1
|
Kamebuchi H, Makino R, Hiruma K, Tomura K, Tadokoro M. Covalently Linked 5,6,11,12-Tetraazanaphthacene Dimer and Its Triptycene-Capped Derivatives as Electron Acceptors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400632. [PMID: 38924204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of electron transport and n-type materials is still largely dominated by a limited number of organic semiconductors, with fullerenes at the forefront. In contrast, substantial progress has been made in developing hole transport and p-type materials. Therefore, expanding the range of electron acceptors, making them solution-processable, and elucidating their structural arrangement by X-ray crystallography is essential. We synthesised 2,2'-bi-(5,6,11,12-tetraazanaphthacene) (bi-TANC) and its triptycene end-capped derivative, 2,2'-bi(8,13-dihydro-8,13-[1,2]benzenonaphtho-5,6,15,16-tetraazanaphthacene) (bi-TpTANC), as electron acceptors. Bi-TANC exhibits a herringbone-like crystal packing with intermolecular π-π overlap, which is observed in typical organic n-type semiconductors. However, it showed poor solubility, similar to larger acenes. In contrast, bi-TpTANC exhibited favourable solubility, and its electrochemistry in solution was investigated. In the cyclic voltammogram of bi-TpTANC, reversible redox waves corresponding to 3-step/4-electron transfer were observed at -0.795 V (1e-), -0.927 V (1e-), and -1.44 V (2e-) as half-wave potentials. The redox wave associated with the two-electron transfer on the negative low-potential side indicates the presence of through-bond charge delocalisation in the monoanionic state. Furthermore, the LUMO level of bi-TpTANC is -4.1 eV, which indicates its potential as a promising air-stable n-type material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kamebuchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3-25-40, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Rintaro Makino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Tomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng ER, Burke AM, Dibble DJ, Kc CB, Kurakake R, Liu P, Lopez R, Dennison PR, Gorodetsky AA. An aza-Diels-Alder approach to nitrogen-containing tetrabenzoacene derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28475-28486. [PMID: 39247507 PMCID: PMC11378750 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acenes and N-heteroacenes have been synthesized and studied for over a century because of their fundamentally interesting materials properties and promise for device applications. Within this context, our laboratory has previously synthesized nitrogen-containing tetrabenzo[de,hi,op,st]pentacenes via an aza-Diels-Alder reaction-based approach, and herein, we expand our methodology to obtain substituted, expanded, functionalized, and dimeric tetrabenzoacenes. Overall, our study adds to the limited number of tetrabenzoacene derivatives reported to date and may open further opportunities for these materials in organic optoelectronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Anthony M Burke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - David J Dibble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Chandra B Kc
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Philip R Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. How to Stabilize Large Soluble (Hetero-)Acenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16937-16949. [PMID: 38862130 PMCID: PMC11212629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The higher acenes and azaacenes (>(aza)heptacenes) are fascinating, yet elusive materials. Their reactivity and sensitivity increases concomitantly with their size. In recent years, confinement techniques, that is isolation of acenes in matrices and on surfaces, has surpassed solution-based chemistry with respect to accessing the larger (hetero)acenes at the price of the accessibility of no more than a couple thousands of molecules. Isolating acenes in bulk quantities and in processable form is vital for applications in organic electronics as well as from a viewpoint from basic research. In this Perspective, we will discuss after a short historical outline their degradation pathways, and then will selectively highlight recent efforts in stabilizing soluble (aza)acenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freudenberg
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Assaad TH, McGrath DV. Nonsymmetric Pyrene-Fused Pyrazaacenes via Green Oxidation of 2,7-Di- tert-butylpyrene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1989-1992. [PMID: 38232773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a four-step oxidize-condense-oxidize-condense synthesis pathway to prepare nonsymmetric pyrene-fused pyrazaacenes (PPAs) using our recently discovered oxidation conditions for 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene. The new pathway results in marked improvements in yields and simplifies purification as compared with the sequential condensation strategy previously employed to make these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek H El-Assaad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dengiz C. Biphenylene-containing polycyclic conjugated compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1895-1911. [PMID: 38116241 PMCID: PMC10729107 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing emphasis on the synthesis of polycyclic conjugated compounds, driven by their distinct structural characteristics that make them valuable candidates for use in cutting-edge technologies. In particular, acenes, a subgroup of polycyclic aromatic compounds, are sought-after synthetic targets due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties which stem from their π-conjugation and planar structure. Despite all these promising characteristics, acenes exhibit significant stability problems when their conjugation enhances. Various approaches have been developed to address this stability concern. Among these strategies, one involves the incorporation of the biphenylene unit into acene frameworks, limiting the electron delocalization through the antiaromatic four-membered ring. This review gives a brief overview of the methods used in the synthesis of biphenylenes and summarizes the recent studies on biphenylene-containing polycyclic conjugated compounds, elucidating their synthesis, and distinct optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metzler M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Wagner M. B 2,N 4-Doped Heptacenes: Ambipolar Charge-Transfer Compounds with Deep LUMO Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23824-23831. [PMID: 37862629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The B2,N4-doped heptacene H4 in which two N,N'-dihydrophenazine units are linked by two BMes bridges (Mes = mesityl) was synthesized via fourfold Buchwald-Hartwig coupling between 2,3,6,7-tetrachloro-9,10-dimesityl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracene and o-phenylenediamine (tBuXPhos-Pd-G3, DBU/NaOTf, 2-MeTHF, 50 °C, 16 h). Upon exposure to ambient air, H4 is oxidized to its N,N'-dihydro form H2; further oxidation with MnO2 furnishes the di(phenazine) derivative H0. Stirring under a blanket of H2 in the presence of Pd/C hydrogenates H0 back to H2 and ultimately H4. Yellow-colored H0 is a remarkably good electron acceptor with a LUMO-energy level of -3.9 eV; upon irradiation with a 405 nm LED in the presence of THF or 1,4-cyclohexadiene, H0 accepts two H atoms to furnish H2. One-electron reduction of H0 yields the isolable radical-anion salt Li[H0] (lithium naphthalenide, THF, -30 °C to rt). The ambipolar compounds H2 and H4 possess a navy blue and deep purple color, respectively, due to charge-transfer interactions from the electron-rich N,N'-dihydrophenazine donor(s) to the electron-accepting B2C4 core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Metzler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kreuzer F, Aubele A, Mena‐Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Synthesis and Reactivity of Dithienopyrazines**. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kreuzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Mattson Thermal Products GmbH 89160 Dornstadt Germany
| | - Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Elena Mena‐Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang XJ, Liu H, Zhang K, Yang D, Pan ZH, Wang CK, Fung MK, Ma D, Fan J. Using azaacene as an acceptor unit to construct an ultraefficient red fluorophore with an EQE over 40. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:938-944. [PMID: 36598032 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Azaacenes, which have been known for a long time, are of scientific and practical importance in organic electronics. Azaacenes once shone as the luminophore in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, due to the low exciton utilization efficiency and/or the aggregation induced quenching (ACQ) effect, N-heteroacene based OLEDs generally showed inferior device performance. In this work, azaacene has been revisited and applied as an acceptor for a red fluorophore (AZA-TPA), where the judicious connection pattern between donor and acceptor maximized the harvest of singlet and triplet excitons, resulting in a high photoluminescence efficiency of 94.6% in doped films (3 wt%). In addition, the linearly-fused polycyclic structure contributed to a high horizontal emitting dipole ratio (Θ‖ = 90%). As a result, an AZA-TPA-based OLED achieved an unprecedented external quantum efficiency of 41.30% at 610 nm. This work will pave a new path for the development of efficient N-heteroacene-based fluorophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ze-Hui Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Man-Keung Fung
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xi J, Xue R, Li X, Lin Y, Peng G, Wang J, You S, Xu C, Zhang H, Chi L. Highly Selective On-Surface [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Induced by Hierarchical Metal-Organic Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1585-1591. [PMID: 36748856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis of phenylenes is a promising strategy to form extended π-conjugated frameworks but normally lacks selectivity in achieving uniform products. Herein we demonstrate that the debromination reaction of 2,3-dibromophenazine (DBPZ) on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces can vary significantly considering the involvement of metal-organic hybrids (MOHs). On Au(111), [2 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions facilitate instantaneously upon the debromination occurring, while on Ag(111), several MOHs have been observed under sequential thermal annealing, leading to finally the uniform [2 + 2] cycloaddition product exclusively. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and bond-resolved atomic force microscopy (BR-AFM), we have unambiguously depicted the chemical structure of related reaction intermediates and unraveled the undocumented role of hierarchical evolution of MOHs in steering the chemical selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guyue Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sifan You
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heckershoff R, Eberle L, Richert N, Delavier C, Bruckschlegel M, Schäfer MR, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Versatile access to nitrogen-rich π-extended indolocarbazoles via a Pictet–Spengler approach. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A bidirectional Pictet-Spengler Reaction allows easy access to nitrogen-rich aromatics with seven fused rings. Photophysical measurements and computational methods show significant differences to parent N-heteropolycycles with fewer nitrogen atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nick Richert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Delavier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bruckschlegel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz R. Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maier S, Heckershoff R, Hippchen N, Brödner K, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Hashmi ASK, Bunz UHF. Substituted Cyclopentannulated Tetraazapentacenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201842. [PMID: 35983676 PMCID: PMC9826220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brominated pentannulated dihydrotetraazapentacenes were prepared by gold- or palladium-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of TIPS-ethynylated dihydrotetraazaacenes (TIPS = triisopropylsilyl). Post-functionalization was demonstrated by Sonogashira alkynylation and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation. Calculations predict these species to act as n-type semiconductors, which was verified for two derivates through characterization in organic field-effect transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kerstin Brödner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Noh HJ, Chung S, Okyay MS, Im YK, Kim SW, Kweon DH, Jeon JP, Seo JM, Kim NH, Yu SY, Reo Y, Noh YY, Kang B, Park N, Mahmood J, Cho K, Baek JB. Hydrophenazine-linked two-dimensional ladder-type crystalline fused aromatic network with high charge transport. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Fujimoto K, Sasaki K, Yamagishi S, Inuzuka T, Sanada K, Sakamoto M, Takahashi M. 7,12‐Dihydrobenzo[de]indolo[3,2‐b]quinoline: Unique Reactivity and Redox Interconversion. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Shizuoka Daigaku Faculty of Engineering 3-5-1 johoku nakaku 432-8561 hamamatsu JAPAN
| | | | | | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Gifu University: Gifu Daigaku Division of Instrumental Analysis JAPAN
| | - Kazutaka Sanada
- Chiba University: Chiba Daigaku Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology JAPAN
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Chiba University: Chiba Daigaku Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology JAPAN
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis of oligoacenes using precursors for evaluation of their electronic structures. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1511-1532. [PMID: 35670917 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, which are hydrocarbons comprising linearly fused benzene rings, have attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic structures and utility as organic electronic materials. However, the ease with which oligoacenes undergo oxidation increases with the number of linearly fused benzene rings owing to the increased energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital. The synthesis of naked oligoacenes with seven or more benzene rings is difficult because their open-shell structure renders them unstable. The recent development of a precursor method has enabled the in situ synthesis of oligoacenes under specific conditions and the spectroscopic observation of oligoacene in single crystals, in film matrices and under cryogenic conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions have also made significant advances in the study of oligoacenes and oligoazaacenes. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of oligoacenes using precursors, with a particular focus on the chemical structures, synthesis, and reactivity of the precursors. The electronic properties of oligoacenes are also discussed in relation to the number of fused benzene rings, including their energy levels and spin states. These results will contribute to the synthesis and development of carbon nanomaterials with applications in the field of organic electronics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wesp T, Bruckhoff T, Petry J, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Towards Nitrogen‐Rich N‐Heteropolycycles: Synthesis of Octaazaperopyrenes (OAPP). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200129. [PMID: 35137989 PMCID: PMC9306853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ortho substituted octaazaperopyrenes (OAPPs) are a new class of functional dyes characterized by their strong electron‐accepting behavior. Herein, the synthesis, as well as the electrochemical and photo physical properties of an OAPP dye, is reported. The OAPP target was prepared via selective nucleophilic substitution at the peri position of a bay chlorinated tetraazaperylene by introduction of four amino‐substituents. The resulting tetraminoperylene was reacted with different acyl chlorides and anhydrides to give the twisted bay chlorinated OAPP derivatives which were isolated in their reduced dihydro‐form. The OAPP target could be obtained via a palladium catalyzed dehalogenation and a subsequent oxidation. The eightfold isosteric [CH→N] replacement within the peropyrene core structure results in a large decrease of the frontier orbital energies, rendering the target compound a potent oxidant while preserving the planarity of the aromatic core. The radical anion was obtained by reduction of the OAPP with KC8 and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. A general discussion of the number and location of [CH→N] replacements in peropyrene structures and their frontier orbital energies is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wesp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tim Bruckhoff
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Julian Petry
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hirano M, Okada H, Hayasaka C, Komine N, Kiyota S, Nakano K. Dibenzo[ d, d′]benzo[2,1- b:3,4- b′]difurans with extended π-conjugated chains: synthetic approaches and properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ru-Catalysed reaction of 3,8-di(hexyn-1-yl)dibenzo[d,d']benzo[2,1-b,3,4-b′]difuran [3,8-di(hexyn-1-yl)-DBBDF] with 2 equivalents of methyl (E)-penta-2,4-dienoate produces 3,8-bis[(1E,3E,5E)-2-butyl-6-methoxycarbonylhexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl]-DBBDF (9a).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Harumi Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chikara Hayasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sayori Kiyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghosh A, Li T, Ni W, Wu T, Liang C, Budanovic M, Morris SA, Klein M, Webster RD, Gurzadyan GG, Grimsdale AC. Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Isomeric Dibenzophenanthroline Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ghosh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Caihong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Maja Budanovic
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Samuel A. Morris
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Maciej Klein
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Gagik G. Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrew C. Grimsdale
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahrens L, Maier S, Misselwitz E, Oeser T, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. TIPS-Ethynylated Naphthodiquinoline and Naphthodiacridine: Novel Diazabisacenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10569-10573. [PMID: 33938059 PMCID: PMC8362069 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two diazabisacenes is reported. A bisboronated naphthalene was Suzuki‐coupled to substituted ethyl nicotinates, then cyclized by intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation. The resulting diketones were alkynylated and reduced to give the title compounds, bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐substituted naphtha[1,8‐gh:5,4‐g′h′]diquinoline and naphtho[1,8‐bc:5,4‐b′c′]diacridine. Nitrogen incorporation stabilizes the bisacenes with respect to oxidation compared to their consanguine nonaza analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
First-principles investigation of electronic and charge transport properties of pyrazinacenes and their structural relatives. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Isoda K, Orita Y. Stimuli-responsive Behaviors for Room-temperature Fluorescent Liquid Materials based on N-Heteroacenes and their Mixtures in Response to HCl Vapor and their Facile Synthesis. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:469-477. [PMID: 33162419 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scp05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on stimuli-responsive behaviors for room temperature fluorescent liquid materials based on N-heteroacene frameworks in response to HCl vapor. These liquid materials as well as their mixtures prepared by varying the combination can provide various emission colors and stimuli-responsive properties in liquid states. Also, we achieved an improvement in total synthetic yield (>40%) by redesigning the molecular structures of liquid materials as compared to previous liquid materials (<10%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University.,Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Yuya Orita
- Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deng G, Liu T, Wang Y, Liu B, Tan Q, Xu B. α‐Iminonitriles: Composite Functional Groups for Functionalization of Pyrene. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guigang Deng
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamebuchi H, Kobayashi Y, Mutoh K, Nakajima S, Enomoto Y, Tadokoro M. Synthesis of Pyridine-fused 5,6,11,12-Tetraazanaphthacene as a Bis-bidentate Ligand and Electrochemistry of a Ruthenium(II) Dinuclear Complex. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kamebuchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kento Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Saki Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuta Enomoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baumgärtner K, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Elbert SM, Dreuw A, Mastalerz M. Homoconjugation and Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Extended Aromatic Triptycenes with Different π-Planes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15256-15272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baumgärtner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität-Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao L, Ge X, Zuo Z, Wang F, Liu X, Lv M, Shi S, Xu L, Liu T, Zhou Q, Ye X, Xiao S. High Quality Pyrazinoquinoxaline-Based Graphdiyne for Efficient Gradient Storage of Lithium Ions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7333-7341. [PMID: 32881527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-doping of graphdiyne with atomic precision is very important for the study of heteroatom doping effect and the structure-properties relationships of graphdiyne. Here we report the bottom-up synthesis and characterizations of high-quality pyrazinoquinoxaline-based graphdiyne (PQ-GDY) film. First-principle studies of the layered structure were performed to examine the stacking mode, lithium binding affinity, and bulk lithium storage capacity. Three-stage insertion of 14 lithium atoms with binding affinities in the order of pyrazine nitrogen > diyne carbon > central aromatic ring were confirmed by both lithium-ion half-cell measurements and DFT calculations. More than half of the lithium atoms preferentially bind to pyrazine nitrogen, and a reversible capacity of 570.0 mA h g-1 at a current density of 200 mA g-1 after 800 cycles was achieved. Such a high capacity utilization rate of 97.2% provides a good case study of N-doped GDY with atomic precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Xun Ge
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Lv
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Lanting Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu J, Wu X, Liu L, Ding Y, Li Y, Fang Y, Chen Y, Wu Q, Song Y. Investigation of ultrafast multi-photon absorption and optical limiting response in a pyrazine-based N-heteroacene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Ji L, Shi J, Wei J, Yu T, Huang W. Air-Stable Organic Radicals: New-Generation Materials for Flexible Electronics? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908015. [PMID: 32583945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, air-stable organic radicals and radical polymers have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding performance in flexible electronic devices, including transistors, batteries, light-emitting diodes, thermoelectric and photothermal conversion devices, and among many others. The main issue of radicals from laboratory studies to real-world applications is that the number of known air-stable radicals is very limited, and the radicals that have been used as materials are even less. Here, the known and newly developed air-stable organic radicals are summarized, generalizing the way of observing air-stable radicals. The special electric and photophysical properties of organic radicals and radical polymers are interpreted, which give radicals a wide scope for various of potential applications. Finally, the exciting applications of radicals that have been achieved in flexible electronic devices are summarized. The aim herein is to highlight the recent achievements in radicals in chemistry, materials science, and flexible electronics, and further bridge the gap between these three disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Junqing Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tan ML, Tong S, Hou SK, You J, Wang MX. Copper-Catalyzed N,N-Diarylation of Amides for the Construction of 9,10-Dihydroacridine Structure and Applications in the Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen-Embedded Polyacenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:5417-5422. [PMID: 32588635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported herein CuI/DMEDA catalyzed N,N-diarylation reaction of amides with various di(o-bromoaryl)methanes to produce diverse 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives. The resulting 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives were oxidized selectively under mild conditions to afford acridine, acridinone, and acridinium derivatives. The copper-catalyzed N,N-diarylation reaction coupled with oxidative aromatization reaction enabled the facile construction of nitrogen atom-embedded tetracenes and pentacenes of different ortho-fused patterns. The luminescence properties, especially the effect of fusion pattern on fluorescence emission of acquired N-polycenes, were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingsong You
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen C, Ruan H, Feng Z, Fang Y, Tang S, Zhao Y, Tan G, Su Y, Wang X. Crystalline Diradical Dianions of Pyrene-Fused Azaacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11794-11799. [PMID: 32304152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although diradicals and azaacenes have been greatly attractive in fundamental chemistry and functional materials, the isolable diradical dianions of azaacenes are still unknown. Herein, we describe the first isolation of pyrene-fused azaacene diradical dianion salts [(18-c-6)K(THF)2 ]+ [(18-c-6)K]+ ⋅12-.. and [(18-c-6)K(THF)]2+ ⋅22-.. by reduction of the neutral pyrene-fused azaacene derivatives 1 and 2 with excess potassium graphite in THF in the presence of 18-crown-6. Their electronic structures were investigated by various experiments, in conjunction with theoretical calculations. It was found that both dianions are open-shell singlets in the ground state and their triplet states are thermally readily accessible owing to the small singlet-triplet energy gap. This work provides the first examples of crystalline diradical dianions of azaacenes with considerable diradical character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen C, Ruan H, Feng Z, Fang Y, Tang S, Zhao Y, Tan G, Su Y, Wang X. Crystalline Diradical Dianions of Pyrene‐Fused Azaacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Partial substitution of CH groups in the skeletons of linearly fused phenyl rings
provides an appreciable possibility to tailor their properties. Among them, azaacenes induced
from a partial substitution of oligoacenes by nitrogen are one of the most promising
derivatives with a view of their potential application in organic electronic devices as a
novel organic n-type semiconductor. Hence this review focuses on recent progress in the
synthesis of azaacenes and their applications beyond organic field-effect transistors
(OFETs) such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), phototransistors, photoelectrical
chemical cells, organic memory, solar cells, conductors and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Wu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Lv
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Yu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University 324000, Quzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuan Y, Lo KC, Szeto L, Chan WK. Synthesis of Pyrazinopyrazine-Fused Azaacenes through Direct Condensation Reactions between Quinoxalinediamine and Diketones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6372-6379. [PMID: 32312048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new type of pyrazinopyrazine-fused azaacene molecules by a simple and versatile procedure. 6,9-Dihexyldithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3-diamine was synthesized through the condensation between 2,7-dihexylbenzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-diamine and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) oximidate. A series of derivatized molecules with extended two-dimensional aromatic fused-ring structures could be obtained by simple condensation reactions between the quinoxalinediamine intermediate and various diketones. The reaction was proved to be effective for the construction of tetrazaacene derivatives with extended heterocyclic aromatic ring systems. The molecules obtained exhibit low-lying LUMO levels that can be fine-tuned by modifying the molecular structure. Crystallographic results showed that in a solid state, the molecules form "brick wall" structures with a close π-π stacking mode. The stacking between the π-ring systems in the molecules could be further enhanced by expanding the large 2D planar-conjugated structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kin-Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lap Szeto
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wai-Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lischka H, Shepard R, Müller T, Szalay PG, Pitzer RM, Aquino AJA, Araújo do Nascimento MM, Barbatti M, Belcher LT, Blaudeau JP, Borges I, Brozell SR, Carter EA, Das A, Gidofalvi G, González L, Hase WL, Kedziora G, Kertesz M, Kossoski F, Machado FBC, Matsika S, do Monte SA, Nachtigallová D, Nieman R, Oppel M, Parish CA, Plasser F, Spada RFK, Stahlberg EA, Ventura E, Yarkony DR, Zhang Z. The generality of the GUGA MRCI approach in COLUMBUS for treating complex quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:134110. [PMID: 32268762 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The core part of the program system COLUMBUS allows highly efficient calculations using variational multireference (MR) methods in the framework of configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MR-CISD) and averaged quadratic coupled-cluster calculations (MR-AQCC), based on uncontracted sets of configurations and the graphical unitary group approach (GUGA). The availability of analytic MR-CISD and MR-AQCC energy gradients and analytic nonadiabatic couplings for MR-CISD enables exciting applications including, e.g., investigations of π-conjugated biradicaloid compounds, calculations of multitudes of excited states, development of diabatization procedures, and furnishing the electronic structure information for on-the-fly surface nonadiabatic dynamics. With fully variational uncontracted spin-orbit MRCI, COLUMBUS provides a unique possibility of performing high-level calculations on compounds containing heavy atoms up to lanthanides and actinides. Crucial for carrying out all of these calculations effectively is the availability of an efficient parallel code for the CI step. Configuration spaces of several billion in size now can be treated quite routinely on standard parallel computer clusters. Emerging developments in COLUMBUS, including the all configuration mean energy multiconfiguration self-consistent field method and the graphically contracted function method, promise to allow practically unlimited configuration space dimensions. Spin density based on the GUGA approach, analytic spin-orbit energy gradients, possibilities for local electron correlation MR calculations, development of general interfaces for nonadiabatic dynamics, and MRCI linear vibronic coupling models conclude this overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Ron Shepard
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Péter G Szalay
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Russell M Pitzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Lachlan T Belcher
- Laser and Optics Research Center, Department of Physics, US Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA
| | | | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Scott R Brozell
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Emily A Carter
- Office of the Chancellor and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951405, Los Angeles, California 90095-1405, USA
| | - Anita Das
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Gergely Gidofalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258, USA
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Gary Kedziora
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057-1227, USA
| | | | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carol A Parish
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Rene F K Spada
- Departamento de Física, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric A Stahlberg
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - David R Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Stanford Research Computing Center, Stanford University, 255 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Günther BAR, Höfener S, Eichelmann R, Zschieschang U, Wadepohl H, Klauk H, Gade LH. Perhalogenated Tetraazaperopyrenes and Their Corresponding Mono- and Dianions. Org Lett 2020; 22:2298-2302. [PMID: 32118454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination and bromination of 2,9-perfluoropropyl-substituted tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) under forcing conditions resulted in fully core-halogenated TAPP derivatives, devoid of hydrogen atoms at the polycyclic aromatic core. The octahalogenation stabilized the reduced mono- and dianionic compounds sufficiently to allow for their characterization. The additional ortho-chlorination led to an improvement of the electron mobility compared to the bay-substituted tetrachloro-TAPP when employed as an n-channel semiconductor in thin-film transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A R Günther
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Eichelmann
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahrens L, Butscher J, Brosius V, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Vaynzof Y, Bunz UHF. Azaacene Dimers: Acceptor Materials with a Twist. Chemistry 2020; 26:412-418. [PMID: 31657859 PMCID: PMC6973103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of five spiro-linked azaacene dimers is reported and their properties are compared to that of their monomers. Dimerization quenches emission of the longer (≥(hetero)tetracenes) derivatives and furnishes amorphous thin-films, the absorption is not affected. The larger derivatives were tested as acceptors in bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xie G, Brosius V, Han J, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Stable Radical Cations of N,N'-Diarylated Dihydrodiazapentacenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:160-164. [PMID: 31538683 PMCID: PMC6973034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoidal N,N'-diaryldiaza-N,N'-dihydropentacenes (Quino) was prepared in a two-step reaction, starting from quinacridone. Oxidation of Quino furnishes stable radical cations, isoelectronic to the radical anions of the azaacenes, whereas the dicationic species are isoelectronic to neutral azapentacenes. The spectroscopic properties of the diaryldiazapentacenes and their oxidized mono- and dications are equivalent to that of the dianion of tetraazapentacene (TAP), its radical anion and the neutral TAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhan Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- InnovationLabSpeyerer Str. 469115HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Szyszko B, Dróżdż D, Sarwa A, Mucha SG, Białońska A, Białek MJ, Matczyszyn K, Latos-Grażyński L. An exocyclic π-system extension of the phenanthriporphyrin framework: towards azaaceneporphyrinoids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00436g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An exocyclic π-extension of phenanthriporphyrin reduces the macrocyclic antiaromaticity of the formed expanded carbaporphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Damian Dróżdż
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sarwa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Sebastian G. Mucha
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
- UMR5221
- University of Montpellier – CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Neri JM, Cavalcanti LN, Araújo RM, Menezes FG. 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline as a versatile building block for heteroaromatic nucleophilic substitution: A review of the last decade. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
38
|
Chou TC, Cheng JF, Gholap AR, Huang JJK, Chen JC, Huang JK, Tseng JC. Aromatization-driven Grob-fragmentation approach toward polyazaacenes. Synthesis and amination of multi-functionalized diazapentacenes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Hoffmann M, Mewes SA, Wieland S, Popp C, Dreuw A. Electron-Hole Correlation as Unambiguous and Universal Classification for the Nature of Low-Lying ππ* States of Nitrogen Heterocycles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6112-6117. [PMID: 31573203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 1La and 1Lb classification of electronically excited states of cata-condensed hydrocarbons proposed by Platt in 1949 ( Platt , J. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1949 , 17 , 484 ) is challenged by investigating a series of N-heteronaphthalenes and comparison of their low-lying ππ* excited states to those of naphthalene. The breakdown of Platt's classification scheme for N-heterocycles is highlighted, and a reliable and versatile alternative using exciton analyses is presented. The strength of electron-hole correlation turns out to be the most reliable distinguishing feature, and thus, an alternative nomenclature of 1Lw (weakly correlated) and 1Ls (strongly correlated) is proposed. Furthermore, fundamental guidelines for their property modulation through N-atom substitution patterns are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefanie A Mewes
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Studies , Massey University Albany , Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0632 , New Zealand
| | - Sonja Wieland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christoph Popp
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Isoda K, Takahashi H, Mutoh Y, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T. One-dimensional single-helix coordination polymer self-assembled by a crown-ether appended-N-heteroacene radical anion. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13125-13129. [PMID: 31386724 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A crown-ether appended N-heteroacene 1 was reduced in the presence of NaBPh4 to the radical anion 2 by accepting one electron transferred from both the cathode and BPh4- as a reductant. The obtained radical anion 2 can function as a radical anion ligand to bridge two sodium ions to self-assemble into one-dimensional helical coordination polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan. and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan and Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hinako Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Isoda K, Matsuzaka M, Sugaya T, Yasuda T, Tadokoro M. Synthesis and electrochromic behavior of a multi-electron redox-active N-heteroheptacenequinone. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7884-7890. [PMID: 31287489 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel N-heteroheptacenequinone derivative (C6OAHCQ) as a large π-conjugated framework. C6OAHCQ shows good electron-accepting behaviour owing to eight electron-deficient imino-N atoms and two carbonyl moieties and excellent solubility in common organic solvents. When a potential between 0 and -2.20 V is applied, C6OAHCQ is able to accept four electrons, which is more than fullerene C60 (three electrons) could accept in this voltage range. Moreover, a solution of C6OAHCQ and nBu4NPF6 in CH2Cl2 exhibits a clearly reversible brown-to-green colour change, suggesting that C6OAHCQ has potential as an electrochromic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ji L, Hahn S, Biegger P, Reiss H, Han J, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Freudenberg J, Lambert C, Dreuw A, Marder TB, Bunz UHF. Mono- and Dianion of a Bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene Derivative. Chemistry 2019; 25:9840-9845. [PMID: 31155772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene derivative was reduced to its radical anion and its dianion, using potassium [18]crown-6 anthracenide in THF. Both reduced species were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy of the isolated species and by spectroelectrochemistry. Two distinct single-crystal structures of the dianion and an EPR spectrum of the radical anion were obtained. Contrary to other azaacenes, the lowest energy absorption in the UV/Vis spectrum of the dianion is redshifted in comparison to that of the neutral compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phillip Biegger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Reiss
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
N-Heteroacenes and N-heteroarenes are the heterocyclic congeners of the acenes and arenes, in which one or several perimeter C-H bonds have been substituted by pyridine-type nitrogen atoms. They are formally segments out of N-doped nanographenes. Position and number of the nitrogens vary greatly, making N-heteroacenes and N-heteroarenes define a vast class of N-nanographene segments; they display modular electronic and structural properties. The nitrogen atoms in the perimeter lead to finely tunable frontier molecular orbital positions and therefore improved electron affinity and higher oxidative stability but conversely also require and allow different synthetic approaches than those reported for the synthesis of their hydrocarbon and nanographene analogues. The chemistry of N-heteroarenes, despite being known for more than a century, has made significant progress in the last years and established these materials both as powerful n-channel semiconductors in thin film transistors and as useful emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and in photovoltaic devices. The electronegative nitrogen atoms impart a deep LUMO into the azaacenes and azaarenes, improve electron injection, and enable powerful electron transport but also charge separation in bulk-heterojunction type organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. At the same time, azaacenes and azaarenes are fundamentally exciting materials that push the limits of structure and stability, constantly displaying novel topologies and structures as variations of a simple leitmotif; we expect a bright future for esthetically pleasing yet highly functional N-heterocyclic species. Firstly, we discuss novel structures and structural elements that have evolved during the last years in N-heteroacene and N-heteroarene chemistry and delineate their properties. An important aspect is the oligomerization or better multimerization of azaacene and azaarene units into novel and surprising topologies, in which multiple azaarenes or azaacenes are stitched together. Examples are tetrahedral assemblies of tetraazapentacenes but also cyclic tetramers of different types of azaacenes and linearly bent, S-shaped, formally dimeric species. An exciting aspect of the exploration of the structural manifold of azaacenes is their electronic interaction in such assemblies and their solid-state microstructure. A further aspect of this work is the increase in size of the azaacenes and concepts that allow stabilization of the larger congeners. The attachment of four benzo units to the azaacene core is a powerful concept that stabilizes tetraazaheptacenes and should also be useful to achieve persistent tetraazanonacenes. Secondly, we describe the success of N-heteroacenes and N-heteroarenes in organic electronic devices; specifically, the use of symmetrical halogenated tetraazapentacenes as superb n-channel transistor materials with air stable and persistent radical anions as charge carriers; we discuss the structural reason for their success. Use of azaacenes and azaarenes is not restricted to transistors, but they are also applied in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices and in brightly emitting OLEDs. Azaacenes and azaarenes are attractive segments out of hetero-nanographenes and objects of study, starting from fundamental structural and topological questions, ranging to powerful applications in organic electronics. The general interest in azaacenes is witnessed by the constantly increasing number of groups who discover and work on these materials as novel functional and flexible species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre of Advanced Materials, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hahn S, Butscher J, An Q, Jocic A, Tverskoy O, Richter M, Feng X, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Bunz UHF. Azaarene Dimers. Chemistry 2019; 25:7285-7291. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Angelina Jocic
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcus Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Molekulare Funktionsmaterialien Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Molekulare Funktionsmaterialien Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Photochemistry of various acene based molecules. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Lee SH, Matula AJ, Hu G, Troiano JL, Karpovich CJ, Crabtree RH, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Strongly Coupled Phenazine-Porphyrin Dyads: Light-Harvesting Molecular Assemblies with Broad Absorption Coverage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8000-8008. [PMID: 30698407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-harvesting architectures with broad absorption coverage in the visible region continues to be an important research area in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we introduce a new class of ethynyl-linked panchromatic dyads composed of dibenzophenazines coupled ortho and meta to tetrapyrroles with an anchoring group that can be grafted onto metal oxide surfaces. Quantum chemical calculations and photophysical measurements of the synthesized materials reveal that both of the dibenzophenazine dyads absorb broadly from 300 to 636 nm and exhibit absorption bands different from those of the constituent chromophore units. Moreover, the different points of attachment of dibenzophenazines to tetrapyrroles give different absorption profiles which computations suggest result from differences in the planarity of the two dyads. Applicability of the dyads in artificial photosynthesis systems was assessed by their incorporation and characterization of their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Adam J Matula
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Christopher J Karpovich
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gozalvez C, Zafra JL, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Casado J, Mateo-Alonso A. Charge transport modulation in pseudorotaxane 1D stacks of acene and azaacene derivatives. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2743-2749. [PMID: 30996992 PMCID: PMC6419948 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acenes have received a lot of attention because of their inherent and tunable absorbing, emissive, and charge transport properties for electronic, photovoltaic, and singlet fission applications, among others. Such properties are directly governed by molecular packing, and therefore, controlling their arrangement in the solid state is of utmost importance in order to increase their performance. Herein, we describe a new solid-state ordering strategy that allows obtaining 1D mixed π-stacks of acene and azaacene derivatives. In addition, we illustrate that charge transport can be modulated by the electronic nature of the encapsulated phenazine, opening new perspectives in the design, preparation and development of supramolecular organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gozalvez
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain .
| | - Jose L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Málaga , Spain .
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials , Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 , Aveiro , Portugal .
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Málaga , Spain .
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain . .,Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , E-48011 Bilbao , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Centre for Dimension Controllable Organic Frameworks; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 44919 Ulsan South Korea
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Centre for Dimension Controllable Organic Frameworks; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 44919 Ulsan South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Centre for Dimension Controllable Organic Frameworks; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 44919 Ulsan South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ukwitegetse N, Saris PJG, Sommer JR, Haiges RM, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Tetra‐Aza‐Pentacenes by means of a One‐Pot Friedländer Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 25:1472-1475. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narcisse Ukwitegetse
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Patrick J. G. Saris
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Jonathan R. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Ralf M. Haiges
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang CZ, Feng X, Elsegood MRJ, Warwick TG, Teat SJ, Redshaw C, Bi YS, Yamato T. Pyrene-Fused Pyrazaacenes with Eight Rectilinearly Arranged Aromatic Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Shandong University of Technology; Zibo 255049 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Saga University; Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Xing Feng
- Faculty of Material and Energy Engineering; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangdong 510006 China
| | | | - Thomas G. Warwick
- Chemistry Department; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; 1 cyclotron Rd Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Hull; Cottingham Road, Hull Yorkshire HU6 7RX UK
| | - Yu-Sui Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering; Shandong University of Technology; Zibo 255049 P. R. China
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Saga University; Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|