1
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Yang T, Liu D, Yang K, Lu J, Zhang B, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Wu J, Chen L. High energy barrier hydroxyl radical dissociation mechanism of a low shock sensitivity dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) explosive. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19302-19315. [PMID: 38963693 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
As a representative of the new generation of high-energy explosives, TKX-50 has attracted widespread attention due to its remarkably low sensitivity toward shock. However, the reported decomposition barriers of TKX-50 (∼37 kcal mol-1) are comparable to those of commonly used explosives. The mechanism of its low shock sensitivity remains unclear. In this study, using an ab initio molecular dynamics method combined with a multiscale shock simulation technique and transition state calculations (at the B2PLYP-D3/Def2TZVP level), we discovered an unconventional reaction pathway of TKX-50 under shock, and its rate-controlling step is the dissociation of the hydroxyl radical (OH) from the anion ring after proton transfer, followed by ring rupture and the production of H2O and N2. The barrier for this OH dissociation reaction is as high as 51.9 kcal mol-1. In contrast, under thermal stimuli, TKX-50 prefers to open rings directly after proton transfer without losing the OH. The corresponding barrier is 35.4 kcal mol-1, which is in good agreement with previous studies. The reason for the unconventional reaction pathway of TKX-50 under shock may be the suppression of anion ring opening in thermal decomposition by steric hindrance upon shock compression. In addition, the dominant N2 generation pathway under shock releases less energy than pyrolysis which further explains the low shock sensitivity of TKX-50. This study comprehensively elucidates the different reaction mechanisms of TKX-50 under thermal and shock conditions and proposes a crucial reaction pathway leading to its low shock sensitivity. These findings will contribute to the understanding and application of tetrazole anionic energetic salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Danyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Kaining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Wu F. Substituent effects on detonation properties and stability of energetic dipicrylamine derivatives from a theoretical study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1869733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinke Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Li C, Li H, Zong HH, Huang Y, Gozin M, Sun CQ, Zhang L. Strategies for Achieving Balance between Detonation Performance and Crystal Stability of High-Energy-Density Materials. iScience 2020; 23:100944. [PMID: 32163898 PMCID: PMC7066234 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance-stability contradiction of high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) is a long-standing puzzle in the field of chemistry and material science. Bridging the gap that exists between detonation performance of new HEDMs and their stability remains a formidable challenge. Achieving optimal balance between the two contradictory factors is of a significant demand for deep-well oil and gas drilling, space exploration, and other civil and defense applications. Herein, supercomputers and latest quantitative computational strategies were employed and high-throughput quantum calculations were conducted for 67 reported HEDMs. Based on statistical analysis of large amounts of physico-chemical data, in-crystal interspecies interactions were identified to be the one that provokes the performance-stability contradiction of HEDMs. To design new HEDMs with both good detonation performance and high stability, the proposed systematic and comprehensive strategies must be satisfied, which could promote the development of crystal engineering of HEDMs to an era of theory-guided rational design of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Materials and Application Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hui Li
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - He-Hou Zong
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of EngineeringPhysics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yongli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Materials and Application Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Chang Q Sun
- EBEAM, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; NOVITAS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing 100088, China; Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
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4
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Li H, Zhang L, Petrutik N, Wang K, Ma Q, Shem-Tov D, Zhao F, Gozin M. Molecular and Crystal Features of Thermostable Energetic Materials: Guidelines for Architecture of "Bridged" Compounds. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:54-75. [PMID: 31989026 PMCID: PMC6978839 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculation and data analysis on molecular and crystal level features of 60 reported energetic materials (EMs) allowed us to define key descriptors that are characteristics of these compounds' thermostability. We see these descriptors as reminiscent of "Lipinski's rule of 5", which revolutionized the design of new orally active pharmaceutical molecules. The proposed descriptors for thermostable EMs are of a type of molecular design, location and type of the weakest bond in the energetic molecule, as well as specific ranges of oxygen balance, crystal packing coefficient, Hirshfeld surface hydrogen bonding, and crystal lattice energy. On this basis, we designed three new thermostable EMs containing bridged, 3,5-dinitropyrazole moieties, HL3, HL7, and HL9, which were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in small-scale field detonation experiments. The best overall performing compound HL7 exhibited an onset decomposition temperature of 341 °C and has a density of 1.865 g cm-3, and the calculated velocity of detonation and maximum detonation pressure were 8517 m s-1 and 30.6 GPa, respectively. Considering HL7's impressive safety parameters [impact sensitivity (IS) = 22 J; friction sensitivity (FS) = 352; and electrostatic discharge sensitivity (ESD) = 1.05 J] and the results of small-scale field detonation experiments, the proposed guidelines should further promote the rational design of novel thermostable EMs, suitable for deep well drilling, space exploration, and other high-value defense and civil applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Science
and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAEP
Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing 100088, China
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Natan Petrutik
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - Daniel Shem-Tov
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Science
and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Michael Gozin
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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Mathpati RS, Dharavath S, Kumar N, Ghule VD, Paul AK, Tittal RK. Design, synthesis and investigations of a series of energetic salts through the variation of amines and concentration of picrate anions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight energetic salts combining N-bases with picrate ion were synthesized in high yields. The structures and energetic properties were regulated by the variation of N-base molecules and the concentration of the picric acid in the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramling S. Mathpati
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Vikas D. Ghule
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
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6
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Fizer M, Fizer O, Sidey V, Mariychuk R, Studenyak Y. Experimental and theoretical study on cetylpyridinium dipicrylamide – A promising ion-exchanger for cetylpyridinium selective electrodes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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7
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Guo T, Wang Z, Huo H, Tang W, Zhu Y, Bi F, Wang B, Meng Z, Prof. Zhongxue Ge A. An Efficient Method of Preparation and Comprehensive Properties for Energetic Salts Based on Nitrofurazan‐Functionalized Hydroxytetrazoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Wang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - and Prof. Zhongxue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shannxi 710065, P. R. China
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8
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Estimation of heats of formation for nitrogen-rich cations using G3, G4, and G4 (MP2) theoretical methods. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Shoaf AL, Bayse CA. Trigger bond analysis of nitroaromatic energetic materials using wiberg bond indices. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1236-1248. [PMID: 29464739 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of trigger bonds, bonds that break to initiate explosive decomposition, using computational methods could help direct the development of novel, "green" and efficient high energy density materials (HEDMs). Comparing bond densities in energetic materials to reference molecules using Wiberg bond indices (WBIs) provides a relative scale for bond activation (%ΔWBIs) to assign trigger bonds in a set of 63 nitroaromatic conventional energetic molecules. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions enhance contributions of resonance structures that strengthen, or deactivate, the CNO2 trigger bonds and reduce the sensitivity of nitroaniline-based HEDMs. In contrast, unidirectional hydrogen bonding in nitrophenols strengthens the bond to the hydrogen bond acceptor, but the phenol lone pairs repel and activate an adjacent nitro group. Steric effects, electron withdrawing groups and greater nitro dihedral angles also activate the CNO2 trigger bonds. %ΔWBIs indicate that nitro groups within an energetic molecule are not all necessarily equally activated to contribute to initiation. %ΔWBIs generally correlate well with impact sensitivity, especially for HEDMs with intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and are a better measure of trigger bond strength than bond dissociation energies (BDEs). However, the method is less effective for HEDMs with significant secondary effects in the solid state. Assignment of trigger bonds using %ΔWBIs could contribute to understanding the effect of intramolecular interactions on energetic properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Shoaf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529
| | - Craig A Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529
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10
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Estimating the densities of benzene-derived explosives using atomic volumes. J Mol Model 2018; 24:50. [PMID: 29427021 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of average atomic volumes to predict the crystal densities of benzene-derived energetic compounds of general formula C a H b N c O d is presented, along with the reliability of this method. The densities of 119 neutral nitrobenzenes, energetic salts, and cocrystals with diverse compositions were estimated and compared with experimental data. Of the 74 nitrobenzenes for which direct comparisons could be made, the % error in the estimated density was within 0-3% for 54 compounds, 3-5% for 12 compounds, and 5-8% for the remaining 8 compounds. Among 45 energetic salts and cocrystals, the % error in the estimated density was within 0-3% for 25 compounds, 3-5% for 13 compounds, and 5-7.4% for 7 compounds. The absolute error surpassed 0.05 g/cm3 for 27 of the 119 compounds (22%). The largest errors occurred for compounds containing fused rings and for compounds with three -NH2 or -OH groups. Overall, the present approach for estimating the densities of benzene-derived explosives with different functional groups was found to be reliable. Graphical abstract Application and reliability of average atom volume in the crystal density prediction of energetic compounds containing benzene ring.
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11
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Pang F, Wang G, Lu T, Fan G, Chen FX. Preparation and characteristics of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-derived energetic ionic salts with nitrogen linkages. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of nitrogen-bridged energetic ionic salts were synthesized exhibiting good stabilities and low sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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12
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Li Y, Huang H, Shi Y, Yang J, Pan R, Lin X. Potassium Nitraminofurazan Derivatives: Potential Green Primary Explosives with High Energy and Comparable Low Friction Sensitivities. Chemistry 2017; 23:7353-7360. [PMID: 28370512 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Renming Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
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13
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Li C, Zhang M, Chen Q, Li Y, Gao H, Fu W, Zhou Z. Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework as Super Heat-Resistant Explosive: Potassium 4-(5-Amino-3-Nitro-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Yl)-3,5-Dinitropyrazole. Chemistry 2017; 23:1490-1493. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qishan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huiqi Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering & Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun Haidian District 100081 Beijing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science & Technology; Beijing Institute of Technology; 100081 Beijing P. R. China
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14
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Huang H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Yang J. High-Oxygen-Balance Furazan Anions: A Good Choice for High-Performance Energetic Salts. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1688-96. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ling Ling Road 345 Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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15
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Huang H, Shi Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang J. Thermally stable energetic salts based on 3-nitramino-4-tetrazolefurazan. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of nitramino group and tetrazole with the furazan ring gave rise to energetic salts which are thermally stable up to 284 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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16
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Huang H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Yang J. 1,2,4,5-Dioxadiazine-functionalized [N–NO2]− furazan energetic salts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15382-15389. [PMID: 27603696 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4,5-Dioxadiazine is identified as a key bridge to improve the density and detonation performance of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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17
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Wu JT, Zhang JG, Yin X, Wu K. Energetic Oxygen-Containing Tetrazole Salts Based on 3,4-Diaminotriazole. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1239-44. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Wu B, Wang Z, Yang H, Lin Q, Ju X, Lu C, Cheng G. Synthesis and characterization of a new family of energetic salts based on a guanidinium cation containing a picryl moiety. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of energetic salts based on a guanidinium cation containing a picryl moiety was successfully synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
| | - Xuehai Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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19
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Zhang Q, Shreeve JM. Energetic ionic liquids as explosives and propellant fuels: a new journey of ionic liquid chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10527-74. [PMID: 25207674 DOI: 10.1021/cr500364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900, China
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Deblitz R, Hrib CG, Hilfert L, Edelmann FT. Crystal structure of the high-energy-density material guanylurea dipicryl-amide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:111-4. [PMID: 25249869 PMCID: PMC4158545 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814017164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, 1-carbamoylguanidinium bis-(2,4,6-tri-nitro-phen-yl)amide [H2NC(=O)NHC(NH2)2](+)[N{C6H2(NO2)3-2,4,6}2](-) (= guanylurea dipicryl-amide), was prepared as dark-red block-like crystals in 70% yield by salt-metathesis reaction between guanylurea sulfate and sodium dipicryl-amide. In the solid state, the new compound builds up an array of mutually linked guanylurea cations and dipicryl-amide anions. The crystal packing is dominated by an extensive network of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a high density of 1.795 Mg m(-3), which makes the title compound a potential secondary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raik Deblitz
- Chemisches Institut, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitaet Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cristian G Hrib
- Chemisches Institut, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitaet Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liane Hilfert
- Chemisches Institut, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitaet Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank T Edelmann
- Chemisches Institut, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitaet Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Deblitz R, Hrib CG, Blaurock S, Jones PG, Plenikowski G, Edelmann FT. Explosive Werner-type cobalt(iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of potentially explosive Werner-type cobalt(iii) complexes comprising the anions azotetrazolate, nitrotetrazolate, picrate and dipicrylamide have been prepared via simple metathetical routes. Representative studies of the energetic properties (impact and friction sensitivity, combustion) revealed that some of the new compounds are primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raik Deblitz
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Hrib
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Blaurock
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der TU Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Frank T. Edelmann
- Chemisches Institut der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
- 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
Energetic salts with 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 3 : 1 charge ratios (cation : anion) based on various nitrogen-rich cations and phenolate anions have been synthesized by a straightforward and simple method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharavath Srinivas
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM)
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Vikas D. Ghule
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Kurukshetra-136119, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Muralidharan
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM)
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046, India
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
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Xu J, Wei J, Li F, Ma Q, Peng X. Conjugated energetic salts based on 3,3′-((1E,1′E)-(2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenol). NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly conjugated energetic salts exhibit remarkable thermostability and insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fangmei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094, China
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Liang L, Wang K, Bian C, Ling L, Zhou Z. 4-Nitro-3-(5-tetrazole)furoxan and Its Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Chemistry 2013; 19:14902-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Song J, Wang K, Liang L, Bian C, Zhou Z. High-energy-density materials based on 1-nitramino-2,4-dinitroimidazole. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Song J, Zhou Z, Cao D, Huang H, Liang L, Wang K, Zhang J. 2-(Dinitromethylene)-1-nitro-1, 3-diazacyclopentane-Based Energetic Salts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liang L, Huang H, Wang K, Bian C, Song J, Ling L, Zhao F, Zhou Z. Oxy-bridged bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)furazan and its energetic salts paired with nitrogen-rich cations: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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