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Sire C, Meneyrol V, Saffon-Merceron N, Terreno E, Garello F, Tei L, Jestin E, Tripier R, Troadec T. A versatile fluorinated azamacrocyclic chelator enabling 18F PET or 19F MRI: a first step towards new multimodal and smart contrast agents. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13550-13557. [PMID: 39183922 PMCID: PMC11339802 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02871f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic chelators play a central role in medical imaging and nuclear medicine owing to their unparalleled metal cation coordination abilities. Their functionalization by fluorinated groups is an attractive design, to combine their properties with those of 18F for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or natural 19F for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and access potential theranostic or smart medical imaging probes. For the first time, a compact fluorinated macrocyclic architecture has been synthesized, based on a cyclen chelator bearing additional pyridine coordinating units and simple methyltrifluoroborate prosthetic groups. This ligand and its corresponding model Zn(ii) complex were investigated to evaluate the 18F-PET or 19F MRI abilities provided by this novel molecular structure. The chelator and the complex were obtained via a simple and high-yielding synthetic route, present excellent solvolytic stability of the trifluoroborate groups at various pH, and provide facile late-stage 18F-radiolabeling (up to 68% radiochemical yield with high activity) as well as a satisfying detection limit for 19F MRI imaging (low mM range).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Sire
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu 29200 Brest France
| | - Vincent Meneyrol
- Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien CYROI 2 rue Maxime Rivière 97490 Sainte-Clotilde France
| | | | - Enzo Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin Piazza Nizza 44/bis 10126 Turin Italy
| | - Francesca Garello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin Piazza Nizza 44/bis 10126 Turin Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Jestin
- Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien CYROI 2 rue Maxime Rivière 97490 Sainte-Clotilde France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu 29200 Brest France
| | - Thibault Troadec
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu 29200 Brest France
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2
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Koucký F, Dobrovolná T, Kotek J, Císařová I, Havlíčková J, Liška A, Kubíček V, Hermann P. Transition metal complexes of the (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphinate NOTA analogue as potential contrast agents for 19F magnetic resonance imaging. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9267-9285. [PMID: 38596878 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A new hexadentate 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based ligand bearing three coordinating methylene-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphinate pendant arms was synthesized and its coordination behaviour towards selected divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and trivalent (Cr3+, Fe3+, Co3+) transition metal ions was studied. The ligand forms stable complexes with late divalent transition metal ions (from Co2+ to Zn2+) and the complexes of these metal ions are formed above pH ∼3. A number of complexes with divalent metal ions were structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex of the larger Mn2+ ion adopts a twisted trigonally antiprismatic geometry with a larger coordination cavity and smaller torsion of the pendant arms, whereas the smaller ions Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ form octahedral species with a smaller cavity and larger pendant arm torsion. In the case of the Co2+ complexes, both coordination arrangements were observed. The complexes with paramagnetic metal ions were studied from the point of view of potential utilization in 19F magnetic resonance imaging. A significant shortening of the 19F NMR longitudinal relaxation times was observed: a sub-millisecond range for complexes of Cr3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ with symmetric electronic states (t2g3 and HS-d5), the millisecond range for the Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes and tens of milliseconds for the Co2+ complex. Such short relaxation times are consistent with a short distance between the paramagnetic metal ion and the fluorine atoms (∼5.5-6.5 Å). Among the redox-active complexes (Mn3+/Mn2+, Fe3+/Fe2+, Co3+/Co2+, Cu2+/Cu+), the cobalt complexes show sufficient stability and a paramagnetic-diamagnetic changeover with the redox potential lying in a physiologically relevant range. Thus, the Co3+/Co2+ complex pair can be potentially used as a smart redox-responsive contrast agent for 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Dobrovolná
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Havlíčková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Alan Liška
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry AS CR, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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3
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Kaster MA, Caldwell MA, Meade TJ. Development of Ln(III) Derivatives as 19F Parashift Probes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9877-9887. [PMID: 38748735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
19F parashift probes with paramagnetically shifted reporter nuclei provide attractive platforms to develop molecular imaging probes. These probes enable ratiometric detection of molecular disease markers using a direct detection technique. Here, we describe a series of trivalent lanthanide (Ln(III)) complexes that are structural analogues of the clinically approved MR contrast agent (CA) ProHance to obtain LnL 19F parashift probes. We evaluated trans-gadolinium paramagnetic lanthanides compared to diamagnetic YL for 19F chemical shift and relaxation rate enhancement. The paramagnetic contribution to chemical shift (δPCS) for paramagnetic LnL exhibited either shifts to lower frequency (δPCS < 0 for TbL, DyL, and HoL) or shifts to higher frequency (δPCS > 0 for ErL, TmL, and YbL) compared to YL 19F spectroscopic signal. Zero-echo time pulse sequences achieved 56-fold sensitivity enhancement for DyL over YL, while developing probe-specific pulse sequences with fast delay times and acquisition times achieved 0.6-fold enhancement in limit of detection for DyL. DyL provides an attractive platform to develop 19F parashift probes for ratiometric detection of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Kaster
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael A Caldwell
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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4
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Pinto SMA, Ferreira ARR, Teixeira DSS, Nunes SCC, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Almeida JMS, Garda Z, Pallier A, Pais AACC, Brett CMA, Tóth É, Marques MPM, Pereira MM, Geraldes CFGC. Fluorinated Mn(III)/(II)-Porphyrin with Redox-Responsive 1 H and 19 F Relaxation Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301442. [PMID: 37606898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorinated manganese porphyrin, (Mn-TPP-p-CF3 ) is reported capable of providing, based on the Mn(III)/Mn(II) equilibrium, dual 1 H relaxivity and 19 F NMR response to redox changes. The physical-chemical characterization of both redox states in DMSO-d6 /H2 O evidenced that the 1 H relaxometric and 19 F NMR properties are appropriate for differential redox MRI detection. The Mn(III)-F distance (dMn-F =9.7-10 Å), as assessed by DFT calculations, is well tailored to allow for adequate paramagnetic effect of Mn(III) on 19 F T1 and T2 relaxation times. Mn-TPP-p-CF3 has a reversible Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox potential of 0.574 V vs. NHE in deoxygenated aqueous HEPES/ THF solution. The reduction of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 in the presence of ascorbic acid is slowly, but fully reversed in the presence of air oxygen, as monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry and 19 F NMR. The broad 1 H and 19 F NMR signals of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 disappear in the presence of 1 equivalent ascorbate replaced by a shifted and broadened 19 F NMR signal from Mn(II)-TPP-p-CF3 . Phantom 19 F MR images in DMSO show a MRI signal intensity decrease upon reduction of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 , retrieved upon complete reoxidation in air within ~24 h. 1 H NMRD curves of the Mn(III)/(II)-TPP-p-CF3 chelates in mixed DMSO/water solvent have the typical shape of Mn(II)/Mn(III) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M A Pinto
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R R Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela S S Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra C C Nunes
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L M Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joseany M S Almeida
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zoltan Garda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Agnés Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Alberto A C C Pais
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria P M Marques
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Harriswangler C, Lucio-Martínez F, Godec L, Soro LK, Fernández-Fariña S, Valencia L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Esteban-Gómez D, Charbonnière LJ, Platas-Iglesias C. Effect of Magnetic Anisotropy on the 1H NMR Paramagnetic Shifts and Relaxation Rates of Small Dysprosium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14326-14338. [PMID: 37602400 PMCID: PMC10481378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the 1H NMR chemical shifts and transverse relaxation rates of three small Dy(III) complexes having different symmetries (C3, D2 or C2). The complexes show sizeable emission in the visible region due to 4F9/2 → 6HJ transitions (J = 15/2 to 11/2). Additionally, NIR emission is observed at ca. 850 (4F9/2 → 6H7/2), 930 (4F9/2 → 6H5/2), 1010 (4F9/2 → 6F9/2), and 1175 nm (4F9/2 → 6F7/2). Emission quantum yields of 1-2% were determined in aqueous solutions. The emission lifetimes indicate that no water molecules are present in the inner coordination sphere of Dy(III), which in the case of [Dy(CB-TE2PA)]+ was confirmed through the X-ray crystal structure. The 1H NMR paramagnetic shifts induced by Dy(III) were found to be dominated by the pseudocontact mechanism, though, for some protons, contact shifts are not negligible. The analysis of the pseudocontact shifts provided the magnetic susceptibility tensors of the three complexes, which were also investigated using CASSCF calculations. The transverse 1H relaxation data follow a good linear correlation with 1/r6, where r is the distance between the Dy(III) ion and the observed proton. This indicates that magnetic anisotropy is not significantly affecting the relaxation of 1H nuclei in the family of complexes investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Harriswangler
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Fátima Lucio-Martínez
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Léna Godec
- Equipe
de Synthèse Pour l′Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire
Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178, CNRS, Université
de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lohona Kevin Soro
- Equipe
de Synthèse Pour l′Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire
Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178, CNRS, Université
de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Fernández-Fariña
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química,
Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Equipe
de Synthèse Pour l′Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire
Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178, CNRS, Université
de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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6
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Mo Y, Huang C, Liu C, Duan Z, Liu J, Wu D. Recent Research Progress of 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200744. [PMID: 36512446 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of biomolecules, cells, and tissues, as well as metabolic processes in vivo is significant for studying the associated biological activities. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) holds potential among various imaging technologies thanks to its negligible background signal and deep tissue penetration in vivo. To achieve detection on the targets with high resolution and accuracy, requirements of high-performance 19 F MRI probes are demanding. An ideal 19 F MRI probe is thought to have, first, fluorine tags with magnetically equivalent 19 F nuclei, second, high fluorine content, third, adequate fluorine nuclei mobility, as well as excellent water solubility or dispersity, but not limited to. This review summarizes the research progresses of 19 F MRI probes and mainly discusses the impacts of structures on in vitro and in vivo imaging performances. Additionally, the applications of 19 F MRI probes in ions sensing, molecular structures analysis, cells tracking, and in vivo diagnosis of disease lesions are also covered in this article. From authors' perspectives, this review is able to provide inspirations for relevant researchers on designing and synthesizing advanced 19 F MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Mo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chixiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziwei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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7
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Janasik D, Imielska P, Krawczyk T. Tuning the pH of Activation of Fluorinated Hydrazone-Based Switches─A Pathway to Versatile 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. ACS Sens 2023; 8:721-727. [PMID: 36695323 PMCID: PMC9972467 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches have become an area of great interest in recent years. They are explored as high-density data storage and organic diodes in molecular electronics as well as chemosensors due to their ability to undergo a transition between well-defined structures under the action of external stimuli. One of the types of such switches is hydrazones. They work by changing the configuration from E to Z under the influence of pH or light. The change in configuration is accompanied by a change in the absorption band and changes in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. In this publication, the structure-property relationship of fluorinated hydrazone switches was established. A linear relationship between the Hammett substituent constants and the pH where the switching occurs was found. Introduction of strong electron-donating groups allowed obtaining a hydrazone switch of pKa = 6 suitable for application in 19F MRI as contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Janasik
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Imielska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
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8
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Kotková Z, Koucký F, Kotek J, Císařová I, Parker D, Hermann P. Copper(II) complexes of cyclams with N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-aminoalkyl pendant arms as potential probes for 19F magnetic resonance imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1861-1875. [PMID: 36448539 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes with cyclam-based ligands containing two N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-aminoalkyl pendant arms in 1,8-positions (L1: 1,2-ethylene spacer, L2: 1,3-propylene spacer; L3: 1,4-butylene spacer) was studied in respect to potential use as contrast agents for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A number of structures of the complexes as well as of several organic precursors were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Geometric parameters (especially distances between fluorine atoms and the central metal ion) were determined for each complex and the identity of isomeric complex species present in solution was established. The NMR longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of 19F nuclei in the ligands at clinically relevant fields and temperatures (1-2 s) were significantly shortened upon Cu(II) binding to 7-10 ms for [Cu(L1)]2+, 20-30 ms for [Cu(L2)]2+ and 20-50 ms for [Cu(L3)]2+. The trend of the relaxation time shortening is in accordance with the distance and number of chemical bonds between fluorine atoms and the Cu(II) ion. The signals show promising T2*/T1 ratios in the range 0.25-0.55, assuring their good applicability to 19F NMR/MRI. The results show that even the Cu(II) ion, with a small magnetic moment, causes significant relaxation enhancement with a long-range effect and can be considered as a highly suitable metal ion for efficient 19F MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kotková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 42 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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9
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Li A, Luo X, Chen D, Li L, Lin H, Gao J. Small Molecule Probes for 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:70-82. [PMID: 36625117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Xiangjie Luo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Dongxia Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Lingxuan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
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10
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Zalewski M, Janasik D, Wierzbicka A, Krawczyk T. Design Principles of Responsive Relaxometric 19F Contrast Agents: Evaluation from the Point of View of Relaxation Theory and Experimental Data. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19524-19542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Zalewski
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dawid Janasik
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wierzbicka
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100Gliwice, Poland
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11
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Hu H, Xu Q, Mo Z, Hu X, He Q, Zhang Z, Xu Z. New anti-cancer explorations based on metal ions. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:457. [PMID: 36274142 PMCID: PMC9590139 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the urgent demand for more anti-cancer methods, the new applications of metal ions in cancer have attracted increasing attention. Especially the three kinds of the new mode of cell death, including ferroptosis, calcicoptosis, and cuproptosis, are of great concern. Meanwhile, many metal ions have been found to induce cell death through different approaches, such as interfering with osmotic pressure, triggering biocatalysis, activating immune pathways, and generating the prooxidant effect. Therefore, varieties of new strategies based on the above approaches have been studied and applied for anti-cancer applications. Moreover, many contrast agents based on metal ions have gradually become the core components of the bioimaging technologies, such as MRI, CT, and fluorescence imaging, which exhibit guiding significance for cancer diagnosis. Besides, the new nano-theranostic platforms based on metal ions have experimentally shown efficient response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which realizes simultaneous cancer therapy and diagnosis through a more controlled nano-system. However, most metal-based agents have still been in the early stages, and controlled clinical trials are necessary to confirm or not the current expectations. This article will focus on these new explorations based on metal ions, hoping to provide some theoretical support for more anti-cancer ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Zhimin Mo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhanjie Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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12
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Chapelin F, Gedaly R, Sweeney Z, Gossett LJ. Prognostic Value of Fluorine-19 MRI Oximetry Monitoring in cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:208-219. [PMID: 34708396 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key prognostic indicator in most solid tumors, as it is correlated to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and response to therapy. Accurate measurement and mapping of tumor oxygenation profile and changes upon intervention could facilitate disease progression assessment and assist in treatment planning. Currently, no gold standard exists for non-invasive spatiotemporal measurement of hypoxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents an attractive option as it is a clinically available and non-ionizing imaging modality. Specifically, perfluorocarbon (PFC) beacons can be externally introduced into the tumor tissue and the linear dependence of their spin-lattice relaxation rate (R1) on the local partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) exploited for real-time tissue oxygenation monitoring in vivo. In this review, we will focus on early studies and recent developments of fluorine-19 MRI and spectroscopy (MRS) for evaluation of tumor oximetry and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chapelin
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514F RMB, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary Sweeney
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Liza J Gossett
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514F RMB, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Wilharm RK, Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Hoefler JC, Platas-Iglesias C, Pierre VC. Exploiting the Fluxionality of Lanthanide Complexes in the Design of Paramagnetic Fluorine Probes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4130-4142. [PMID: 35196450 PMCID: PMC8966431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 MRI is increasingly being considered as a tool for biomolecular imaging, but the very poor sensitivity of this technique has limited most applications. Previous studies have long established that increasing the sensitivity of 19F molecular probes requires increasing the number of fluorine nuclei per probe as well as decreasing their longitudinal relaxation time. The latter is easily achieved by positioning the fluorine atoms in close proximity to a paramagnetic metal ion such as a lanthanide(III). Increasing the number of fluorine atoms per molecule, however, is only useful inasmuch as all of the fluorine nuclei are chemically equivalent. Previous attempts to achieve this equivalency have focused on designing highly symmetric and rigid fluorinated macrocyclic ligands. A much simpler approach consists of exploiting highly fluxional lanthanide complexes with open coordination sites that have a high affinity for phosphated and phosphonated species. Computational studies indicate that LnIII-TREN-MAM is highly fluxional, rapidly interconverting between at least six distinct isomers. In neutral water at room temperature, LnIII-TREN-MAM binds two or three equivalents of fluorinated phosphonates. The close proximity of the 19F nuclei to the LnIII center in the ternary complex decreases the relaxation times of the fluorine nuclei up to 40-fold. Advantageously, the fluorophosphonate-bound lanthanide complex is also highly fluxional such that all 19F nuclei are chemically equivalent and display a single 19F signal with a small LIS. Dynamic averaging of fluxional fluorinated supramolecular assemblies thus produces effective 19F MR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall K Wilharm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - John C Hoefler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Quıímica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia Spain
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Li Y, Cui J, Li C, Zhou H, Chang J, Aras O, An F. 19 F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100701. [PMID: 34951121 PMCID: PMC9432482 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) is a promising imaging technique for cancer diagnosis because of its excellent soft tissue resolution and deep tissue penetration, as well as the inherent high natural abundance, almost no endogenous interference, quantitative analysis, and wide chemical shift range of the 19 F nucleus. In recent years, scientists have synthesized various 19 F MRI contrast agents. By further integrating a wide variety of nanomaterials and cutting-edge construction strategies, magnetically equivalent 19 F atoms are super-loaded and maintain satisfactory relaxation efficiency to obtain high-intensity 19 F MRI signals. In this review, the nuclear magnetic resonance principle underlying 19 F MRI is first described. Then, the construction and performance of various fluorinated contrast agents are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects regarding the clinical translation of 19 F MRI nanoprobes are considered. This review will provide strategic guidance and panoramic expectations for designing new cancer theranostic regimens and realizing their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Chang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Lin H, Tang X, Li A, Gao J. Activatable 19 F MRI Nanoprobes for Visualization of Biological Targets in Living Subjects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005657. [PMID: 33834558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of biological targets such as crucial cells and biomolecules in living subjects is critical for the studies of important biological processes. Though 1 H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated its power in offering detailed anatomical and pathological information, its capacity for in vivo tracking of biological targets is limited by the high biological background of 1 H. 19 F distinguishes itself from its competitors as an exceptional complement to 1 H in MRI through its high sensitivity, low biological background, and broad chemical shift range. The specificity and sensitivity of 19 F MRI can be further boosted with activatable nanoprobes. The advantages of 19 F MRI with activatable nanoprobes enable in vivo detection and imaging at the cellular or even molecular level in deep tissues, rendering this technique appealing as a potential solution for visualization of biological targets in living subjects. Here, recent progress over the past decades on activatable 19 F MRI nanoprobes made from three major 19 F-containing compounds, as well as present challenges and potential opportunities, are summarized to provide a panoramic prospective for the people who are interested in this emerging and exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoxue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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16
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Shusterman‐Krush R, Tirukoti ND, Bandela AK, Avram L, Allouche‐Arnon H, Cai X, Gibb BC, Bar‐Shir A. Single Fluorinated Agent for Multiplexed
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F‐MRI with Micromolar Detectability Based on Dynamic Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shusterman‐Krush
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Nishanth D. Tirukoti
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Anil Kumar Bandela
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche‐Arnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Xiaoyang Cai
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Bruce C. Gibb
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Amnon Bar‐Shir
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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17
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Shusterman-Krush R, Tirukoti ND, Bandela AK, Avram L, Allouche-Arnon H, Cai X, Gibb BC, Bar-Shir A. Single Fluorinated Agent for Multiplexed 19 F-MRI with Micromolar Detectability Based on Dynamic Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15405-15411. [PMID: 33856080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The weak thermal polarization of nuclear spins limits the sensitivity of MRI, even for MR-sensitive nuclei as fluorine-19. Therefore, despite being the source of inspiration for the development of background-free MRI for various applications, including for multiplexed imaging, the inability to map very low concentrations of targets using 19 F-MRI raises the need to further enhance this platform's capabilities. Here, we employ the principles of CEST-MRI in 19 F-MRI to obtain a 900-fold signal amplification of a biocompatible fluorinated agent, which can be presented in a "multicolor" fashion. Capitalizing on the dynamic interactions in host-guest supramolecular assemblies in an approach termed GEST, we demonstrate that an inhalable fluorinated anesthetic can be used as a single 19 F-probe for the concurrent detection of micromolar levels of two targets, with potential in vivo translatability. Further extending GEST with new designs could expand the applicability of 19 F-MRI to the mapping of targets that have so-far remained non-detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shusterman-Krush
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nishanth D Tirukoti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anil Kumar Bandela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Xiaoyang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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18
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Goren E, Avram L, Bar-Shir A. Versatile non-luminescent color palette based on guest exchange dynamics in paramagnetic cavitands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3072. [PMID: 34031377 PMCID: PMC8144181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicolor luminescent portrayal of complexed arrays is indispensable for many aspects of science and technology. Nevertheless, challenges such as inaccessible readouts from opaque objects, a limited visible-light spectrum and restricted spectral resolution call for alternative approaches for multicolor representation. Here, we present a strategy for spatial COlor Display by Exploiting Host-guest Dynamics (CODE-HD), comprising a paramagnetic cavitand library and various guests. First, a set of lanthanide-cradled α-cyclodextrins (Ln-CDs) is designed to induce pseudo-contact shifts in the 19F-NMR spectrum of Ln-CD-bound guest. Then, capitalizing on reversible host-guest binding dynamics and using magnetization-transfer 19F-MRI, pseudo-colored maps of complexed arrays are acquired and applied in molecular-steganography scenarios, showing CODE-HD’s ability to generate versatile outputs for information encoding. By exploiting the widely shifted resonances induced by Ln-CDs, the guest versatility and supramolecular systems' reversibility, CODE-HD provides a switchable, polychromatic palette, as an advanced strategy for light-free, multicolor-mapping. Host-guest supramolecular chemistry can be used as a tool to develop multicolor displays. Here, the authors present a system based on lanthanide-cradled cyclodextrins that allows to construct MRI-readable and erasable artificial non-luminescent color palettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Goren
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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19
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Waiczies S, Prinz C, Starke L, Millward JM, Delgado PR, Rosenberg J, Nazaré M, Waiczies H, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T. Functional Imaging Using Fluorine ( 19F) MR Methods: Basic Concepts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:279-299. [PMID: 33476007 PMCID: PMC9703275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney-associated pathologies would greatly benefit from noninvasive and robust methods that can objectively quantify changes in renal function. In the past years there has been a growing incentive to develop new applications for fluorine (19F) MRI in biomedical research to study functional changes during disease states. 19F MRI represents an instrumental tool for the quantification of exogenous 19F substances in vivo. One of the major benefits of 19F MRI is that fluorine in its organic form is absent in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the introduction of exogenous 19F signals in vivo will yield background-free images, thus providing highly selective detection with absolute specificity in vivo. Here we introduce the concept of 19F MRI, describe existing challenges, especially those pertaining to signal sensitivity, and give an overview of preclinical applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal function in animal models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Prinz
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Starke
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ramos Delgado
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rosenberg
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Siemens Healthcare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Kadakia RT, Xie D, Guo H, Bouley B, Yu M, Que EL. Responsive fluorinated nanoemulsions for 19F magnetic resonance detection of cellular hypoxia. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16419-16424. [PMID: 32692342 PMCID: PMC7688550 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report two highly fluorinated Cu-based imaging agents, CuL1 and CuL2, for detecting cellular hypoxia as nanoemulsion formulations. Both complexes retained their initial quenched 19F MR signals due to paramagnetic Cu2+; however, both complexes displayed a large signal increase when the complex was reduced. DLS studies showed that the CuL1 nanoemulsion (NECuL1) had a hydrodiameter of approximately 100 nm and that it was stable for four weeks post-preparation. Hypoxic cells incubated with NECuL1 showed that 40% of the Cu2+ taken up was reduced in low oxygen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul T Kadakia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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21
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Zaiss M, Esteban-Gómez D, Angelovski G, Platas-Iglesias C. Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer agents and their perspectives for application in magnetic resonance imaging. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1823167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Neuroimaging, International Center for Primate Brain Research (ICPBR), Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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22
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Xie D, Yu M, Xie Z, Kadakia RT, Chung C, Ohman LE, Javanmardi K, Que EL. Versatile Nickel(II) Scaffolds as Coordination‐Induced Spin‐State Switches for
19
F Magnetic Resonance‐Based Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhu‐Lin Xie
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Rahul T. Kadakia
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chris Chung
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Lauren E. Ohman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Kamyab Javanmardi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The University of Texas at Austin 2500 Speedway Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Emily L. Que
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712 USA
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23
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Xie D, Yu M, Xie ZL, Kadakia RT, Chung C, Ohman LE, Javanmardi K, Que EL. Versatile Nickel(II) Scaffolds as Coordination-Induced Spin-State Switches for 19 F Magnetic Resonance-Based Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22523-22530. [PMID: 32790890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
19 F magnetic resonance (MR) based detection coupled with well-designed inorganic systems shows promise in biological investigations. Two proof-of-concept inorganic probes that exploit a novel mechanism for 19 F MR sensing based on converting from low-spin (S=0) to high-spin (S=1) Ni2+ are reported. Activation of diamagnetic NiL1 and NiL2 by light or β-galactosidase, respectively, converts them into paramagnetic NiL0 , which displays a single 19 F NMR peak shifted by >35 ppm with accelerated relaxation rates. This spin-state switch is effective for sensing light or enzyme expression in live cells using 19 F MR spectroscopy and imaging that differentiate signals based on chemical shift and relaxation times. This general inorganic scaffold has potential for developing agents that can sense analytes ranging from ions to enzymes, opening up diverse possibilities for 19 F MR based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Rahul T Kadakia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chris Chung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lauren E Ohman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kamyab Javanmardi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Nizou G, Favaretto C, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Saffon-Merceron N, Platas-Iglesias C, Fougère O, Rousseaux O, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Beyler M, Tripier R. Expanding the Scope of Pyclen-Picolinate Lanthanide Chelates to Potential Theranostic Applications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11736-11748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Nizou
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V. Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Service commun Rayons X ICT-FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olivier Fougère
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
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25
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Blahut J, Benda L, Kotek J, Pintacuda G, Hermann P. Paramagnetic Cobalt(II) Complexes with Cyclam Derivatives: Toward 19F MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10071-10082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blahut
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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26
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Yu M, Xie D, Kadakia RT, Wang W, Que EL. Harnessing chemical exchange: 19F magnetic resonance OFF/ON zinc sensing with a Tm(iii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6257-6260. [PMID: 32373870 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A fluorinated, thulium(iii) complex (Tm-PFZ-1) serves as an off-on 19F magnetic resonance probe for Zn(ii). Rapid exchange among different conformations combined with paramagnetic relaxation and chemical shift effects of Tm(iii) effectively eliminate the 19F NMR/MRI signal in Tm-PFZ-1. Chelation of Zn(ii) induces increased structural rigidity and reduces exchange rate, affording a robust 19F NMR/MRI signal. Tm-PFZ-1 represents a first-in-class paramagnetic 19F MR agent that exploits a novel sensing mechanism for Zn(ii) and is the first 19F MR-based scaffold to provide an "off-on" response to Zn(ii) in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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27
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Charpentier C, Salaam J, Nonat A, Carniato F, Jeannin O, Brandariz I, Esteban-Gomez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Charbonnière LJ, Botta M. pH-Dependent Hydration Change in a Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agent with a Phosphonated Ligand. Chemistry 2020; 26:5407-5418. [PMID: 31923335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heptadentate ligand L was shown to form an extremely stable Gd complex at neutral pH with a pGd value of 18.4 at pH 7.4. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes formed with Gd and Tb displayed two very different coordination behaviors being, respectively, octa- and nonacoordinated. The relaxometric properties of the Gd complex were studied by field-dependent relaxivity measurements at various temperatures and by 17 O NMR spectroscopy. The pH-dependence of the longitudinal relaxivity profile indicated large changes around neutral pH leading to a very large value of 10.1 mm-1 ⋅s-1 (60 MHz, 298 K) at pH 4.7. The changes were attributed to an increase of the hydration number from one water molecule in basic conditions to two at acidic pH. A similar trend was observed for the luminescence of the Eu complex, confirming the change in hydration state. DOSY experiments were performed on the Lu analogue, pointing to the absence of dimers in solution in the considered pH range. A breathing mode of the complex was postulated, which was further supported by 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy of the Yb complex at varying pH and was finally modeled by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Charpentier
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Bâtiment R1N0, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Jérémy Salaam
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Bâtiment R1N0, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Aline Nonat
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Bâtiment R1N0, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, Université de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Isabel Brandariz
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gomez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Bâtiment R1N0, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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28
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Caldwell MA, Brue CR, Whittemore TJ, Meade TJ. A Ln(III)-3-hydroxypyridine pH responsive probe optimized by DFT. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8994-8999. [PMID: 32274014 PMCID: PMC7144623 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra11058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in tissue pH can be diagnostic of cancer and other conditions that shift cell metabolism. Paramagnetic probes are promising tools for pH mapping in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as they provide uniquely shifted MR signals that change with pH. Here, we demonstrate a 3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridyl coordinating group as a new pH-responsive reporter group for Ln(III) MRS probes. The pH response of the complex was observed by UV-Vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies, and modeled using DFT. These results provide insight into the observed pH-dependent NMR spectrum of the complex. The protonation state of the hydroxypyridine changes the coordinating ability of the ligand, affecting the dipolar field of the lanthanide and the chemical shift of nearby reporter nuclei. The favorable pH response and coordination properties of the 3-hydroxypyridyl group indicates its potential for further development as a dual responsive-reporter group. Incorporation into optimized scaffolds for MRS detection may enable sensitive pH-mapping in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Caldwell
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Christopher R Brue
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Tyler J Whittemore
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
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29
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Design, Characterization and Molecular Modeling of New Fluorinated Paramagnetic Contrast Agents for Dual 1H/19F MRI. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One major goal in medical imaging is the elaboration of more efficient contrast agents (CAs). Those agents need to be optimized for the detection of affected tissues such as cancers or tumors while decreasing the injected quantity of agents. The paramagnetic contrast agents containing fluorine atoms can be used for both proton and fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and they open the possibility of simultaneously mapping the anatomy using 1H MRI and accurately locating the agents using 19F MRI. One of the challenges in this domain is to synthesize molecules containing several chemically equivalent fluorine atoms with relatively short relaxation times to allow the recording of 19F MR images in good conditions. With that aim, we propose to prepare a CA containing a paramagnetic center and nine chemically equivalent fluorine atoms using a cycloaddition reaction between two building blocks. These fluorinated contrast agents are characterized by 19F NMR, showing differences in the fluorine relaxation times T1 and T2 depending on the lanthanide ion. To complement the experimental results, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to shed light on the 3D-structure of the molecules in order to estimate the distance between the lanthanide ion and the fluorine atoms.
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30
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Xie D, Yu M, Kadakia RT, Que EL. 19F Magnetic Resonance Activity-Based Sensing Using Paramagnetic Metals. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2-10. [PMID: 31809009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a promising bioimaging technique due to the favorable magnetic resonance properties of the 19F nucleus and the lack of detectable biological background signal. A range of imaging agents have been developed for this imaging modality including small molecule perfluorocarbons, fluorine-rich macromolecules and nanoparticles, and paramagnetic metal-containing agents. Incorporation of paramagnetic metals into fluorinated agents provides a unique opportunity to manipulate relaxation and chemical shift properties of 19F nuclei. Paramagnetic centers will enhance relaxation rates of nearby 19F nuclei through paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE). Further, metals with anisotropic unpaired electrons can induce changes in 19F chemical shift through pseudocontact shift (PCS) effects. PRE and PCS are dependent on the nature of the metal center itself, the molecular scaffold surrounding it, and the position of the 19F nucleus relative to the metal center. One intriguing prospect in 19F magnetic resonance molecular imaging is to design responsive agents that can serve to provide a read out biological activity, including the activity of enzymes, redox activity, the activity of ions, etc. Paramagnetic agents are well suited for this activity-based sensing as metal complexes can be designed to respond to specific biological activities and give a corresponding 19F response that results from changes in the metal complex structure and subsequently PRE/PCS. Broadly speaking, when designing paramagnetic 19F MR biosensors, one can envision that in response to changes in analyte activity, the number of unpaired electrons of the metal changes or the ligand conformation/chemical composition changes. This Account highlights activity-based probes from the Que lab that harness paramagnetic metals to modulate 19F signal. We discuss probes that use conversion from Cu2+ to Cu+ in response to reducing environments to dequench the 19F MR signal. Probes in which oxidants convert Co2+ to Co3+, resulting in chemical shift responses, are also described. Finally, we explore our foray into using Ni2+ coordination switching to furnish probes with different 19F signals when they are converted between 4-coordinate square planar and higher coordination numbers. A major barrier for 19F MR molecular imaging is in vivo application, as signal sensitivity is relatively low, requiring long imaging times to detect imaging agents. Nanoparticle and macromolecular agents show promise due to their higher fluorine density and longer circulation times; however, their analyte scope is limited to analytes that induce cleavage events. A grand challenge for researchers in this area is adapting lessons learned from small molecule paramagnetic probes with promising in vitro activities for the development of probes with enhanced in vivo utility for basic biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Rahul T. Kadakia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Emily L. Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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31
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Gambino G, Gambino T, Pohmann R, Angelovski G. A ratiometric 19F MR-based method for the quantification of Ca2+ using responsive paramagnetic probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3492-3495. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A custom made lanthanide complex with a high number of fluorine atoms was used to develop a quantitative method to assess calcium ion concentration by means of 19F chemical shift imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Tanja Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- MPI for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
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32
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Chen H, Tang X, Gong X, Chen D, Li A, Sun C, Lin H, Gao J. Reversible redox-responsive 1H/19F MRI molecular probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4106-4109. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The redox-responsive manganese(ii)/(iii) complexes serve as a pair of reversible probes for 1H MRI and 19F MRI of biological redox species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Xiaoxue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Xuanqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Dongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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Wang C, Adams SR, Xu H, Zhu W, Ahrens ET. β‑Diketonate-Iron(III) Complex: A Versatile Fluorine-19 MRI Signal Enhancement Agent. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3836-3842. [PMID: 33981964 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained considerable momentum as a promising imaging modality for in vivo tracking of cellular therapies and as a diagnostic for inflammatory disease. To further the utility of this technique, we increase imaging probe sensitivity by merging paramagnetic metal chelates with aqueous perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions. We prepared a highly fluorinated ferric tris(β-diketonate) chelate (MW = 1265.2 g/mol) at gram scale. This iron chelate is soluble in multiple PFC oils used for MRI and readily reduces the 19F longitudinal relaxation time (T 1) to <100 ms with modest line broadening and displays superior properties for 19F MRI applications. The sensitivity enhancement by Fe(III) laden PFC nanoemulsion was confirmed in MRI phantom studies, where reduced T 1 speeds data acquisition thereby increasing the 19F image sensitivity per time via signal averaging. Additionally, 19F relaxivity of nanoemulsions incorporating other metal ions, including Gd, Er, Ho, Dy, Mn, Cr, and Ni, were evaluated. High-moment lanthanide ions, such as Gd(III), display severe line broadening, but other ions [e.g., Ho(III)] induce pseudocontact chemical shifts (up to 0.5 ppm) of 19F in nanoemulsion, which makes them potentially useful for multichromatic 19F imaging. Formulated nanoemulsions have a shelf life >200 days. Free β-diketonate or its iron complex in formed PFC nanoemulsion did not induce cytotoxicity in intracellularly labeled macrophages. Overall, ferric tris(β-diketonate) chelate provides a scalable approach for boosting sensitivity of PFC-based 19F MRI probes. More generally, it can functionalize PFC oil, whose chemical modification remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wenlian Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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34
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Pujales-Paradela R, Savić T, Pérez-Lourido P, Esteban-Gómez D, Angelovski G, Botta M, Platas-Iglesias C. Lanthanide Complexes with 1H paraCEST and 19F Response for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7571-7583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pujales-Paradela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 Coruña, Galicia Spain
| | - Tanja Savić
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paulo Pérez-Lourido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 Coruña, Galicia Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 Coruña, Galicia Spain
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35
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Fluorinated MRI contrast agents and their versatile applications in the biomedical field. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1157-1175. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been recognized as one of the most applied medical imaging techniques in clinical practice. However, the presence of background signal coming from water protons in surrounding tissues makes sometimes the visualization of local contrast agents difficult. To remedy this, fluorine has been introduced as a reliable perspective, thanks to its magnetic properties being relatively close to those of protons. In this review, we aim to give an overall description of fluorine incorporation in contrast agents for MRI. The different kinds of fluorinated probes such as perfluorocarbons, fluorinated dendrimers, polymers and paramagnetic probes will be described, as will their imaging applications such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, physico-chemical changes detection, drug delivery, cell tracking and inflammation or tumors detection.
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36
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Hill LK, Frezzo JA, Katyal P, Hoang DM, Gironda ZBY, Xu C, Xie X, Delgado-Fukushima E, Wadghiri YZ, Montclare JK. Protein-Engineered Nanoscale Micelles for Dynamic 19F Magnetic Resonance and Therapeutic Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2969-2985. [PMID: 30758189 PMCID: PMC6945506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered proteins provide an interesting template for designing fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, yet progress has been hindered by the unpredictable relaxation properties of fluorine. Herein, we present the biosynthesis of a protein block copolymer, termed "fluorinated thermoresponsive assembled protein" (F-TRAP), which assembles into a monodisperse nanoscale micelle with interesting 19F NMR properties and the ability to encapsulate and release small therapeutic molecules, imparting potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) agent. The assembly of the F-TRAP micelle, composed of a coiled-coil pentamer corona and a hydrophobic, thermoresponsive elastin-like polypeptide core, results in a drastic depression in spin-spin relaxation ( T2) times and unaffected spin-lattice relaxation ( T1) times. The nearly unchanging T1 relaxation rates and linearly dependent T2 relaxation rates have allowed for detection via zero echo time 19F MRI, and the in vivo MR potential has been preliminarily explored using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This fluorinated micelle has also demonstrated the ability to encapsulate the small-molecule chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and release its cargo in a thermoresponsive manner owing to its inherent stimuli-responsive properties, presenting an interesting avenue for the development of thermoresponsive 19F MRI/MRS-traceable theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Joseph A. Frezzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Dung Minh Hoang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Zakia Ben Youss Gironda
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Erika Delgado-Fukushima
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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Accelerated 19F·MRI Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 through Responsive Deactivation of Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:4826520. [PMID: 30944549 PMCID: PMC6421815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4826520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic gadolinium ions (GdIII), complexed within DOTA-based chelates, have become useful tools to increase the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in tissues of interest. Recently, "on/off" probes serving as 19F·MRI biosensors for target enzymes have emerged that utilize the increase in transverse (T 2 ∗ or T 2) relaxation times upon cleavage of the paramagnetic GdIII centre. Molecular 19F·MRI has the advantage of high specificity due to the lack of background signal but suffers from low signal intensity that leads to low spatial resolution and long recording times. In this work, an "on/off" probe concept is introduced that utilizes responsive deactivation of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) to generate 19F longitudinal (T 1) relaxation contrast for accelerated molecular MRI. The probe concept is applied to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of enzymes linked with many inflammatory diseases and cancer that modify bioactive extracellular substrates. The presence of these biomarkers in extracellular space makes MMPs an accessible target for responsive PRE deactivation probes. Responsive PRE deactivation in a 19F biosensor probe, selective for MMP-2 and MMP-9, is shown to enable molecular MRI contrast at significantly reduced experimental times compared to previous methods. PRE deactivation was caused by MMP through cleavage of a protease substrate that served as a linker between the fluorine-containing moiety and a paramagnetic GdIII-bound DOTA complex. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI and, alternatively, short echo times in standard gradient echo (GE) MRI were employed to cope with the fast 19F transverse relaxation of the PRE active probe in its "on-state." Upon responsive PRE deactivation, the 19F·MRI signal from the "off-state" probe diminished, thereby indicating the presence of the target enzyme through the associated negative MRI contrast. Null point 1H·MRI, obtainable within a short time course, was employed to identify false-positive 19F·MRI responses caused by dilution of the contrast agent.
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Pujales‐Paradela R, Savić T, Esteban‐Gómez D, Angelovski G, Carniato F, Botta M, Platas‐Iglesias C. Gadolinium(III)‐Based Dual1H/19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes. Chemistry 2019; 25:4782-4792. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pujales‐Paradela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento, de QuímicaFacultade de CienciasUniversidade da Coruña 15071 A Coruña Galicia Spain
| | - Tanja Savić
- MR Neuroimaging AgentsMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - David Esteban‐Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento, de QuímicaFacultade de CienciasUniversidade da Coruña 15071 A Coruña Galicia Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging AgentsMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione TecnologicaUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro” Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione TecnologicaUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro” Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Carlos Platas‐Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento, de QuímicaFacultade de CienciasUniversidade da Coruña 15071 A Coruña Galicia Spain
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39
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Wahsner J, Gale EM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers. Chem Rev 2019; 119:957-1057. [PMID: 30350585 PMCID: PMC6516866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long-term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahsner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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40
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Pujales-Paradela R, Savić T, Brandariz I, Pérez-Lourido P, Angelovski G, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C. Reinforced Ni(ii)-cyclam derivatives as dual1H/19F MRI probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4115-4118. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extremely inert paramagnetic nickel(ii) complexes based on a cross-bridged cyclam platform present responses at the1H (CEST) and19F frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pujales-Paradela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Tanja Savić
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Isabel Brandariz
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Paulo Pérez-Lourido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo
- As Lagoas
- Marcosende
- 36310 Pontevedra
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
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41
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Pinto SMA, Calvete MJF, Ghica ME, Soler S, Gallardo I, Pallier A, Laranjo MB, Cardoso AMS, Castro MMCA, Brett CMA, Pereira MM, Tóth É, Geraldes CFGC. A biocompatible redox MRI probe based on a Mn(ii)/Mn(iii) porphyrin. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3249-3262. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble fluorinated MnIII/II porphyrin responds reversibly to ascorbate redox state as a turn-on MRI probe.
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42
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Herynek V, Martinisková M, Bobrova Y, Gálisová A, Kotek J, Hermann P, Koucký F, Jirák D, Hájek M. Low-molecular-weight paramagnetic 19F contrast agents for fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:115-122. [PMID: 30498883 PMCID: PMC6514088 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective 19F MRI requires biocompatible and non-toxic soluble contrast agents with high fluorine content and with suitable 19F relaxation times. Probes based on a DOTP chelate with 12 magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (DOTP-tfe) and a lanthanide(III) ion shortening the relaxation times were prepared and tested. Methods Complexes of DOTP-tfe with trivalent paramagnetic Ce, Dy, Ho, Tm, and Yb ions were synthetized and characterized. 19F relaxation times were determined and compared to those of the La complex and of the empty ligand. In vitro and in vivo 19F MRI was performed at 4.7 T. Results 19F relaxation times strongly depended on the chelated lanthanide(III) ion. T1 ranged from 6.5 to 287 ms, T2 from 3.9 to 124.4 ms, and T2* from 1.1 to 3.1 ms. All complexes in combination with optimized sequences provided sufficient signal in vitro under conditions mimicking experiments in vivo (concentrations 1.25 mM, 15-min scanning time). As a proof of concept, two contrast agents were injected into the rat muscle; 19F MRI in vivo confirmed the in vivo applicability of the probe. Conclusion DOTP-based 19F probes showed suitable properties for in vitro and in vivo visualization and biological applications. The lanthanide(III) ions enabled us to shorten the relaxation times and to trim the probes according to the actual needs. Similar to the clinically approved Gd3+ chelates, this customized probe design ensures consistent biochemical properties and similar safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague, Czech Republic.
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Martinisková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yulia Bobrova
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gálisová
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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Liu X, Jiang ZX, Yu BY, Jeong EK. Study of kinetics of 19F-MRI using a fluorinated imaging agent (19FIT) on a 3T clinical MRI system. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:97-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Suturina EA, Mason K, Geraldes CFGC, Chilton NF, Parker D, Kuprov I. Lanthanide-induced relaxation anisotropy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17676-17686. [PMID: 29932451 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide ions accelerate nuclear spin relaxation by two primary mechanisms: dipolar and Curie. Both are commonly assumed to depend on the length of the lanthanide-nucleus vector, but not on its direction. Here we show experimentally that this is wrong - careful proton relaxation data analysis in a series of isostructural lanthanide complexes (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) reveals angular dependence in both Curie and dipolar relaxation. The reasons are: (a) that magnetic susceptibility anisotropy can be of the same order of magnitude as the isotropic part (contradicting the unstated assumption in Guéron's theory of the Curie relaxation process), and (b) that zero-field splitting can be much stronger than the electron Zeeman interaction (Bloembergen's original theory of the lanthanide-induced dipolar relaxation process makes the opposite assumption). These factors go beyond the well researched cross-correlation effects; they alter the relaxation theory treatment and make strong angular dependencies appear in the nuclear spin relaxation rates. Those dependencies are impossible to ignore - this is now demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, and suggests that a major revision is needed of the way lanthanide-induced relaxation data are used in structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Suturina
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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45
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Peterson KL, Srivastava K, Pierre VC. Fluorinated Paramagnetic Complexes: Sensitive and Responsive Probes for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging. Front Chem 2018; 6:160. [PMID: 29876342 PMCID: PMC5974164 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chemical and physiological processes is becoming more widespread. The strength of this technique comes from the negligible background signal in in vivo19F MRI and the large chemical shift window of 19F that enables it to image concomitantly more than one marker. These same advantages have also been successfully exploited in the design of responsive 19F probes. Part of the recent growth of this technique can be attributed to novel designs of 19F probes with improved imaging parameters due to the incorporation of paramagnetic metal ions. In this review, we provide a description of the theories and strategies that have been employed successfully to improve the sensitivity of 19F probes with paramagnetic metal ions. The Bloch-Wangsness-Redfield theory accurately predicts how molecular parameters such as internuclear distance, geometry, rotational correlation times, as well as the nature, oxidation state, and spin state of the metal ion affect the sensitivity of the fluorine-based probes. The principles governing the design of responsive 19F probes are subsequently described in a "how to" guide format. Examples of such probes and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted through a synopsis of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, United States
| | - Kriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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46
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Önal E, Zhang C, Davarcı D, İşci Ü, Pilet G, Whittaker AK, Dumoulin F. Cyclotriphosphazene, a scaffold for 19 F MRI contrast agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Hyder F, Manjura Hoque S. Brain Tumor Diagnostics and Therapeutics with Superparamagnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6387217. [PMID: 29375280 PMCID: PMC5742516 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6387217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferrite nanoparticles (F-NPs) can transform both cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Superparamagnetic F-NPs exhibit high magnetic moment and susceptibility such that in presence of a static magnetic field transverse relaxation rate of water protons for MRI contrast is augmented to locate F-NPs (i.e., diagnostics) and exposed to an alternating magnetic field local temperature is increased to induce tissue necrosis (i.e., thermotherapy). F-NPs are modified by chemical synthesis of mixed spinel ferrites as well as their size, shape, and coating. Purposely designed drug-containing nanoparticles (D-NPs) can slowly deliver drugs (i.e., chemotherapy). Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of D-NPs with MRI guidance improves glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. MRI monitors the location of chemotherapy when D-NPs and F-NPs are coadministered with CED. However superparamagnetic field gradients produced by F-NPs complicate MRI readouts (spatial distortions) and MRS (extensive line broadening). Since extracellular pH (pHe) is a cancer hallmark, pHe imaging is needed to screen cancer treatments. Biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts (BIRDS) extrapolates pHe from paramagnetically shifted signals and the pHe accuracy remains unaffected by F-NPs. Hence effect of both chemotherapy and thermotherapy can be monitored (by BIRDS), whereas location of F-NPs is revealed (by MRI). Smarter tethering of nanoparticles and agents will impact GBM theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S. Manjura Hoque
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Materials Science Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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48
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Basal LA, Bailey MD, Romero J, Ali MM, Kurenbekova L, Yustein J, Pautler RG, Allen MJ. Fluorinated Eu II-based multimodal contrast agent for temperature- and redox-responsive magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8345-8350. [PMID: 29780447 PMCID: PMC5933353 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using redox-active, EuII-containing complexes is one of the most promising techniques for noninvasively imaging hypoxia in vivo. In this technique, positive (T1-weighted) contrast enhancement persists in areas of relatively low oxidizing ability, such as hypoxic tissue. Herein, we describe a fluorinated, EuII-containing complex in which the redox-active metal is caged by intramolecular interactions. The position of the fluorine atoms enables temperature-responsive contrast enhancement in the reduced form of the contrast agent and detection of the oxidized contrast agent via MRI in vivo. Positive contrast is observed in 1H-MRI with Eu in the +2 oxidation state, and chemical exchange saturation transfer and 19F-MRI signal are observed with Eu in the +3 oxidation state. Contrast enhancement is controlled by the redox state of Eu, and modulated by the fluorous interactions that cage a bound water molecule reduce relaxivity in a temperature-dependent fashion. Together, these advancements constitute the first report of in vivo, redox-responsive imaging using 19F-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Basal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA .
| | - Matthew D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA .
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza , Houston , Texas 77030 , USA .
| | - Meser M Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery , Henry Ford Hospital , 1 Ford Place , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX 77030 , USA
| | - Jason Yustein
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX 77030 , USA
- Department of Pediatrics , Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX 77030 , USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza , Houston , Texas 77030 , USA .
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA .
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49
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Blahut J, Bernášek K, Gálisová A, Herynek V, Císařová I, Kotek J, Lang J, Matějková S, Hermann P. Paramagnetic 19F Relaxation Enhancement in Nickel(II) Complexes of N-Trifluoroethyl Cyclam Derivatives and Cell Labeling for 19F MRI. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13337-13348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blahut
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Bernášek
- Department of Low
Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), V Holešovičkách
2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Gálisová
- Department of Radiodiagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Herynek
- Department of Radiodiagnostic
and Interventional Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low
Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), V Holešovičkách
2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Matějková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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50
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Xie D, Kim S, Kohli V, Banerjee A, Yu M, Enriquez JS, Luci JJ, Que EL. Hypoxia-Responsive 19F MRI Probes with Improved Redox Properties and Biocompatibility. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6429-6437. [PMID: 28537705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an emerging modality in biomedical imaging, has shown promise for in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Here we present a series of fluorinated Cu(II)ATSM derivatives for potential use as 19F magnetic resonance agents for sensing cellular hypoxia. The synthesized complexes feature a hypoxia-targeting Cu2+ coordination core, nine equivalent fluorine atoms connected via a variable-length poly(ethylene glycol) linker. Introduction of the fluorine moiety maintains the planar coordination geometry of the Cu2+ center, while the linker length modulates the Cu2+/+ reduction potential, 19F NMR relaxation properties, and lipophilicity. In particular, the 19F NMR relaxation properties were quantitatively evaluated by the Solomon-Bloembergen model, revealing a regular pattern of relaxation enhancement tuned by the distance between Cu2+ and F atoms. Finally, the potential utility of these complexes for sensing reductive environments was demonstrated using both 19F MR phantom imaging and 19F NMR, including experiments in intact live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Vikraant Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - José S Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Luci
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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