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Dou J, Ilina P, Cruz CD, Nurmi D, Vidarte PZ, Rissanen M, Tammela P, Vuorinen T. Willow Bark-Derived Material with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties for Potential Wound Dressing Applications. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:16554-16567. [PMID: 37104679 PMCID: PMC10636761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems contain wood in addition to 10-20% bark, which remains one of the largest underutilized biomasses on earth. Unique macromolecules (like lignin, suberin, pectin, and tannin), extractives, and sclerenchyma fibers form the main part of the bark. Here, we perform detailed investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of bark-derived fiber bundles and discuss their potential application as wound dressing for treatment of infected chronic wounds. We show that the yarns containing at least 50% of willow bark fiber bundles significantly inhibit biofilm formation by wound-isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. We then correlate antibacterial effects of the material to its chemical composition. Lignin plays the major role in antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria [i.e., minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1.25 mg/mL]. Acetone extract (unsaturated fatty acid-enriched) and tannin-like (dicarboxylic acid-enriched) substances inhibit both bacterial planktonic growth [MIC 1 and 3 mg/mL, respectively] and biofilm formation. The yarn lost its antibacterial activity once its surface lignin reached 20.1%, based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The proportion of fiber bundles at the fabricated yarn correlates positively with its surface lignin. Overall, this study paves the way to the use of bark-derived fiber bundles as a natural-based material for active (antibacterial and antibiofilm) wound dressings, upgrading this underappreciated bark residue from an energy source into high-value pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina D. Cruz
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denise Nurmi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paula Zegarra Vidarte
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Rissanen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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Fedorowicz J, Cruz CD, Morawska M, Ciura K, Gilbert-Girard S, Mazur L, Mäkkylä H, Ilina P, Savijoki K, Fallarero A, Tammela P, Sączewski J. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of permanently ionized quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115373. [PMID: 37084595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones was obtained by exhaustive methylation of the amine groups present at the 7-position of fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin, and norfloxacin. The synthesized molecules were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the synthesized compounds are potent antibacterial agents (MIC values at the lowest 6.25 μM) with low cytotoxicity in vitro as assessed on the BALB 3T3 mouse embryo cell line. Further experiments proved that the tested derivatives are able to bind to the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV active sites in a fluoroquinolone-characteristic manner. The most active quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones, in contrast to ciprofloxacin, reduce the total biomass of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 biofilm in post-exposure experiments. The latter effect may be due to the dual mechanism of action of the quaternary fluoroquinolones, which also involves disruption of bacterial cell membranes. IAM-HPLC chromatographic experiments with immobilized artificial membranes (phospholipids) showed that the most active compounds were those with moderate lipophilicity and containing a cyclopropyl group at the N1 nitrogen atom in the fluoroquinolone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fedorowicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cristina D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Małgorzata Morawska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzesimir Ciura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland; QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., 80-172, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Shella Gilbert-Girard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liliana Mazur
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Heidi Mäkkylä
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, FI-33100, Tampere, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarosław Sączewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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Kähärä I, Durandin N, Ilina P, Efimov A, Laaksonen T, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Lisitsyna E. Phototoxicity of BODIPY in long-term imaging can be reduced by intramolecular motion. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1677-1687. [PMID: 35796875 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For long-term live-cell fluorescence imaging and biosensing, it is crucial to work with a dye that has high fluorescence quantum yield and photostability without being detrimental to the cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that neutral boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based molecular rotors have great properties for high-light-dosage demanding live-cell fluorescence imaging applications that require repetitive illuminations. In molecular rotors, an intramolecular rotation (IMR) allows an alternative route for the decay of the singlet excited state (S1) via the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state (CT). The occurrence of IMR reduces the probability of the formation of a triplet state (T1) which could further react with molecular oxygen (3O2) to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, e.g., singlet oxygen (1O2). We demonstrate that the oxygen-related nature of the phototoxicity for BODIPY derivatives can be significantly reduced if a neutral molecular rotor is used as a probe. The studied neutral molecular rotor probe shows remarkably lower phototoxicity when compared with both the non-rotating BODIPY derivative and the cationic BODIPY-based molecular rotor in different light dosages and dye concentrations. It is also evident that the charge and localization of the fluorescent probe are as significant as the IMR in terms of the phototoxicity in a long-term live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Kähärä
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Lisitsyna
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
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Dou J, Ilina P, Hemming J, Malinen K, Mäkkylä H, Oliveira de Farias N, Tammela P, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Räisänen R, Vuorinen T. Effect of Hybrid Type and Harvesting Season on Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Activity of Extracted Metabolites from Salix Bark. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2948-2956. [PMID: 35200036 PMCID: PMC8915259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of different fast-growing Salix hybrids have been developed mainly for energy crops. In this paper, we studied water extracts from the bark of 15 willow hybrids and species as potential antimicrobial additives. Treatment of ground bark in water under mild conditions extracted 12-25% of the dry material. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography is proven here as a fast and highly efficient tool in the small-scale recovery of raffinose from Salix bark crude extracts for structural elucidation. Less than half of the dissolved material was assigned by chromatographic (gas chromatography and liquid chromatography) and spectroscopic (mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) techniques for low-molecular-weight compounds, including mono- and oligosaccharides (sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose) and aromatic phytochemicals (triandrin, catechin, salicin, and picein). The composition of the extracts varied greatly depending on the hybrid or species and the harvesting season. This information generated new scientific knowledge on the variation in the content and composition of the extracts between Salix hybrids and harvesting season depending on the desired molecule. The extracts showed high antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.6-0.8 mg/mL; however, no inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhimurium. MIC of triandrin (i.e., 1.25 mg/mL) is reported for the first time. Although antibacterial triandrin and (+)-catechin were present in extracts, clear correlation between the antibacterial effect and the chemical composition was not established, which indicates that antibacterial activity of the extracts mainly originates from some not yet elucidated substances. Aquatic toxicity and mutagenicity assessments showed the safe usage of Salix water extracts as possible antibacterial additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jarl Hemming
- Johan
Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials
Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Kiia Malinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Heidi Mäkkylä
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Natália Oliveira de Farias
- Laboratory
of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity—LAEG, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
- Laboratory
of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity—LAEG, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Riikka Räisänen
- HELSUS
Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Craft Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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5
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Pylkkö T, Ilina P, Tammela P. Development and validation of a high-content screening assay for inhibitors of enteropathogenic E. coli adhesion. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 184:106201. [PMID: 33713725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes intestinal infections leading to severe diarrhea. EPEC attaches to the host cell causing lesions to the intestinal epithelium coupled with the effacement of microvilli. In the process, actin accumulates into a pedestal-like structure under bacterial microcolonies. We designed an automated fluorescence microscopy-based screening method for discovering compounds capable of inhibiting EPEC adhesion and virulence using aurodox, a type three secretion system (T3SS) inhibitor, as a positive control. The screening assay employs an EPEC strain (2348/69) expressing a fluorescent protein and actin staining for monitoring the bacteria and their pedestals respectively, analyzing these with a custom image analysis pipeline. The assay allows for the discovery of compounds capable of preventing the formation of pathogenic actin rearrangements. These compounds may be interfering with virulence-related molecular pathways relevant for developing antivirulence leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Pylkkö
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Bhat C, Ilina P, Tilli I, Voráčová M, Bruun T, Barba V, Hribernik N, Lillsunde KE, Mäki-Lohiluoma E, Rüffer T, Lang H, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kiuru P, Tammela P. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Marine Bromotyrosine Purpurealidin I and Its Derivatives. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E481. [PMID: 30513862 PMCID: PMC6316490 DOI: 10.3390/md16120481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the marine bromotyrosine purpurealidin I (1) using trifluoroacetoxy protection group and its dimethylated analog (29) is reported along with 16 simplified bromotyrosine derivatives lacking the tyramine moiety. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated against the human malignant melanoma cell line (A-375) and normal skin fibroblast cells (Hs27) together with 33 purpurealidin-inspired simplified amides, and the structure⁻activity relationships were investigated. The synthesized simplified analogs without the tyramine part retained the cytotoxic activity. Purpurealidin I (1) showed no selectivity but its simplified pyridin-2-yl derivative (36) had the best improvement in selectivity (Selectivity index 4.1). This shows that the marine bromotyrosines are promising scaffolds for developing cytotoxic agents and the full understanding of the elements of their SAR and improving the selectivity requires further optimization of simplified bromotyrosine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Bhat
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Irene Tilli
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Manuela Voráčová
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tanja Bruun
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Victoria Barba
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nives Hribernik
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katja-Emilia Lillsunde
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Mäki-Lohiluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paula Kiuru
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E (P.O. Box 56), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Ilina P, Ma X, Sintim HO, Tammela P. Miniaturized whole-cell bacterial bioreporter assay for identification of quorum sensing interfering compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:40-45. [PMID: 30300658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The continuing emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is worrisome and new strategies to curb bacterial infections are being sought. The interference of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling has been suggested as a prospective antivirulence strategy. The AI-2 QS system is present in multiple bacterial species and has been shown to be correlated with pathogenicity. To facilitate the discovery of novel compounds interfering with AI-2 QS, we established a high-throughput setup of whole-cell bioreporter assay, which can be performed in either 96- or 384-well format. Agonistic or antagonistic activities of the test compounds against Escherichia coli LsrB-type AI-2 QS system are monitored by measuring the level of β-galactosidase expression. A control strain expressing β-galactosidase in quorum sensing-independent manner is included into the assay for false-positive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Ilina
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaochu Ma
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, United States
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Borke T, Najberg M, Ilina P, Bhattacharya M, Urtti A, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Hyaluronic Acid Graft Copolymers with Cleavable Arms as Potential Intravitreal Drug Delivery Vehicles. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Borke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Mathie Najberg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
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9
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Ilina P, Partti S, Niklander J, Ruponen M, Lou YR, Yliperttula M. Effect of differentiation on endocytic profiles of endothelial and epithelial cell culture models. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Ilina P, Hyvonen Z, Saura M, Sandvig K, Yliperttula M, Ruponen M. Genetic blockage of endocytic pathways reveals differences in the intracellular processing of non-viral gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2012; 163:385-95. [PMID: 23041276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the uptake mechanisms and intracellular processing of nonviral gene delivery systems will allow design of more effective carriers. This work gets insight into the intracellular kinetics of pDNA delivered by polyethyleneimine (PEI), cationic lipid DOTAP and calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates. Amount of cell- and nuclear-associated pDNA was quantified by qRT-PCR at multiple time points after transfection. Moreover, the impact of specific endocytic pathways on the cell entry and intracellular kinetics of pDNA was studied by inhibition (blockage) of either clathrin- or dynamin-mediated endocytosis by using both genetically manipulated cell lines and chemical inhibitors of endocytosis. Quantitative analysis of defined kinetic parameters revealed that neither cellular nor nuclear uptake of pDNA correlated with transgene expression, emphasizing the importance of the post-nuclear processes in overall transfection efficacy. Changes in transgene expression observed upon blockage of endocytosis was carrier dependent and correlated relatively well with the changes at the cellular and nuclear uptake levels but not with the amount of cell-associated pDNA. Due to low specificity of chemical inhibitors and activation of alternative endocytosis pathways after genetic blockage of endocytosis neither of these methods is optimal for studying the role of endocytosis. Therefore, one should be careful when interpreting the obtained results from such studies and not to trust the data obtained only from one method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Ilina
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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