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Salvarese N, Spolaore B, Marangoni S, Pasin A, Galenda A, Tamburini S, Cicoria G, Refosco F, Bolzati C. Transglutaminase-mediated conjugation and nitride-technetium-99m labelling of a bis(thiosemicarbazone) bifunctional chelator. J Inorg Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29529469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An assessment study involving the use of the transglutaminase (TGase) conjugation method and the nitride-technetium-99m labelling on a bis(thiosemicarbazone) (BTS) bifunctional chelating agent is presented. The previously described chelator diacetyl-2-(N4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-(N4-amino-3-thiosemicarbazone), H2ATSM/A, has been functionalized with 6-aminohexanoic acid (ε-Ahx) to generate the bifunctional chelating agent diacetyl-2-(N4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-[N4-(amino)-(6-aminohexanoic acid)-3-thiosemicarbazone], H2ATSM/A-ε-Ahx (1), suitable for conjugation to glutamine (Gln) residues of bioactive molecules via TGase. The feasibility of the TGase reaction in the synthesis of a bioconjugate derivative was investigated using Substance P (SP) as model peptide. Compounds 1 and H2ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP (2) were labelled with nitride-technetium-99m, obtaining the complexes [99mTc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx)] (99mTc1) and [99mTc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP)] (99mTc2). The chemical identity of 99mTc1 and 99mTc2 was confirmed by radio/UV-RP-HPLC combined with ESI-MS analysis on the respective carrier-added products 99g/99mTc1 and 99g/99mTc2. The stability of the radiolabelled complexes after incubation in various environments was investigated. All the results were compared with those obtained for the corresponding 64Cu-analogues, 64Cu1 and 64Cu2. The TGase reaction allows the conjugation of 1 with the peptide, but it is not highly efficient due to instability of the chelator in the required conditions. The SP-conjugated complexes are unstable in mouse and human sera. However, indeed the BTS system can be exploited as nitride-technetium-99m chelator for highly efficient technetium labelling, thus making compound 1 worthy of further investigations for new targeted technetium and copper radiopharmaceuticals encompassing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Salvarese
- ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padua, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Barbara Spolaore
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Selena Marangoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pasin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Cicoria
- Medical Physics Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bolzati
- ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padua, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Zhu Z, Desaire H. Carbohydrates on Proteins: Site-Specific Glycosylation Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:463-483. [PMID: 26070719 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation on proteins adds complexity and versatility to these biologically vital macromolecules. To unveil the structure-function relationship of glycoproteins, glycopeptide-centric analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) has become a method of choice because the glycan is preserved on the glycosylation site and site-specific glycosylation profiles of proteins can be readily determined. However, glycopeptide analysis is still challenging given that glycopeptides are usually low in abundance and relatively difficult to detect and the resulting data require expertise to analyze. Viewing the urgent need to address these challenges, emerging methods and techniques are being developed with the goal of analyzing glycopeptides in a sensitive, comprehensive, and high-throughput manner. In this review, we discuss recent advances in glycoprotein and glycopeptide analysis, with topics covering sample preparation, analytical separation, MS and tandem MS techniques, as well as data interpretation and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhu
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047;
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Thomson-Medaille: C. V. Robinson und R. Zenobi / SGMS-Preis: Y. O. Tsybin / Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: G. Erker / Theodor-Förster-Gedächtnisvorlesung: B. L. Feringa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thomson Medal: C. V. Robinson and R. Zenobi / SGMS Award: Y. O. Tsybin / Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany: G. Erker / Theodor Förster Memorial Lecture: B. L. Feringa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koolen HHF, Gomes AF, Schwab NV, Eberlin MN, Gozzo FC. Imidate-based cross-linkers for structural proteomics: increased charge of protein and peptide ions and CID and ECD fragmentation studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1181-1191. [PMID: 24781457 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking is an attractive low-resolution technique for structural studies of protein complexes. Distance constraints obtained from cross-linked peptides identified by mass spectrometry (MS) are used to construct and validate protein models. Amidinating cross-linkers such as diethyl suberthioimidate (DEST) have been used successfully in chemical cross-linking experiments. In this work, the application of a commercial diimidate cross-linking reagent, dimethyl suberimidate (DMS), was evaluated with model peptides and proteins. The peptides were designed with acetylated N-termini followed by random sequences containing two Lys residues separated by an Arg residue. After cross-linking reactions, intra- and intermolecular cross-linked species were submitted to CID and ECD dissociations to study their fragmentation features in the gas phase. Fragmentation of intramolecular peptides by collision induced dissociation (CID) demonstrates a unique two-step fragmentation pathway involving formation of a ketimine as intermediate. Electron capture and electron transfer dissociation (ECD and ETD) experiments demonstrated that the cyclic moiety is not dissociated. Intermolecular species demonstrated previously described fragmentation behavior in both CID and ECD experiments. The charge state distributions (CSD) obtained after reaction with DMS were compared with those obtained with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS). CSDs for peptides and proteins were increased after their reaction with DMS, owing to the higher basicity of DMS modified species. These features were also observed in LC-MS experiments with bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA) after cross-linking with DMS and tryptic proteolysis. Cross-linked peptides derived from this protein were identified at high confidence and those species were in agreement with the crystal structure of BCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H F Koolen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
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Iwai K, Shibukawa Y, Yamazaki N, Wada Y. Transglutaminase 2-dependent deamidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promotes trophoblastic cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4989-99. [PMID: 24375405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional protein as well as a classic glycolytic enzyme, and its pleiotropic functions are achieved by various post-translational modifications and the resulting translocations to intracellular compartments. In the present study, GAPDH in the plasma membrane of BeWo choriocarcinoma cells displayed a striking acidic shift in two-dimensional electrophoresis after cell-cell fusion induction by forskolin. This post-translational modification was deamidation of multiple glutaminyl residues, as determined by molecular mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry of acidic GAPDH isoforms. Transglutaminase (TG) inhibitors prevented this acidic shift and reduced cell fusion. Knockdown of the TG2 gene by short hairpin RNA reproduced these effects of TG inhibitors. Various GAPDH mutants with replacement of different numbers (one to seven) of Gln by Glu were expressed in BeWo cells. These deamidated mutants reversed the suppressive effect of wild-type GAPDH overexpression on cell fusion. Interestingly, the mutants accumulated in the plasma membrane, and this accumulation was increased according to the number of Gln/Glu substitutions. Considering that GAPDH binds F-actin via an electrostatic interaction and that the cytoskeleton is rearranged in trophoblastic cell fusion, TG2-dependent GAPDH deamidation was suggested to participate in actin cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Iwai
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan and
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Frese CK, Boender AJ, Mohammed S, Heck AJR, Adan RAH, Altelaar AFM. Profiling of diet-induced neuropeptide changes in rat brain by quantitative mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4594-604. [PMID: 23581470 DOI: 10.1021/ac400232y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are intercellular signal transmitters that play key roles in modulation of many behavioral and physiological processes. Neuropeptide signaling in several nuclei in the hypothalamus contributes to the control of food intake. Additionally, food intake regulation involves neuropeptide signaling in the reward circuitry in the striatum. Here, we analyze neuropeptides extracted from hypothalamus and striatum from rats in four differentially treated dietary groups including a high-fat/high-sucrose diet, mimicking diet-induced obesity. We employ high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry using higher-energy collision dissociation and electron transfer dissociation fragmentation for sensitive identification of more than 1700 unique endogenous peptides, including virtually all key neuropeptides known to be involved in food intake regulation. Label-free quantification of differential neuropeptide expression revealed comparable upregulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in rats that were fed on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Frese
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Castangia R, Austeri M, Flitsch SL. Enzymatic Amine Acyl Exchange in Peptides on Gold Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13016-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Castangia R, Austeri M, Flitsch SL. Enzymatischer Amin-Acyl-Austausch in Peptiden auf Gold-Oberflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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van Agthoven MA, Chiron L, Coutouly MA, Delsuc MA, Rolando C. Two-dimensional ECD FT-ICR mass spectrometry of peptides and glycopeptides. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5589-95. [PMID: 22762261 DOI: 10.1021/ac3004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2D FT-ICR MS allows the correlation between precursor and fragment ions by modulating ion cyclotron radii for fragmentation modes with radius-dependent efficiency in the ICR cell without the need for prior ion isolation. This technique has been successfully applied to ion-molecule reactions, Collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation. In this study, we used electron capture dissociation for 2D FT-ICR MS for the first time, and we recorded two-dimensional mass spectra of peptides and a mixture of glycopeptides that showed fragments that are characteristic of ECD for each of the precursor ions in the sample. We compare the sequence coverage obtained with 2D ECD FT-ICR MS with the sequence coverage obtained with ECD MS/MS and compare the sensitivities of both techniques. We demonstrate how 2D ECD FT-ICR MS can be implemented to identify peptides and glycopeptides for proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A van Agthoven
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Nurminskaya MV, Belkin AM. Cellular functions of tissue transglutaminase. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 294:1-97. [PMID: 22364871 PMCID: PMC3746560 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394305-7.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2 or tissue transglutaminase) is a highly complex multifunctional protein that acts as transglutaminase, GTPase/ATPase, protein disulfide isomerase, and protein kinase. Moreover, TG2 has many well-documented nonenzymatic functions that are based on its noncovalent interactions with multiple cellular proteins. A vast array of biochemical activities of TG2 accounts for its involvement in a variety of cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, growth, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and extracellular matrix organization. In turn, the impact of TG2 on these processes implicates this protein in various physiological responses and pathological states, contributing to wound healing, inflammation, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, vascular remodeling, tumor growth and metastasis, and tissue fibrosis. TG2 is ubiquitously expressed and is particularly abundant in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, monocytes/macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. The protein is localized in multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria, endolysosomes, plasma membrane, and cell surface and extracellular matrix, where Ca(2+), nucleotides, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, membrane lipids, and distinct protein-protein interactions in the local microenvironment jointly regulate its activities. In this review, we discuss the complex biochemical activities and molecular interactions of TG2 in the context of diverse subcellular compartments and evaluate its wide ranging and cell type-specific biological functions and their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Nurminskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Schmid AW, Condemi E, Tuchscherer G, Chiappe D, Mutter M, Vogel H, Moniatte M, Tsybin YO. Tissue transglutaminase-mediated glutamine deamidation of beta-amyloid peptide increases peptide solubility, whereas enzymatic cross-linking and peptide fragmentation may serve as molecular triggers for rapid peptide aggregation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12172-88. [PMID: 21300794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.176149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TGase) has been implicated in a number of cellular processes and disease states, where the enzymatic actions of TGase may serve in both, cell survival and apoptosis. To date, the precise functional properties of TGase in cell survival or cell death mechanisms still remain elusive. TGase-mediated cross-linking has been reported to account for the formation of insoluble lesions in conformational diseases. We report here that TGase induces intramolecular cross-linking of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), resulting in structural changes of monomeric Aβ. Using high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) of cross-linked Aβ peptides, we observed a shift in mass, which is, presumably associated with the loss of NH3 due to enzymatic transamidation activity and hence intramolecular peptide cross-linking. We have observed that a large population of Aβ monomers contained an 0.984 Da increase in mass at a glutamine residue, indicating that glutamine 15 serves as an indispensable substrate in TGase-mediated deamidation to glutamate 15. We provide strong analytical evidence on TGase-mediated Aβ peptide dimerization, through covalent intermolecular cross-linking and hence the formation of Aβ1-40 dimers. Our in depth analyses indicate that TGase-induced post-translational modifications of Aβ peptide may serve as an important seed for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien W Schmid
- Proteomics Core Facility, AI 0151, Station 15, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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