1
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Stefanelli M, Magna G, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D. Stereospecific Self-Assembly Processes of Porphyrin-Proline Conjugates: From the Effect of Structural Features and Bulk Solvent Properties to the Application in Stereoselective Sensor Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15587. [PMID: 36555226 PMCID: PMC9779260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugating the porphyrin ring with an amino acid via amide linkage represents a straightforward way for conferring both amphiphilicity and chirality to the macrocycle. Proline residue is a good choice in this context since its conformational rigidity allows for porphyrin assembling where molecular chirality is efficiently transferred and amplified using properly honed aqueous environments. Herein, we describe the evolution of the studies carried out by our group to achieve chiral systems from some porphyrin-proline derivatives, both in solution and in the solid state. The discussion focuses on some fundamental aspects reflecting on the final molecular architectures obtained, which are related to the nature of the appended group (stereochemistry and charge), the presence of a metal ion coordinated to the porphyrin core and the bulk solvent properties. Indeed, fine-tuning the mentioned parameters enables the achievement of stereospecific structures with distinctive chiroptical and morphological features. Solid films based on these chiral systems were also obtained and their recognition abilities in gaseous and liquid phase are here described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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2
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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3
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Magna G, Traini T, Naitana ML, Bussetti G, Domenici F, Paradossi G, Venanzi M, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D, Stefanelli M. Seeding Chiral Ensembles of Prolinated Porphyrin Derivatives on Glass Surface: Simple and Rapid Access to Chiral Porphyrin Films. Front Chem 2022; 9:804893. [PMID: 35174141 PMCID: PMC8841355 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.804893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An easy and fast method to achieve chiral porphyrin films on glass is herein reported. The on-surface formation of organized supramolecular architectures with distinctive and remarkable chiroptical features strictly depends on the macrocycles used, the solvent chosen for the casting deposition, and most importantly, on the roughness of the glass slide. Dynamic light scattering studies performed on 10−4–10−6 M porphyrin solutions revealed the presence of small porphyrin aggregates, whose size and number increase depending on the initial concentration. Once transferred on surface, these protoaggregates act as nucleation seeds for the following, self-assembling into larger structures upon solvent evaporation, with a process driven by a fine balance between intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions. The described method represents a straightforward way to fabricate porphyrin-based chiral surfaces onto a transparent and economic substrate in few minutes. The results obtained can be particularly promising for the development of sensors based on stereoselective optical active films, targeting the detection of chiral analytes of practical relevance, such as the so-called emerging pollutants released in the environment from agrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Tanja Traini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Luigi Naitana
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuela Stefanelli,
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4
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Savioli M, Stefanelli M, Magna G, Zurlo F, Caso MF, Cimino R, Goletti C, Venanzi M, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D. Tunable Supramolecular Chirogenesis in the Self-Assembling of Amphiphilic Porphyrin Triggered by Chiral Amines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228557. [PMID: 33202819 PMCID: PMC7698035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chirality is one of the most important issues in different branches of science and technology, as stereoselective molecular recognition, catalysis, and sensors. In this paper, we report on the self-assembly of amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives possessing a chiral information on the periphery of the macrocycle (i.e., D- or L-proline moieties), in the presence of chiral amines as co-solute, such as chiral benzylamine derivatives. The aggregation process, steered by hydrophobic effect, has been studied in aqueous solvent mixtures by combined spectroscopic and topographic techniques. The results obtained pointed out a dramatic effect of these ligands on the morphology and on the supramolecular chirality of the final self-assembled structures. Scanning electron microscopy topography, as well as fluorescence microscopy studies revealed the formation of rod-like structures of micrometric size, different from the fractal structures formerly observed when the self-assembly process is carried out in the absence of chiral amine co-solutes. On the other hand, comparative experiments with an achiral porphyrin analogue strongly suggested that the presence of the prolinate moiety is mandatory for the achievement of the observed highly organized suprastructures. The results obtained would be of importance for unraveling the intimate mechanisms operating in the selection of the homochirality, and for the preparation of sensitive materials for the detection of chiral analytes, with tunable stereoselectivity and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savioli
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Zurlo
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | | | - Rita Cimino
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudio Goletti
- Department of Physics, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Science and Chemical Technology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (F.Z.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, University La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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5
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Stefanelli M, Savioli M, Zurlo F, Magna G, Belviso S, Marsico G, Superchi S, Venanzi M, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D. Porphyrins Through the Looking Glass: Spectroscopic and Mechanistic Insights in Supramolecular Chirogenesis of New Self-Assembled Porphyrin Derivatives. Front Chem 2020; 8:587842. [PMID: 33195087 PMCID: PMC7593786 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.587842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent driven aggregation of porphyrin derivatives, covalently linked to a L- or D-prolinate enantiomer, results in the stereospecific formation of species featuring remarkable supramolecular chirality, as a consequence of reading and amplification of the stereochemical information stored in the proline-appended group. Spectroscopic, kinetic, and topographic SEM studies gave important information on the aggregation processes, and on the structures of the final chiral architectures. The results obtained may be the seeds for the construction of stereoselective sensors aiming at the detection, for example, of novel emergent pollutants from agrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Savioli
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zurlo
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Belviso
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Marsico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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6
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The Self-Aggregation of Porphyrins with Multiple Chiral Centers in Organic/Aqueous Media: The Case of Sugar- and Steroid-Porphyrin Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194544. [PMID: 33020381 PMCID: PMC7583780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview of the solvent-driven aggregation of a series of chiral porphyrin derivatives studied by optical methods (UV/Vis, fluorescence, CD and RLS spectroscopies) is herein reported. The investigated porphyrins are characterized by the presence in the meso-positions of glycol-, steroidal- and glucosteroidal moieties, conferring amphiphilicity and solubility in aqueous media to the primarily hydrophobic porphyrin platform. Aggregation of the macrocycles is driven by a change in bulk solvent composition, forming architectures with supramolecular chirality, steered by the stereogenic centers on the porphyrin peripheral positions. The aggregation behavior and chiroptical properties of the final aggregated species strongly depend on the number and stereogenicity of the ancillary groups that dictate the mutual spatial arrangement of the porphyrin chromophores and their further organization in larger structures, usually detectable by different microscopies, such as AFM and SEM. Kinetic studies are fundamental to understand the aggregation mechanism, which is frequently found to be dependent on the substrate concentration. Additionally, Molecular Mechanics calculations can give insights into the intimate nature of the driving forces governing the self-assembly process. The critical use of these combined methods can shed light on the overall self-assembly process of chirally-functionalized macrocycles, with important implications on the development of chiral porphyrin-based materials.
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7
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Di Natale C. Roberto Paolesse and the sensors group at the university of Rome Tor Vergata: (“ the world will always welcome ‘ chemists, ’ as time goes by…” ). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma; Italy
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8
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Sabuzi F, Stefanelli M, Monti D, Conte V, Galloni P. Amphiphilic Porphyrin Aggregates: A DFT Investigation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 25:molecules25010133. [PMID: 31905739 PMCID: PMC6982950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the attractive potential applications of porphyrin assemblies in photocatalysis, sensors, and material science, studies presently concerning porphyrin aggregation are widely diffused. π–π stacking, H-bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic effect, and electrostatic forces usually drive porphyrin interaction in solution. However, theoretical studies of such phenomena are still limited. Therefore, a computational examination of the different porphyrin aggregation approaches is proposed here, taking into account amphiphilic [5-{4-(3-trimethylammonium)propyloxyphenyl}-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin] chloride, whose aggregation behavior has been previously experimentally investigated. Different functionals have been adopted to investigate the porphyrin dimeric species, considering long-range interactions. Geometry optimization has been performed, showing that for the compound under analysis, H-type and cation–π dimers are the most favored structures that likely co-exist in aqueous solution. Of note, frontier orbital delocalization showed an interesting interaction between the porphyrin units in the dimer at the supramolecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sabuzi
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.G.); Tel.: + 39-06-7259-4490 (F.S.); + 39-06-7259-4380 (P.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Pierluca Galloni
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.G.); Tel.: + 39-06-7259-4490 (F.S.); + 39-06-7259-4380 (P.G.)
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9
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Stefanelli M, Magna G, Zurlo F, Caso FM, Di Bartolomeo E, Antonaroli S, Venanzi M, Paolesse R, Di Natale C, Monti D. Chiral Selectivity of Porphyrin-ZnO Nanoparticle Conjugates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12077-12087. [PMID: 30835426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of enantiomers is one of the most arduous challenges in chemical sensor development. Although several chiral systems exist, their effective exploitation as the sensitive layer in chemical sensors is hampered by several practical implications that hinder stereoselective recognition in solid state. In this paper, we report a new methodology to efficiently prepare chiral solid films, by using a hybrid material approach where chiral porphyrin derivatives are grafted onto zinc oxide nanoparticles. Circular dichroism (CD) evidences that the solid-state film of the material retains supramolecular chirality due to porphyrin interactions, besides an additional CD feature in correspondence of the absorbance of ZnO (375 nm), suggesting the induction of chirality in the underlying zinc oxide nanoparticles. The capability of hybrid material to detect and recognize vapors of enantiomer pairs was evaluated by fabricating gas sensors based on quartz microbalances. Chiral films of porphyrin on its own were used for comparison. The sensor based on functionalized nanostructures presented a remarkable stereoselectivity in the recognition of limonene enantiomers, whose ability to intercalate in the porphyrin layers makes this terpene an optimal chiral probe. The chiroptical and stereoselective properties of the hybrid material confirm that the use of porphyrin-capped ZnO nanostructures is a viable route for the formation of chiral selective surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Zurlo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Federica M Caso
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre , Via Anguillarese 301 , 00123 Rome , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Simonetta Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, , 00133 Rome , Italy
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10
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Caroleo F, Stefanelli M, Magna G, Venanzi M, Paolesse R, Sennato S, Carbone M, Monti D. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies on the chiral self-aggregation of amphiphilic zinc and copper (l)-prolinate-tetraarylporphyrin derivatives in different aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1113-1120. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chiral self-aggregation of (l)-proline porphyrin derivatives depends on both the nature of the media and the coordinated metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Caroleo
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Istituto Sistemi Complessi
- and Department of Physics
- University of Rome La Sapienza
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Science and Chemical Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- I-00133 Rome
- Italy
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11
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Qian W, González-Campo A, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Hermida S, Imaz I, Wurst K, Maspoch D, Ruiz E, Ocal C, Barrena E, Amabilino DB, Aliaga-Alcalde N. Boosting Self-Assembly Diversity in the Solid-State by Chiral/Non-Chiral Zn II -Porphyrin Crystallization. Chemistry 2018; 24:12950-12960. [PMID: 29893444 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A chiral ZnII porphyrin derivative 1 and its achiral analogue 2 were studied in the solid state. Considering the rich molecular recognition of designed metalloporphyrins 1 and 2 and their tendency to crystallize, they were recrystallized from two solvent mixtures (CH2 Cl2 /CH3 OH and CH2 Cl2 /hexane). As a result, four different crystalline arrangements (1 a,b and 2 a,b, from 0D to 2D) were obtained. Solid-state studies were performed on all the species to analyze the role played by chirality, solvent mixtures, and surfaces (mica and HOPG) in the supramolecular arrangements. By means of combinations of solvents and substrates a variety of microsized species was obtained, from vesicles to flower-shaped arrays, including geometrical microcrystals. Overall, the results emphasize the environmental susceptibility of metalloporphyrins and how this feature must be taken into account in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qian
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Rodríguez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sabina Rodríguez-Hermida
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inhaz Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional, de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Biscaglia F, Frezza E, Zurlo E, Gobbo M. Linker dependent chirality of solvent induced self-assembled structures of porphyrin-α-helical peptide conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9568-9577. [PMID: 27722414 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent-promoted aggregation of porphyrins covalently linked to medium length peptides occurs with the formation of chiral supramolecular structures if the peptide chain can adopt an α-helical secondary structure. The circular dichroism spectra of different porphyrin-peptide conjugates show that the chiral arrangement of the porphyrins in the aggregates does not depend on the screw-sense of the peptide helix. Experimental evidence and molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the linker between the porphyrin and the peptide helix is responsible for the overall chirality of supramolecular structures. In particular when the linker is a chiral α-amino acid it is possible to tune the morphology of the chiral aggregates by inverting the configuration of the chiral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisa Frezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Zurlo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy. and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, C. N. R., I-35131 Padova, Italy
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13
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Wang X, Liu C, Jiang Y, Wang C, Wang T, Bai M, Jiang J. Room temperature chiral reorganization of interfacial assembly of achiral double-decker phthalocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7223-7229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08647d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral reorganization with amplification of the Cotton effect is achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ming Bai
- Marine College
- Shandong University at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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14
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Lettieri R, Cardová L, Gatto E, Mazzuca C, Monti D, Palleschi A, Placidi E, Drašar P, Venanzi M. Hierarchical transfer of chiral information from the molecular to the mesoscopic scale by Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of tetrasteroid-porphyrins. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02947g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of chiral information from the molecular level to the mesoscale has been obtained by hierarchical self-assembly of tetrasteroid-porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Lettieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Lenka Cardová
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- CNR-ISM Unit
- Department of Physics
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Pavel Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Czech Republic
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
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15
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Castriciano MA, Zagami R, Trapani M, Romeo A, Patanè S, Monsù Scolaro L. Investigation of the Aggregation Properties of a Chiral Porphyrin Bearing Citronellal Meso Substituent Groups. Chirality 2015; 27:900-6. [PMID: 26447722 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new porphyrin bearing four R or S hydrogenated citronellal units directly bound to the meso positions of the porphyrin ring was synthesized and fully characterized through MALDI-TOF, NMR, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission spectroscopies. Both enantiomers exhibit a monomeric nature in a series of organic solvents. Acting on the polarity of the solvent, i.e., increasing the amount of water in mixture with acetone, aggregation occurs, as revealed by UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and resonance light scattering. The occurrence of both H- and J-type aggregates was suggested by fluorescence lifetime measurements. In contrast to the monomeric species, these aggregates exhibit CD spectra reflecting the chirality of the building blocks. AFM microscopy shows that micrometer ribbon-like structures form by the casting solution of these porphyrins in acetone/water onto a glass surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Zagami
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Romeo
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Messina, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Messina, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Messina, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Messina, Italy
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16
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Lu J, Meng Q, Zhang H, Wang H, Ma Z, Sun L. Synthesis, spectroscopy, effective chiral information transfer and semiconducting property of optically active porphyrin derivative bearing four chiral binaphthyl moieties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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18
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Lorecchio C, Venanzi M, Mazzuca C, Lettieri R, Palleschi A, Nguyen Thi TH, Cardová L, Drasar P, Monti D. Tuning the chiroptical and morphological properties of steroidal-porphyrin aggregates: a mechanistic, structural, and MM investigation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3956-3963. [PMID: 24805210 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of a steroid-functionalised porphyrin derivative occurs with the formation of J-type chiral species. Spectroscopic and SEM studies indicate that the initial concentration of the macrocycle strongly influences the morphology of the final mesoscopic structures, as a consequence of a change in the mechanistic course of the self-assembly process. Fibrillar structures are obtained at low porphyrin concentration, whereas aggregates of globular shapes are formed on increasing the substrate concentration. Molecular mechanics investigations gave insights into the intimate nature of the driving forces that govern the self-assembly process, pointing out the importance of ring distortion, of intramolecular steroidal OH-π hydrogen bonds, as well as dispersion forces among the tetrapyrrolic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lorecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Lettieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Thu Huong Nguyen Thi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Purkynje University, Ústí nad Labem, Ceské mládeze 8, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cardová
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drasar
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Donato Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Simoncini E, Caroleo F, Ceccacci F, Mancini G, Stefanelli M, Paolesse R, Lettieri R, Venanzi M, Monti D. Surfactant-induced chirality on reluctant aggregates of a chiral amphiphilic cationic (l)-proline–Zn(ii)porphyrin conjugate in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05870d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of an amphiphilic chiral Zn(ii)porphyrin derivative occurs in aqueous solutions of chiral surfactants with highly specific molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Simoncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caroleo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR-IMC and Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mancini
- CNR-IMC and Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lettieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
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20
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21
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Recent Advancements in Chiral Porphyrin Self-Assembly. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2013_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Heuck G, Lange N. Matrix mediated fluorescence enhancement — why nanoparticles and PPIX make a friendly couple. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid (HAL) is an efficient inducer of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in neoplastic tissue and approved for the fluorescence photodetection of bladder cancer. It is, however, limited to topical application due to unsuitable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties following systemic administration. In this study we sought to prepare HAL laden polymeric nanoparticles made from polylactic acid (PLA) as possible means to improve the systemic bioavailability of HAL. Nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Particle size and morphology of freshly prepared and dehydrated nanoparticles were assessed and the ability to generate PPIX fluorescence was tested on a T24 human bladder carcinoma cell line. Fluorescence intensities of cells incubated with nanoencapsulated HAL were significantly higher than in presence of free HAL. Interestingly, the effect was — at least partly — provoked by the direct interaction of exogenously induced PPIX with the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Heuck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH – 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH – 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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23
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Teixeira R, Andrade SM, Vaz Serra V, Paulo PMR, Sánchez-Coronilla A, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Costa SMB. Reorganization of self-assembled dipeptide porphyrin J-aggregates in water-ethanol mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2396-404. [PMID: 22292964 DOI: 10.1021/jp2115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a neutral meso-methoxyphenylporphyrin functionalized with a dipeptide glycilglycine substituent (MGG) in water and in water-ethanol mixtures was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In water, hydrophobic interactions and the noncovalent intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the terminal carboxylate group of one porphyrin and the hydrogen atoms of the pyrrolic nitrogens of another porphyrin originate nonspecific disorganized H- and J-aggregates. The addition of ethanol (0.1-25% v/v) to the water creates small clusters within which porphyrin J-aggregates reorganize as revealed by a narrow intense band detected by the Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) at 443 nm. Similar phenomenology is detected in SDS premicellar aggregates. Computational DFT calculations of a model dimer formation stabilized via intermolecular hydrogen bonding estimate an energy gain of -22 kJ mol(-1) and a center-to-center and interplane distances between porphyrin moieties of 16.8 and 3.7 Å, respectively. The kinetics of the J-aggregate formation could be fitted with a time-dependent model, and an activation energy of 96 kJ mol(-1) was estimated. The aggregate's morphology of MGG was followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which showed rod-type structures of 5-8 μm evolving to spherical particles with increased ethanol content. Similar images and sizes were obtained in analogous samples using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The formation of excitonically coupled supramolecular MGG structures of brickwork or staircase types is proposed in these water-ethanol mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Lettieri R, Monti D, Zelenka K, Trnka T, Drašar P, Venanzi M. Glucosylated steroid-porphyrins as new tools for nanotechnology applications. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj20982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Zelenka K, Trnka T, Tišlerová I, Monti D, Cinti S, Naitana ML, Schiaffino L, Venanzi M, Laguzzi G, Luvidi L, Mancini G, Nováková Z, Šimák O, Wimmer Z, Drašar P. Spectroscopic, Morphological, and Mechanistic Investigation of the Solvent-Promoted Aggregation of Porphyrins Modified in meso-Positions by Glucosylated Steroids. Chemistry 2011; 17:13743-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Štěpánek P, Šimák O, Nováková Z, Wimmer Z, Drašar P. Asymmetrically substituted calix[4]pyrrole with chiral substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:682-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Anderson TW, Sanders JKM, Pantoş GD. The sergeants-and-soldiers effect: chiral amplification in naphthalenediimide nanotubes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4274-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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