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Morse J, Wang D, Mei S, Whitham D, Hladun C, Darie CC, Sintim HO, Wang M, Leung K. Chloride Homeostasis Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.08.588475. [PMID: 38645072 PMCID: PMC11030317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation. However, the roles of chloride homeostasis on this pathway are unclear. Here, we uncovered a correlation between chloride homeostasis and cGAS-STING signaling. We found that dysregulation of chloride homeostasis attenuates cGAS-STING signaling in a lysosome-independent manner. Treating immune cells with chloride channel inhibitors attenuated 2'3'-cGAMP production by cGAS and also suppressed STING polymerization, leading to reduced cytokine production. We also demonstrate that non-selective chloride channel blockers can suppress the NPC1 deficiency-induced, hyper-activated STING signaling in skin fibroblasts derived from Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) patients. Our findings reveal that chloride homeostasis majorly affects cGAS-STING pathway and suggest a provocative strategy to dampen STING-mediated inflammation via targeting chloride channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Morse
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Serena Mei
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Colby Hladun
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - KaHo Leung
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
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2
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Akwata D, Kempen AL, Lamptey J, Dayal N, Brauer NR, Sintim HO. Discovery of imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine-containing TAK1 kinase inhibitors with excellent activities against multiple myeloma. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:178-192. [PMID: 38283221 PMCID: PMC10809330 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) include proteasome inhibitors, anti-CD38 antibodies, and immunomodulatory agents. However, if patients have continued disease progression after administration of these treatments, there are limited options. There is a need for effective targeted therapies of MM. Recent studies have shown that the transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is upregulated and overexpressed in MM. We have discovered that 6-substituted morpholine or piperazine imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines, with an appropriate aryl substituent at position-3, inhibit TAK1 at nanomolar concentrations. The lead compound, 26, inhibits the enzymatic activity of TAK1 with an IC50 of 55 nM. Under similar conditions, the known TAK1 inhibitor, takinib, inhibits the kinase with an IC50 of 187 nM. Compound 26 and analogs thereof inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma cell lines MPC-11 and H929 with GI50 values as low as 30 nM. These compounds have the potential to be translated into anti-MM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Akwata
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Allison L Kempen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Nickolas R Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research 201 S. University St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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3
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Dilday T, Abt M, Ramos-Solís N, Dayal N, Larocque E, Oblak AL, Sintim HO, Yeh ES. Identification and characterization of a potent and selective HUNK inhibitor for treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00037-0. [PMID: 38307028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted agents have proven to be effective, however, the development of resistance to these agents has become an obstacle in treating HER2+ breast cancer. Evidence implicates HUNK as an anti-cancer target for primary and resistant HER2+ breast cancers. In this study, a selective inhibitor of HUNK is characterized alongside a phosphorylation event in a downstream substrate of HUNK as a marker for HUNK activity in HER2+ breast cancer. Rubicon has been established as a substrate of HUNK that is phosphorylated at serine (S) 92. Findings indicate that HUNK-mediated phosphorylation of Rubicon at S92 promotes both autophagy and tumorigenesis in HER2/neu+ breast cancer. HUNK inhibition prevents Rubicon S92 phosphorylation in HER2/neu+ breast cancer models and inhibits tumorigenesis. This study characterizes a downstream phosphorylation event as a measure of HUNK activity and identifies a selective HUNK inhibitor that has meaningful efficacy toward HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinslee Dilday
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Abt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Ramos-Solís
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth Larocque
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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4
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Akwata D, Kempen AL, Dayal N, Brauer NR, Sintim HO. Identification of a Selective FLT3 Inhibitor with Low Activity against VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT, and RET Anti-Targets. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300442. [PMID: 37971283 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 is mainly expressed in immune and various cancer cells and is a drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, FLT3 has also been identified as a potential target for treating chronic pain. Most FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) identified to date, including approved drugs such as gilteritinib, midostaurin, ponatinib, quizartinib, and FLT3i in clinical trials, such as quizartinib and crenolanib, also inhibit closely-related kinases that are important for immune (c-KIT), cardiovascular (KDR/VEGFR2, FGFR, PDGFR) or kidney (RET) functions. While the aforementioned FLT3i may increase survival rates in AML, they are neither ideal for AML maintenance therapy nor for non-oncology applications, such as for the treatment of chronic pain, due to their promiscuous inhibition of many kinase anti-targets. Here, we report the identification of new FLT3i compounds that have low activities against kinases that have traditionally been difficult to differentiate from FLT3 inhibition, such as KDR/VEGFR, FGFR, PGFR, c-KIT, and RET. These selective compounds could be valuable chemical probes for studying FLT3 biology in the context of chronic pain and/or may represent good starting points to develop well-tolerated FLT3 therapeutics for non-oncology indications or for maintenance therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Akwata
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Allison L Kempen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Nickolas R Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
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5
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Kempen AL, Brauer NR, Sintim HO. Dual FLT3/haspin kinase inhibitor based on 3 H-pyrazolo[4,3- f]quinoline scaffold with activities against acute myeloid leukemia. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1743-1754. [PMID: 37731695 PMCID: PMC10507812 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline core, a privileged fusion moiety from quinoline and indazole, facilely synthesized in a one flask multi-component Doebner-Povarov reaction, is a newly described kinase hinge binder. Previous works have demonstrated that the 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline moiety can be tuned, via judicious substitution patterns, to selectively inhibit cancer-associated kinases, such as FLT3 and haspin. A first generation 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-based haspin inhibitor, HSD972, and FLT3 inhibitor, HSD1169, were previously disclosed as inhibitors of various cancer cell lines. Given the recent revelation that haspin is over-expressed and plays critical proliferative roles in many cancers, and compounds with dual activity against FLT3 and other important kinases are now being actively developed by many groups, we became interested in optimizing the 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-based compounds to improve activity against both FLT3 and haspin. Herein, we report the discovery of new 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-based dual FLT3/haspin inhibitor, HSK205. HSK205 has remarkable potencies against FLT3-driven AML cell lines, inhibiting proliferation with GI50 values between 2-25 nM. Western blot analyses of treated AML cells confirm that HSK205 inhibit the phosphorylation of both FLT3 and histone H3 (a haspin target) in cells. While multi-component reactions (MCRs) have been used to make many bioactive molecules, there are very few examples of using MCRs to make compounds that target protein kinases, which have emerged as one of the top drug candidates (especially in oncology). This work highlights our recent efforts to make ultrapotent protein kinase inhibitors using multi-component reactions (especially the Doebner-Povarov reaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kempen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Nickolas R Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research 201 S. University St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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6
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Vennard C, Oropo T, Sintim HO. Engineered Vancomycin, with Increased Interactions with Peptidoglycan Stem Peptide, Conquers Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10238-10240. [PMID: 37477251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin-like drugs target peptidoglycan (PG) via binding to C-terminal d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptide. An engineered vancomycin has enhanced affinity for the PG stem peptide, due to probable interactions with a third residue, meso-diaminopimelic acid, in the PG. This engineered vancomycin displays enhanced killing of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Vennard
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Temitope Oropo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Khatri U, Dayal N, Hu X, Larocque E, Naganna N, Shen T, Liu X, Holtsberg FW, Aman MJ, Sintim HO, Wu J. Targeting RET Solvent-Front Mutants with Alkynyl Nicotinamide-Based Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:717-725. [PMID: 37070927 PMCID: PMC10239345 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Selpercatinib (LOXO292) and pralsetinib (BLU667) are RET protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) recently approved for treating RET-altered cancers. However, RET mutations that confer selpercatinib/pralsetinib resistance have been identified, necessitating development of next-generation RET TKIs. While acquired RET G810C/R/S/V mutations were reported in selpercatinib-treated patients, it was unclear whether all of these and other potential G810 mutants are resistant to selpercatinib and pralsetinib. Here, we profiled selpercatinib and pralsetinib on all six possible G810 mutants derived from single nucleotide substitution and developed novel alkynyl nicotinamide-based RET TKIs to inhibit selpercatinib/pralsetinib-resistant RET G810 mutants. Surprisingly, the G810V mutant found in a clinical study was not resistant to selpercatinib or pralsetinib. Besides G810C/R/S, G810D also conferred selpercatinib/pralsetinib resistance. Alkynyl nicotinamide compounds such as HSN608, HSL476, and HSL468 have better drug-like properties than alkynyl benzamides. Six of these compounds inhibited all six G810 solvent-front mutants and the V804M gatekeeper mutant with IC50 < 50 nmol/L in cell culture. Oral administration of HSN608 at a well-tolerated dose (30 mg/kg) gave plasma level > 30x the IC50s of inhibiting all G810 mutants in cell culture. In cell-derived xenograft tumors driven by KIF5B-RET (G810C) that contains the most frequently observed solvent-front mutant in selpercatinib-treated patients, HSN608, HSL476, and HSL468 significantly suppressed and caused regression of the selpercatinib-resistant tumors. This study clarifies the sensitivities of different RET solvent-front mutants to selpercatinib and pralsetinib and identifies novel alkylnyl nicotinamide-based RET TKIs for inhibiting selpercatinib/pralsetinib-resistant G810 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwol Khatri
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Larocque
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nimishetti Naganna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - M. Javad Aman
- KinaRx, Inc., 4 Research Court, Suite 350, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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8
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Onyedibe KI, Mohallem R, Wang M, Aryal UK, Sintim HO. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of Jurkat T-cell treated with 2'3' cGAMP reveals various signaling axes impacted by cyclic dinucleotides. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104869. [PMID: 36889538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), such as 2'3'-cGAMP, bind to STING to trigger the production of cytokines and interferons, mainly via activation of TBK1. STING activation by CDN also leads to the release and activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) via the phosphorylation of Inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)-alpha (IκBα) by IκB Kinase (IKK). Beyond the canonical TBK1 or IKK phosphorylations, little is known about how CDNs broadly affect the phosphoproteome and/or other signaling axes. To fill this gap, we performed an unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of Jurkat T-cell treated with 2'3'-cGAMP or vehicle control to identify proteins and phosphorylation sites that are differentially modulated by 2'3'-cGAMP. We uncovered different classes of kinase signatures associated with cell response to 2'3'-cGAMP. 2'3'-cGAMP upregulated Arginase 2 (Arg2) and the antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I as well as proteins involved in ISGylation, E3 ISG15-protein ligase HERC5 and ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, while downregulating ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2C. Kinases that play a role in DNA double strand break repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation were differentially phosphorylated. Overall, this work demonstrates that 2'3'-cGAMP has a much broader effects on global phosphorylation events than currently appreciated, beyond the canonical TBK1/IKK signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: The host cyclic dinucleotide, 2'3'-cGAMP is known to bind to Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) to trigger the production of cytokines and interferons in immune cells via STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway. Beyond the canonical phosphorelay via the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, little is known about how this second messenger broadly affects the global proteome. Using an unbiased phosphoproteomics, this study identifies several kinases and phosphosites that are modulated by cGAMP. The study expands our knowledge about how cGAMP modulates global proteome and also global phosphorylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rodrigo Mohallem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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9
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Onyedibe KI, Nemeth AM, Dayal N, Smith RD, Lamptey J, Ernst RK, Melander RJ, Melander C, Sintim HO. Re-sensitization of Multidrug-Resistant and Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Colistin by Povarov/Doebner-Derived Compounds. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:283-295. [PMID: 36651182 PMCID: PMC10547215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colistin, typically viewed as the antibiotic of last resort to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, had fallen out of favor due to toxicity issues. The recent increase in clinical usage of colistin has resulted in colistin-resistant isolates becoming more common. To counter this threat, we have investigated previously reported compounds, HSD07 and HSD17, and developed 13 compounds with more desirable drug-like properties for colistin sensitization against 16 colistin-resistant bacterial strains, three of which harbor the plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1). Lead compound HSD1624, which has a lower LogDpH7.4 (2.46) compared to HSD07 (>5.58), reduces the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain TRPA161 to 0.03 μg/mL from 1024 μg/mL (34,000-fold reduction). Checkerboard assays revealed that HSD1624 and analogues are also synergistic with colistin against colistin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Preliminary mechanism of action studies indicate that HSD1624 exerts its action differently depending on the bacterial species. Time-kill studies suggested that HSD1624 in combination with 0.5 μg/mL colistin was bactericidal to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, as well as to E. coli harboring mcr-1, while against P. aeruginosa TRPA161, the combination was bacteriostatic. Mechanistically, HSD1624 increased membrane permeability in K. pneumoniae harboring a plasmid containing the mcr-1 gene but did not increase radical oxygen species (ROS), while a combination of 15 μM HSD1624 and 0.5 μg/mL colistin significantly increased ROS in P. aeruginosa TRPA161. HSD1624 was not toxic to mammalian red blood cells (up to 226 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
| | - Ansley M Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana47906, United States
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10
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Addeo A, Miranda-Morales E, den Hollander P, Friedlaender A, O Sintim H, Wu J, Mani SA, Subbiah V. RET aberrant cancers and RET inhibitor therapies: Current state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108344. [PMID: 36632846 PMCID: PMC10141525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Precision oncology informed by genomic information has evolved in leaps and bounds over the last decade. Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has moved to center-stage as the poster child of precision oncology, multiple targetable genomic alterations have been identified in various cancer types. RET alterations occur in roughly 2% of all human cancers. The role of RET as oncogenic driver was initially identified in 1985 after the discovery that transfection with human lymphoma DNA transforms NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Germline RET mutations are causative of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome, and RET fusions are found in 10-20% of papillary thyroid cases and are detected in most patients with advanced sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. RET fusions are oncogenic drivers in 2% of Non-small cell lung cancer. Rapid translation and regulatory approval of selective RET inhibitors, selpercatinib and pralsetinib, have opened up the field of RET precision oncology. This review provides an update on RET precision oncology from bench to bedside and back. We explore the impact of selective RET inhibitor in patients with advanced NSCLC, thyroid cancer, and other cancers in a tissue-agnostic fashion, resistance mechanisms, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Miranda-Morales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Legorreta Cancer Center, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Legorreta Cancer Center, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics(,) Division of Cancer Medicine, Unit 455, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Network, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Ong WWS, Dayal N, Chaudhuri R, Lamptey J, Sintim HO. STING antagonists, synthesized via Povarov-Doebner type multicomponent reaction. RSC Med Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3md00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING axis plays an important role in protecting higher organisms against invading pathogens or cancer by promoting the production of cytokines and interferons. However, persistent or uncontrolled activation of...
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12
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Vennard C, Sintim HO. An Expanding Role of 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide Monophosphates in Bacteria. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:1480-1483. [PMID: 36439309 PMCID: PMC9686210 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Vennard
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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Hu P, Ly KL, Pham LPH, Pottash AE, Sheridan K, Wu HC, Tsao CY, Quan D, Bentley WE, Rubloff GW, Sintim HO, Luo X. Bacterial chemotaxis in static gradients quantified in a biopolymer membrane-integrated microfluidic platform. Lab Chip 2022; 22:3203-3216. [PMID: 35856590 PMCID: PMC9756273 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is a fundamental bacterial response mechanism to changes in chemical gradients of specific molecules known as chemoattractant or chemorepellent. The advancement of biological platforms for bacterial chemotaxis research is of significant interest for a wide range of biological and environmental studies. Many microfluidic devices have been developed for its study, but challenges still remain that can obscure analysis. For example, cell migration can be compromised by flow-induced shear stress, and bacterial motility can be impaired by nonspecific cell adhesion to microchannels. Also, devices can be complicated, expensive, and hard to assemble. We address these issues with a three-channel microfluidic platform integrated with natural biopolymer membranes that are assembled in situ. This provides several unique attributes. First, a static, steady and robust chemoattractant gradient was generated and maintained. Second, because the assembly incorporates assembly pillars, the assembled membrane arrays connecting nearby pillars can be created longer than the viewing window, enabling a wide 2D area for study. Third, the in situ assembled biopolymer membranes minimize pressure and/or chemiosmotic gradients that could induce flow and obscure chemotaxis study. Finally, nonspecific cell adhesion is avoided by priming the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel surfaces with Pluronic F-127. We demonstrated chemotactic migration of Escherichia coli as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa under well-controlled easy-to-assemble glucose gradients. We characterized motility using the chemotaxis partition coefficient (CPC) and chemotaxis migration coefficient (CMC) and found our results consistent with other reports. Further, random walk trajectories of individual cells in simple bright field images were conveniently tracked and presented in rose plots. Velocities were calculated, again in agreement with previous literature. We believe the biopolymer membrane-integrated platform represents a facile and convenient system for robust quantitative assessment of cellular motility in response to various chemical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
| | - Khanh L Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Le P H Pham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kathleen Sheridan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David Quan
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.
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Karanja CW, Naganna N, Abutaleb NS, Dayal N, Onyedibe KI, Aryal U, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Isoquinoline Antimicrobial Agent: Activity against Intracellular Bacteria and Effect on Global Bacterial Proteome. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165085. [PMID: 36014324 PMCID: PMC9416421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of alkynyl isoquinoline antibacterial compounds, synthesized via Sonogashira coupling, with strong bactericidal activity against a plethora of Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains is presented. HSN584 and HSN739, representative compounds in this class, reduce methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) load in macrophages, whilst vancomycin, a drug of choice for MRSA infections, was unable to clear intracellular MRSA. Additionally, both HSN584 and HSN739 exhibited a low propensity to develop resistance. We utilized comparative global proteomics and macromolecule biosynthesis assays to gain insight into the alkynyl isoquinoline mechanism of action. Our preliminary data show that HSN584 perturb S. aureus cell wall and nucleic acid biosynthesis. The alkynyl isoquinoline moiety is a new scaffold for the development of potent antibacterial agents against fatal multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W. Karanja
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nimishetti Naganna
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Karanja C, Eldesouky HE, Liang HW, Dieterly A, Aryal UK, Lyle T, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Mechanistic Studies and In Vivo Efficacy of an Oxadiazole-Containing Antibiotic. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6612-6630. [PMID: 35482444 PMCID: PMC9124606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are still difficult to treat, despite the availability of many FDA-approved antibiotics. Thus, new compound scaffolds are still needed to treat MRSA. The oxadiazole-containing compound, HSGN-94, has been shown to reduce lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in S. aureus, but the mechanism that accounts for LTA biosynthesis inhibition remains uncharacterized. Herein, we report the elucidation of the mechanism by which HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via utilization of global proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, and lipid analysis via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our data suggest that HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via direct binding to PgcA and downregulation of PgsA. We further show that HSGN-94 reduces the MRSA load in skin infection (mouse) and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in MRSA-infected wounds. Collectively, HSGN-94 merits further consideration as a potential drug for staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caroline Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hassan E Eldesouky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hsin-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Alexandra Dieterly
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Naclerio GA, Onyedibe KI, Karanja CW, Aryal UK, Sintim HO. Comparative Studies to Uncover Mechanisms of Action of N-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide Containing Antibacterial Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:865-877. [PMID: 35297603 PMCID: PMC9188027 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial pathogens still cause high levels of mortality annually despite the availability of many antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is especially problematic, and the rise in resistance to front-line treatments like vancomycin and linezolid calls for new chemical modalities to treat chronic and relapsing MRSA infections. Halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are an interesting class of antimicrobial agents, which have been described by multiple groups to be effective against different bacterial pathogens. The modes of action of a few N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides have been elucidated. For example, oxadiazoles KKL-35 and MBX-4132 have been described as inhibitors of trans-translation (a ribosome rescue pathway), while HSGN-94 was shown to inhibit lipoteichoic acid (LTA). However, other similarly halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides neither inhibit trans-translation nor LTA biosynthesis but are potent antimicrobial agents. For example, HSGN-220, -218, and -144 are N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides that are modified with OCF3, SCF3, or SF5 and have remarkable minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 to 0.06 μg/mL against MRSA clinical isolates and show a low propensity to develop resistance to MRSA over 30 days. The mechanism of action of these highly potent oxadiazoles is however unknown. To provide insights into how these halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides inhibit bacterial growth, we performed global proteomics and RNA expression analysis of some essential genes of S. aureus treated with HSGN-220, -218, and -144. These studies revealed that the oxadiazoles HSGN-220, -218, and -144 are multitargeting antibiotics that regulate menaquinone biosynthesis and other essential proteins like DnaX, Pol IIIC, BirA, LexA, and DnaC. In addition, these halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides were able to depolarize bacterial membranes and regulate siderophore biosynthesis and heme regulation. Iron starvation appears to be part of the mechanism of action that led to bacterial killing. This study demonstrates that N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are indeed privileged scaffolds for the development of antibacterial agents and that subtle modifications lead to changes to the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caroline W. Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Onyedibe KI, Elmanfi S, Aryal UK, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK, Sintim HO. Global proteomics of fibroblast cells treated with bacterial cyclic dinucleotides, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:2003617. [PMID: 34992733 PMCID: PMC8725719 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constant exposure of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to oral pathogens trigger selective immune responses. Recently, the activation of immune response to cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) via STING has come to the forefront. Reports show that other proteins outside the STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis respond to CDNs but a global view of impacted proteome in diverse cells is lacking. HGFs are constantly exposed to bacterial-derived cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). AIM To understand the response of HGFs to bacterial-derived CDNs, we carried out a global proteomics analysis of HGFs treated with c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP. METHODS The expression levels of several proteins modulated by CDNs were examined. RESULTS Interferon signaling proteins such as Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (ISG15), Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 (MX1), Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1 (IFIT1), and (IFIT3) were significantly upregulated. Interestingly, other pathways not fully characterized to be regulated by CDNs, such as necroptosis signaling, iron homeostasis signaling, protein ubiquitination, EIF2 signaling, sumoylation and nucleotide excision repair pathways were also modulated by the bacterial-derived CDNs. CONCLUSION This study has added to the increasing appreciation that beyond the regulation of cytokine production via STING, cyclic dinucleotides also broadly affect many critical processes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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18
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Onyedibe KI, Dayal N, Sintim HO. SF 5- and SCF 3-substituted tetrahydroquinoline compounds as potent bactericidal agents against multidrug-resistant persister Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1879-1893. [PMID: 34825185 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria persister cells are immune to most antibiotics and hence compounds that are active against persister bacteria are needed. We screened a chemical library of SF5- and SCF3-substituted tetrahydroquinoline compounds, synthesized via the Povarov reaction, for antibacterial activity and identified active compounds that displayed good activities against many Gram-positive bacteria, including persisters. The most potent of these compounds, HSD1835, inhibited the growth of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (including clinical strains) at concentrations ranging from 1 μg mL-1 to 4 μg mL-1. Several of the SCF3- and SF5-containing compounds were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and against the two most fatal strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), VRE faecalis and VRE faecium. The compounds showed bactericidal activity against stationary phase persister MRSA in time-kill assays. Mechanistic studies showed that HSD1835 acts by disrupting bacterial membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm bacterial membrane disruption. Interestingly, in a 30 day serial exposure experiment, MRSA remained susceptible to low-dose HSD1835 whilst resistance to ciprofloxacin and mupirocin emerged by day 10. Analogs of HSD1835, which did not bear the SF5 or SCF3 moieties, were inactive against bacteria. Recent reports (G. A. Naclerio, N. S. Abutaleb, K. I. Onyedibe, M. N. Seleem and H. O. Sintim, RSC Med. Chem. 2020, 11, 102-110 and G. A. Naclerio, N. S. Abutaleb, D. Li, M. N. Seleem and H. O. Sintim, J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63(20), 11934-11944) also demonstrated that adding the SF5 or SCF3 groups to a different scaffold (oxadiazoles) enhanced the antibacterial properties of the compounds, so it appears that these groups are privileged moieties that enhance the antimicrobial activities of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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19
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Abstract
Many pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid, are potent immunostimulatory molecules and promote the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). While the production of COX-2, and ultimately prostaglandin E2, could be protective, persistent induction of COX-2 leads to inflamed environments that can result in septic shock and death. Bacterial derived cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are also PAMPs and have been shown to produce inflamed environments via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons. The well-characterized CDN immunostimulatory mechanism involves binding to stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which ultimately results in the phosphorylation of IRF3 or release of NF-κB to promote expression of type I IFN or pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we sought to investigate if CDNs promote COX-2 expression. Using RAW macrophages as a model system, we reveal that c-di-GMP, but not c-di-AMP or the host-derived 2',3'-cGAMP, promotes COX-2 expression. Using analogues of CDNs, we show that the presence of two guanines and two 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages are requirements for the promotion of COX-2 expression by cyclic dinucleotides. Both c-di-GMP and LPS inductions of COX-2 expression in RAW macrophages are STING-independent and are regulated by Tpl2-MEK-ERK-CREB signaling; inhibitors of Tpl2, MEK, and ERK could attenuate COX-2 expression promoted by c-di-GMP. This work adds to the growing body of evidence that cyclic dinucleotides regulate pathways other than the STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis. Additionally, the differential COX-2 induction by c-di-GMP but not c-di-AMP or cGAMP suggests that the type and level of inflammation could be dictated by the nucleotide signature of the invading pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Wang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Riddhi Chaudhuri
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wilson W. S. Ong
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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20
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Dayal N, Řezníčková E, Hernandez DE, Peřina M, Torregrosa-Allen S, Elzey BD, Škerlová J, Ajani H, Djukic S, Vojáčková V, Lepšík M, Řezáčová P, Kryštof V, Jorda R, Sintim HO. 3 H-Pyrazolo[4,3- f]quinoline-Based Kinase Inhibitors Inhibit the Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10981-10996. [PMID: 34288692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline moiety has been recently shown to be a privileged kinase inhibitor core with potent activities against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines in vitro. Herein, various 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-containing compounds were rapidly assembled via the Doebner-Povarov multicomponent reaction from the readily available 5-aminoindazole, ketones, and heteroaromatic aldehydes in good yields. The most active compounds potently inhibit the recombinant FLT3 kinase and its mutant forms with nanomolar IC50 values. Docking studies with the FLT3 kinase showed a type I binding mode, where the 3H-pyrazolo group interacts with Cys694 in the hinge region. The compounds blocked the proliferation of AML cell lines harboring oncogenic FLT3-ITD mutations with remarkable IC50 values, which were comparable to the approved FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib. The compounds also inhibited the growth of leukemia in a mouse-disseminated AML model, and hence, the novel 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-containing kinase inhibitors are potential lead compounds to develop into anticancer agents, especially for kinase-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Delmis E Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Miroslav Peřina
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Torregrosa-Allen
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Haresh Ajani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Djukic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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21
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Elmanfi S, Yilmaz M, Ong WWS, Yeboah KS, Sintim HO, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Role in Periodontitis? Pathogens 2021; 10:675. [PMID: 34070809 PMCID: PMC8226932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cells can recognize cytosolic double-stranded DNAs and endogenous second messengers as cyclic dinucleotides-including c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP-of invading microbes via the critical and essential innate immune signaling adaptor molecule known as STING. This recognition activates the innate immune system and leads to the production of Type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we (1) focus on the possible role of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the regulation of periodontal immune response, and (2) review and discuss activators and inhibitors of the STING pathway as immune response regulators and their potential utility in the treatment of periodontitis. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the terms "STING", "TBK 1", "IRF3", and "cGAS"-alone, or together with "periodontitis". Current studies produced evidence for using STING-pathway-targeting molecules as part of anticancer therapy, and as vaccine adjuvants against microbial infections; however, the role of the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in periodontal disease pathogenesis is still undiscovered. Understanding the stimulation of the innate immune response by cyclic dinucleotides opens a new approach to host modulation therapies in periodontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Wilson W. S. Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kofi S. Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
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22
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Abstract
Halogenated phenazines (HPs) are potent antimicrobial agents. A newly developed halogenated phenazine, HP-29, displays remarkable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.08 μM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA. HP-29 eradicates preformed biofilm via iron starvation, is nontoxic to mammalian cell lines and is efficacious in wound infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Alhashimi M, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. N-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)Benzamides as Antibacterial Agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2427. [PMID: 33671065 PMCID: PMC7957578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an urgent-threat Gram-negative bacterial pathogen. Additionally, resistance to frontline treatment (dual therapy with azithromycin and ceftriaxone) has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, which has caused a global health crisis. The drug pipeline for N. gonorrhoeae has been severely lacking as new antibacterial agents have not been approved by the FDA in the last twenty years. Thus, there is a need for new chemical entities active against drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3), and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are novel compounds with potent activities against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Here, we report the discovery of new N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides (HSGN-237 and -238) with highly potent activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Additionally, these new compounds were shown to have activity against clinically important Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and Listeria monocytogenes (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.25 µg/mL). Both compounds were highly tolerable to human cell lines. Moreover, HSGN-238 showed an outstanding ability to permeate across the gastrointestinal tract, indicating it would have a high systemic absorption if used as an anti-gonococcal therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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24
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Abstract
Immune cells sense bacteria-derived c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP as well as host-derived cGAMP, which is synthesized by cGAS upon binding to the pathogen's DNA, to mount an immunological response (cytokine production) via the STING-TBK1 pathway. Successful pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and group B streptococcus, harbor phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that can cleave bacterial c-di-AMP as well as host-derived cGAMP to blunt the host's response to infection. Selective inhibitors of bacterial cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) PDEs are needed as tool compounds to study the role(s) of CDN PDEs during infection and they could also become bona fide antivirulence compounds, but there is a paucity of such compounds. Using a high-throughput assay, we identified six inhibitors of MTB CDN PDE (CdnP). The most potent inhibitor, C82 with an IC50 of ∼18 μM, did not inhibit the enzymatic activities of three other bacterial CDN PDEs (Yybt, RocR, and GBS-CdnP), a viral CDN PDE (poxin) or mammalian ENPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W. Karanja
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Kofi S. Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Abstract
To address a key challenge of conjugated polymers in biomedical applications having poor antifouling properties that eventually leads to the failure and reduced lifetime of bioelectronics in the body, herein we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of our newly designed multifunctional zwitterionic liquid crystalline polymer PCBTh-C8C10, which is facilely synthesized using oxidative polymerization. A conjugated polythiophene backbone, a multifunctional zwitterionic side chain, and a mesogenic unit are integrated into one segment. By DSC and POM characterization, we verify that the introduction of 3,5-bis(2-octyl-1-dodecyloxy)benzene as a mesogenic unit into the polythiophene backbone allows the formation of the liquid crystalline mesophase of the resulting polymer. We also demonstrate that the PCBTh-C8C10 coated surface exhibits good conductivity, stability, hydrophilicity, and remarkable antibiofouling properties against protein adsorption, cell growth, and bacteria attachment. This new zwitterionic liquid crystalline polymer having good antibiofouling features will be widely recognized as a promising biomaterial that is applicable in implantable organic bioelectronics via inhibiting the foreign body response. A deep understanding of structure-property relationships of zwitterionic conjugated polymers has also been provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Jian Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Haesoo Moon
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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26
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Karanja CW, Yeboah KS, Ong WWS, Sintim HO. A STING-based fluorescent polarization assay for monitoring activities of cyclic dinucleotide metabolizing enzymes. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 2:206-214. [PMID: 34458783 PMCID: PMC8341399 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Consequently there is a need for simple and inexpensive methods for profiling these compounds in biological media, monitoring their synthesis or degradation by enzymes and for identifying inhibitors of proteins that metabolize or bind to these dinucleotides. Since 2011, when we reported the first simple method to detect c-di-GMP (S. Nakayama, I. Kelsey, J. Wang, K. Roelofs, B. Stefane, Y. Luo, V. T. Lee and H. O. Sintim, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 4856) or in 2014 when we revealed another surprisingly simple assay to detect c-di-AMP (J. Zhou, D. A. Sayre, Y. Zheng, H. Szmacinski and H. O. Sintim, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 2412), there have been efforts to develop assays to detect cyclic dinucleotides by others. However a unified and simple assay, which can be used for all cyclic dinucleotides is lacking. Here, we investigate STING binding by various fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and cGAMP, using fluorescent polarization (FP). Fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP (F-c-di-GMP) was found to be the best binder of STING. This probe could be displaced by unlabeled cGAMP, c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP and hence it is a universal probe, which can be used to monitor all three dinucleotides. HPLC analysis was used to validate the new F-c-di-GMP-based FP assay. Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W Karanja
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Kofi S Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Wilson W S Ong
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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27
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Hauk P, Stephens K, Virgile C, VanArsdale E, Pottash AE, Schardt JS, Jay SM, Sintim HO, Bentley WE. Homologous Quorum Sensing Regulatory Circuit: A Dual-Input Genetic Controller for Modulating Quorum Sensing-Mediated Protein Expression in E. coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2692-2702. [PMID: 32822530 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid synthetic circuit that co-opts the genetic regulation of the native bacterial quorum sensing autoinducer-2 and imposes an extra external controller for maintaining tightly controlled gene expression. This dual-input genetic controller was mathematically modeled and, by design, can be operated in three modes: a constitutive mode that enables consistent and high levels of expression; a tightly repressed mode in which there is very little background expression; and an inducible mode in which concentrations of two signals (arabinose and autoinducer-2) determine the net amplification of the gene(s)-of-interest. We demonstrate the utility of the circuit for the controlled expression of human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in an engineered probiotic E. coli. This dual-input genetic controller is the first homologous AI-2 quorum sensing circuit that has the ability to be operated in three different modes. We believe it has the potential for wide-ranging biotechnological applications due its versatile features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pricila Hauk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kristina Stephens
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chelsea Virgile
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eric VanArsdale
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alex Eli Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John S. Schardt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Steven M. Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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28
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Biyani SA, Qi Q, Wu J, Moriuchi Y, Larocque EA, Sintim HO, Thompson DH. Use of High-Throughput Tools for Telescoped Continuous Flow Synthesis of an Alkynylnaphthyridine Anticancer Agent, HSN608. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti A. Biyani
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Qingqing Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jingze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuta Moriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Larocque
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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29
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Li D, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Ultrapotent Inhibitor of Clostridioides difficile Growth, Which Suppresses Recurrence In Vivo. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11934-11944. [PMID: 32960605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the U.S. and considered an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Only two antibiotics, vancomycin and fidaxomicin, are FDA-approved for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI), but these therapies still suffer from high treatment failure and recurrence. Therefore, new chemical entities to treat CDI are needed. Trifluoromethylthio-containing N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides displayed very potent activities [sub-μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values] against Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report remarkable antibacterial activity enhancement via halogen substitutions, which afforded new anti-C. difficile agents with ultrapotent activities [MICs as low as 0.003 μg/mL (0.007 μM)] that surpassed the activity of vancomycin against C. difficile clinical isolates. The most promising compound in the series, HSGN-218, is nontoxic to mammalian colon cells and is gut-restrictive. In addition, HSGN-218 protected mice from CDI recurrence. Not only does this work provide a potential clinical lead for the development of C. difficile therapeutics but also highlights dramatic drug potency enhancement via halogen substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daoyi Li
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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30
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Elmanfi S, Sintim HO, Zhou J, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Activation of Gingival Fibroblasts by Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and Lipopolysaccharide. Pathogens 2020; 9:E792. [PMID: 32993127 PMCID: PMC7600373 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and respond with inflammatory proteins. Simultaneous impacts of bacterial cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gingival keratinocytes have been previously demonstrated, but the effects of these MAMPs on other periodontal cell types, such as gingival fibroblasts, remain to be clarified. The present aim was to examine the independent and combined effects of these cyclic dinucleotides and LPS on interleukin (IL) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) response of HGFs. The cells were incubated with c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, for 2 h and 24 h. The levels of IL-8, -10, and -34, and MMP-1, -2, and -3 secreted were measured by the Luminex technique. LPS alone or together with cyclic dinucleotides elevated IL-8 levels. IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the presence of c-di-GMP and LPS after 2 h but disappeared after 24 h of incubation. Concurrent treatment of c-di-AMP and LPS elevated MMP-1 levels, whereas c-di-GMP with LPS suppressed MMP-2 levels but increased MMP-3 levels. To conclude, we produce evidence that cyclic dinucleotides interact with LPS-mediated early response of gingival fibroblasts, while late cellular response is mainly regulated by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
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31
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Dayal N, Wang M, Sintim HO. HSD1787, a Tetrahydro-3 H-Pyrazolo[4,3- f]Quinoline Compound Synthesized via Povarov Reaction, Potently Inhibits Proliferation of Cancer Cell Lines at Nanomolar Concentrations. ACS Omega 2020; 5:23799-23807. [PMID: 32984700 PMCID: PMC7513343 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reaction (MCR) is often used to rapidly assemble complex compounds for drug screening. Povarov MCR has been used to prepare a new library containing tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline core and the library tested against MDA-MB-231 (a triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC, cell line). A few of the tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-containing compounds, bearing 3-aminoindazolyl group, potently inhibited MDA-MB-231. The most active compound, HSD1787, was evaluated against NCI60 cell lines and this compound inhibited melanoma, renal, breast, ovarian, and leukemia cancer cell lines with GI50 values as low as 0.1 μM. The tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline core is therefore a new scaffold that could be developed into potent anticancer therapeutics against difficult-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dayal
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Modi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Xu J, Moon H, Xu J, Lim J, Fischer T, McNally HA, Sintim HO, Lee H. One-Step Large-Scale Nanotexturing of Nonplanar PTFE Surfaces to Induce Bactericidal and Anti-inflammatory Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:26893-26904. [PMID: 32437600 PMCID: PMC8176282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a simple and scalable nanotexturing method for both planar (films) and nonplanar (tubes) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces using a commercial desktop oxygen plasma etcher. The simple process can generate semiordered nanopillar structures on both tubular and planar samples with high radial and axial uniformity. We found that the resulting surfaces exhibit good in vitro bactericidal and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. When tested against Staphylococcus aureus, the nanotextured surfaces showed significantly decreased live bacteria coverage and increased dead bacteria coverage, demonstrating significant bactericidal functionality. Moreover, the etched planar PTFE films exhibited better healing and inflammatory responses in the subcutis of C57BL/6 mice over 7 and 21 days, evidenced by a thinner inflammatory band, lower collagen deposition, and decreased macrophage infiltration. Our results suggest the possibility of using this simple process to generate large scale biomimetic nanotextured surfaces with good antibiofouling properties to enhance the functionality of many implantable and other biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Haesoo Moon
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jinjia Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Thomas Fischer
- School of Engineering Technology, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Helen A McNally
- School of Engineering Technology, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Aryal UK, Hedrick V, Onyedibe KI, Sobreira TJP, Sooreshjani MA, Wang M, Gürsoy UK, Sintim HO. Global Proteomic Analyses of STING-Positive and -Negative Macrophages Reveal STING and Non-STING Differentially Regulated Cellular and Molecular Pathways. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900109. [PMID: 32065729 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate and other bacterial-derived cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate or cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate trigger innate immune responses through binding to stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Thus in chronic infection, such as in periodontitis, immune cells can be exposed to bacterial DNA and/or cyclic dinucleotides, potentially activating STING to cause inflammation. Thus far the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-STING- TANK-binding kinase 1 pathway has been well characterized but a global perspective of how the presence or lack of STING affect the proteome is lacking. The aim of this study is to identify macrophage proteins that are affected by STING. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Proteins are extracted from a macrophage cell line harboring STING (RAW-Blue ISG) as well as a STING knockout (STING KO) cell line (RAW-Lucia ISG-KO-STING) and global proteomics analyses are performed. RESULTS Proteins related to kinase and phosphatase signaling, spliceosome, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and phagocytosis are affected by STING knock out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE STING pathway in macrophages is related to the regulation of several proteins that are known as potent biomarkers of various cancers and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, the relation between STING and phagocytosis is demonstrated for the first time. Further validation studies will help identify molecules and pathways that may function as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Victoria Hedrick
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Delmis E. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology
and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Larocque E, Chu EFY, Naganna N, Sintim HO. Nicotinamide-Ponatinib Analogues as Potent Anti-CML and Anti-AML Compounds. ACS Omega 2020; 5:2690-2698. [PMID: 32095692 PMCID: PMC7033671 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is a multikinase inhibitor that is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia patients harboring mutated ABL1(T315I) kinase. Due to the potent inhibition of FLT3, RET, and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), it is also being evaluated against acute myeloid leukemia (AML), biliary, and lung cancers. The multikinase inhibition profile of ponatinib may also account for its toxicity, thus analogs with improved kinase selectivity or different kinase inhibition profiles could be better tolerated. The introduction of nitrogen into drug compounds can enhance efficacy and drug properties (a concept called "necessary nitrogen"). Here, we introduce additional nitrogen into the benzamide moiety of ponatinib to arrive at nicotinamide analogs. A nicotinamide analogue of ponatinib, HSN748, retains activity against FLT3, ABL1, RET, and PDGFRα/β but loses activity against c-Src and P38α. MNK1 and 2 are key kinases that phosphorylate eIF4E to regulate the protein translation complex. MNK also modulates mTORC1 signaling and contributes to rapamycin resistance. Inhibitors of MNK1 and 2 are being evaluated for anticancer therapy. Ponatinib is not a potent inhibitor of MNK1 or 2, but the nicotinamide analogs are potent inhibitors of MNKs. This illustrates a powerful demonstration of the necessary nitrogen concept to alter both the potency and selectivity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Larocque
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth Fei Yin Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nimmashetti Naganna
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue
University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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Xu J, Xu J, Moon H, Sintim HO, Lee H. Zwitterionic Porous Conjugated Polymers as a Versatile Platform for Antibiofouling Implantable Bioelectronics. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2020; 2:528-536. [PMID: 32490375 PMCID: PMC7266170 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of two kinds of multifunctional zwitterionic linear poly(carboxybetaine thiophene) (PCBTh) and porous poly(carboxybetaine thiophene-co-9,9'-bifluoreneylidene) (PCBTh-coBF) polymers, which can be facilely synthesized using Yamamoto and Suzuki polycondensation, respectively. The integrations of zwitterionic polymer-based biomaterials that consist of conjugated polymer backbones, multifunctional zwitterionic side chains, and distorted units are designed and studied to address a key challenge of conjugated polymers in biomedical applications: biofouling phenomena that eventually lead to the failure and reduced lifetime of bioelectronics in the body. The introduction of a twisting unit into the polymer backbone allows us to tune the porosity, morphology, optical properties, and efficiency of antibiofouling features of resulting polymers. The PCBTh-coBF coated surface exhibits good conductivity, stability, hydrophilicity, and antibiofouling properties against protein adsorption, cell growth, and bacteria attachment, which may be useful for chronic in vivo bioelectronics applications by minimizing the foreign body response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Haesoo Moon
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:102-110. [PMID: 33479609 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects about 80 000 patients in the US annually and directly causes about 11 000 deaths. Therefore, despite the fact that there are several drugs available for the treatment of MRSA, there is a need for new chemical entities. We previously reported that 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl sulfonamide F6 was bacteriostatic and inhibited MRSA strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg mL-1. Here, we report the discovery of trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against MRSA [MIC values as low as 0.06 μg mL-1 against linezolid-resistant S. aureus (NRS 119)]. Interestingly, whereas the OCF3 and SO2CF3 containing oxadiazoles were bacteriostatic, the SCF3 and SF5 containing oxadiazoles were bactericidal. They exhibited a wide spectrum of activities against an extensive panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant or cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 12 outperformed vancomycin in clearing intracellular MRSA in infected macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds behaved synergistically or additively with antibiotics used for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
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38
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Sintim HO, Valade A, Harling DC, Hodgson DM. Squarate desymmetrisation–ozonolysis as an approach to β-substituted-α-ketosuccinates and squalestatin synthesis. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Sintim HO, Mikek CG, Wang M, Sooreshjani MA. Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules. Medchemcomm 2019; 10:1999-2023. [PMID: 32206239 PMCID: PMC7069516 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis plays important roles in host immunity. Activation of this signaling pathway, via cytosolic sensing of bacterial-derived c-di-GMP/c-di-AMP or host-derived cGAMP, leads to the production of inflammatory interferons and cytokines that help resolve infection. Small molecule activators of the cGAS-STING axis have the potential to augment immune response against various pathogens or cancer. The aberrant activation of this pathway, due to gain-of-function mutations in any of the proteins that are part of the signaling axis, could lead to various autoimmune diseases. Inhibiting various nodes of the cGAS-STING axis could provide relief to patients with autoimmune diseases. Many excellent reviews on the cGAS-STING axis have been published recently, and these have mainly focused on the molecular details of the cGAS-STING pathway. This review however focuses on small molecules that can be used to modulate various aspects of the cGAS-STING pathway, as well as other parallel inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
- Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , 720 Clinic Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Clinton G Mikek
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Moloud A Sooreshjani
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
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40
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Onyedibe KI, Wang M, Sintim HO. ENPP1, an Old Enzyme with New Functions, and Small Molecule Inhibitors-A STING in the Tale of ENPP1. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224192. [PMID: 31752288 PMCID: PMC6891441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I (ENPP1) was identified several decades ago as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase enzymatic activities, critical for purinergic signaling. Recently, ENPP1 has emerged as a critical phosphodiesterase that degrades the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP or analogs thereof have emerged as potent immunostimulatory agents, which have potential applications in immunotherapy. This emerging role of ENPP1 has placed this "old" enzyme at the frontier of immunotherapy. This review highlights the roles played by ENPP1, the mechanism of cGAMP hydrolysis by ENPP1, and small molecule inhibitors of ENPP1 with potential applications in diverse disease states, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Modi Wang
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(765)-496-6078; Fax: +1-(765)-494-0239
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41
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Dayal N, Opoku-Temeng C, Mohammad H, Abutaleb NS, Hernandez D, Onyedibe KI, Wang M, Zeller M, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Inhibitors of Intracellular Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth Synthesized via Povarov-Doebner Reactions. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1820-1830. [PMID: 31512848 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can survive both inside and outside of phagocytic and nonphagocytic host cells. Once in the intracellular milieu, most antibiotics have reduced ability to kill S. aureus, thus resulting in relapse of infection. Consequently, there is a need for antibacterial agents that can accumulate to lethal concentrations within host cells to clear intracellular infections. We have identified tetrahydrobenzo[a or c]phenanthridine and tetrahydrobenzo[a or c]acridine compounds, synthesized via a one-flask Povarov-Doebner operation from readily available amines, aldehydes, and cyclic ketones, as potent agents against drug-resistant S. aureus. Importantly, the tetrahydrobenzo[a or c]phenanthridine and tetrahydrobenzo[a or c]acridine compounds can accumulate in macrophage cells and reduce the burden of intracellular MRSA better than the drug of choice, vancomycin. We observed that MRSA could not develop resistance (by passage 30) against tetrahydrobenzo[a or c]acridine compound 15. Moreover, tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridine compound 15 and tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine compound 16 were nontoxic to red blood cells and were nonmutagenic. Preliminary data indicated that compound 16 reduced bacterial load (MRSA USA300) in mice (thigh infection model) to the same degree as vancomycin. These observations suggest that compounds 15 and 16 and analogues thereof could become therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dayal
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haroon Mohammad
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Delmis Hernandez
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Modi Wang
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Wang M, Naganna N, Sintim HO. Identification of nicotinamide aminonaphthyridine compounds as potent RET kinase inhibitors and antitumor activities against RET rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sintim HO, Al Mamari HH, Almohseni HAA, Fegheh-Hassanpour Y, Hodgson DM. Alkylation of lithiated dimethyl tartrate acetonide with unactivated alkyl halides and application to an asymmetric synthesis of the 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core of squalestatins/zaragozic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1194-1202. [PMID: 31293666 PMCID: PMC6604716 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(R,R)-Dimethyl tartrate acetonide 7 in THF/HMPA undergoes deprotonation with LDA and reaction at −78 °C during 12–72 h with a range of alkyl halides, including non-activated substrates, to give single diastereomers (at the acetonide) of monoalkylated tartrates 17, 24, 33a–f, 38a,b, 41 of R,R-configuration, i.e., a stereoretentive process (13–78% yields). Separable trans-dialkylated tartrates 34a–f can be co-produced in small amounts (9–14%) under these conditions, and likely arise from the achiral dienolate 36 of tartrate 7. Enolate oxidation and acetonide removal from γ-silyloxyalkyl iodide-derived alkylated tartrates 17 and 24 give ketones 21 and 26 and then Bamford–Stevens-derived diazoesters 23 and 27, respectively. Only triethylsilyl-protected diazoester 27 proved viable to deliver a diazoketone 28. The latter underwent stereoselective carbonyl ylide formation–cycloaddition with methyl glyoxylate and acid-catalysed rearrangement of the resulting cycloadduct 29, to give the 3,4,5-tricarboxylate-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core 31 of squalestatins/zaragozic acids. Furthermore, monoalkylated tartrates 33a,d,f, and 38a on reaction with NaOMe in MeOH at reflux favour (≈75:25) the cis-diester epimers epi-33a,d,f and epi-38a (54–67% isolated yields), possessing the R,S-configuration found in several monoalkylated tartaric acid motif-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907- 2112, USA
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hasanain A A Almohseni
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,permanent address: University of Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq
| | - Younes Fegheh-Hassanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Dayal N, Mikek CG, Hernandez D, Naclerio GA, Yin Chu EF, Carter-Cooper BA, Lapidus RG, Sintim HO. Potently inhibiting cancer cell migration with novel 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline boronic acid ROCK inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:449-456. [PMID: 31330446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed in most adult tissues, and are involved in modulating the cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and degradation pathways, synaptic function, and autophagy to list a few. A few ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil and netarsudil, are approved for clinical use. Here we present a new ROCK inhibitor, boronic acid containing HSD1590, which is more potent than netarsudil at binding to or inhibiting ROCK enzymatic activities. This compound exhibits single digit nanomolar binding to ROCK (Kds < 2 nM) and subnanomolar enzymatic inhibition profile (ROCK2 IC50 is 0.5 nM for HSD1590. Netarsudil, an FDA-approved drug, inhibited ROCK2 with IC50 = 11 nM under similar conditions). Whereas netarsudil was cytotoxic to breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 (greater than 80% growth inhibition at concentrations greater than 5 μM), HSD1590 displayed low cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231. Interestingly, at 1 μM HSD1590 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 whereas netarsudil did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clinton G Mikek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Delmis Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - George A Naclerio
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fei Yin Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brandon A Carter-Cooper
- Translational Core Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Translational Core Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Naclerio GA, Karanja CW, Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Antibacterial Small Molecules That Potently Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1000-1004. [PMID: 30939229 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance, especially in Staphylococcus aureus, and the increasing death rate due to multiresistant bacteria have been well documented. The need for new chemical entities and/or the identification of novel targets for antibacterial drug development is high. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a membrane-attached anionic polymer, is important for the growth and virulence of many Gram-positive bacteria, and interest has been high in the discovery of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors. Thus far, only a handful of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors have been described with moderate (MIC=5.34 μg mL-1 ) to low (MIC=1024 μg mL-1 ) activities against S. aureus. Herein we describe the identification of novel compounds that potently inhibit LTA biosynthesis in S. aureus, displaying impressive antibacterial activities (MIC as low as 0.25 μg mL-1 ) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Under similar in vitro assay conditions, these compounds are 4-fold more potent than vancomycin and 8-fold more potent than linezolid against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Caroline W Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Opoku-Temeng C, Onyedibe KI, Aryal UK, Sintim HO. Proteomic analysis of bacterial response to a 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinone compound, which re-sensitizes bacteria to traditional antibiotics. J Proteomics 2019; 202:103368. [PMID: 31028946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinones have been shown to re-sensitize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) to methicillin and vancomycin respectively. The mechanism of antibiotic re-sensitization was however not previously studied. Here, we probe the scope of antibiotic re-sensitization and present the global proteomics analysis of S. aureus treated with GW5074, a 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinone compound. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL against S. aureus, GW5074 synergized with beta-lactam antibiotics like ampicillin, carbenicillin and cloxacillin, the DNA synthesis inhibitor, ciprofloxacin, the protein synthesis inhibitor, gentamicin and the folate acid synthesis inhibitor, trimethoprim. Global proteomics analysis revealed that GW5074 treatment resulted in significant downregulation of enzymes involved in the purine biosynthesis. S. aureus proteins involved in amino acid metabolism and peptide transport were also observed to be downregulated. Interestingly, anti-virulence targets such as AgrC (a quorum sensing-related histidine kinase), AgrA (a quorum sensing-related response regulator) as well as downstream targets, such as hemolysins, lipases and proteases in S. aureus were also downregulated by GW5074. We observed that the peptidoglycan hydrolase, SceD was significantly upregulated. The activity of GW5074 on S. aureus suggests that the compound primes bacteria for the antibacterial action of ineffective antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE: Antibiotic resistance continues to present significant challenges to the treatment of bacterial infections. Given that antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon and that it has become increasingly difficult to discover novel antibiotics, efforts to improve the activity of existing agents are worth pursuing. A few small molecules that re-sensitize resistant bacteria to traditional antibiotics have been described but the molecular details that underpin how these compounds work to re-sensitize bacteria remain largely unknown. In this report, global label-free quantitative proteomics was used to identify changes in the proteome that occurs when GW5074, a compound that re-sensitize MRSA to methicillin, is administered to S. aureus. The identification of pathways that are impacted by GW5074 could help identify novel targets for antibiotic re-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Naganna N, Opoku-Temeng C, Choi EY, Larocque E, Chang ET, Carter-Cooper BA, Wang M, Torregrosa-Allen SE, Elzey BD, Lapidus RG, Sintim HO. Amino alkynylisoquinoline and alkynylnaphthyridine compounds potently inhibit acute myeloid leukemia proliferation in mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:231-239. [PMID: 30686755 PMCID: PMC6413339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the most lethal, rarely cured cancers, despite decades of active development of AML therapeutics. Currently, the 5-year survival of AML patients is about 30% and for elderly patients, the rate drops to <10%. About 30% of AML patients harbor an activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) or a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Inhibitors of FLT3, such as Rydapt that was recently approved by the FDA, have shown good initial response but patients often relapse due to secondary mutations in the FLT3 TKD, like D835Y and F691 L mutations. METHODS Alkynyl aminoisoquinoline and naphthyridine compounds were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effects on leukemia growth. FINDINGS The compounds inhibited FLT3 kinase activity at low nanomolar concentrations. The lead compound, HSN431, also inhibited Src kinase activity. The compounds potently inhibited the viability of MV4-11 and MOLM-14 AML cells with IC50 values <1 nM. Furthermore, the viability of drug-resistant AML cells harboring the D835Y and F691 L mutations were potently inhibited. In vivo efficacy studies in mice demonstrated that the compounds could drastically reduce AML proliferation in mice. INTERPRETATION Compounds that inhibit FLT3 and downstream targets like Src (for example HSN431) are good leads for development as anti-AML agents. FUND: Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (PIDD), Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Elks Foundation and NIH P30 CA023168.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naganna
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eun Yong Choi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Larocque
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Modi Wang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Bennett D Elzey
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wang M, Sintim HO. Discriminating cyclic from linear nucleotides - CRISPR/Cas-related cyclic hexaadenosine monophosphate as a case study. Anal Biochem 2018; 567:21-26. [PMID: 30502320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids exist in biological systems as linear and cyclic forms and in most cases the biology of the cyclic form is different from the linear form of exactly the same sequence. Case examples are cyclic nucleotides, second messengers in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes whereby the cyclic forms account for their interesting biological profiles and the actions of the cyclic nucleotides are terminated upon phosphodiesterase hydrolysis into linear forms. For mono and dinucleotides, it has been shown that vast conformational changes that accompany the hydrolysis of the cyclized form allow for discrimination between the cyclized and linear forms. As the ring size increases, it becomes difficult to use conformational or structural differences alone to discriminate between cyclic and linear nucleotides. Here we reveal that for the recently discovered CRISPR/Cas-related cyclic hexaadenosine monophosphate, it is possible to discriminate between the cyclized and linear forms. The structures of c-HexaAMP and linear form are different in acidic media and this structural difference facilitated a simple and practical detection platform for this interesting and new bacterial immunity-related molecule, and we also demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish between linear and cyclized polynucleotides using simple spectroscopic techniques, such as CD and fluorescence-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Wang
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
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Elmanfi S, Zhou J, Sintim HO, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Gürsoy UK. Regulation of gingival epithelial cytokine response by bacterial cyclic dinucleotides. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1538927. [PMID: 30598733 PMCID: PMC6263105 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1538927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic dinucleotides (cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Individual impacts of PAMPs on immune system have been evaluated, but simultaneous actions of multiple PAMPs have not been studied. OBJECTIVE Examination the effects of cyclic dinucleotides and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS on gingival epithelial cytokine response. METHODS Human gingival keratinocytes (HMK) were incubated with 1, 10, and 100 µM concentrations of c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis LPS. Intra- and extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-1Ra, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using the Luminex technique. RESULTS LPS decreased extracellular IL-8 levels, while the presence of c-di-AMP inhibited this effect. Incubating HMK cells with c-di-AMP (alone or with LPS) elevated the extracellular level of MCP-1. Extracellular VEGF level increased when cells were incubated with LPS and c-di-GMP together, or with c-di-AMP alone. LPS and c-di-AMP suppressed intracellular IL-1β levels. The c-di-AMP elevated intracellular levels of IL-1Ra. CONCLUSION c-di-AMP and, to a lesser extent, c-di-GMP regulate keratinocyte cytokine response, either as an aggregator or as a suppressor of LPS, depending on the cytokine type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ilina P, Ma X, Sintim HO, Tammela P. Miniaturized whole-cell bacterial bioreporter assay for identification of quorum sensing interfering compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:40-45. [PMID: 30300658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The continuing emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is worrisome and new strategies to curb bacterial infections are being sought. The interference of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling has been suggested as a prospective antivirulence strategy. The AI-2 QS system is present in multiple bacterial species and has been shown to be correlated with pathogenicity. To facilitate the discovery of novel compounds interfering with AI-2 QS, we established a high-throughput setup of whole-cell bioreporter assay, which can be performed in either 96- or 384-well format. Agonistic or antagonistic activities of the test compounds against Escherichia coli LsrB-type AI-2 QS system are monitored by measuring the level of β-galactosidase expression. A control strain expressing β-galactosidase in quorum sensing-independent manner is included into the assay for false-positive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Ilina
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaochu Ma
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, United States
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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