1
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Pichon M, Levi-Acobas F, Kitoun C, Hollenstein M. 2',3'-Protected Nucleotides as Building Blocks for Enzymatic de novo RNA Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400137. [PMID: 38403849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Besides being a key player in numerous fundamental biological processes, RNA also represents a versatile platform for the creation of therapeutic agents and efficient vaccines. The production of RNA oligonucleotides, especially those decorated with chemical modifications, cannot meet the exponential demand. Due to the inherent limits of solid-phase synthesis and in vitro transcription, alternative, biocatalytic approaches are in dire need to facilitate the production of RNA oligonucleotides. Here, we present a first step towards the controlled enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides. We have explored the possibility of a simple protection step of the vicinal cis-diol moiety to temporarily block ribonucleotides. We demonstrate that pyrimidine nucleotides protected with acetals, particularly 2',3'-O-isopropylidene, are well-tolerated by the template-independent RNA polymerase PUP (polyU polymerase) and highly efficient coupling reactions can be achieved within minutes - an important feature for the development of enzymatic de novo synthesis protocols. Even though purines are not equally well-tolerated, these findings clearly demonstrate the possibility of using cis-diol-protected ribonucleotides combined with template-independent polymerases for the stepwise construction of RNA oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Pichon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Fabienne Levi-Acobas
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Camélia Kitoun
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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2
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Li S, Wang H, Jin G, Chen Z, Gu G. Exploring the broad nucleotide triphosphate and sugar-1-phosphate specificity of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL from Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 23F. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30110-30114. [PMID: 35518267 PMCID: PMC9056299 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (Cps23FL) from Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 23F is the initial enzyme that catalyses the thymidylyl transfer reaction in prokaryotic deoxythymidine diphosphate-l-rhamnose (dTDP-Rha) biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the broad substrate specificity of Cps23FL towards six glucose-1-phosphates and nine nucleoside triphosphates as substrates was systematically explored, eventually providing access to nineteen sugar nucleotide analogs. The broad substrate specificities of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL towards nucleotide triphosphates and sugar-1-phosphates were systemically investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China .,School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University 76 Kaiyuan Road Zhumadian 463000 China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Guoxia Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University 88 Wenhua Dong Lu Jinan 250014 China
| | - Zonggang Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 China
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3
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Ruprecht C, Bartetzko MP, Senf D, Lakhina A, Smith PJ, Soto MJ, Oh H, Yang J, Chapla D, Varon Silva D, Clausen MH, Hahn MG, Moremen KW, Urbanowicz BR, Pfrengle F. A Glycan Array‐Based Assay for the Identification and Characterization of Plant Glycosyltransferases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Max P. Bartetzko
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Deborah Senf
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Anna Lakhina
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Maria J. Soto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
- Present address: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) Berkeley CA 94702 USA
| | - Hyunil Oh
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jeong‐Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Daniel Varon Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
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4
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Ruprecht C, Bartetzko MP, Senf D, Lakhina A, Smith PJ, Soto MJ, Oh H, Yang J, Chapla D, Varon Silva D, Clausen MH, Hahn MG, Moremen KW, Urbanowicz BR, Pfrengle F. A Glycan Array-Based Assay for the Identification and Characterization of Plant Glycosyltransferases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12493-12498. [PMID: 32396713 PMCID: PMC7383710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing plants with modified cell wall compositions is a promising strategy to improve resistance to pathogens, increase biomass digestibility, and tune other important properties. In order to alter biomass architecture, a detailed knowledge of cell wall structure and biosynthesis is a prerequisite. We report here a glycan array-based assay for the high-throughput identification and characterization of plant cell wall biosynthetic glycosyltransferases (GTs). We demonstrate that different heterologously expressed galactosyl-, fucosyl-, and xylosyltransferases can transfer azido-functionalized sugar nucleotide donors to selected synthetic plant cell wall oligosaccharides on the array and that the transferred monosaccharides can be visualized "on chip" by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with an alkynyl-modified dye. The opportunity to simultaneously screen thousands of combinations of putative GTs, nucleotide sugar donors, and oligosaccharide acceptors will dramatically accelerate plant cell wall biosynthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Max P. Bartetzko
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Deborah Senf
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Anna Lakhina
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Maria J. Soto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
- Present address: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI)BerkeleyCA94702USA
| | - Hyunil Oh
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Jeong‐Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Daniel Varon Silva
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 2072800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
- Present address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
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5
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Singh M, Watkinson M, Scanlan EM, Miller GJ. Illuminating glycoscience: synthetic strategies for FRET-enabled carbohydrate active enzyme probes. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are synthesised, refined and degraded by carbohydrate active enzymes. FRET is emerging as a powerful tool to monitor and quantify their activity as well as to test inhibitors as new drug candidates and monitor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
- UK
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6
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Choi J, Wagner LJS, Timmermans SBPE, Malaker SA, Schumann B, Gray MA, Debets MF, Takashima M, Gehring J, Bertozzi CR. Engineering Orthogonal Polypeptide GalNAc-Transferase and UDP-Sugar Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13442-13453. [PMID: 31373799 PMCID: PMC6813768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) glycans constitute a major part of the human glycome. They are difficult to study because of the complex interplay of 20 distinct glycosyltransferase isoenzymes that initiate this form of glycosylation, the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). Despite proven disease relevance, correlating the activity of individual GalNAc-Ts with biological function remains challenging due to a lack of tools to probe their substrate specificity in a complex biological environment. Here, we develop a "bump-hole" chemical reporter system for studying GalNAc-T activity in vitro. Individual GalNAc-Ts were rationally engineered to contain an enlarged active site (hole) and probed with a newly synthesized collection of 20 (bumped) uridine diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) analogs to identify enzyme-substrate pairs that retain peptide specificities but are otherwise completely orthogonal to native enzyme-substrate pairs. The approach was applicable to multiple GalNAc-T isoenzymes, including GalNAc-T1 and -T2 that prefer nonglycosylated peptide substrates and GalNAcT-10 that prefers a preglycosylated peptide substrate. A detailed investigation of enzyme kinetics and specificities revealed the robustness of the approach to faithfully report on GalNAc-T activity and paves the way for studying substrate specificities in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren J. S. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suzanne B. P. E. Timmermans
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Stacy A. Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Benjamin Schumann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melissa A. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marjoke F. Debets
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Megumi Takashima
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jase Gehring
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Simulescu V, Ilia G. Solid-phase Synthesis of Phosphorus Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190213112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of phosphorus-containing compounds is based mainly on the fact that the chemical process is conducted in a two-phase system. One of the components is connected via covalent bonds to a solid support, which is in general an insoluble polymer, representing the solid phase of the process. The other components involved into the process are solubilized in a solution. The method is suitable to be applied to almost any organic compounds. A common example of using solid-phase synthesis is for obtaining products nucleotide containing, similar to nucleic acids. During the whole process, the nucleotide is always on the solid phase, after the condensation reaction, except for the last step, when the synthesis is already finished. Then, the product is released and separated very easily by filtration. The obtained polymer-oligonucleotide product can participate further in condensation reactions as well. Other important biomolecules synthesized by solid-phase approach during the last decades are nucleoside di- and triphosphates, nucleoside diphosphate sugars and dinucleoside polyphosphates. Those products are precursors of deoxysugars, aminodeoxysugars, uronic acids or glycoconjugates, and are also necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis. The use of the solid-phase method in the context of immobilized oligomers is of great interest nowadays. The solid-phase synthesis offers many advantages in comparison with the conventional solution-phase method, because it takes much less time, it is highly stereoselective, the products are separated and purified usually by a simple filtration or decantation, solvents with high boiling points could be used, the whole process is based on solid polymer support and the obtained compounds should not be isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Simulescu
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bvd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Ilia
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bvd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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8
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Kopitzki S, Thiem J. Syntheses of mannopyranoside 6-thiophosphate and 6-deoxy-6-thio-mannopyranoside phosphate as ligands for affinity chromatography. Carbohydr Res 2019; 480:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Ahmadipour S, Miller GJ. Recent advances in the chemical synthesis of sugar-nucleotides. Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:95-109. [PMID: 28923409 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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10
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Pahnke K, Meier C. Synthesis of a Bioreversibly Masked Lipophilic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Derivative. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1616-1626. [PMID: 28589630 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of a bioreversibly protected lipophilic sugar nucleotide as a potential membrane-permeable precursor of adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is described. ADPR is the most potent activator of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channel. Membrane-permeable, lipophilic derivatives of ADPR are of great interest as tools for study of the mechanism of TRPM2. The approach described here was based on our recently disclosed "DiPPro" and "TriPPPro" prodrug approaches developed for the intracellular delivery of nucleotides. A lipophilic, bioreversibly masked ADPR analogue containing an enzymatically cleavable 4-pentanoyloxybenzyl (PB) mask at the phosphate moiety next to the 5'-position of adenosine, together with O-acetyl groups, was prepared in high yields. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis studies in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) were performed to assess chemical stability and possible (selective) enzymatic demasking of the ADPR analogue. HPLC-MS revealed that the PB group was readily cleaved enzymatically. In addition, the formation of partially deacetylated ADPR compounds and also of fully unprotected ADPR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pahnke
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Wohnig S, Spork AP, Koppermann S, Mieskes G, Gisch N, Jahn R, Ducho C. Total Synthesis of Dansylated Park's Nucleotide for High-Throughput MraY Assays. Chemistry 2016; 22:17813-17819. [PMID: 27791327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein translocase I (MraY) is a key enzyme in bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It is therefore frequently discussed as a target for the development of novel antibiotics. The screening of compound libraries for the identification of MraY inhibitors is enabled by an established fluorescence-based MraY assay. However, this assay requires a dansylated derivative of the bacterial biosynthetic intermediate Park's nucleotide as the MraY substrate. Isolation of Park's nucleotide from bacteria and subsequent dansylation only furnishes limited amounts of this substrate, thus hampering the high-throughput screening for MraY inhibitors. Accordingly, the efficient provision of dansylated Park's nucleotide is a major bottleneck in the exploration of this promising drug target. In this work, we present the first total synthesis of dansylated Park's nucleotide, affording an unprecedented amount of the target compound for high-throughput MraY assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wohnig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anatol P Spork
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Mieskes
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Sarac I, Meier C. Solid‐Phase Synthesis of DNA and RNA 5′‐
O
‐Triphosphates Using
cyclo
Sal Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 64:4.67.1-4.67.13. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0467s64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sarac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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13
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Gollnest T, de Oliveira TD, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Lipophilic prodrugs of nucleoside triphosphates as biochemical probes and potential antivirals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8716. [PMID: 26503889 PMCID: PMC4640093 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is often limited by ineffective phosphorylation. We report on a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) prodrug approach in which the γ-phosphate of NTPs is bioreversibly modified. A series of TriPPPro-compounds bearing two lipophilic masking units at the γ-phosphate and d4T as a nucleoside analogue are synthesized. Successful delivery of d4TTP is demonstrated in human CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell extracts by an enzyme-triggered mechanism with high selectivity. In antiviral assays, the compounds are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CD4+ T-cell (CEM) cultures. Highly lipophilic acyl residues lead to higher membrane permeability that results in intracellular delivery of phosphorylated metabolites in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM/TK− cells with higher antiviral activity than the parent nucleoside. Charged phosphorylated metabolite such as nucleoside tri-phosphates exhibit poor membrane permeability due to their high polarity, limiting their utility as drugs or cellular probes. Here the authors develop a method to render nucleoside triphosphates cell permeable and allows their release by an enzyme-triggered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gollnest
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Dinis de Oliveira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Sarac I, Meier C. Efficient Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis of DNA and RNA 5'-Triphosphates. Chemistry 2015; 21:16421-6. [PMID: 26517040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fast, high-yielding and reliable method for the synthesis of DNA- and RNA 5'-triphosphates is reported. After synthesizing DNA or RNA oligonucleotides by automated oligonucleotide synthesis, 5-chloro-saligenyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite was coupled to the 5'-end. Oxidation of the formed 5'-phosphite using the same oxidizing reagent used in standard oligonucleotide synthesis led to 5'-cycloSal-oligonucleotides. Reaction of the support-bonded 5'-cycloSal-oligonucleotide with pyrophosphate yielded the corresponding 5'-triphosphates. The 5'-triphosphorylated DNA and RNA oligonucleotides were obtained after cleavage from the support in high purity and excellent yields. The whole reaction sequence was adapted to be used on a standard oligonucleotide synthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sarac
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany).
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Höfler K, Sarac I, Meier C. Synthesis of C8-N-Arylamine-Modified 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-Triphosphates and Their Effects on Primer Extension by DNA Polymerases. Chembiochem 2015. [PMID: 26222706 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
C8-N-arylamine adducts of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) play an important role in the induction of the chemical carcinogenesis caused by aromatic amines. C8-N-acetyl-N-arylamine dG adducts that differ in their substitution pattern in the aniline moiety were converted by cycloSal technology into the corresponding C8-N-acetyl-N-arylamine-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphates and C8-NH-arylamine-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphates. Their conformation preference has been investigated by NOE spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The substrate properties of the C8-dG adducts were studied in primer-extension assays by using Klenow fragment exo(-) of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and human DNA polymerase β. It was shown that the incorporation was independent of the substitution pattern in the aryl moiety and the N-acetyl group. Although the triphosphates were poor substrates for the human polymerases, they were incorporated twice before the termination of the elongation process occurred; this might demonstrate the importance of C8-N-arylamine-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphates in chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Höfler
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Sarac
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Seelhorst K, Piernitzki T, Lunau N, Meier C, Hahn U. Synthesis and analysis of potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6430-7. [PMID: 25438767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of l-fucose from an activated GDP-β-l-fucose to various acceptor molecules such as N-acetyllactosamine. Frequently fucosylation is the final step within the glycosylation machinery, and the resulting glycans are involved in various cellular processes such as cell-cell recognition, adhesion and inflammation or tumor metastasis. The selective blocking of these interactions would thus be a potential promising therapeutic strategy. The syntheses and analyses of various potential α1,3-fucosyltransferase inhibitors derived from GDP-β-l-fucose containing a triazole linker unit is summarized and the observed inhibitory effect was compared with that of small molecules such as GDP or fucose. To examine their specificity and selectivity, all inhibitors were tested with human α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, which is to date the only α1,3-fucosyltransferase with a known high resolution structure. Specific inhibitors which inhibit either H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase or human fucosyltransferase IX with Ki values in the micromolar range were identified. In that regard, acetylated GDP-galactose derivative Ac-3 turned out to inhibit H. pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase but not human fucosyltransferase IX, whereas GDP-6-amino-β-l-fucose 17 showed an appreciably better inhibitory effect on fucosyltransferase IX activity than on that of H. pylori fucosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Seelhorst
- Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Piernitzki
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Lunau
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Hahn
- Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Pertenbreiter F, Balzarini J, Meier C. Nucleoside mono- and diphosphate prodrugs of 2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrouridine. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:94-106. [PMID: 25209965 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite their close structural similarity to nucleoside analogues such as the anti-HIV drugs AZT and d4T, 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (ddU) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrouridine (d4U) are entirely inactive against HIV in their nucleoside form. However, it has been shown that the corresponding triphosphates of these two nucleosides can effectively block HIV reverse transcriptase. Herein we report on two types of nucleotide prodrugs (cycloSal and DiPPro nucleotides) of ddU and d4U to investigate their ability to overcome insufficient intracellular phosphorylation, which may be the reason behind their low anti-HIV activity. The release of the corresponding mono- and diphosphates from these compounds was demonstrated by hydrolysis studies in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and human CD4 (+) T-lymphocyte CEM cell extracts. Surprisingly, however, these compounds showed low or no anti-HIV activity in tests with human CD4 (+) T-lymphocyte CEM cells. Studies of the conversion of ddUDP and d4UDP into their triphosphate metabolites by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) showed nearly no conversion of either diphosphate, which may be the reason for low intracellular triphosphate levels that result in low antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pertenbreiter
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
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Huchting J, Meier C. Synthesis of Pyranonucleoside-6′-triphosphates through thecycloSal-Method. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lunau N, Seelhorst K, Kahl S, Tscherch K, Stacke C, Rohn S, Thiem J, Hahn U, Meier C. Fluorescently Labeled Substrates for Monitoring α1,3‐Fucosyltransferase IX Activity. Chemistry 2013; 19:17379-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lunau
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐5592
| | - Katrin Seelhorst
- Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐2848
| | - Stefanie Kahl
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐5592
| | - Kathrin Tscherch
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Christina Stacke
- Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐2848
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Joachim Thiem
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐5592
| | - Ulrich Hahn
- Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐2848
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Hamburg University, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 40‐42838‐5592
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Huchting J, Ruthenbeck A, Meier C. Synthesis ofcycloSal-(Glycopyranosyl-6)-phosphates as Activated Sugar Phosphates. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Wolf S, Warnecke S, Ehrit J, Freiberger F, Gerardy-Schahn R, Meier C. Chemical synthesis and enzymatic testing of CMP-sialic acid derivatives. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2605-15. [PMID: 23129454 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cycloSal approach has been used in the past for the synthesis of a range of phosphorylated bioconjugates. In those reports, cycloSal nucleotides were allowed to react with different phosphate nucleophiles. With glycopyranosyl phosphates as nucleophiles, diphosphate-linked sugar nucleotides were formed. Here, cycloSal-nucleotides were used to prepare monophosphate-linked sugar nucleotides successfully in high anomeric purity and high chemical yield. The method was successfully used for the synthesis of three nucleotide glycopyranoses as model compounds. The method was then applied to the syntheses of CMP-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids (CMP-Neu5NAc) and of four derivatives with different modifications at their amino functions (N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, N-pentanoyl and N-cyclopropylcarbonyl). The compounds were used for initial enzymatic studies with a bacterial polysialyltransferase (polyST). Surprisingly, the enzyme showed marked differences in terms of utilisation of the four derivatives. The N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, and N-pentanoyl derivatives were efficiently used in a first transfer with a fluorescently labelled trisialo-acceptor. However, elongation of the resulting tetrasialo-acceptors worsened progressively with the size of the N-acyl chain. The N-pentanoyl derivative allowed a single transfer, leading to a capped tetramer. The N-cyclopropylcarbonyl derivative was not transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wolf
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Zou L, Zheng RB, Lowary TL. Studies on the substrate specificity of a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1219-26. [PMID: 23019451 PMCID: PMC3458741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of methoxy and deoxy derivatives of mannopyranose-1-phosphate (Manp-1P) were chemically synthesized, and their ability to be converted into the corresponding guanosine diphosphate mannopyranose (GDP-Manp) analogues by a pyrophosphorylase (GDP-ManPP) from Salmonella enterica was studied. Evaluation of methoxy analogues demonstrated that GDP-ManPP is intolerant of bulky substituents at the C-2, C-3, and C-4 positions, in turn suggesting that these positions are buried inside the enzyme active site. Additionally, both the 6-methoxy and 6-deoxy Manp-1P derivatives are good or moderate substrates for GDP-ManPP, thus indicating that the C-6 hydroxy group of the Manp-1P substrate is not required for binding to the enzyme. When taken into consideration with other previously published work, it appears that this enzyme has potential utility for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of GDP-Manp analogues, which are useful probes for studying enzymes that employ this sugar nucleotide as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Mohamady S, Desoky A, Taylor SD. Sulfonyl imidazolium salts as reagents for the rapid and efficient synthesis of nucleoside polyphosphates and their conjugates. Org Lett 2011; 14:402-5. [PMID: 22188478 DOI: 10.1021/ol203178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for the synthesis of nucleoside polyphosphates and their conjugates using sulfonylimidazolium salts as key reagents is described. The procedure is rapid and high yielding, does not require prior protection and subsequent deprotection of the donors or acceptors, and can be used to activate nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates, and a wide variety of acceptors and donors can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mohamady
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522
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Holkenbrink A, Koester DC, Kaschel J, Werz DB. Total Synthesis of α-Linked Rha-Rha-Gal Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Found in Geobacillus stearothermophilus. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Wolf S, Berrio RM, Meier C. Synthesis of Nonnatural Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tonn VC, Meier C. Solid-phase synthesis of (poly)phosphorylated nucleosides and conjugates. Chemistry 2011; 17:9832-42. [PMID: 21766366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Succinyl-cycloSal-phosphate triesters of ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides were attached to aminomethyl polystyrene as an insoluble solid support and reacted with phosphate-containing nucleophiles yielding nucleoside di- and triphosphates, nucleoside diphosphate sugars, and dinucleoside polyphosphates in high purity after cleavage from the solid support. Here, reactive cycloSal-phosphate triesters were used as immobilized reagents that led to a generally applicable method for the efficient synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules and phosphate-bridged bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Caroline Tonn
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Huhta E, Parjanen A, Mikkola S. A kinetic study on the chemical cleavage of nucleoside diphosphate sugars. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:696-703. [PMID: 20138257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate sugars serve in essential roles in metabolic processes. They have, therefore, been used in mechanistic studies on glycosylation reactions, and their analogues have been synthesised as enzyme and receptor inhibitors. Despite extensive biochemical research, little is known about their chemical reactions. In the present work the chemical cleavage of two different types of nucleoside diphosphate sugars has been studied. UDP-Glc is phosphorylated at the anomeric carbon, whereas in ADP-Rib C-1 is unsubstituted, allowing hence the equilibrium between cyclic hemiacetal and acyclic carbonyl forms. Due to the structural difference, these substrates react via different pathways under slightly alkaline conditions: while UDP-Glc reacts exclusively by a nucleophilic attack of a glucose hydroxyl group on the diphosphate moiety, ADP-Rib undergoes a complex reaction sequence that involves isomerisation processes of the acyclic ribose sugar and results in a release of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Huhta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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