1
|
Liu D, Xu S, Pei G, Xu J, Zhao X, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T. Geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of endohedral Group-14 Zintl clusters TM@E 10 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; E = Ge, Sn, Pb). J Comput Chem 2022; 43:828-838. [PMID: 35332548 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of the title endohedral Zintl clusters have been studied by using ab initio calculations. [Fe@Ge10 ]4- and [Co@Ge10 ]3- have D5h -symmetric pentagonal prismatic structure and [Fe@Sn10 ]4- adopts the C2v -symmetric structure as their ground-state structures, whereas all the other clusters possess D4d bicapped square antiprismatic structures, in consistent with the experimental values when available. Natural bonding orbital and electron localization function disclosed that the negative charges are localized on the central atoms rather than the cages while the TME ionic bonding interactions increase in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that the total bonding energy ∆Eint between central TM and E10 cage is above 150 kcal/mol. The ionic bonding interaction termed as electrostatic interaction ∆Eelstat increases in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb and becomes higher than the covalent bonding interactions termed as total orbital interactions ∆Eorb . Among the total orbital interactions, the π back donations from the TM-d orbitals to the empty cage orbitals consisting of E-p orbitals, the magnitude of which is importantly affected by the cage symmetry, are dominant contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gerui Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xintian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Pei G, Xu S, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T. Endohedral group-14-element clusters TM@E 9 (TM = Co, Ni, Cu; E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and their low-dimensional nanostructures: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20654-20665. [PMID: 34515270 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral group14-based clusters with the encapsulation of a transition metal, which are termed [TM@Em]n- (TM = transition metal and E = group-14 elements), have lots of potential applications and have been used as interesting building blocks in materials science. Nevertheless, their electronic structures and stability mechanism remain unclear. In this paper, we systematically study the geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of [TM@E9]n- clusters which are the smallest endohedral group-14-based clusters synthesized so far, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculation results reveal the important role of TMs in affecting the structures and bonding interactions in the [TM@E9]n- cluster. In the presence of a TM, the cluster geometry could change from a monocapped square antiprism (C4v) for empty [E9]4- cages to a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry (D3h) for [TM@E9]n-. By using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method, the bonding properties between the endohedral TM and E9 cluster have been thoroughly investigated. It was found that the origin of stability of these clusters is from the large electrostatic attraction with significantly reduced Pauli repulsion. In the case of orbital interactions, the π back-donations from d orbitals of the TM to the cluster make important contributions. More interestingly, the 1D-chain and 2D-sheet nanostructures based on the [Ni@E9] cluster have been theoretically predicted. The band structure and density of states analysis revealed that all of these nanostructures are metallic and their excellent thermodynamic stability has been confirmed by using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gerui Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Song Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chuncai Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhimao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China. .,Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilson RJ, Lichtenberger N, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8506-8554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Wilson RJ, Hastreiter F, Reiter K, Büschelberger P, Wolf R, Gschwind RM, Weigend F, Dehnen S. [Co@Sn
6
Sb
6
]
3−
: Ein endohedraler 12‐Atom‐Cluster mit einem nicht‐zentrierten inneren Atom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Hastreiter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Philipp Büschelberger
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wilson RJ, Hastreiter F, Reiter K, Büschelberger P, Wolf R, Gschwind RM, Weigend F, Dehnen S. [Co@Sn 6 Sb 6 ] 3- : An Off-Center Endohedral 12-Vertex Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15359-15363. [PMID: 30270504 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the asymmetric occupation of a 12-vertex cluster centered by a single metal atom. Three salts of related intermetalloid cluster anions, [Co@Sn6 Sb6 ]3- (1), [Co2 @Sn5 Sb7 ]3- (2), and [Ni2 @Sn7 Sb5 ]3- (3) were synthesized, which have pseudo-C4v -symmetric or pseudo-D4h -symmetric 12-vertex Sn/Sb shells and interstitial Co- ions or Ni atoms. Anion 1 is a very unusual single-metal-"centered" 12-atom cluster, with the inner atom being clearly offset from the cluster center for energetic reasons. Quantum chemistry served to assign atom types to the atomic positions and relative stabilities of this cluster type. The studies indicate that the structures are strictly controlled by the total valence electron count-which is particularly variable in ternary intermetalloid cluster anions. Preliminary 119 Sn NMR studies in solution, supported by quantum-chemical calculations of the shifts, illustrate the complexity regarding Sn:Sb distributions of such ternary systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hastreiter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp Büschelberger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Li LJ, Jin X, McGrady JE, Sun ZM. Reactivity Studies of [Co@Sn9]4– with Transition Metal Reagents: Bottom-Up Synthesis of Ternary Functionalized Zintl Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Geitner FS, Dums JV, Fässler TF. Derivatization of Phosphine Ligands with Bulky Deltahedral Zintl Clusters—Synthesis of Charge Neutral Zwitterionic Tetrel Cluster Compounds [(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)tBu2P]M(NHCDipp) (M: Cu, Ag, Au). J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11933-11940. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix S. Geitner
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- WACKER Institute for Silicon Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jasmin V. Dums
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiederkehr J, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis and solid state structure of a metalloid tin cluster [Sn10(trip8)]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12282-12285. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mg(i) compound (LMg)2 reacts with (trip2Sn)2 with formation of the metalloid Sn10trip8 cluster 1, which contains Sn atoms in the formal oxidations states 0, +I and +II, while the stronger Mg(i) reductant (L′Mg)2 yielded elemental tin. The reaction demonstrates the promising potential of Mg(i) compounds to serve as soluble reductants for cluster synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wiederkehr
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
| | - C. Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45114 Essen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He H, Klein W, Jantke LA, Fässler TF. Metal-Centered Zintl Ions Isolated by Direct Extraction from Endohedral Intermetallic Precursor: [Co1-x@Sn9]4-(x≈ 0.32) and [Co2@Sn17]5-. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Kocak FS, Downing DO, Zavalij P, Lam YF, Vedernikov AN, Eichhorn B. Surprising Acid/Base and Ion-Sequestration Chemistry of Sn94–: HSn93–, Ni@HSn93–, and the Sn93– Ion Revisited. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9733-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3018797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sanem Kocak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Domonique O. Downing
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Peter Zavalij
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Yiu-Fai Lam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Andrei N. Vedernikov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gillett-Kunnath MM, Paik JI, Jensen SM, Taylor JD, Sevov SC. Metal-Centered Deltahedral Zintl Ions: Synthesis of [Ni@Sn9]4– by Direct Extraction from Intermetallic Precursors and of the Vertex-Fused Dimer [{Ni@Sn8(μ-Ge)1/2}2]4–. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11695-701. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2016963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Gillett-Kunnath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joseph I. Paik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sara M. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jacob D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Slavi C. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|