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Chen J, Yi J, Zhu W, Zhang W, An T. Oxygen Isotope Tracing Study to Directly Reveal the Role of O 2 and H 2O in the Photocatalytic Oxidation Mechanism of Gaseous Monoaromatics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16617-16626. [PMID: 34870981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
O2 and H2O influence the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of gaseous monoaromatics, but still in an unclear manner, due to the lack of direct evidence. Tracing an oxygen atom from 16O2 and H218O to intermediates can clarify their roles. The low H218O content suppressed the formation of benzenedicarboxaldehydes during the oxidation of xylenes and 16O2 greatly affected the yield of total intermediates, while neither of them altered the percentage order of the products. Methylbenzaldehydes, methylbenzyl alcohols, and benzenedicarboxaldehydes possessed greater 16O percentage (≥69.49%), while higher 18O distribution was observed in methylbenzoic acids and phthalide (≥59.51%). Together with the interconversion results of the products revealed, 16O2 determined the transformation of xylenes initially to methylbenzaldehydes and then to methylbenzyl alcohols or benzenedicarboxaldehydes, while H218O mainly contributed to conversion of methylbenzaldehydes to methylbenzoic acids or phthalide. Further interaction sites of xylene and its products with H2O and O2 were confirmed by molecular dynamics calculations. The same roles of 16O2 and H218O in the degradation of toluene, ethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were also verified. This is the first report that provides direct evidence for the roles of O2 and H2O in the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of gaseous monoaromatics. These findings are helpful to achieve controllable product formation from the oxidation of monoaromatics and predict their migration process in the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajing Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weikun Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Qiao X, Lin Y, Li J, Ma W, Zhao J. All at once arrangement of both oxygen atoms of dioxygen into aliphatic C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds for hydroxyketone difunctionalization. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Enhanced photocatalytic alkane production from fatty acid decarboxylation via inhibition of radical oligomerization. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Liu W, Hu S, Wang Y, Zhang B, Jin R, Hu L. Anchoring Plasmonic Ag@AgCl Nanocrystals onto ZnCo 2O 4 Microspheres with Enhanced Visible Photocatalytic Activity. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:108. [PMID: 30915708 PMCID: PMC6435780 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive investigation of the composite Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 microspheres photocatalyst, prepared by a facile two-step method, is presented, and using complementary characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Results show that the composite Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 photocatalyst has good microspheres morphology and high crystalline and its absorption intensity in the whole spectrum range is higher than that of pure ZnCo2O4. It is observed that the specific surface area of the composite Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 photocatalyst and the adsorption efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) increase as a result of deposition of Ag@AgCl. In the Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 degradation system of RhB, the photocatalytic degradation rate of 0.2Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 becomes 99.4% within 120 min, and RhB is almost completely degraded. The reaction rate constant of composite 0.2Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 photocatalyst is found to be 0.01063 min-1, which is 1.6 times that of Ag@AgCl and 10 times of the minimum value of ZnCo2O4. In addition, the radical capture experiment indicates that, in the reaction system of Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4, the main oxidative species of Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 photocatalyst are superoxide anion (O·- 2- 2) and hole (h+) and not hydroxyl radical (·OH). Based on the results, a Z-scheme plasmon photocatalytic mechanism of Ag@AgCl/ZnCo2O4 composite system is proposed, to elucidate the RhB degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangqi Hu
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Riya Jin
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishuang Hu
- Environmental and Safety Engineering Institute, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051 People’s Republic of China
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5
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Ngo S, Betts LM, Dappozze F, Guillard C. Photocatalytic Selectivities of Ethane, Methane and Dimethylether Controlled by Reaction Conditions and TiO2 Structure in the Degradation of Acetic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Son Ngo
- University of LyonInstitute of Researches on Catalysis and Environment in Lyon (IRCELYON) CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 2 avenue Albert Einstein F- 69626 Villeurbanne France
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology 8 Vien street, Duc Thang commune, North Tu Liem district Hanoi Vie
| | - Lynn M. Betts
- University of LyonInstitute of Researches on Catalysis and Environment in Lyon (IRCELYON) CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 2 avenue Albert Einstein F- 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Frederic Dappozze
- University of LyonInstitute of Researches on Catalysis and Environment in Lyon (IRCELYON) CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 2 avenue Albert Einstein F- 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Chantal Guillard
- University of LyonInstitute of Researches on Catalysis and Environment in Lyon (IRCELYON) CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 2 avenue Albert Einstein F- 69626 Villeurbanne France
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6
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Tarantino G, Hammond C. Catalytic Formation of C(sp3)–F Bonds via Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarantino
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ceri Hammond
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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7
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de Oliveira Livera D, Leshuk T, Peru KM, Headley JV, Gu F. Structure-reactivity relationship of naphthenic acids in the photocatalytic degradation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:180-190. [PMID: 29482010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bitumen extraction in Canada's oil sands generates oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) as a toxic by-product. Naphthenic acids (NAs) contribute to the water's toxicity, and treatment methods may need to be implemented to enable safe discharge. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) for OSPW remediation, however, its successful implementation requires understanding of the complicated relationship between structure and reactivity of NAs. This work aimed to study the effect of various structural properties of model compounds on the photocatalytic degradation kinetics via high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), including diamondoid structures, heteroatomic species, and degree of unsaturation. The rate of photocatalytic treatment increased significantly with greater structural complexity, namely with carbon number, aromaticity and degree of cyclicity, properties that render particular NAs recalcitrant to biodegradation. It is hypothesized that a superoxide radical-mediated pathway explains these observations and offers additional benefits over traditional hydroxyl radical-based AOPs. Detailed structure-reactivity investigations of NAs in photocatalysis have not previously been undertaken, and the results described herein illustrate the potential benefit of combining photocatalysis and biodegradation as a complete OSPW remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo de Oliveira Livera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tim Leshuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Frank Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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8
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Zhang W, Innocenti G, Oulego P, Gitis V, Wu H, Ensing B, Cavani F, Rothenberg G, Shiju NR. Highly Selective Oxidation of Ethyl Lactate to Ethyl Pyruvate Catalyzed by Mesoporous Vanadia-Titania. ACS Catal 2018. [PMID: 29527403 PMCID: PMC5839604 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
direct oxidative dehydrogenation of lactates with molecular
oxygen is a “greener” alternative for producing pyruvates.
Here we report a one-pot synthesis of mesoporous vanadia–titania
(VTN), acting as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the
conversion of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate. These VTN materials
feature high surface areas, large pore volumes, and high densities
of isolated vanadium species, which can expose the active sites and
facilitate the mass transport. In comparison to homogeneous vanadium
complexes and VOx/TiO2 prepared
by impregnation, the meso-VTN catalysts showed superior activity,
selectivity, and stability in the aerobic oxidation of ethyl lactate
to ethyl pyruvate. We also studied the effect of various vanadium
precursors, which revealed that the vanadium-induced phase transition
of meso-VTN from anatase to rutile depends strongly on the vanadium
precursor. NH4VO3 was found to be the optimal
vanadium precursor, forming more monomeric vanadium species. V4+ as the major valence state was incorporated into the lattice
of the NH4VO3-derived VTN material, yielding
more V4+–O–Ti bonds in the anatase-dominant
structure. In situ DRIFT spectroscopy and density functional theory
calculations show that V4+–O–Ti bonds are
responsible for the dissociation of ethyl lactate over VTN catalysts
and for further activation of the deprotonation of β-hydrogen.
Molecular oxygen can replenish the surface oxygen to regenerate the
V4+–O–Ti bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Innocenti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio
INSTM, UdR di Bologna, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, s/n., E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vitaly Gitis
- Unit
of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bernd Ensing
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio
INSTM, UdR di Bologna, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhang W, Innocenti G, Ferbinteanu M, Ramos-Fernandez EV, Sepulveda-Escribano A, Wu H, Cavani F, Rothenberg G, Shiju NR. Understanding the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate over vanadia/titania. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the vapour-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate over V2O5/TiO2 catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Giada Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna
- 40136 Bologna
- Italy
- Consorzio INSTM
| | - Marilena Ferbinteanu
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- University of Bucharest
- Bucharest 020462
- Romania
| | - Enrique V. Ramos-Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig
- Spain
| | - Antonio Sepulveda-Escribano
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig
- Spain
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna
- 40136 Bologna
- Italy
- Consorzio INSTM
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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10
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Wu L, Jing B, Tong S, Wang W, Ge M. Temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:107-112. [PMID: 28372734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the temperature dependence of the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on Arizona test dust (ATD) has been investigated within a temperature range of 255-315K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Combined with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiment, it was found that acrylic acid could adsorb on ATD via surface OH groups and convert to carboxylate on the particle surface. The kinetics study suggests that the initial true uptake coefficient (γt) of acrylic acid on ATD decreases from (4.02±0.12)×10-5 to (1.73±0.05)×10-5 with a temperature increase from 255 to 315K. According to the temperature dependence of uptake coefficients, the enthalpy (ΔHobs) and entropy (ΔSobs) of uptake processes were determined to be -(9.60±0.38) KJ/mol and -(121.55±1.33) J·K/mol, respectively. The activation energy for desorption (Edes) was calculated to be (14.57±0.60) KJ/mol. These results indicated that the heterogeneous uptake of acrylic acid on ATD surface was sensitive to temperature. The heterogeneous uptake on ATD could affect the concentration of acrylic acid in the atmosphere, especially at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yidan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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11
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Leshuk T, Wong T, Linley S, Peru KM, Headley JV, Gu F. Solar photocatalytic degradation of naphthenic acids in oil sands process-affected water. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1854-1861. [PMID: 26539710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bitumen mining in the Canadian oil sands creates large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), the toxicity of which is due in part to naphthenic acids (NAs) and other acid extractable organics (AEO). The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of solar photocatalysis over TiO2 to remove AEO from OSPW. One day of photocatalytic treatment under natural sunlight (25 MJ/m(2) over ∼14 h daylight) eradicated AEO from raw OSPW, and acute toxicity of the OSPW toward Vibrio fischeri was eliminated. Nearly complete mineralization of organic carbon was achieved within 1-7 day equivalents of sunlight exposure, and degradation was shown to proceed through a superoxide-mediated oxidation pathway. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis of oxidized intermediate compounds indicated preferential degradation of the heavier and more cyclic NAs (higher number of double bond equivalents), which are the most environmentally persistent fractions. The photocatalyst was shown to be recyclable for multiple uses, and thus solar photocatalysis may be a promising "green" advanced oxidation process (AOP) for OSPW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leshuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Timothy Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stuart Linley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Frank Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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12
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Shi T, Chang W, Zhang H, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. H2O-involved two-electron pathway for photooxidation of aldehydes on TiO2: an isotope labeling study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3024-3031. [PMID: 25648875 DOI: 10.1021/es5049539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde pollution has been receiving increasing environmental concern recently. In this study, the photooxidation of aldehydes to carboxylates on the TiO2 surface was studied by an oxygen-isotope-labeling method. The solvent H2O was found to contribute much to the oxygen source of the formed carboxylate, which cannot be explained if the conventional O2-involved free radical chain reaction is the only mechanism for the photocatalytic oxidation of aldehydes. We also observed that, unlike in the TiO2 photocatalytic system, the aldehyde oxidation in homogeneous solutions initiated by single electron oxidant (•)OH and SO4(•-) radicals inserted a small O atom of H2O into the product acids. The detailed experiments, combined with DFT calculation, revealed the existence of a new pathway for the oxidation of aldehyde on TiO2, in which, analogous to oxidation of aldehyde by dehydrogenase, the aldehyde undergoes a hydration first and subsequently is oxidized through a two-electron transfer process. The present study highlights the multielectron characteristic of TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation and can have implications for the oxidation of aldehyde in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institution Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Unraveling the photocatalytic mechanisms on TiO2 surfaces using the oxygen-18 isotopic label technique. Molecules 2014; 19:16291-311. [PMID: 25310153 PMCID: PMC6271656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last several decades TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation using the molecular oxygen in air has emerged as a promising method for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants and selective transformations of valuable organic chemicals. Despite extensive studies, the mechanisms of these photocatalytic reactions are still poorly understood due to their complexity. In this review, we will highlight how the oxygen-18 isotope labeling technique can be a powerful tool to elucidate complicated photocatalytic mechanisms taking place on the TiO2 surface. To this end, the application of the oxygen-18 isotopic-labeling method to three representative photocatalytic reactions is discussed: (1) the photocatalytic hydroxylation of aromatics; (2) oxidative cleavage of aryl rings on the TiO2 surface; and (3) photocatalytic decarboxylation of saturated carboxylic acids. The results show that the oxygen atoms of molecular oxygen can incorporate into the corresponding products in aqueous solution in all three of these reactions, but the detailed incorporation pathways are completely different in each case. For the hydroxylation process, the O atom in O2 is shown to be incorporated through activation of O2 by conduction band electrons. In the cleavage of aryl rings, O atoms are inserted into the aryl ring through the site-dependent coordination of reactants on the TiO2 surface. A new pathway for the decarboxylation of saturated carboxylic acids with pyruvic acid as an intermediate is identified, and the O2 is incorporated into the products through the further oxidation of pyruvic acid by active species from the activation of O2 by conduction band electrons.
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14
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Determining the TiO2-photocatalytic aryl-ring-opening mechanism in aqueous solution using oxygen-18 labeled O2 and H2O. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8714-21. [PMID: 24850419 DOI: 10.1021/ja5031936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecules O2 and H2O dominate the cleavage of aromatic sp(2) C-C bonds, a crucial step in the degradation of aromatic pollutants in aqueous TiO2 photocatalysis, but their precise roles in this process have remained elusive. This can be attributed to the complex oxidative species involved and to a lack of available models for reactions with a high yield of direct products. Here, we used oxygen-18 isotope labeled O2 and H2O to observe the aromatic ring-opening reaction of the model compound 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBC), which was mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis in an aqueous acetonitrile solution. By analyzing the primary intermediate products (∼75% yield), especially the seven-membered ring anhydrides that were formed, we obtained direct evidence for the oxygen atom of dioxygen insertion into a C-C bond of the aromatic ring. This indicates that molecular oxygen is the ultimate ring-opening agent in TiO2 photocatalysis and that it undergoes single O atom incorporation rather than the previously proposed molecular oxygen 1,2-addition processes. The ratio of intradiol to extradiol products depends on the particle size of TiO2 catalysts used, which suggests that the O2 activation is correlated with the available coordination sites on the TiO2 surface in the photocatalytic cleavage of the aromatic ring.
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Tang C, Jiao N. Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage for CN Bond Formation: From Ketones to Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6528-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191 (China)
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191 (China)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032 (China)
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Tang C, Jiao N. Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage for CN Bond Formation: From Ketones to Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191 (China)
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191 (China)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032 (China)
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Sun Y, Chang W, Ji H, Chen C, Ma W, Zhao J. An unexpected fluctuating reactivity for odd and even carbon numbers in the TiO2-based photocatalytic decarboxylation of C2-C6 dicarboxylic acids. Chemistry 2014; 20:1861-70. [PMID: 24402745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The degradation behaviours of five straight-chain dicarboxylic acids (from ethanedioic acid to hexanedioic acid) were compared in aqueous TiO2-based photocatalysis. When all other conditions were identical, the degradation rates were found to fluctuate regularly with the parity of the number of carbon atoms. Dicarboxylic acids with an even number of carbon atoms (e-DAs) always degraded more slowly than those acids with an odd number of carbon atoms (o-DAs). This unusual fluctuation in the reactivity for the degradation of dicarboxylic acids by TiO2-based photocatalysis is very closely related to the different pre-coordination modes of the acids with the photocatalyst. Attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) of e-DAs labelled with (13)C showed that both carboxyl groups of the acid coordinate to TiO2 through bidentate chelating forms. In contrast, only one carboxyl group of the o-DAs coordinated to TiO2 in a bidentate chelating manner, whereas the other formed a monodentate binding linkage. The bidentate chelating form with bilateral symmetric coordination did not favour degradation. Isotope-labelling experiments were performed with (18)O2 to observe the different ways in which incorporated oxygen entered the initial decarboxylated products of e- and o-DAs. For the degradation of butanedioic acid, (45.9±0.5) % of the oxygen in the formed propanedioic acid came from H2O, whereas for pentanedioic acid, (97.4±0.2) % of the oxygen in the formed butanedioic acid came from H2O. Our results demonstrate that in TiO2-based photocatalysis, the reactivity of active species, such as ·OH/h(vb)(+), is far from non-selective and that the attacks of these active species on organic substrates are significantly affected by the coordination patterns of the substrates on the TiO2 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
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Montoya JF, Ivanova I, Dillert R, Bahnemann DW, Salvador P, Peral J. Catalytic Role of Surface Oxygens in TiO2 Photooxidation Reactions: Aqueous Benzene Photooxidation with Ti(18)O2 under Anaerobic Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1415-1422. [PMID: 26282293 DOI: 10.1021/jz400580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Montoya
- †Departamento de Quı́mica, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Irina Ivanova
- ‡Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Dillert
- ‡Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef W Bahnemann
- ‡Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pedro Salvador
- †Departamento de Quı́mica, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - José Peral
- †Departamento de Quı́mica, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
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Zhao Y, Ma W, Li Y, Ji H, Chen C, Zhu H, Zhao J. The Surface-Structure Sensitivity of Dioxygen Activation in the Anatase-Photocatalyzed Oxidation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Zhao Y, Ma W, Li Y, Ji H, Chen C, Zhu H, Zhao J. The Surface-Structure Sensitivity of Dioxygen Activation in the Anatase-Photocatalyzed Oxidation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3188-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li Y, Wen B, Yu C, Chen C, Ji H, Ma W, Zhao J. Pathway of Oxygen Incorporation from O2 in TiO2 Photocatalytic Hydroxylation of Aromatics: Oxygen Isotope Labeling Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:2030-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Geiseler B, Fruk L. Bifunctional catechol based linkers for modification of TiO2surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yanfen F, Yingping H, Jing Y, Pan W, Genwei C. Unique ability of BiOBr to decarboxylate d-Glu and d-MeAsp in the photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1593-1600. [PMID: 21247106 DOI: 10.1021/es103422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth oxide bromide, BiOBr, was used to catalyze the degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water at neutral pH under visible light. During the investigation, twelve intermediates from MC-LR decomposition were identified by LC-MS. In addition to attacking MC-LR at the typically susceptible sites (i.e., the conjugated double bond of the Adda chain and terminal unsaturated bond of the Mdha chain), the BiOBr photocatalyst has the remarkable ability to decarboxylate the free acid groups on d-glutamic acid (Glu) and methyl-d-aspartic acid (MeAsp). This reactivity has not been previously observed with TiO2 photocatalysis or with other MC-LR treatments in which decarboxylation does not occur until the MC-LR ring has been cleaved or mineralized to CO2. Some expected intermediate products were detected with oxygen-18 labeling by using H2(18)O as the solvent to confirm that the decarboxylation process is mediated by BiOBr. Results from characterizing the intermediates as well as oxygen-18 labeling studies indicates that oxidative decarboxylation of MC-LR by BiOBr photocatalysis is not always initiated by hydroxyl radical attack (and/or interaction with a hole followed by hydrolysis) proposed mechanism in TiO2 photocatalysis, whereas likely caused by a direct interaction between photoinduced hole of BiOBr and free carboxyl groups of MC-LR. This unusual decarboxylation behavior seems to be associated with the particular valence band and conduction band state of BiOBr photocatalyst. Also under BiOBr catalysis, a very stable guanidine group of l-arginine (l-Arg) that is nonreactive with TiO2 photocatalysis is converted to an amino group and subsequently oxidized to a nitro group during the decomposition of MC-LR. This reaction sequence is also related to decarboxylation because the guanidine conversion requires a completely or partially decarboxylated precursor. Our results indicate that BiOBr, a photocatalyst that selectively destroys sites crucial to MC-LR toxicity, shows great promise as a means of effectively treating drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yanfen
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Hubei Yichang 443002, China
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