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Dragomanova S, Andonova V, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. Therapeutic Potential of Myrtenal and Its Derivatives-A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2086. [PMID: 37895468 PMCID: PMC10608190 DOI: 10.3390/life13102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of monoterpenes as natural products has gained significant attention in the search for new pharmacological agents due to their ability to exhibit a wide range in biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antispasmodic, hypotensive, and vasodilating properties. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal their antidepressant, anxiolytic, and memory-enhancing effects in experimental dementia and Parkinson's disease. Chemical modification of natural substances by conjugation with various synthetic components is a modern method of obtaining new biologically active compounds. The discovery of new potential drugs among monoterpene derivatives is a progressive avenue within experimental pharmacology, offering a promising approach for the therapy of diverse pathological conditions. Biologically active substances such as monoterpenes, for example, borneol, camphor, geraniol, pinene, and thymol, are used to synthesize compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer's, antiparkinsonian, antiviral and antibacterial (antituberculosis) properties. Myrtenal is a perspective monoterpenoid with therapeutic potential in various fields of medicine. Its chemical modifications often lead to new or more pronounced biological effects. As an example, the conjugation of myrtenal with the established pharmacophore adamantane enables the augmentation of several of its pivotal properties. Myrtenal-adamantane derivatives exhibited a variety of beneficial characteristics, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties, which are worth examining in more detail and at length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 A Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Velichka Andonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 A Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Konstantin Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Av., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Av., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University, 66 Ivan Mihailov St., 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Sood A, Kesavan V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanamide derivatives against resistant pathogens. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1817-1826. [PMID: 37731706 PMCID: PMC10507797 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally through random mutation. Resistance to antimicrobials is an urgent public health crisis that requires coordinated global action. The ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are primarily responsible for the rise in resistant pathogens. There is an immediate requirement to identify a novel molecular scaffold with potent anti-microbial properties. We developed an efficient one-step synthesis of 2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanamide and its derivatives, which allowed the introduction of an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety in the quest to identify a new molecular scaffold. Seven compounds exhibited very good antibacterial activity in vitro against WHO priority drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii-Multi drug resistant (MDR-AB). In cultured human embryonic kidney cells and hemolysis assays, the potent compounds displayed minimal toxicity. These findings suggest that these small molecules with excellent diversity have the potential to combat antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sood
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai-60036 India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai-60036 India
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Concepción O, Belmar J, F. de la Torre A, M. Muñiz F, Pertino MW, Alarcón B, Ormazabal V, Nova-Lamperti E, Zúñiga FA, Jiménez CA. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Analysis of Novel Myrtenyl Grafted Pseudo-Peptides Revealed Potential Candidates for Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081911. [PMID: 32326138 PMCID: PMC7221699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtenal is a natural monoterpene isolated from essential oils of several plants and their derivates have shown to have several biological properties including cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these derivates are being investigated for their antitumor effect leading to the development of potential anticancer agents. In this study, novels Myrtenyl grafted pseudo-peptides were designed, synthesized and functionally characterized as possible therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Thirteen novel Myrtenyl grafted pseudo-peptides were prepared in high atom economy and efficiency by a classic Ugi-4CR and sequential post-modification. Their structures were confirmed by NMR, and ESI-MS, and its cytotoxic activity was evaluated in three cancer cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells at different proliferative cycles. Our results revealed that some of these compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against human gastric, breast and colon adenocarcinoma cells lines, but not against human dermal fibroblast cell line. Moreover, from the thirteen novel myrtenyl synthesized the compound (1R,5S)-N-{[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2–oxoethyl]-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxamide (3b) proved to be the best candidate in terms of acceptable EC50, and Emax values in cancer cell lines and at inducing cytotoxicity in CD4+ T cells undergoing active proliferation, without affecting non-proliferating T cells. Overall, the synthesis and characterization of our Myrtenyl derivates revealed novel potential anticancer candidates with selective cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Concepción
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (C.A.J.); Tel.: +56-41-22042658 (O.C. & C.A.J.)
| | - Julio Belmar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Alexander F. de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Francisco M. Muñiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Mariano W. Pertino
- Institute of Natural Resources Chemistry, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Avenida Lircay, Talca P.C. 3462227, Chile;
| | - Barbara Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile;
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Felipe A. Zúñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (C.A.J.); Tel.: +56-41-22042658 (O.C. & C.A.J.)
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4
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:102-110. [PMID: 33479609 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects about 80 000 patients in the US annually and directly causes about 11 000 deaths. Therefore, despite the fact that there are several drugs available for the treatment of MRSA, there is a need for new chemical entities. We previously reported that 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl sulfonamide F6 was bacteriostatic and inhibited MRSA strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg mL-1. Here, we report the discovery of trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against MRSA [MIC values as low as 0.06 μg mL-1 against linezolid-resistant S. aureus (NRS 119)]. Interestingly, whereas the OCF3 and SO2CF3 containing oxadiazoles were bacteriostatic, the SCF3 and SF5 containing oxadiazoles were bactericidal. They exhibited a wide spectrum of activities against an extensive panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant or cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 12 outperformed vancomycin in clearing intracellular MRSA in infected macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds behaved synergistically or additively with antibiotics used for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
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5
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Naclerio GA, Karanja CW, Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Antibacterial Small Molecules That Potently Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1000-1004. [PMID: 30939229 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance, especially in Staphylococcus aureus, and the increasing death rate due to multiresistant bacteria have been well documented. The need for new chemical entities and/or the identification of novel targets for antibacterial drug development is high. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a membrane-attached anionic polymer, is important for the growth and virulence of many Gram-positive bacteria, and interest has been high in the discovery of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors. Thus far, only a handful of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors have been described with moderate (MIC=5.34 μg mL-1 ) to low (MIC=1024 μg mL-1 ) activities against S. aureus. Herein we describe the identification of novel compounds that potently inhibit LTA biosynthesis in S. aureus, displaying impressive antibacterial activities (MIC as low as 0.25 μg mL-1 ) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Under similar in vitro assay conditions, these compounds are 4-fold more potent than vancomycin and 8-fold more potent than linezolid against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Caroline W Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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6
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Deng Y, Su M, Kang D, Liu X, Wen Z, Li Y, Qiu L, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis of Platensimycin Derivatives with Antibiotic Activities in Mice via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11341-11348. [PMID: 30461269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM), originally isolated from soil bacteria Streptomyces platensis, is a potent FabF inhibitor against many Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. However, the further clinical development of PTM is hampered by its poor pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, 20 PTM derivatives were prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd (0)/C. Compared to PTM, 6-pyrenyl PTM (6t) showed improved antibacterial activity against MRSA in a mouse peritonitis model. Our results support the strategy to target the essential fatty acid synthases in major pathogens, in order to discover and develop new generations of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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Tian K, Deng Y, Qiu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Aminobenzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12625-12629. [PMID: 32232122 PMCID: PMC7105086 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) is an excellent natural product drug lead against various gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, twenty PTM derivatives with varying aminobenzoic acids were semisynthesized. In contrast to all the previous reported inactive aminobenzaote analogues, a few of them showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Our study suggested that modification of the conserved aminobenzoic acid remains a viable approach to diversify the PTM scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 (USA)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
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8
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Kowalski K. Recent developments in the chemistry of ferrocenyl secondary natural product conjugates. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Qiu L, Tian K, Pan J, Jiang L, Yang H, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. A Facile Semi-Synthetic Approach towards Halogen-Substituted Aminobenzoic Acid Analogues of Platensimycin. Tetrahedron 2017; 73:771-775. [PMID: 28626267 PMCID: PMC5471356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM), produced by several strains of Streptomyces platensis, is a promising drug lead for infectious diseases and diabetes. The recent pilot-scale production of PTM from S. platensis SB12026 has set the stage for the facile semi-synthesis of a focused library of PTM analogues. In this study, gram-quantity of platensic acid (PTMA) was prepared by the sulfuric acid-catalyzed ethanolysis of PTM, followed by a mild hydrolysis in aqueous lithium hydroxide. Three PTMA esters were also obtained in near quantitative yields in a single step, suggesting a facile route to make PTMA aliphatic esters. 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU)-catalyzed coupling of PTMA and 33 aminobenzoates resulted in the synthesis of 28 substituted aminobenzoate analogues of PTM, among which 26 of them were reported for the first time. Several of the PTM analogues showed weak antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our study supported the potential utility to integrate natural product biosynthetic and semi-synthetic approaches for structure diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hu Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Department Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, #172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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12
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Platensimycin and platencin: Inspirations for chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:139-151. [PMID: 27865713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have served as the main source of drugs and drug leads, and natural products produced by microorganisms are one of the most prevalent sources of clinical antibiotics. Their unparalleled structural and chemical diversities provide a basis to investigate fundamental biological processes while providing access to a tremendous amount of chemical space. There is a pressing need for novel antibiotics with new mode of actions to combat the growing challenge of multidrug resistant pathogens. This review begins with the pioneering discovery and biological activities of platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), two antibacterial natural products isolated from Streptomyces platensis. The elucidation of their unique biochemical mode of action, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics is presented to highlight key aspects of their biological activities. It then presents an overview of how microbial genomics has impacted the field of PTM and PTN and revealed paradigm-shifting discoveries in terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and antibiotic and antidiabetic therapies. It concludes with a discussion covering the future perspectives of PTM and PTN in regard to natural products discovery, bacterial diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the pharmaceutical promise of PTM and PTN as antibiotics and for the treatment of metabolic disorders. PTM and PTN have inspired new discoveries in chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine and will undoubtedly continue to do so.
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A Review on Platensimycin: A Selective FabF Inhibitor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:9706753. [PMID: 26942008 PMCID: PMC4749828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9706753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is an inevitable matter of concern in the treatment of bacterial infection. Naturally occurring unique class of natural antibiotic, platensimycin, a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces platensis, is an excellent breakthrough in recent antibiotic research with unique structural pattern and significant antibacterial activity. β-Ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)) synthase (FabF) whose Gram-positive bacteria need to biosynthesize cell membranes is the target of inhibition of platensimycin. So, isolation, retrosynthetic analysis, synthesis of platensimycin, and analogues of platensimycin synthesized till today are the objectives of this review which may be helpful to further investigate and to reveal untouched area on this molecule and to obtain a potential antibacterial lead with enhanced significant antibacterial activity.
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14
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Shang R, Liang J, Yi Y, Liu Y, Wang J. Review of Platensimycin and Platencin: Inhibitors of β-Ketoacyl-acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Synthase III (FabH). Molecules 2015; 20:16127-41. [PMID: 26404223 PMCID: PMC6332302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platensimycin and platencin were successively discovered from the strain Streptomyces platensis through systematic screening. These natural products have been defined as promising agents for fighting multidrug resistance in bacteria by targeting type II fatty acid synthesis with slightly different mechanisms. Bioactivity studies have shown that platensimycin and platencin offer great potential to inhibit many resistant bacteria with no cross-resistance or toxicity observed in vivo. This review summarizes the general information on platensimycin and platencin, including antibacterial and self-resistant mechanisms. Furthermore, the total synthesis pathways of platensimycin and platencin and their analogues from recent studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jiatu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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15
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Membrane Affinity of Platensimycin and Its Dialkylamine Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17909-32. [PMID: 26247942 PMCID: PMC4581228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane permeability is a desired property in drug design, but there have been difficulties in quantifying the direct drug partitioning into native membranes. Platensimycin (PL) is a new promising antibiotic whose biosynthetic production is costly. Six dialkylamine analogs of PL were synthesized with identical pharmacophores but different side chains; five of them were found inactive. To address the possibility that their activity is limited by the permeation step, we calculated polarity, measured surface activity and the ability to insert into the phospholipid monolayers. The partitioning of PL and the analogs into the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli was assessed by activation curve shifts of a re-engineered mechanosensitive channel, MscS, in patch-clamp experiments. Despite predicted differences in polarity, the affinities to lipid monolayers and native membranes were comparable for most of the analogs. For PL and the di-myrtenyl analog QD-11, both carrying bulky sidechains, the affinity for the native membrane was lower than for monolayers (half-membranes), signifying that intercalation must overcome the lateral pressure of the bilayer. We conclude that the biological activity among the studied PL analogs is unlikely to be limited by their membrane permeability. We also discuss the capacity of endogenous tension-activated channels to detect asymmetric partitioning of exogenous substances into the native bacterial membrane and the different contributions to the thermodynamic force which drives permeation.
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16
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Krauß J, Plesch E, Clausen S, Bracher F. Short and Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl- and Aryl-Ortho-Hydroxy-Anilides and their Antibiotic Activity. Sci Pharm 2015; 82:501-17. [PMID: 25853064 PMCID: PMC4318158 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1401-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ortho-hydroxy-anilides are part of natural products like the new antibiotics platencin (A) and platensimycin (B). An important step in the total synthesis of these antibiotics or their derivatives is the preparation of the o-hydroxy-anilide partial structure. The presented method allows the preparation of o-hydroxy-anilides and o-dihydroxy-anilides from 2-nitrophenol esters in a one-step synthesis without protecting the hydroxy group. Aryl- and alkyl-anilides were prepared following this method as simple analogues of platensimycin (A). The resulting compounds were tested in an agar diffusion assay for their antibiotic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Clausen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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17
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Jiao ZW, Tu YQ, Zhang Q, Liu WX, Wang SH, Wang M. Formal synthesis of (−)-platensimycin. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient formal synthesis of (−)-platensimycin was completed by using a tandem C–H oxidation/C–C coupling (cyclization)/rearrangement as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Jiao
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Liu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
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18
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Chang EL, Schwartz BD, Draffan AG, Banwell MG, Willis AC. A Chemoenzymatic and Fully Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of the Antibacterial Natural Product (−)-Platencin. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:427-39. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Allahverdiyev AM, Bagirova M, Abamor ES, Ates SC, Koc RC, Miraloglu M, Elcicek S, Yaman S, Unal G. The use of platensimycin and platencin to fight antibiotic resistance. Infect Drug Resist 2013; 6:99-114. [PMID: 24082790 PMCID: PMC3785399 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are known as one of the most life-threatening disabilities worldwide. Approximately 13 million deaths related to infectious diseases are reported each year. The only way to combat infectious diseases is by chemotherapy using antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. However, due to uncontrolled and unnecessary use of antibiotics in particular, surviving bacteria have evolved resistance against several antibiotics. Emergence of multidrug resistance in bacteria over the past several decades has resulted in one of the most important clinical health problems in modern medicine. For instance, approximately 440,000 new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are reported every year leading to the deaths of 150,000 people worldwide. Management of multidrug resistance requires understanding its molecular basis and the evolution and dissemination of resistance; development of new antibiotic compounds in place of traditional antibiotics; and innovative strategies for extending the life of antibiotic molecules. Researchers have begun to develop new antimicrobials for overcoming this important problem. Recently, platensimycin - isolated from extracts of Streptomyces platensis - and its analog platencin have been defined as promising agents for fighting multidrug resistance. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these new antimicrobials have great potential to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae by targeting type II fatty acid synthesis in bacteria. Showing strong efficacy without any observed in vivo toxicity increases the significance of these antimicrobial agents for their use in humans. However, at the present time, clinical trials are insufficient and require more research. The strong antibacterial efficacies of platensimycin and platencin may be established in clinical trials and their use in humans for coping with multidrug resistance may be allowed in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melahat Bagirova
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezen Canim Ates
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Cakir Koc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Miraloglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serhat Elcicek
- Department of Bioengineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaman
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Yang W, He S, Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Lee CS. Formal Syntheses of (±)-Platensimycin and (±)-Platencin via a Dual-Mode Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization Approach. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7912-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401105q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuzhong He
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Wang Y, Ma S. Recent Advances in Inhibitors of Bacterial Fatty Acid Synthesis Type II (FASII) System Enzymes as Potential Antibacterial Agents. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1589-608. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Zhu L, Han Y, Du G, Lee CS. A Bifunctional Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization to the Tricyclic Core of ent-Kaurenoids and Its Application to the Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2013; 15:524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3033412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yejian Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangyan Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as anti-infective, anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1113-51. [PMID: 22709254 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large range of diseases, such diabetes and cancer, which are connected to abnormal fatty acid metabolism in human cells. Therefore, inhibitors of human fatty acid synthase have great potential to manage or treat these diseases. In prokaryotes, fatty acid synthesis is important for signaling, as well as providing starting materials for the synthesis of phospholipids, which are required for the formation of the cell membrane. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development of new molecules that target bacterial fatty acid synthases for the treatment of bacterial diseases. In this review, we look at the differences and similarities between fatty acid synthesis in humans and bacteria and highlight various small molecules that have been shown to inhibit either the mammalian or bacterial fatty acid synthase or both.
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24
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Bald D, Koul A. Advances and strategies in discovery of new antibacterials for combating metabolically resting bacteria. Drug Discov Today 2012; 18:250-5. [PMID: 23032727 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of new antibacterial agents is crucial to counter the challenge of drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this review we discuss the issue of bacterial metabolic resting states, observed for a variety of pathogenic bacteria, which display low susceptibility for most antibacterials. We present examples of how bacterial metabolic states may be controlled, target pathways may be validated and screening on metabolically resting bacteria can be designed. A deeper understanding of bacterial metabolic states may provide valuable input for the design of efficient screening approaches in the discovery of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bald
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth- and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Patra M, Gasser G, Metzler-Nolte N. Small organometallic compounds as antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6350-8. [PMID: 22411216 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to commercial antibiotics is an issue of global importance. During the last two decades, the number of antibacterial agents that have been discovered and introduced into the market has steadily declined and failed to meet the challenges posed by rapidly increasing resistance of the pathogens against common antibacterial drugs. The development of new classes of compounds to control the virulence of the pathogens is therefore urgently required. This perspective describes the historical development in brief and recent advances on the preparation of small organometallic compounds as new classes of antibacterial agents with potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Sandwich and Half-Sandwich Derivatives of Platensimycin: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Lehrstuhl für
Biologie
der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät
für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse
150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Merz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Lehrstuhl für
Biologie
der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät
für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse
150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3
Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany,
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27
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Krsta D, Ku CK, Crosby IT, Capuano B, Manallack DT. Simplified platensimycin analogues as antibacterial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Patra M, Merz K, Metzler-Nolte N. Planar chiral (η6-arene)Cr(CO)3containing carboxylic acid derivatives: Synthesis and use in the preparation of organometallic analogues of the antibiotic platensimycin. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:112-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Parsons JB, Rock CO. Is bacterial fatty acid synthesis a valid target for antibacterial drug discovery? Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:544-9. [PMID: 21862391 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance against most current drugs emphasizes the need to develop new approaches to control bacterial pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial fatty acid synthesis is one such target that is being actively pursued by several research groups to develop anti-Staphylococcal agents. Recently, the wisdom of this approach has been challenged based on the ability of a Gram-positive bacterium to incorporate extracellular fatty acids and thus circumvent the inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis. The generality of this conclusion has been challenged, and there is enough diversity in the enzymes and regulation of fatty acid synthesis in bacteria to conclude that there is not a single organism that can be considered typical and representative of bacteria as a whole. We are left without a clear resolution to this ongoing debate and await new basic research to define the pathways for fatty acid uptake and that determine the biochemical and genetic mechanisms for the regulation of fatty acid synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. These crucial experiments will determine whether diversity in the control of this important pathway accounts for the apparently different responses of Gram-positive bacteria to the inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis in presence of extracellular fatty acid supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Parsons
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
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30
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Palanichamy K, Subrahmanyam AV, Kaliappan KP. A radical cyclization approach to the formal total syntheses of platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7877-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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