1
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Chen YG, Yu HB, Tian Y, Peng C, Xie MS, Guo HM. ArPNO-Catalyzed Acylative Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 3-Hydroxyphthalides: Access to Enantioenriched Phthalidyl Esters. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37471120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A chiral 4-aryl-pyridine-N-oxide nucleophilic organocatalyst was used to synthesize chiral phthalidyl ester prodrugs by the acylative dynamic kinetic resolution process. By using the 3,5-dimethylphenyl-derived ArPNO catalyst, the phthalidyl esters were obtained in up to 97% yield with 97% ee at room temperature. Two phthalidyl esters of prodrugs, talosalate and talmetacin, were generated. By control experiments and density functional theory calculations, an acyl transfer mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Heng-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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2
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Cao L, Zhang XP, Xie MS, Guo HM. Cu-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Prolinamides: Access to Enantioenriched DMAP Analogues and Its Application in Black Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2023; 88:341-346. [PMID: 36516983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A CuI-catalyzed C-N coupling reaction of 3-bromo-DMAP with l-prolinamides was conducted at 80 °C in 12-16 h, where the prolinamide's structure had an accelerating effect on the Ullmann-type reaction. This reaction was used to construct chiral 3-amino DMAP catalysts. Furthermore, enantioenriched DMAP analogue C8 was applied in an asymmetric Black rearrangement of 2-benzofuranylcarbonates, affording 3,3-disubstituted benzofuran-2-ones in up to 96% yield and 97% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xing-Ping Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Zhang XY, Lu K, Guo BK, Shao YP, Wang H, Zhang FM, Tu YQ, Zhang XM. Catalytic Enantioselective Steglich-Type Rearrangement of Enol Lactones: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocyclic 1,3-Diketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15031-15041. [PMID: 36325975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An example of asymmetric Steglich-type rearrangement of enol lactones is reported. This highly enantioselective acyl transfer reaction is catalyzed by chiral isothiourea at ambient temperature and provides a useful synthetic approach to access enantioenriched spirotricyclic β,β'-diketones from a broad range of indanone or tetralone-derived lactones. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the initial formation of an N-acylated iminium cation intermediate that induces a following facial selective condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Kuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100109, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100109, P. R. China
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4
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Lam Y, Huang J, Jiang X, Yeung Y. Cinchona Alkaloid‐Derived Zwitterions Catalyzed Enantioselective Steglich Rearrangement and Aldol Reaction of
O
‐Acylated Oxindoles. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Pong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T., Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Huang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T., Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Collage of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T., Hong Kong P. R. China
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5
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Yamamoto T, Takahashi T, Murakami R, Ariki N, Suginome M. Asymmetric O-to-C Aryloxycarbonyl Migration of Indolyl Carbonates Using Single-Handed Dynamic Helical Polyquinoxalines Bearing 4-Aminopyridyl Groups as Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Ariki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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6
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Cativiela C, Ordóñez M, Viveros-Ceballos JL. Stereoselective synthesis of acyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids derivatives from amino acids templates. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Bamberger J, Ostler F, Mancheño OG. Frontiers in Halogen and Chalcogen-Bond Donor Organocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:5198-5211. [PMID: 31894187 PMCID: PMC6919929 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent molecular interactions on the basis of halogen and chalcogen bonding represent a promising, powerful catalytic activation mode. However, these "unusual" non-covalent interactions are typically employed in the solid state and scarcely exploited in catalysis. In recent years, an increased interest in halogen and chalcogen bonding has been awaken, as they provide profound characteristics that make them an appealing alternative to the well-explored hydrogen bonding. Being particularly relevant in the binding of "soft" substrates, the similar strength to hydrogen bonding interactions and its higher directionality allows for solution-phase applications with halogen and chalcogen bonding as the key interaction. In this mini-review, the special features, state-of-the-art and key examples of these so-called σ-hole interactions in the field of organocatalysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bamberger
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstraße 40MünsterD-48149Germany
| | - Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstraße 40MünsterD-48149Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstraße 40MünsterD-48149Germany
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8
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Zhang L, Wang M, Zhou M, Zhang Z, Muraoka M, Zhang W. Chiral Bicyclic Imidazole‐Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective C‐Acylation for the Synthesis of 2‐Oxindoles Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Muxing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied ChemistryOsaka Institute of Technology Ohmiya 5-16-1, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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9
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Trujillo C, Litvajova M, Cronin SA, Craig R, Connon SJ. The Steglich Rearrangement of 2‐Oxindole Derivatives Promoted by Anion‐based Nucleophilic Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Mili Litvajova
- School of Chemistry TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Sarah A. Cronin
- School of Chemistry TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Ryan Craig
- School of Chemistry TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Stephen J. Connon
- School of Chemistry TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
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10
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Xie MS, Zhang YF, Shan M, Wu XX, Qu GR, Guo HM. Chiral DMAP-N-oxides as Acyl Transfer Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Asymmetric Steglich Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2839-2843. [PMID: 30653794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A DMAP-N-oxide, featuring an α-amino acid as the chiral source, was developed, synthesized and applied in asymmetric Steglich rearrangement. A series of O-acylated azlactones afforded C-acylated azlactones possessing a quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 97 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee). Compared to the widespread use of pyridine nitrogen, which serves as the nucleophilic site in the asymmetric acyl transfer reaction, we discovered that chiral DMAP-N-oxides, in which the oxygen now acts as the nucleophilic site, are efficient acyl transfer catalysts. Our finding might open a new door for the development of chiral DMAP-N-oxides for asymmetric acyl transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Ye-Fei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Meng Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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11
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Xie M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Wu X, Qu G, Guo H. Chiral DMAP‐
N
‐oxides as Acyl Transfer Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Asymmetric Steglich Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Ye‐Fei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Meng Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xiao‐Xia Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Gui‐Rong Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Hai‐Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug InnovationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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13
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Gasperini D, Greenhalgh MD, Imad R, Siddiqui S, Malik A, Arshad F, Choudhary MI, Al-Majid AM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP, Smith AD. Chiral Au I - and Au III -Isothiourea Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application. Chemistry 2019; 25:1064-1075. [PMID: 30357947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During an investigation into the potential union of Lewis basic isothiourea organocatalysis and gold catalysis, the formation of gold-isothiourea complexes was observed. These novel gold complexes were formed in high yield and were found to be air- and moisture stable. A series of neutral and cationic chiral gold(I) and gold(III) complexes bearing enantiopure isothiourea ligands was therefore synthesized and fully characterized. The steric and electronic properties of the isothiourea ligands was assessed through calculation of their percent buried volume and the synthesis and analysis of novel iridium(I)-isothiourea carbonyl complexes. The novel gold(I)- and gold(III)-isothiourea complexes have been applied in preliminary catalytic and biological studies, and display promising preliminary levels of catalytic activity and potency towards cancerous cell lines and clinically relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Gasperini
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rehan Imad
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shezaib Siddiqui
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Anum Malik
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Arshad
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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14
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Li QH, Zhang GS, Wang YH, Mei MS, Wang X, Liu Q, Yang XD, Tian P, Lin GQ. A novel chiral DMAP–thiourea bifunctional catalyst catalyzed enantioselective Steglich and Black rearrangement reactions. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00691e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral DMAP–thiourea bifunctional catalyst has been prepared and applied in the highly enantioselective Steglich and Black rearrangement reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Li
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Gui-Shan Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Ming-Shun Mei
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xiao-Di Yang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Ping Tian
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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15
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Shan M, Liang T, Zhang YF, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Enantioselective rearrangement of indolyl carbonates catalyzed by chiral DMAP-N-oxides. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chiral DMAP-N-oxides, which utilize the oxygen atom as a nucleophilic site, have been reported for the highly enantioselective rearrangement of indolyl carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Tao Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ye-Fei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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16
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Bai J, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang L. Dual catalysis system for ring-opening polymerization of lactones and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dual catalysis system exhibit the characteristics of a controlled ROP and suitable activities for the ROP of lactones and carbonates. Polymers prepared through this dual catalytic route possess predictable molecular weights, narrow polydispersities, and high end-group fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Bai
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
- Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Techonology
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18
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Yamamoto T, Murakami R, Suginome M. Single-Handed Helical Poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s Bearing Achiral 4-Aminopyrid-3-yl Pendants as Highly Enantioselective, Reusable Chiral Nucleophilic Organocatalysts in the Steglich Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2557-2560. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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19
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Chen CT, Tsai CC, Tsou PK, Huang GT, Yu CH. Enantiodivergent Steglich rearrangement of O-carboxylazlactones catalyzed by a chirality switchable helicene containing a 4-aminopyridine unit. Chem Sci 2016; 8:524-529. [PMID: 28451199 PMCID: PMC5341298 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality-switchable, 4-aminopyridine-based, pseudo-enantiomeric helicenes can catalyze enantiodivergent Steglich rearrangement in up to 91% ee (R) and 94% ee (S), respectively.
A pseudo-enantiomeric pair of optically switchable helicenes containing a catalytic 4-N-methylaminopyridine (MAP) bottom unit and a C2-symmetric, (10R,11R)-dimethoxymethyl-dibenzosuberane top template was synthesized. They underwent complementary photoswitching at 290 nm (P/M′, <1/>99) and 340 nm (P/M′, 91/9) and unidirectional thermo-rotation at 130 °C (P/M′, >99/<1). They were utilized to catalyze enantiodivergent Steglich rearrangement of O- to C-carboxylazlactones, with formation of either enantiomer with up to 91% ee (R) and 94% ee (S), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan . ;
| | - Cheng-Che Tsai
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan . ;
| | - Pei-Kang Tsou
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan . ;
| | - Gou-Tao Huang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan . ;
| | - Chin-Hui Yu
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan . ;
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20
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Hayashi M, Bachman S, Hashimoto S, Eichman CC, Stoltz BM. Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-Acylation of α-Substituted Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8997-9000. [PMID: 27373124 PMCID: PMC4963289 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for catalytic enantioselective C-acylation to generate α-quaternary-substituted lactams is reported. Ni-catalyzed three-component coupling of lactam enolates, benzonitriles, and aryl halides produces β-imino lactams that then afford β-keto lactams by acid hydrolysis. Use of a readily available Mandyphos-type ligand and addition of LiBr enable the construction of quaternary stereocenters on α-substituted lactams to form β-keto lactams in up to 94% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hayashi
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shoshana Bachman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Satoshi Hashimoto
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chad C. Eichman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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21
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Merad J, Pons JM, Chuzel O, Bressy C. Enantioselective Catalysis by Chiral Isothioureas. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Merad
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
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22
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Reddy GR, Avadhani AS, Rajaram S. Activation of Benzyl Aryl Carbonates: The Role of Cation-π Interactions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4134-41. [PMID: 27158833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl aryl carbonates can react with a nucleophile to yield an activated electrophile and an aryloxide anion. Previously, we had utilized this in the synthesis of α-nitro esters from nitroalkanes. To further understand the process of activation of these carbonates by nucleophiles, we have performed kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of carbonates using nucleophiles. Rate constants for the hydrolysis were obtained under pseudo-first-order conditions with DABCO as the nucleophile. A comparison of rate constant for hydrolysis of isobutyl phenyl carbonate with benzyl phenyl carbonate shows that the presence of benzyl group results in a 16-fold acceleration of hydrolysis rate. This indicates that the transition state for activation of carbonate is stabilized by cation-π interactions. A comparison of the rate constant for various aromatic rings indicates that electron-donating substituents on the benzyl groups accelerate the rate of hydrolysis. Studies were also carried out with DMAP as nucleophile and the results are presented. Our studies show that stable carbonates can be activated using nucleophiles. Activated acyl groups generated from acid anhydrides have been used in several enantioselective reactions. Our studies show that carbonates can be stable alternatives to acid anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golipalli Ramana Reddy
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Anusha S Avadhani
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sridhar Rajaram
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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23
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Caputo S, Basso A, Moni L, Riva R, Rocca V, Banfi L. Diastereoselective Ugi reaction of chiral 1,3-aminoalcohols derived from an organocatalytic Mannich reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:139-43. [PMID: 26877816 PMCID: PMC4734417 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure β-aminoalcohols, produced through an organocatalytic Mannich reaction, were subjected to an Ugi multicomponent reaction under classical or Lewis acid-promoted conditions with diastereoselectivities ranging from moderate to good. This approach represents a step-economical path to enantiomerically pure, polyfunctionalized peptidomimetics endowed with three stereogenic centers, allowing the introduction of five diversity inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Rocca
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
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Mandai H, Fujiwara T, Noda K, Fujii K, Mitsudo K, Korenaga T, Suga S. Enantioselective Steglich Rearrangement of Oxindole Derivatives by Easily Accessible Chiral N,N-4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine Derivatives. Org Lett 2015; 17:4436-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mandai
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujiwara
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Noda
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsudo
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Faculty
of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research
Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage
and Transport, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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25
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Metz AE, Kozlowski MC. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalytic Methods for the Formation of Acyclic α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2014; 80:1-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502408z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Metz
- Department of Chemistry,
Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry,
Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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26
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Wang M, Zhang Z, Liu S, Xie F, Zhang W. Enantioselective Black rearrangement catalyzed by chiral bicyclic imidazole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1227-30. [PMID: 24336514 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed chiral imidazole nucleophilic catalyst, , was readily prepared and successfully applied to the enantioselective Black rearrangement with up to 88% ee for a wide range of substrates possessing different substituted groups. A plausible mechanism for the high enantioselectivity was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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27
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Okamoto S, Sakai Y, Watanabe S, Nishi S, Yoneyama A, Katsumata H, Kosaki Y, Sato R, Shiratori M, Shibuno M, Shishido T. Structure–activity relationship of dihydroimidazo-, dihydropyrimido, tetrahydrodiazepino-[2,1-b]-thiazoles, and -benzothiazoles as an acylation catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Leckie SM, Brown TB, Pryde D, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. NHC-mediated enantioselective formal [4 + 2] cycloadditions of alkylarylketenes and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketocarboxylic esters and amides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3230-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Uraguchi D, Koshimoto K, Ooi T. Ionic Nucleophilic Catalysis of Chiral Ammonium Betaines for Highly Stereoselective Aldol Reaction from Oxindole-Derived Vinylic Carbonates. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6972-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3022939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of
Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya
464-8603, Japan
| | - Kyohei Koshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of
Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya
464-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of
Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya
464-8603, Japan
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