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Tsukamoto H, Ito K, Ueno T, Shiraishi M, Kondo Y, Doi T. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Anti-Selective Addition-Cyclizations of Alkynyl Electrophiles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203068. [PMID: 36333971 PMCID: PMC10108115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(0)/monophosphine complexes catalyze anti-selective alkylative, arylative, and alkynylative cyclizations of alkynyl electrophiles with organometallic reagents. The remarkable anti-selectivity results from novel oxidative addition, that is, the nucleophilic attack of electron-rich palladium(0) on the electrophile across the alkyne followed by transmetalation and reductive elimination ("anti-Wacker"-type cyclization). With regard to 5-alkynals, triphenylphosphine (PPh3 )-ligated palladium(0) catalyzes the cyclization of terminal alkynes and conjugated alkenyl- or alkynyl-substituted ones to afford 2-cyclohexen-1-ol and 2-alkylidene-cyclopentanol derivatives, respectively. For 6-alkyl- or 6-aryl-5-alkynals, the cyclization does not proceed with the palladium/PPh3 catalyst; however, it does proceed with palladium/tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3 ), to yield the former products predominantly. Remarkably, the latter catalyst completely switches the regioselectivity in the cyclization of the conjugated diyne-aldehydes. Notably, palladium/PPh3 -catalyzed cyclizations also proceed with other organometallics or even without them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesYokohama University of Pharmacy 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-kuYokohama245-0066Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
| | - Kazuya Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
| | - Mitsugu Shiraishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan
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2
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Ortiz E, Shezaf J, Chang YH, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Convergent Construction of Allylic Alcohols and Amines. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8164-8174. [PMID: 37082110 PMCID: PMC10112658 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of alkynes as vinylmetal pronucleophiles in intermolecular enantioselective metal-catalyzed carbonyl and imine reductive couplings to form allylic alcohols and amines is surveyed. Related hydrogen auto-transfer processes, wherein alcohols or amines serve dually as reductants and carbonyl or imine proelectrophiles, also are cataloged, as are applications in target-oriented synthesis. These processes represent an emerging alternative to the use of stoichiometric vinylmetal reagents or Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reactions in carbonyl and imine alkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jonathan Shezaf
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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3
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Meyer CC, Ortiz E, Krische MJ. Catalytic Reductive Aldol and Mannich Reactions of Enone, Acrylate, and Vinyl Heteroaromatic Pronucleophiles. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3721-3748. [PMID: 32191438 PMCID: PMC7904107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic reductive coupling of enone, acrylate, or vinyl heteroaromatic pronucleophiles with carbonyl or imine partners offers an alternative to base-mediated enolization in aldol- and Mannich-type reactions. In this review, direct catalytic reductive aldol and Mannich reactions are exhaustively catalogued on the basis of metal or organocatalyst. Stepwise processes involving enone conjugate reduction to form discrete enol or (metallo)enolate derivatives followed by introduction of carbonyl or imine electrophiles and aldol reactions initiated via enone conjugate addition are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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4
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Ambler BR, Woo SK, Krische MJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Carbonyl Propargylation Beyond Preformed Carbanions: Reductive Coupling and Hydrogen Auto-Transfer. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:324-332. [PMID: 31588251 PMCID: PMC6777576 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral metal complexes catalyze enantioselective carbonyl propargylation via reductive coupling or as hydrogen auto-transfer processes, in which reactant alcohols serve dually as reductant and carbonyl proelectrophile. Unlike classical propargylation protocols, which rely on allenylmetal reagents or metallic reductants (e.g. NHK reactions), reductive protocols for carbonyl propargylation can occur in the absence of stoichiometric metals, precluding generation of metallic byproducts. Propargylations of this type exploit both enyne and propargyl halide pronucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Ambler
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sang Kook Woo
- University of Ulsan, Department of Chemistry, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Holmes M, Schwartz LA, Krische MJ. Intermolecular Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Dienes, Allenes, and Enynes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6026-6052. [PMID: 29897740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling has emerged as an alternative to the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents in an increasingly diverse range of carbonyl and imine additions. In this review, the use of diene, allene, and enyne pronucleophiles in intermolecular carbonyl and imine reductive couplings are surveyed, along with related hydrogen autotransfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Leyah A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Welch Hall A5300, 105 East 24th Street , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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Lam YH, Grayson MN, Holland MC, Simon A, Houk KN. Theory and Modeling of Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:750-62. [PMID: 26967569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern density functional theory and powerful contemporary computers have made it possible to explore complex reactions of value in organic synthesis. We describe recent explorations of mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivities with density functional theory calculations. The specific functionals and basis sets that are routinely used in computational studies of stereoselectivities of organic and organometallic reactions in our group are described, followed by our recent studies that uncovered the origins of stereocontrol in reactions catalyzed by (1) vicinal diamines, including cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amines, (2) vicinal amidophosphines, and (3) organo-transition-metal complexes. Two common cyclic models account for the stereoselectivity of aldol reactions of metal enolates (Zimmerman-Traxler) or those catalyzed by the organocatalyst proline (Houk-List). Three other models were derived from computational studies described in this Account. Cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amines and other vicinal diamines are venerable asymmetric organocatalysts. For α-fluorinations and a variety of aldol reactions, vicinal diamines form enamines at one terminal amine and activate electrophilically with NH(+) or NF(+) at the other. We found that the stereocontrolling transition states are cyclic and that their conformational preferences are responsible for the observed stereoselectivity. In fluorinations, the chair seven-membered cyclic transition states is highly favored, just as the Zimmerman-Traxler chair six-membered aldol transition state controls stereoselectivity. In aldol reactions with vicinal diamine catalysts, the crown transition states are favored, both in the prototype and in an experimental example, shown in the graphic. We found that low-energy conformations of cyclic transition states occur and control stereoselectivities in these reactions. Another class of bifunctional organocatalysts, the vicinal amidophosphines, catalyzes the (3 + 2) annulation reaction of allenes with activated olefins. Stereocontrol here is due to an intermolecular hydrogen bond that activates the electrophilic partner in this reaction. We have also studied complex organometallic catalysts. Krische's ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrohydroxyalkylation of butadiene involves two chiral ligands at Ru, a chiral diphosphine and a chiral phosphate. The size of this combination strains the limits of modern computations with over 160 atoms, multiple significant steps, and a variety of ligand coordinations and conformations possible. We found that carbon-carbon bond formation occurs via a chair Zimmerman-Traxler-type transition structure and that a formyl CH···O hydrogen bond from aldehyde CH to phosphate oxygen, as well as steric interactions of the two chiral ligands, control the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Mareike C. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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7
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Jackson EP, Malik HA, Sormunen GJ, Baxter RD, Liu P, Wang H, Shareef AR, Montgomery J. Mechanistic Basis for Regioselection and Regiodivergence in Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1736-45. [PMID: 25965694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The control of regiochemistry is a considerable challenge in the development of a wide array of catalytic processes. Simple π-components such as alkenes, alkynes, 1,3-dienes, and allenes are among the many classes of substrates that present complexities in regioselective catalysis. Considering an internal alkyne as a representative example, when steric and electronic differences between the two substituents are minimal, differentiating among the two termini of the alkyne presents a great challenge. In cases where the differences between the alkyne substituents are substantial, overcoming those biases to access the regioisomer opposite that favored by substrate biases often presents an even greater challenge. Nickel-catalyzed reductive couplings of unsymmetrical π-components make up a group of reactions where control of regiochemistry presents a challenging but important objective. In the course of our studies of aldehyde-alkyne reductive couplings, complementary solutions to challenges in regiocontrol have been developed. Through careful selection of the ligand and reductant, as well as the more subtle reaction variables such as temperature and concentration, effective protocols have been established that allow highly selective access to either regiosiomer of the allylic alcohol products using a wide range of unsymmetrical alkynes. Computational studies and an evaluation of reaction kinetics have provided an understanding of the origin of the regioselectivity control. Throughout the various procedures described, the development of ligand-substrate interactions plays an essential role, and the overall kinetic descriptions were found to differ between protocols. Rational alteration of the rate-determining step plays a key role in the regiochemistry reversal strategy, and in one instance, the two possible regioisomeric outcomes in a single reaction were found to operate by different kinetic descriptions. With this mechanistic information in hand, the empirical factors that influence regiochemistry can be readily understood, and more importantly, the insights suggest simple and predictable experimental variables to achieving a desired reaction outcome. These studies thus present a detailed picture of the influences that control regioselectivity in a specific catalytic reaction, but they also delineate strategies for regiocontrol that may extend to numerous classes of reactions. The work provides an illustration of how insights into the kinetics and mechanism of a catalytic process can rationalize subtle empirical findings and suggest simple and rational modifications in procedure to access a desirable reaction outcome. Furthermore, these studies present an illustration of how important challenges in organic synthesis can be met by novel reactivity afforded by base metal catalysis. The use of nickel catalysis in this instance not only provides an inexpensive and sustainable method for catalysis but also enables unique reactivity patterns not accessible to other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Hasnain A. Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Grant J. Sormunen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Ryan D. Baxter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Abdur-Rafay Shareef
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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8
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vom Stein T, den Hartog T, Buendia J, Stoychev S, Mottweiler J, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Leitner W. Ruthenium-Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage in Lignin Model Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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vom Stein T, den Hartog T, Buendia J, Stoychev S, Mottweiler J, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Leitner W. Ruthenium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage in lignin model substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5859-63. [PMID: 25809138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-triphos complexes exhibited unprecedented catalytic activity and selectivity in the redox-neutral C-C bond cleavage of the β-O-4 lignin linkage of 1,3-dilignol model compounds. A mechanistic pathway involving a dehydrogenation-initiated retro-aldol reaction for the C-C bond cleavage was proposed in line with experimental data and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten vom Stein
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany) www.itmc.rwth-aachen.de
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10
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Jackson EP, Montgomery J. Regiocontrol in catalytic reductive couplings through alterations of silane rate dependence. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:958-63. [PMID: 25531576 PMCID: PMC4356119 DOI: 10.1021/ja511778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Combinations of ligand, reducing
agent, and reaction conditions
have been identified that allow alteration in the rate- and regioselectivity-determining
step of nickel-catalyzed aldehyde–alkyne reductive couplings.
Whereas previously developed protocols involve metallacycle-forming
oxidative cyclization as the rate-determining step, this study illustrates
that the combination of large ligands, large silanes, and elevated
reaction temperature alters the rate- and regiochemistry-determining
step for one of the two possible product regioisomers. These modifications
render metallacycle formation reversible for the minor isomer pathway,
and σ-bond metathesis of the metallacycle Ni–O bond with
the silane reductant becomes rate limiting. The ability to tune regiocontrol
via this alteration in reversibility of a key step allows highly regioselective
outcomes that were not possible using previously developed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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11
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Haynes MT, Liu P, Baxter RD, Nett AJ, Houk KN, Montgomery J. Dimer involvement and origin of crossover in nickel-catalyzed aldehyde-alkyne reductive couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17495-504. [PMID: 25401337 PMCID: PMC4277774 DOI: 10.1021/ja508909u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of nickel(0)-catalyzed reductive coupling of aldehydes and alkynes has been studied. Extensive double-labeling crossover studies have been conducted. While previous studies illustrated that phosphine- and N-heterocyclic carbene-derived catalysts exhibited differing behavior, the origin of these effects has now been evaluated in detail. Many variables, including ligand class, sterics of the ligand and alkyne, temperature, and ring size being formed in intramolecular versions, all influence the extent of crossover observed. A computational evaluation of these effects suggests that dimerization of a key metallacyclic intermediate provides the origin of crossover. Protocols that proceed with crossover are typically less efficient than those without crossover given the thermodynamic stability and low reactivity of the dimeric metallacycles involved in crossover pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Taylor Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ryan D. Baxter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Alex J. Nett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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12
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Dechert-Schmitt AMR, Schmitt DC, Gao X, Itoh T, Krische MJ. Polyketide construction via hydrohydroxyalkylation and related alcohol C-H functionalizations: reinventing the chemistry of carbonyl addition. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:504-13. [PMID: 24514754 PMCID: PMC3954971 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the longstanding importance of polyketide natural products in human medicine, nearly all commercial polyketide-based drugs are prepared through fermentation or semi-synthesis. The paucity of manufacturing routes involving de novo chemical synthesis reflects the inability of current methods to concisely address the preparation of these complex structures. Direct alcohol C-H bond functionalization via"C-C bond forming transfer hydrogenation" provides a powerful, new means of constructing type I polyketides that bypasses stoichiometric use of chiral auxiliaries, premetallated C-nucleophiles, and discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox reactions. Using this emergent technology, total syntheses of 6-deoxyerythronolide B, bryostatin 7, trienomycins A and F, cyanolide A, roxaticin, and formal syntheses of rifamycin S and scytophycin C, were accomplished. These syntheses represent the most concise routes reported to any member of the respective natural product families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie R Dechert-Schmitt
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 105 E 24th St., Welch Hall A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1165, USA.
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Huang G, Kalek M, Himo F. Mechanism and Selectivity of Rhodium-Catalyzed 1:2 Coupling of Aldehydes and Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7647-59. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4014166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genping Huang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcin Kalek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Jiang YY, Yu HZ, Fu Y. Mechanistic Study of Borylation of Nitriles Catalyzed by Rh–B and Ir–B Complexes via C–CN Bond Activation. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301263s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
230026, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- School of
Chemistry and Biological
Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
230026, China
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15
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Synthesis of 8-aryl substituted benzo[a]phenanthridine derivatives by consecutive three component tandem reaction and 6-endo carbocyclization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Sun Z, Liu YD, Zhong RG. Reactions of amine and peroxynitrite: evidence for hydroxylation as predominant reaction and new insight into the modulation of CO2. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8058-66. [PMID: 22770388 DOI: 10.1021/jp304290r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is related to numerous diseases including cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. In order to expand the understanding for the toxicology of peroxynitrite in biological system, the reactions of amine (morpholine as a probe) with peroxynitrite and the modulation of CO2 were investigated by using DFT methods. The results strongly indicate that the hydroxylation of amine by peroxynitrous acid ONOOH, which was previously overlooked by most studies, is predominant relative to the widely reported nitration and nitrosation in the absence of CO2. The product N-hydroxylamine is proposed to be mainly generated via nonradical pathway (two-electron oxidation). The modulation of CO2 exhibits two main functions: (1) inhibition of hydroxylation due to the promoted consumption of peroxynitrite via fast reaction of CO2 with ONOO¯ to form ONOOCO2¯; (2) dual effect (catalysis and inhibition) of CO2 toward nitration and nitrosation. As a new insight, amine does react with CO2 and produce inert amine carbamate R2NCOO¯. This reaction has the potential to compete with the reaction of CO2 and ONOO¯, which leads to inhibition of nitration and nitrosation. The concentration of CO2 could be a critical factor determining the final effect, catalysis or inhibition. As a new finding, HCO3¯ is probably an effective catalyst for the reaction of amine and CO2. Moreover, further studies on how the different types of the amine might affect the outcome of the reactions would be an interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sun
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124, P. R. China
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17
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Rajeshkumar V, Chuang SC. Evolution of Late Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Coupling Reaction of [60]Fullerene and N-Sulfonylaldimines: Competing Formation of Hydrobenzylated [60]Fullerenes and 1,2-Dihydrofullerene. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of diverse π-unsaturated reactants in the presence of aldehydes provides products of carbonyl addition. Dehydrogenation of primary alcohols in the presence of the same π-unsaturated reactants provides identical products of carbonyl addition. In this way, carbonyl addition is achieved from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level in the absence of stoichiometric organometallic reagents or metallic reductants. In this account, the discovery of ruthenium-catalyzed C-C bond-forming transfer hydrogenations and the recent development of diastereo- and enantioselective variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167, USA
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Li H, Wang ZX. Computational Mechanistic Study of C–C Coupling of Methanol and Allenes Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
People’s Republic of China
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20
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Leung JC, Krische MJ. Catalytic intermolecular hydroacylation of C–C π-bonds in the absence of chelation assistance. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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21
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Leung JC, Patman RL, Sam B, Krische MJ. Alkyne-aldehyde reductive C-C coupling through ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation: direct regio- and stereoselective carbonyl vinylation to form trisubstituted allylic alcohols in the absence of premetallated reagents. Chemistry 2011; 17:12437-43. [PMID: 21953608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonsymmetric 1,2-disubstituted alkynes engage in reductive coupling to a variety of aldehydes under the conditions of ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation by employing formic acid as the terminal reductant and delivering the products of carbonyl vinylation with good to excellent levels of regioselectivity and with complete control of olefin stereochemistry. As revealed in an assessment of the ruthenium counterion, iodide plays an essential role in directing the regioselectivity of C-C bond formation. Isotopic labeling studies corroborate reversible catalytic propargyl C-H oxidative addition in advance of the C-C coupling, and demonstrate that the C-C coupling products do not experience reversible dehydrogenation by way of enone intermediates. This transfer hydrogenation protocol enables carbonyl vinylation in the absence of stoichiometric metallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Leung
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1167, USA
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22
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Liu P, Montgomery J, Houk KN. Ligand steric contours to understand the effects of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands on the reversal of regioselectivity in Ni-catalyzed reductive couplings of alkynes and aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6956-9. [PMID: 21506540 PMCID: PMC3128454 DOI: 10.1021/ja202007s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The regioselectivities of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in Ni-catalyzed alkyne-aldehyde reductive coupling reactions with silane reducing agents are investigated using density functional theory. Reversal of regioselectivity can be achieved by varying the steric bulkiness of the ligand. The steric influences of NHC ligands are highly anisotropic. Regioselectivity is primarily controlled by the steric hindrance at the region of the ligand close to the alkyne. Analysis of 2D contour maps of the NHC ligands indicates that the regioselectivities are directly affected by the shape and orientation of the N-substituents on the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
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Theoretical studies of regioselectivity of Ni- and Rh-catalyzed C–C bond forming reactions with unsymmetrical alkynes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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