1
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Carré V, Godard P, Méreau R, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Jonusauskas G, McClenaghan N, Tassaing T, Vincent JM. Photogeneration of Chlorine Radical from a Self-Assembled Fluorous 4CzIPN•Chloride Complex: Application in C-H Bond Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402964. [PMID: 38634355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The chlorine radical is a strong HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer) agent that is very useful for the functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds. Albeit highly attractive, its generation from the poorly oxidizable chloride ion mediated by an excited photoredox catalyst is a difficult task. We now report that 8Rf8-4CzIPN, an electron-deficient fluorous derivative of the benchmark 4CzIPN photoredox catalyst belonging to the donor-acceptor carbazole-cyanoarene family, is not only a better photooxidant than 4CzIPN, but also becomes an excellent host for the chloride ion. Combining these two properties ultimately makes the self-assembled 8Rf8-4CzIPN•Cl- dual catalyst highly reactive in redox-neutral Giese-type C(sp3)-H bond alkylation reactions promoted by the chlorine radical. Additionally, because of its fluorous character, the efficient separation/recovery of 8Rf8-4CzIPN could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carré
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Pascale Godard
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Raphaël Méreau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | | | - Gediminas Jonusauskas
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5798, Univ. Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Thierry Tassaing
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vincent
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
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2
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Li Y, Castillo HD, Dobscha JR, Morgan AR, Tait SL, Flood AH. Breaking Radial Dipole Symmetry in Planar Macrocycles Modulates Edge-to-Edge Packing and Disrupts Cofacial Stacking. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302946. [PMID: 37950681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar interactions are ever-present in supramolecular architectures, though their impact is typically revealed by making dipoles stronger. While it is also possible to assess the role of dipoles by altering their orientations by using synthetic design, doing so without altering the molecular shape is not straightforward. We have now done this by flipping one triazole unit in a rigid macrocycle, tricarb. The macrocycle is composed of three carbazoles (2 Debye) and three triazoles (5 Debye) defining an array of dipoles aligned radially but organized alternately in and out. These dipoles are believed to dictate edge-to-edge tiling and face-to-face stacking. We modified our synthesis to prepare isosteric macrocycles with the orientation of one triazole dipole rotated 40°. The new dipole orientation guides edge-to-edge contacts to reorder the stability of two surface-bound 2D polymorphs. The impact on dipole-enhanced π stacking, however, was unexpected. Our stacking model identified an unchanged set of short-range (3.4 Å) anti-parallel dipole contacts. Despite this situation, the reduction in self-association was attributed to long-range (~6.4 Å) dipolar repulsions between π-stacked macrocycles. This work highlights our ability to control the build-up and symmetry of macrocyclic skeletons by synthetic design, and the work needed to further our understanding of how dipoles control self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Henry D Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amanda R Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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3
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Bhattacharjee N, Gao X, Nathani A, Dobscha JR, Pink M, Ito T, Flood AH. Solvent Acts as the Referee in a Match-Up Between Charged and Preorganized Receptors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302339. [PMID: 37615829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of anion-cation contacts in biomolecular recognition under aqueous conditions suggests that ionic interactions should dominate the binding of anions in solvents across both high and low polarities. Investigations of this idea using titrations in low polarity solvents are impaired by interferences from ion pairing that prevent a clear picture of binding. To address this limitation and test the impact of ion-ion interactions across multiple solvents, we quantified chloride binding to a cationic receptor after accounting for ion pairing. In these studies, we created a chelate receptor using aryl-triazole CH donors and a quinolinium unit that directs its cationic methyl inside the binding pocket. In low-polarity dichloromethane, the 1 : 1 complex (log K1 : 1 ~ 7.3) is more stable than neutral chelates, but fortuitously comparable to a preorganized macrocycle (log K1 : 1 ~ 6.9). Polar acetonitrile and DMSO diminish stabilities of the charged receptor (log K1 : 1 ~ 3.7 and 1.9) but surprisingly 100-fold more than the macrocycle. While both receptors lose stability by dielectric screening of electrostatic stability, the cationic receptor also pays additional costs of organization. Thus even though the charged receptor has stronger binding in apolar solvents, the uncharged receptor has more anion affinity in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarupa Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Akash Nathani
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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4
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Molecular Pincers Using a Combination of N-H and C-H Donors for Anion Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010163. [PMID: 36613608 PMCID: PMC9820443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A naphthalene imide (1) and a naphthalene (2) bearing two pyrrole units have been synthesized, respectively, as anion receptors. It was revealed by 1H NMR spectral studies carried out in CD3CN that receptors 1 and 2 bind various anions via hydrogen bonds using both C-H and N-H donors. Compared with receptor 2, receptor 1 shows higher affinity for the test anions because of the enhanced acidity of its pyrrole NH and naphthalene CH hydrogens by the electron-withdrawing imide substituent. Molecular mechanics computations demonstrate that the receptors contact the halide anions via only one of the two respective available N-H and C-H donors whereas they use all four donors for binding of the oxyanions such as dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen pyrophosphate. Receptor 1, a push-pull conjugated system, displays a strong fluorescence centered at 625 nm, while receptor 2 exhibits an emission with a maximum peak at 408 nm. In contrast, upon exposure of receptors 1 and 2 to the anions in question, their fluorescence was noticeably quenched particularly with relatively basic anions including F-, H2PO4-, HP2O73-, and HCO3-.
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5
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Sheetz EG, Zhang Z, Marogil A, Che M, Pink M, Carta V, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. High‐fidelity Recognition of Organotrifluoroborate Anions (R−BF
3
−
) as Designer Guest Molecules. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201584. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Alyssa Marogil
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Minwei Che
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington 800 E. Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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6
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Parks FC, Sheetz EG, Stutsman SR, Lutolli A, Debnath S, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Revealing the Hidden Costs of Organization in Host-Guest Chemistry Using Chloride-Binding Foldamers and Their Solvent Dependence. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1274-1287. [PMID: 35015538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preorganization is a key concept in supramolecular chemistry. Preorganized receptors enhance binding by minimizing the organization costs associated with adopting the conformation needed to orient the binding sites toward the guest. Conversely, poorly organized receptors show affinities below what is possible based on the potential of their specific binding interactions. Despite the fact that the organization energy is paid each time like a tax, its value has never been measured directly, though many compounds have been developed to measure its effects. We present a method to quantify the hidden costs of receptor organization by independently measuring the contribution it makes to chloride complexation by a flexible foldameric receptor. This method uses folding energy to approximate organization energy and relies on measurement of the coil-helix equilibrium as a function of solvent. We also rely on the finding, established with rigid receptors, that affinity is inversely related to the solvent dielectric and expect the same for the foldamer's helically organized state. Increasing solvent polarity across nine dichloromethane-acetonitrile mixtures we see an unusual V-shape in affinity (decrease then increase). Quantitatively, this shape arises from weakened hydrogen-bonding interactions with solvent polarity followed by solvent-driven folding into an organized helix. We confirm that dielectric screening impacts the stability of host-guest complexes of flexible foldamers just like rigid receptors. These results experimentally verify the canonical model of binding (affinity depends on the sum of organization and noncovalent interactions). The picture of how solvent impacts complex stability and conformational organization thereby helps lay the groundwork for de novo receptor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sydney R Stutsman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alketa Lutolli
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sibali Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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7
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Molina-Muriel R, Romero JR, Li Y, Aragay G, Ballester P. The effect of solvent on the binding of anions and ion-pairs with a neutral [2]rotaxane. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9986-9995. [PMID: 34755156 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report the binding properties of rotaxane 1 towards a series of tetraalkylammonium salts of Cl-, OCN- and NO3- anions in acetone and a CHCl3/MeOH solvent mixture. We used 1H NMR titrations and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) experiments to monitor and analyze the binding processes. We compared the obtained results with those previously described by us in chloroform solution. In acetone solution, the determined binding constants for the 1 : 1 complexes were 1 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than those measured in chloroform, a less competitive solvent for hydrogen-bonding. The thermodynamic signatures of the binding processes in acetone, determined by ITC experiments, revealed favorable enthalpic and entropic contributions having similar magnitudes. These results suggested that solvation/desolvation processes in acetone play a significant role in the binding processes. Conversely, the addition of just 5% of methanol to chloroform solutions of 1 significantly reduces the magnitude of the binding constants of all studied ion-pairs. In this solvent mixture, the entropy term is also favorable but it does not compensate the experienced loss of binding enthalpy. Moreover, in acetone solution, the addition of the Cl- and OCN- tetraalkylammonium salts in excess (more than 1 equiv.) led to the immediate appearance of 2 : 1 complexes. Related high-stoichiometry complexes are not observed in the solvent mixture (CHCl3/MeOH 95/5). In chloroform, a large excess of the salt (> 6 equiv.) is required for its formation. From the analysis of the obtained binding data we infer that, in acetone and in CHCl3/MeOH mixture, the formed complexes are mainly anionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Molina-Muriel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - J Ramón Romero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Yifan Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aragay
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Fadler RE, Al Ouahabi A, Qiao B, Carta V, König NF, Gao X, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Lutz JF, Flood AH. Chain Entropy Beats Hydrogen Bonds to Unfold and Thread Dialcohol Phosphates inside Cyanostar Macrocycles To Form [3]Pseudorotaxanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4532-4546. [PMID: 33636075 PMCID: PMC8063573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of substituted phosphates underpins many processes including DNA binding, enantioselective catalysis, and recently template-directed rotaxane synthesis. Beyond ATP and a few commercial substrates, however, little is known about how substituents effect organophosphate recognition. Here, we examined alcohol substituents and their impact on recognition by cyanostar macrocycles. The organophosphates were disubstituted by alcohols of various chain lengths, dipropanol, dihexanol, and didecanol phosphate, each accessed using modular solid-phases syntheses. Based on the known size-selective binding of phosphates by π-stacked dimers of cyanostars, threaded [3]pseudorotaxanes were anticipated. While seen with butyl substituents, pseudorotaxane formation was disrupted by competitive OH···O- hydrogen bonding between both terminal hydroxyls and the anionic phosphate unit. Crystallography also showed formation of a backfolded propanol conformation resulting in an 8-membered ring and a perched cyanostar assembly. Motivated by established entropic penalties accompanying ring formation, we reinstated [3]pseudorotaxanes by extending the size of the substituent to hexanol and decanol. Chain entropy overcomes the enthalpically favored OH···O- contacts to favor random-coil conformations required for seamless, high-fidelity threading of dihexanol and didecanol phosphates inside cyanostars. These studies highlight how chain length and functional groups on phosphate's substituents can be powerful design tools to regulate binding and control assembly formation during phosphate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Fadler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Niklas F König
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yankai Zhang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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9
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Liu Y, Parks FC, Sheetz EG, Chen CH, Flood AH. Polarity-Tolerant Chloride Binding in Foldamer Capsules by Programmed Solvent-Exclusion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3191-3204. [PMID: 33596052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent anion binding in a wide range of solution environments is a key challenge that continues to motivate and demand new strategies in synthetic receptor design. Though strong binding in low-polarity solvents has become routine, our ability to maintain high affinities in high-polarity solvents has not yet reached the standard set by nature. Anions are bound and transported regularly in aqueous environments by proteins that use secondary and tertiary structure to isolate anion binding sites from water. Inspired by this principle of solvent exclusion, we created a sequence-defined foldameric capsule whose global minimum conformation displays a helical folded state and is preorganized for 1:1 anion complexation. The high stability of the folded geometry and its ability to exclude solvent were supported by solid-state and solution phase studies. This capsule then withstood a 4-fold increase in solvent dielectric constant (εr) from dichloromethane (9) to acetonitrile (36) while maintaining a high and solvent-independent affinity of 105 M-1; ΔG ∼ 28 kJ mol-1. This behavior is unusual. More typical of solvent-dependent behavior, Cl- affinities were seen to plummet in control compounds, such as aryl-triazole macrocycles and pentads, with their solvent-exposed binding cavities susceptible to dielectric screening. Finally, dimethyl sulfoxide denatures the foldamer by putative solvent binding, which then lowers the foldamer's Cl- affinity to normal levels. The design of this capsule demonstrates a new prototype for the development of potent receptors that can operate in polar solvents and has the potential to help manage hydrophilic anions present in the hydrosphere and biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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10
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Butzelaar AJ, Gauthier-Jaques M, Liu KL, Brunklaus G, Winter M, Theato P. The power of architecture – cage-shaped PEO and its application as a polymer electrolyte. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First reported gram-scale synthesis of a four-arm cage-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) polymer and its pioneering application as polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johannes Butzelaar
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Kun Ling Liu
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Martin Winter
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
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11
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Sherbow TJ, Fargher HA, Haley MM, Pluth MD, Johnson DW. Solvent-Dependent Linear Free-Energy Relationship in a Flexible Host-Guest System. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12367-12373. [PMID: 32916056 PMCID: PMC10778081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry provides an effective strategy for the molecular recognition of diverse molecules. Significant efforts to design synthetic hosts have enabled the successful binding of many types of guests; however, less is known about how host-guest environments influence binding. Herein, we present a comprehensive study in which we measure the host-guest binding of a bis(arylethynyl phenylurea) host with a chloride guest in eight solvents spanning ET(30) values ranging from nonpolar (40.7 kcal mol-1) to polar (47.4 kcal mol-1). Polar solvents show significantly weaker binding in comparison to nonpolar solvents, and the bulk solvent polarity parameter, ET(30), shows a linear free-energy relationship with respect to the free energy of binding in the host-guest complex. These studies provide a better understanding of how host-guest binding in flexible receptors is governed by their environments and highlight the importance of host reorganization contributions in the free energy of binding. In addition, these studies highlight that preorganization may not be as important as previously thought for weak binding in which enthalpic contributions are smaller versus in polar solvents where solvent effects are magnified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Hazel A. Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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12
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Kashyap S, Singh R, Singh UP. Inorganic and organic anion sensing by azole family members. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Gauthier-Jaques M, Theato P. Synergy of Macrocycles and Macromolecular Topologies: An Efficient [3 4]Triazolophane-Based Synthesis of Cage-Shaped Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:700-705. [PMID: 35648557 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of complex topologies such as macromolecular cages constitutes a fascinating aspect of polymer chemistry. In the present work, a novel strategy involving self-closing bifunctional end-groups, which under specific conditions, are allowed to assemble themselves into a predefined thermodynamically favored macrostructure, was designed to fulfill the topological conversion of star-shaped polymers to their respective cage-shaped polymers. A series of four different well-defined four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) polymers varying in molar masses were successfully synthesized, end-functionalized, and closed into cage-shaped polymers by formation of [34]triazolophane macrocycle units. The obtained cage-shaped polymers feature interesting properties that depend drastically on the chain length of the arms and seem to differ from previous reported polymer cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Park YS, Kim Y, Paek K. Specific Encapsulation of Acetylcholine Chloride by a Self-Assembled Molecular Capsule with Sulfonamido Moiety. Org Lett 2019; 21:8300-8303. [PMID: 31560557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New molecular capsule 12, which encapsulates only acetylcholine chloride in the ion-pair form, has been developed. Cavitand 1 with four sulfonamido moieties on the upper rim of tetraimino-cavitand self-assembled to form a stable molecular capsule in the presence of an acetylcholine chloride guest through eight intermolecular -NH···O═S hydrogen bonds, two from each of the four paired sulfonamide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sil Park
- Department of Chemistry , Soongsil University , Seoul 06978 , Korea
| | - Yangryeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Soongsil University , Seoul 06978 , Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Paek
- Department of Chemistry , Soongsil University , Seoul 06978 , Korea
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15
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Navarro-García E, Velasco MD, Zapata F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Ramírez de Arellano C, Caballero A. Exploiting 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone motifs as anion binding sites by hydrogen or halogen-bonding interactions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11813-11821. [PMID: 31304497 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the utilization of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone motifs as new anion binding sites by hydrogen- or halogen-bonding interactions, respectively. These binding sites have been integrated in bidentate ester based receptors. Emission experiments reveal that both receptors selectively recognize sulfate anions, which induced a remarkable increase of a new emission band attributed to the formation of π-stacking interactions between two 1,4-naphthoquinone units. Absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry indicate the disruption of the ester group of the 1,4-naphthoquinone based receptor in the presence of HP2O73-, H2PO4-, F-, AcO- and C6H5CO2- and in the halogenated receptor with HP2O73-, F- and AcO- anions, while the presence of sulfate anions showed the clasical complexation behaviour. The 1H-NMR experiment showed a slow exchange process of the receptors with their sulfate complexes. The binding mode of the receptors with sulfate has been studied by DFT calculations along with the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface computational tool that reveals those parts of the receptors which are more suitable for interacting with anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María D Velasco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fabiola Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa Km75, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa Km75, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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16
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Wu X, Wang P, Turner P, Lewis W, Catal O, Thomas DS, Gale PA. Tetraurea Macrocycles: Aggregation-Driven Binding of Chloride in Aqueous Solutions. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Eytel LM, Fargher HA, Haley MM, Johnson DW. The road to aryl CHanion binding was paved with good intentions: fundamental studies, host design, and historical perspectives in CH hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5195-5206. [PMID: 30944916 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the design and development of supramolecular receptors for anion binding, many different non-covalent anion-binding motifs have been employed. One motif seen in many host-guest systems is the sometimes weaker, 'non-traditional' aryl CH hydrogen bond. From June Sutor's discovery of the interaction and its subsequent dismissal by the field in the 1960s to today's use of the aryl CH hydrogen bond in synthetic anion receptors, the path our lab took to begin studying this interaction has been influenced by many other researchers in the field. This feature article highlights the history and properties of the CH hydrogen bond, with a particular focus on aryl CH hydrogen bonds in anion recognition. We highlight select recent developments in the field of anion receptors utilizing aryl CH hydrogen bonds, with an emphasis on how this has influenced the evolution of our approach in designing fundamental studies on CH hydrogen bonding and exploiting this interaction in efforts aimed toward preferential anion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Eytel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Hazel A Fargher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
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18
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Li DH, Smith BD. Shape-Selective Recognition of Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Ion Pairs. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2808-2816. [PMID: 30730144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic receptors that recognize ion pairs are potentially useful for many technical applications, but to date there has been little work on selective recognition of quaternary ammonium (Q+) ion pairs. This study measured the affinity of a tetralactam macrocycle for 11 different Q+·Cl- salts in chloroform solution. In each case, NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the association constant ( Ka) and the structure of the associated complex. Ka was found to depend strongly on the molecular shape of Q+ and was enhanced when Q+ could penetrate the macrocycle cavity and engage in attractive noncovalent interactions with the macrocycle's NH residues and aromatic sidewalls. The highest measured Ka of 7.9 × 103 M-1 was obtained when Q+ was a p-CN-substituted benzylic trimethylammonium. This high-affinity Q+·Cl- ion pair was used as a template to enhance the synthetic yield of macrocyclization reactions that produce the tetralactam receptor or structurally related derivatives. In addition, a permanently interlocked rotaxane was prepared by capping the end of a noncovalent complex composed of the tetralactam macrocycle threaded by a reactive benzylic cation. The synthetic method provides access to a new family of rotaxanated ion pairs that can likely act as anion sensors, molecular shuttles, or transport molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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19
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Liu Y, Parks FC, Zhao W, Flood AH. Sequence-Controlled Stimuli-Responsive Single–Double Helix Conversion between 1:1 and 2:2 Chloride-Foldamer Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15477-15486. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fred C. Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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20
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21
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Sengupta A, Liu Y, Flood AH, Raghavachari K. Anion‐Binding Macrocycles Operate Beyond the Electrostatic Regime: Interaction Distances Matter. Chemistry 2018; 24:14409-14417. [PMID: 30036449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
- Current Address: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
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22
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Schulz N, Schindler S, Huber SM, Erdelyi M. NMR Determination of the Binding Constant of Ionic Species: A Caveat. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10881-10886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Severin Schindler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-752 37, Sweden
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23
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Morrow TJ, Christman WE, Williams JZ, Arulsamy N, Goroncy A, Hulley EB. Ligand dynamics and protonation preferences of Rh and Ir complexes bearing an almost, but not quite, pendent base. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2670-2682. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pendent nucleophiles can assist transition metals mediate bond rearrangements (e.g. as proton acceptors), but can also act as inhibitory hemilabile ligands. This dual nature has been studied in a series of rhodium and iridium complexes that exhibit disparate nucleophile binding ability in the ground state and in protonation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | | | | | - N. Arulsamy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | - A. Goroncy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | - E. B. Hulley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
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24
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25
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Li Y, Yang GH, Shen YY, Xue XS, Li X, Cheng JP. N-tert-Butyl Sulfinyl Squaramide Receptors for Anion Recognition through Assisted tert-Butyl C–H Hydrogen Bonding. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8662-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guo-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ye-Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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26
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Fatila EM, Twum EB, Karty JA, Flood AH. Ion Pairing and Co‐facial Stacking Drive High‐Fidelity Bisulfate Assembly with Cyanostar Macrocyclic Hosts. Chemistry 2017; 23:10652-10662. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Fatila
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Eric B. Twum
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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27
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Yamakado R, Ashida Y, Sato R, Shigeta Y, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Cooperatively Interlocked [2+1]-Type π-System-Anion Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:4160-4168. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yamakado
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yukina Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Research and Utilization Division; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute; Sayo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
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28
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Yang L, Wang Y, Che Y, Jiang H. An aryl-triazole foldamer containing a 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent motif for monitoring and enhancing the anion-induced folding. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7747-7752. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent motif was found to facilitate folding and to largely enhance halogen anion binding for an aryl-triazole foldamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Yanke Che
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Hua Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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29
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Fatila EM, Twum EB, Sengupta A, Pink M, Karty JA, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Anions Stabilize Each Other inside Macrocyclic Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14057-14062. [PMID: 27712022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to the simple expectations from Coulomb's law, Weinhold proposed that anions can stabilize each other as metastable dimers, yet experimental evidence for these species and their mutual stabilization is missing. We show that two bisulfate anions can form such dimers, which stabilize each other with self-complementary hydrogen bonds, by encapsulation inside a pair of cyanostar macrocycles. The resulting 2:2 complex of the bisulfate homodimer persists across all states of matter, including in solution. The bisulfate dimer's OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding is seen in a 1 H NMR peak at 13.75 ppm, which is consistent with borderline-strong hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Fatila
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Eric B Twum
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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30
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Majewski MA, Hong Y, Lis T, Gregoliński J, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. Octulene: A Hyperbolic Molecular Belt that Binds Chloride Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Janusz Gregoliński
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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31
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Fatila EM, Twum EB, Sengupta A, Pink M, Karty JA, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Anions Stabilize Each Other inside Macrocyclic Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Fatila
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Eric B. Twum
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Dept. of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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32
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Majewski MA, Hong Y, Lis T, Gregoliński J, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. Octulene: A Hyperbolic Molecular Belt that Binds Chloride Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14072-14076. [PMID: 27709735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Octulene, the higher homologue of kekulene and septulene, was synthesized using the fold-in method. This new hydrocarbon macrocycle contains a large 24-membered inner circuit, which is peripherally fused to 24 benzene rings. Such an arrangement produces considerable hyperbolic distortion of the π-conjugated surface. The consequences of distortion in octulene were explored using photophysical methods, which revealed a reduced electronic band gap and greater flexibility of the π system. Octulene contains a functional cavity with a diameter larger than 5.5 Å that is capable of efficiently binding the chloride anion in a nonpolar solvent (Ka = 2.2(4)×104 m-1 , 1 % dichloromethane (DCM) in benzene). The octulene-chloride interaction is stabilized by eight weak C(sp2 )H⋅⋅⋅Cl bonds, providing the first example of a hydrocarbon-based anion receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A Majewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Gregoliński
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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34
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Liu Y, Singharoy A, Mayne CG, Sengupta A, Raghavachari K, Schulten K, Flood AH. Flexibility Coexists with Shape-Persistence in Cyanostar Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4843-4851. [PMID: 27014837 PMCID: PMC4957974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent macrocycles are attractive functional targets for synthesis, molecular recognition, and hierarchical self-assembly. Such macrocycles are noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined, and they are traditionally characterized by having repeat units and low conformational flexibility. Here, we find it necessary to refine these ideas in the face of highly flexible yet shape-persistent macrocycles. A molecule is shape-persistent if it has a small change in shape when perturbed by external stimuli (e.g., heat, light, and redox chemistry). In support of this idea, we provide the first examination of the relationships between a macrocycle's shape persistence, its conformational space, and the resulting functions. We do this with a star-shaped macrocycle called cyanostar that is flexible as well as being shape-persistent. We employed molecular dynamics (MD), density functional theory (DFT), and NMR experiments. Considering a thermal bath as a stimulus, we found a single macrocycle has 332 accessible conformers with olefins undergoing rapid interconversion by up-down and in-out motions on short time scales (0.2 ns). These many interconverting conformations classify single cyanostars as flexible. To determine and confirm that cyanostars are shape-persistent, we show that they have a high 87% shape similarity across these conformations. To further test the idea, we use the binding of diglyme to the single macrocycle as guest-induced stimulation. This guest has almost no effect on the conformational space. However, formation of a 2:1 sandwich complex involving two macrocycles enhances rigidity and dramatically shifts the conformer distribution toward perfect bowls. Overall, the present study expands the scope of shape-persistent macrocycles to include flexible macrocycles if, and only if, their conformers have similar shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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35
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Flood AH. Creating molecular macrocycles for anion recognition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:611-27. [PMID: 27340452 PMCID: PMC4902025 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation and functionality of new classes of macrocycles that are shape persistent and can bind anions is described. The genesis of triazolophane macrocycles emerges out of activity surrounding 1,2,3-triazoles made using click chemistry; and the same triazoles are responsible for anion capture. Mistakes made and lessons learnt in anion recognition provide deeper understanding that, together with theory, now provides for computer-aided receptor design. The lessons are acted upon in the creation of two new macrocycles. First, cyanostars are larger and like to capture large anions. Second is tricarb, which also favors large anions but shows a propensity to self-assemble in an orderly and stable manner, laying a foundation for future designs of hierarchical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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36
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Choi Y, Kim T, Jang S, Kang J. The contribution of polar C–H hydrogen bonds to anion binding. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding abilities depend on the magnitude of C–H polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusun Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Soonmin Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul
- South Korea
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37
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Byrne S, Mullen KM. Sensing anions on surfaces: tethering triazolium based anion receptors to polymer resins. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a new series of surface bound triazolium based anion sensors. Differences in the chemical reactivity and anion binding properties were observed; highlighting the need for good surface characterisation techniques such as HR MAS NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Byrne
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - K. M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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38
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Lee S, Hirsch BE, Liu Y, Dobscha JR, Burke DW, Tait SL, Flood AH. Multifunctional Tricarbazolo Triazolophane Macrocycles: One-Pot Preparation, Anion Binding, and Hierarchical Self-Organization of Multilayers. Chemistry 2015; 22:560-9. [PMID: 26593327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Programming the synthesis and self-assembly of molecules is a compelling strategy for the bottom-up fabrication of ordered materials. To this end, shape-persistent macrocycles were designed with alternating carbazoles and triazoles to program a one-pot synthesis and to bind large anions. The macrocycles bind anions that were once considered too weak to be coordinated, such as PF6 (-) , with surprisingly high affinities (β2 =10(11) M(-2) in 80:20 chloroform/methanol) and positive cooperativity, α=(4 K2 /K1 )=1200. We also discovered that the macrocycles assemble into ultrathin films of hierarchically ordered tubes on graphite surfaces. The remarkable surface-templated self-assembly properties, as was observed by using scanning tunneling microscopy, are attributed to the complementary pairing of alternating triazoles and carbazoles inscribed into both the co-facial and edge-sharing seams that exist between shape-persistent macrocycles. The multilayer assembly is also consistent with the high degree of molecular self-association observed in solution, with self-association constants of K=300 000 M(-1) (chloroform/methanol 80:20). Scanning tunneling microscopy data also showed that surface assemblies readily sequester iodide anions from solution, modulating their assembly. This multifunctional macrocycle provides a foundation for materials composed of hierarchically organized and nanotubular self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA).,Current Address: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
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39
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Tresca BW, Hansen RJ, Chau CV, Hay BP, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, Johnson DW. Substituent Effects in CH Hydrogen Bond Interactions: Linear Free Energy Relationships and Influence of Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14959-67. [PMID: 26539974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aryl CH hydrogen bonds (HBs) are now commonly recognized as important factors in a number of fields, including molecular biology, stereoselective catalysis, and anion supramolecular chemistry. As the utility of CH HBs has grown, so to has the need to understand the structure-activity relationship for tuning both their strength and selectivity. Although there has been significant computational effort in this area, an experimental study of the substituent effects on CH HBs has not been previously undertaken. Herein we disclose a systematic study of a single CH HB by using traditional urea donors as directing groups in a supramolecular binding cavity. Experimentally determined association constants are examined by a combination of computational (electrostatic potential) and empirical (σm and σp) values for substituent effects. The dominance of electrostatic parameters, as observed in a computational DFT study, is consistent with current CH HB theory; however, a novel anion dependence of the substituent effects is revealed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blakely W Tresca
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Ryan J Hansen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Calvin V Chau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Benjamin P Hay
- Supramolecular Design Institute , 127 Chestnut Hill Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-7185, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon , 1443 East 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Darren W Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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40
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Pandian TS, Srinivasadesikan V, Lin M, Kang J. Nitrite selective anion receptor based on 1-methyl-1H-perimidine. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Panja SK, Dwivedi N, Noothalapati H, Shigeto S, Sikder AK, Saha A, Sunkari SS, Saha S. Significance of weak interactions in imidazolium picrate ionic liquids: spectroscopic and theoretical studies for molecular level understanding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18167-77. [PMID: 26102290 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interionic hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions on the physical properties of a new series of picrate anion based ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The existence of aromatic (C2-HO) and aliphatic (C7-HO-N22 and C6-HO-N20) hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions in these ILs has been observed using various spectroscopic techniques. The aromatic and aliphatic C-HO hydrogen bonding interactions are found to have a crucial role in binding the imidazolium cation and picrate anion together. However, the π-π stacking interactions between two successive layers are found to play a decisive role in tight packing in ILs leading to differences in physical properties. The drastic difference in the melting points of the methyl and propyl derivatives (mmimPic and pmimPic respectively) have been found to be primarily due to the difference in the strength and varieties of π-π stacking interactions. While in mmimPic, several different types of π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings (such as picrate-picrate, picrate-imidazole and imidazolium-imidazolium cation rings) are observed, only one type of π-π stacking interaction (picrate-picrate rings) is found to exist in the pmimPic IL. NMR spectroscopic studies reveal that the interaction of these ILs with solvent molecules is different and depends on the dielectric constant of the solvent. While an ion solvation model explains the solvation in high dielectric solvents, an ion-pair solvation model is found to be more appropriate for low dielectric constant solvents. The enhanced stability of these investigated picrate ILs compared with that of inorganic picrate salts under high doses of γ radiation clearly indicates the importance of weak interionic interactions in ILs, and also opens up the possibility of the application of picrate ILs as prospective diluents in nuclear separation for advanced fuel cycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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42
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Gung BW, Schlitzer SC. Can hydrogen-bonding donors abstract chloride from LAu(I)Cl complexes: a computational study. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Qiao B, Sengupta A, Liu Y, McDonald KP, Pink M, Anderson JR, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Electrostatic and Allosteric Cooperativity in Ion-Pair Binding: A Quantitative and Coupled Experiment–Theory Study with Aryl–Triazole–Ether Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kevin P. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joseph R. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood
Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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44
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Duan Q, Xia W, Lin C, Pan Y, Wang L. Two new triazolophanes: synthesis, structures, self-assembling, and anion complexation properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Li M, Huang S, Ye C, Xie Y. Synthesis, structure, protein binding of Cu(II) complexes with a tridentate NNO Schiff-base ligand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:290-300. [PMID: 26056979 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four new Cu(II) complexes (1, 2, 3 and 4) in the presence of different anions (Cl(-), Br(-), I(-) and ClO4(-)) have been prepared by tridentate NNN Schiff-base ligand (N,N-dimethyl-N'-[phenyl(2-pyridyl)methylene]ethane-1,2-diamine) and well characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The interactions of complexes 1-4 with human serum albumin (HSA) have been investigated in Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH 7.4 by spectroscopic methods and a molecular docking technique. Experimental results proved that the four complexes quench the fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from Van't Hoff equation. The distance r between the donor (HSA) and acceptor (complexes 1-4) has been obtained by means of Förester resonance energy transfer (FRET). Molecular docking results indicated that the main active binding sites for complexes 1, 2 and 4 are site III in subdomain IB and for complex 3 is site II in subdomain III A. The combination of molecular docking results and fluorescence experimental results indicate that the interaction between 1-4 and HSA are dominated by hydrophobic forces as well as hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - ShuJuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - YongRong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
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46
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Robinson SW, Mustoe CL, White NG, Brown A, Thompson A, Kennepohl P, Beer PD. Evidence for halogen bond covalency in acyclic and interlocked halogen-bonding receptor anion recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:499-507. [PMID: 25478893 PMCID: PMC4304450 DOI: 10.1021/ja511648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and anion binding properties of novel halogen-bonding (XB) bis-iodotriazole-pyridinium-containing acyclic and [2]catenane anion host systems are described. The XB acyclic receptor displays selectivity for acetate over halides with enhanced anion recognition properties compared to the analogous hydrogen-bonding (HB) acyclic receptor. A reversal in halide selectivity is observed in the XB [2]catenane, in comparison to the acyclic XB receptor, due to the interlocked host's unique three-dimensional binding cavity, and no binding is observed for oxoanions. Notable halide anion association constant values determined for the [2]catenane in competitive organic-aqueous solvent mixtures demonstrate considerable enhancement of anion recognition as compared to the HB catenane analogue. X-ray crystallographic analysis of a series of halide catenane complexes reveal strong XB interactions in the solid state. These interactions were studied using Cl and Br K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) indicating intense pre-edge features characteristic of charge transfer from the halide to its bonding partner (σ(AX←X(-))(*) ← X1s), and providing a direct measure of the degree of covalency in the halogen bond(s). The data reveal that the degree of covalency is similar to that which is observed in transition metal coordinate covalent bonds. These results are supported by DFT results, which correlate well with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Robinson
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Chantal L. Mustoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Asha Brown
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Amber
L. Thompson
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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47
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Khrizman A, Cheng HY, Bottini G, Moyna G. Observation of aliphatic C–H⋯X hydrogen bonds in imidazolium ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3193-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of H/D isotope effects on the19F resonances of sequentially deuterated 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate isotopologues reveals the formation of aliphatic C–H⋯X hydrogen bonds between the fluorinated anions and protons along theN-alkyl sidechains of the cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Khrizman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Hiu Yan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Gualberto Bottini
- Departamento de Química del Litoral
- Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte
- Universidad de la República
- Paysandú 60000
- Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Moyna
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
- Philadelphia
- USA
- Departamento de Química del Litoral
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48
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Slack ED, Gabriel CM, Lipshutz BH. A palladium nanoparticle-nanomicelle combination for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes in water at room temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14051-4. [PMID: 25323663 PMCID: PMC4448917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of NaBH4 to Pd(OAc)2 in water containing nanomicelles leads to the generation of H2 and Pd nanoparticles. Subsequent reduction of disubstituted alkynes affords Z-alkenes in high yields. These reactions are general, take place in water at ambient temperatures, and offer recycling of the aqueous reaction mixture along with low overall E Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Slack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Christopher M. Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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49
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Hirsch BE, McDonald KP, Qiao B, Flood AH, Tait SL. Selective anion-induced crystal switching and binding in surface monolayers modulated by electric fields from scanning probes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10858-10869. [PMID: 25257197 DOI: 10.1021/nn504685t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion-selective (Br(-) and I(-)) and voltage-driven crystal switching between two differently packed phases (α ⇆ β) was observed in 2D crystalline monolayers of aryl-triazole receptors ordered at solution-graphite interfaces. Addition of Br(-) and I(-) was found to stimulate the α → β phase transformation and to produce ion binding to the β phase assembly, while Cl(-) and BF4(-) addition retained the α phase. Unlike all other surface assemblies of either charged molecules or ion-templated 2D crystallization of metal-ligand or receptor-based adsorbates, the polarity of the electric field between the localized scanning tip and the graphite substrate was found to correlate with phase switching: β → α is driven at -1.5 V, while α → β occurs at +1.1 V. Ion-pairing between the countercations and the guest anions was also observed. These observations are supported by control studies including variation of anion species, relative anion concentration, surface temperature, tip voltage, and scanning time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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50
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Slack ED, Gabriel CM, Lipshutz BH. A Palladium Nanoparticle-Nanomicelle Combination for the Stereoselective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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