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Wickemeyer L, Hartmann L, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si-O-P and Al-O-P Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202842. [PMID: 36349870 PMCID: PMC10107522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The new oxygen-bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but-3-en-2-one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=-CH(SiMe3 )2 ) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2-addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but-3-en-2-one 2 forms the 1,2-addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4-position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert-butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2 P(H)-O-AlBis2 (CCPh) and the FLP -C≡C 1,2-addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lukas Hartmann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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2
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Wickemeyer L, Trapp PC, Aders N, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Reactivity of Oxygen-Bridged Geminal Al/P and Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pairs towards Heterocumulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203685. [PMID: 36734185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The two oxygen-bridged geminal frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=CH(SiMe3 )2 ; 1) and tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) were reacted with the heterocumulenes PhNCO, PhOCN, PhNCS, CS2 and PhNSO as well as SO2 . With isocyanate and cyanate, both 1 and 2, form addition products under formation of five-membered rings. With CS2 , isothiocyanate and sulfinylaniline, only 1 forms stable adducts, whereas 2 shows reactivity towards sulfinylaniline, but the product decomposed after a few minutes. The reaction of 1 with SO2 led to partial cleavage of the P-O-Al and Al-C units, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies of a complex aggregate. The reaction of 2 with SO2 affords the 1,2-addition product. All adducts were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and CHN analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Musgrave Iii CB, Prokofjevs A, Goddard Iii WA. Phosphine Modulation for Enhanced CO 2 Capture: Quantum Mechanics Predictions of New Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11183-11190. [PMID: 36445256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to develop efficient CO2 capture and activation technologies to combat the rising levels of deleterious greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using Quantum Mechanics methods (Density Functional Theory), we propose and evaluate several metal-free and metal-containing phosphines that provide strong CO2 binding under ambient conditions. Depending on the electron donating capacity of the phosphine and the ability of the P-bound ligands to hydrogen bond to the CO2, we find that the CO2 binding can be as strong as -18.6 kcal/mol downhill, which should be quite adequate for ambient conditions. We explore some modifications of the phosphine to improve CO2 binding, and we elucidate which chemical descriptors correlate directly with CO2 binding energy. Specifically, we find that charge accumulation on the CO2 unit of the CO2-bound adduct has the greatest correlation with CO2 binding affinity. Finally, we probe the mechanism for CO2 reduction to CO and methanol in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Musgrave Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina27411, United States
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
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4
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Federmann P, Müller R, Beckmann F, Lau C, Cula B, Kaupp M, Limberg C. Synthesis of Intramolecular P/Al‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs via Aluminum‐Tin‐Exchange and their Reactivity toward CO
2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200404. [PMID: 35213074 PMCID: PMC9314872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) composed of acidic alane and basic phosphane functions, separated by a xanthene linker, can be prepared through the corresponding Me3Sn derivative and methyl aluminum compounds with elimination of Me4Sn. This way MeClAl‐, Cl2Al‐ and (C6F5)2Al‐ moieties could be introduced and the resulting FLPs are stabilized by a further equivalent of the alane precursors. In contact with the FLPs CO2 is bound via the C atom at the phosphane functions and the two O atoms at the Al centers. The residues at the latter determine the binding strength. Hence, in case of MeClAl CO2 capture occurs at higher pressure and under ambient conditions CO2 is released again, while for Cl2Al and (C6F5)2Al CO2 binding becomes irreversible. The results of DFT calculations rationalize these findings by the high thermodynamic stabilization in case of more electronegative residues, which concomitantly lead to higher barriers, and in case of (C6F5)2Al further stabilization is achieved through a low reorganization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Fabian Beckmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Caroline Lau
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
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5
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Chen J, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Selective Reduction of CO2 to CH4 by Tandem Hydrosilylation with Mixed Al/B Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5321-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa
Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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7
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Pu M, Privalov T. Chemistry of Intermolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Motion: Emerging Perspectives and Prospects. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Murphy LJ, Robertson KN, Kemp RA, Tuononen HM, Clyburne JAC. Structurally simple complexes of CO2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3942-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of structurally characterized adducts of CO2are discussed in this review, from the strongly bound, charge assisted carbamate complexes through the weaker halide and pseudo-halide complexes to the weakest possible inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Murphy
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
| | - Katherine N. Robertson
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
| | - Richard A. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
| | | | - Jason A. C. Clyburne
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
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9
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Fujiwara K, Yasuda S, Mizuta T. Reduction of CO2 to Trimethoxyboroxine with BH3 in THF. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5008488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujiwara
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Yasuda
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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10
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Pu M, Privalov T. How Frustrated Lewis Acid/Base Systems Pass through Transition-State Regions: H2Cleavage by [tBu3P/B(C6F5)3]. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2936-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Pu M, Privalov T. Uncovering the role of intra- and intermolecular motion in frustrated Lewis acid/base chemistry: ab initio molecular dynamics study of CO2 binding by phosphorus/boron frustrated Lewis pair [tBu3P/B(C6F5)3]. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4598-609. [PMID: 24735335 DOI: 10.1021/ic500284q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intra- and intermolecular motion, i.e., molecular vibrations and the relative motion of reactants, remains largely unexplored in the frustrated Lewis acid/base chemistry. Here, we address the issue with the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) study of CO2 binding by a Lewis acid (LA) and a Lewis base (LB), i.e., tBu3P + CO2 + B(C6F5)3 → tBu3P-C(O)O-B(C6F5)3 ([1]). Reasonably large ensemble of AIMD trajectories propagated at 300 K from structures in the saddle region as well as trajectories propagated directly from the reactants region revealed an effect arising from significant recrossing of the saddle area. The effect is that transient complexes composed of weakly interacting reactants nearly cease to progress along the segment of the minimum energy pathway (MEP) at the saddle region for a (subpicosecond) period of time during which the dominant factor is the light-to-heavy type of relative motion of the vibrating reactants, i.e., the "bouncing"-like movement of CO2 with respect to much heavier phosphine and borane as main contributor to the mode that is perpendicular to the MEP-direction. In terms of how P···C and B···O distances change with time, the roaming-like patterns of typical AIMD trajectories, reactive and nonreactive alike, extend far beyond the saddle region. In addition to the dynamical portrayal of [1], we provide the energy-landscape perspective that takes into account the hierarchy of time scales. The verifiable implication of the effect found here is that the isotopically substituted (heavier) LB/LA "pair" should be less reactive that the "normal" and thus lighter counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University , Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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12
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Pu M, Privalov T. Binding of CO
2
by a Mes
2
PCH
2
CH
2
B(C
6
F
5
)
2
Species: An Involvement of the Ground State Species in a Low‐Energy Pathway. Chemistry 2013; 19:16512-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
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13
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Lim CH, Holder AM, Hynes JT, Musgrave CB. Roles of the Lewis acid and base in the chemical reduction of CO2 catalyzed by frustrated Lewis pairs. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10062-6. [PMID: 23941178 DOI: 10.1021/ic4013729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We employ quantum chemical calculations to discover how frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) catalyze the reduction of CO2 by ammonia borane (AB); specifically, we examine how the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) of an FLP activate CO2 for reduction. We find that the LA (trichloroaluminum, AlCl3) alone catalyzes hydride transfer (HT) to CO2 while the LB (trimesitylenephosphine, PMes3) actually hinders HT; inclusion of the LB increases the HT barrier by ∼8 kcal/mol relative to the reaction catalyzed by LAs only. The LB hinders HT by donating its lone pair to the LUMO of CO2, increasing the electron density on the C atom and thus lowering its hydride affinity. Although the LB hinders HT, it nonetheless plays a crucial role by stabilizing the active FLP·CO2 complex relative to the LA dimer, free CO2, and free LB. This greatly increases the concentration of the reactive complex in the form FLP·CO2 and thus increases the rate of reaction. We expect that the principles we describe will aid in understanding other catalytic CO2 reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Ménard G, Gilbert TM, Hatnean JA, Kraft A, Krossing I, Stephan DW. Stoichiometric Reduction of CO2 to CO by Phosphine/AlX3-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400619y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Thomas M. Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Jillian A. Hatnean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
and Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 19,
79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)
and Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 19,
79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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15
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Dickie DA, Ulibarri-Sanchez III RP, Jarman PJ, Kemp RA. Activation of CO2 and CS2 by (Me3Si)(i-Pr2P)NH and its zinc complex. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Bertini F, Hoffmann F, Appelt C, Uhl W, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Reactivity of Dimeric P/Al-Based Lewis Pairs toward Carbon Dioxide and tert-Butyl Isocyanate. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Christian Appelt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische
Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
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17
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Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Insights from Computational Studies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 332:157-211. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Ashley AE, O’Hare D. FLP-Mediated Activations and Reductions of CO2 and CO. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 334:191-217. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Ménard G, Stephan DW. Stoichiometric Reduction of CO2 to CO by Aluminum-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8396-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Ménard G, Stephan DW. Stoichiometric Reduction of CO2 to CO by Aluminum-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Boudreau J, Courtemanche MA, Fontaine FG. Reactivity of Lewis pairs (R2PCH2AlMe2)2 with carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11131-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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