoboration of α- Olefins Enabled by a Buttressed N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1376-1380. [PMID: 29230927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reported is a highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed Markovnikov protoboration of unactivated terminal alkenes. A variety of simple and abundant feedstock α-olefins bearing a diverse array of functional groups and heterocyclic substituents can be used as substrates, and the reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature to provide expedient access to enantioenriched alkylboronic esters in good regioselectivity and with excellent enantiocontrol. Critical to the success of the protocol was the development and application of a novel, sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene, (R,R,R,R)-ANIPE, as the ligand for copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Tuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin-Xin Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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49
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Ma Z, Zhou Z, Kürti L. Direct and Stereospecific Synthesis of N-H and N-Alkyl Aziridines from Unactivated Olefins Using Hydroxylamine-O-Sulfonic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9886-9890. [PMID: 28614619 PMCID: PMC5727000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A RhII -catalyzed direct and stereospecific N-H- and N-alkyl aziridination of olefins is reported that uses hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acids as inexpensive, readily available, and nitro group-free aminating reagents. Unactivated olefins, featuring a wide range of functional groups, are converted into the corresponding N-H or N-alkyl aziridines in good to excellent yields. This operationally simple, scalable transformation proceeds efficiently at ambient temperature and is tolerant towards oxygen and trace moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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50
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Abstract
A highly efficient, Z-selective ring-closing metathesis system for the formation of macrocycles using a stereoretentive, ruthenium-based catalyst supported by a dithiolate ligand is reported. The catalyst is remarkably active as observed in initiation experiments showing complete catalyst initiation at -20 °C within 10 minutes. Macrocyclization reactions generated Z-products from easily accessible diene starting materials bearing a Z-olefin moiety. This approach provides a more efficient and selective route to Z-macrocycles relative to previously reported systems. Reactions were completed within shorter reaction times, and turnover numbers of up to 100 could be achieved. Macrocyclic lactones ranging in size from twelve- to seventeen-membered rings were synthesized in moderate to high yields (67-79 %) with excellent Z-selectivity (95-99 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia S Ahmed
- California Institute of Technology, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- California Institute of Technology, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, USA
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