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Saha A, Pushpa, Moitra S, Basak D, Brahma S, Mondal D, Molla SH, Samadder A, Nandi S. Targeting Cysteine Proteases and their Inhibitors to Combat Trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2135-2169. [PMID: 37340748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230619160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the Trypanosoma genus, remains a significant health burden in several regions of the world. Cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma parasites and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. INTRODUCTION This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cysteine proteases in trypanosomiasis and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the biological significance of cysteine proteases in Trypanosoma parasites and their involvement in essential processes, such as host immune evasion, cell invasion, and nutrient acquisition. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and research articles on the role of cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in trypanosomiasis. The selected studies were critically analyzed to extract key findings and provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. RESULTS Cysteine proteases, such as cruzipain, TbCatB and TbCatL, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets due to their essential roles in Trypanosoma pathogenesis. Several small molecule inhibitors and peptidomimetics have been developed to target these proteases and have shown promising activity in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION Targeting cysteine proteases and their inhibitors holds great potential for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs against trypanosomiasis. The identification of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors could significantly contribute to the combat against trypanosomiasis and improve the prospects for the treatment of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Saha
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Pushpa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Susmita Moitra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Deblina Basak
- Endocrinology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sayandeep Brahma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Dipu Mondal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sabir Hossen Molla
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Albino SL, da Silva Menezes KJ, de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti M, de Oliveira MS, Mali SN, de Moura RO. Targeting SmCB1: Perspectives and Insights to Design Antischistosomal Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2264-2284. [PMID: 37921174 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673255826231011114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, and schistosomiasis is among the most relevant diseases worldwide. In addition, one of the two biggest problems in developing drugs against this disease is related to drug resistance, which promotes the demand to develop new drug candidates for this purpose. Thus, one of the drug targets most explored, Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B1 (SmCB1 or Sm31), provides new opportunities in drug development due to its essential functions for the parasite's survival. In this way, here, the latest developments in drug design studies targeting SmCB1 were approached, focusing on the most promising analogs of nitrile, vinyl sulphones, and peptidomimetics. Thus, it was shown that despite being a disease known since ancient times, it remains prevalent throughout the world, with high mortality rates. The therapeutic arsenal of antischistosomal drugs (ASD) consists only of praziquantel, which is widely used for this purpose and has several advantages, such as efficacy and safety. However, it has limitations, such as the impossibility of acting on the immature worm and exploring new targets to overcome these limitations. SmCB1 shows its potential as a cysteine protease with a catalytic triad consisting of Cys100, His270, and Asn290. Thus, design studies of new inhibitors focus on their catalytic mechanism for designing new analogs. In fact, nitrile and sulfonamide analogs show the most significant potential in drug development, showing that these chemical groups can be better exploited in drug discovery against schistosomiasis. We hope this manuscript guides the authors in searching for promising new antischistosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Pharmacy Department, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, 57051-160, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Sonaly Lima Albino
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Karla Joane da Silva Menezes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Misael de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Coordination of Botany-Laboratory Adolpho Ducke, Avenida Perimetral, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1901, Belém, 66077-530, PA Brazil
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
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3
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Abdoli M, Krasniqi V, Bonardi A, Gütschow M, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 4-Cyanamido-substituted benzenesulfonamides act as dual carbonic anhydrase and cathepsin inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106725. [PMID: 37442043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A set of novel N-cyano-N-substituted 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their inhibitory activity against four cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms (hCA I, II, VII and XIII) and two cathepsins (S and B). N-alkyl/benzyl-substituted derivatives were revealed to be very potent inhibitors against brain-associated hCA VII, but inactive against both cathepsins. On the other hand, N-acyl-substituted derivatives displayed significant inhibitory activities against cathepsin S, but only moderate to poor inhibitory potency against hCA VII. Both hCA VII and cathepsin S have recently been validated as therapeutic targets in neuropathic pain. This study provided an excellent starting point for further structural optimization of this class of bifunctional compounds to enhance their inhibitory activity and selectivity against hCA VII and cathepsin S and to achieve new compounds with an attractive dual mechanism of action as anti-neuropathic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vesa Krasniqi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
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4
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Alves ETM, Pernichelle FG, Nascimento LA, Ferreira GM, Ferreira EI. Covalent Inhibitors for Neglected Diseases: An Exploration of Novel Therapeutic Options. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1028. [PMID: 37513939 PMCID: PMC10385647 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected diseases, primarily found in tropical regions of the world, present a significant challenge for impoverished populations. Currently, there are 20 diseases considered neglected, which greatly impact the health of affected populations and result in difficult-to-control social and economic consequences. Unfortunately, for the majority of these diseases, there are few or no drugs available for patient treatment, and the few drugs that do exist often lack adequate safety and efficacy. As a result, there is a pressing need to discover and design new drugs to address these neglected diseases. This requires the identification of different targets and interactions to be studied. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on studying enzyme covalent inhibitors as a potential treatment for neglected diseases. In this review, we will explore examples of how these inhibitors have been used to target Human African Trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and Malaria, highlighting some of the most promising results so far. Ultimately, this review aims to inspire medicinal chemists to pursue the development of new drug candidates for these neglected diseases, and to encourage greater investment in research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Tavares Marcelino Alves
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Filipe Gomes Pernichelle
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Adriano Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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5
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Screening the Pathogen Box to Discover and Characterize New Cruzain and TbrCatL Inhibitors. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020251. [PMID: 36839523 PMCID: PMC9967275 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei, respectively, pose relevant health challenges throughout the world, placing 65 to 70 million people at risk each. Given the limited efficacy and severe side effects associated with current chemotherapy, new drugs are urgently needed for both diseases. Here, we report the screening of the Pathogen Box collection against cruzain and TbrCatL, validated targets for Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis, respectively. Enzymatic assays were applied to screen 400 compounds, validate hits, determine IC50 values and, when possible, mechanisms of inhibition. In this case, 12 initial hits were obtained and ten were prioritized for follow-up. IC50 values were obtained for six of them (hit rate = 1.5%) and ranged from 0.46 ± 0.03 to 27 ± 3 µM. MMV687246 was found to be a mixed inhibitor of cruzain (Ki = 57 ± 6 µM) while MMV688179 was found to be a competitive inhibitor of cruzain with a nanomolar potency (Ki = 165 ± 63 nM). A putative binding mode for MMV688179 was obtained by docking. The six hits discovered against cruzain and TbrCatL are of great interest for further optimization by the medicinal chemistry community.
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6
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Lemke C, Jílková A, Ferber D, Braune A, On A, Johe P, Zíková A, Schirmeister T, Mareš M, Horn M, Gütschow M. Two Tags in One Probe: Combining Fluorescence- and Biotin-based Detection of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201636. [PMID: 35852812 PMCID: PMC9826439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhodesain is the major cysteine protease of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and a therapeutic target for sleeping sickness, a fatal neglected tropical disease. We designed, synthesized and characterized a bimodal activity-based probe that binds to and inactivates rhodesain. This probe exhibited an irreversible mode of action and extraordinary potency for the target protease with a kinac /Ki value of 37,000 M-1 s-1 . Two reporter tags, a fluorescent coumarin moiety and a biotin affinity label, were incorporated into the probe and enabled highly sensitive detection of rhodesain in a complex proteome by in-gel fluorescence and on-blot chemiluminescence. Furthermore, the probe was employed for microseparation and quantification of rhodesain and for inhibitor screening using a competition assay. The developed bimodal rhodesain probe represents a new proteomic tool for studying Trypanosoma pathobiochemistry and antitrypanosomal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Dominic Ferber
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Annett Braune
- Research Group Intestinal MicrobiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeArthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–11614558NuthetalGermany
| | - Anja On
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Patrick Johe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS)Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzStaudingerweg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Alena Zíková
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of ParasitologyUniversity of South BohemiaFaculty of ScienceBranišovská 1160/3137005České BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS)Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzStaudingerweg 555128MainzGermany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo n. 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
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7
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Development of novel dipeptide nitriles as inhibitors of rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Benýšek J, Buša M, Rubešová P, Fanfrlík J, Lepšík M, Brynda J, Matoušková Z, Bartz U, Horn M, Gütschow M, Mareš M. Highly potent inhibitors of cathepsin K with a differently positioned cyanohydrazide warhead: structural analysis of binding mode to mature and zymogen-like enzymes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:515-526. [PMID: 35144520 PMCID: PMC8843313 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2024527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads: an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen-like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed-primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Benýšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Buša
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rubešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Matoušková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Lemke C, Benýšek J, Brajtenbach D, Breuer C, Jílková A, Horn M, Buša M, Ulrychová L, Illies A, Kubatzky KF, Bartz U, Mareš M, Gütschow M. An Activity-Based Probe for Cathepsin K Imaging with Excellent Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13793-13806. [PMID: 34473502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine protease cathepsin K is a target for the treatment of diseases associated with high bone turnover. Cathepsin K is mainly expressed in osteoclasts and responsible for the destruction of the proteinaceous components of the bone matrix. We designed various fluorescent activity-based probes (ABPs) and their precursors that bind to and inactivate cathepsin K. ABP 25 exhibited extraordinary potency (kinac/Ki = 35,300 M-1s-1) and selectivity for human cathepsin K. Crystal structures of cathepsin K in complex with ABP 25 and its nonfluorescent precursor 21 were determined to characterize the binding mode of this new type of acrylamide-based Michael acceptor with the particular orientation of the dibenzylamine moiety to the primed subsite region. The cyanine-5 containing probe 25 allowed for sensitive detection of cathepsin K, selective visualization in complex proteomes, and live cell imaging of a human osteosarcoma cell line, underlining its applicability in a pathophysiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Jakub Benýšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, Prague 12108, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Brajtenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Christian Breuer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany.,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Buša
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Annika Illies
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany
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10
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Jung S, Fuchs N, Johe P, Wagner A, Diehl E, Yuliani T, Zimmer C, Barthels F, Zimmermann RA, Klein P, Waigel W, Meyr J, Opatz T, Tenzer S, Distler U, Räder HJ, Kersten C, Engels B, Hellmich UA, Klein J, Schirmeister T. Fluorovinylsulfones and -Sulfonates as Potent Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain: Structure-Activity Relationship, Inhibition Mechanism, Metabolism, and In Vivo Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12322-12358. [PMID: 34378914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodesain is a major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a pathogen causing Human African Trypanosomiasis, and a validated drug target. Recently, we reported the development of α-halovinylsulfones as a new class of covalent reversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Here, α-fluorovinylsulfones/-sulfonates were optimized for rhodesain based on molecular modeling approaches. 2d, the most potent and selective inhibitor in the series, shows a single-digit nanomolar affinity and high selectivity toward mammalian cathepsins B and L. Enzymatic dilution assays and MS experiments indicate that 2d is a slow-tight binder (Ki = 3 nM). Furthermore, the nonfluorinated 2d-(H) shows favorable metabolism and biodistribution by accumulation in mice brain tissue after intraperitoneal and oral administration. The highest antitrypanosomal activity was observed for inhibitors with an N-terminal 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine group and a 4-Me-Phe residue in P2 (2e/4e) with nanomolar EC50 values (0.14/0.80 μM). The different mechanisms of reversible and irreversible inhibitors were explained using QM/MM calculations and MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Johe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tri Yuliani
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Collin Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Barthels
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert A Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Waldemar Waigel
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Targeting the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: From the Establishment of High Throughput Screening to the Design of Tailored Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10423-10429. [PMID: 33655614 PMCID: PMC8014119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro ), the causative agent of COVID-19, constitutes a significant drug target. A new fluorogenic substrate was kinetically compared to an internally quenched fluorescent peptide and shown to be ideally suitable for high throughput screening with recombinantly expressed Mpro . Two classes of protease inhibitors, azanitriles and pyridyl esters, were identified, optimized and subjected to in-depth biochemical characterization. Tailored peptides equipped with the unique azanitrile warhead exhibited concomitant inhibition of Mpro and cathepsin L, a protease relevant for viral cell entry. Pyridyl indole esters were analyzed by a positional scanning. Our focused approach towards Mpro inhibitors proved to be superior to virtual screening. With two irreversible inhibitors, azanitrile 8 (kinac /Ki =37 500 m-1 s-1 , Ki =24.0 nm) and pyridyl ester 17 (kinac /Ki =29 100 m-1 s-1 , Ki =10.0 nm), promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
- Present address: Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical ChemistryEberhard-Karls-University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgVersbacher Strasse 797078WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany), E-mails
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12
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Die Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 als Zielstruktur: Von der Etablierung eines Hochdurchsatz‐Screenings zum Design maßgeschneiderter Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische Chemie Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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13
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Jílková A, Horn M, Fanfrlík J, Küppers J, Pachl P, Řezáčová P, Lepšík M, Fajtová P, Rubešová P, Chanová M, Caffrey CR, Gütschow M, Mareš M. Azanitrile Inhibitors of the SmCB1 Protease Target Are Lethal to Schistosoma mansoni: Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Chemotype Reactivity. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:189-201. [PMID: 33301315 PMCID: PMC7802074 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Azapeptide
nitriles are postulated to reversibly covalently react
with the active-site cysteine residue of cysteine proteases and form
isothiosemicarbazide adducts. We investigated the interaction of azadipeptide
nitriles with the cathepsin B1 drug target (SmCB1) from Schistosoma
mansoni, a pathogen that causes the global neglected disease
schistosomiasis. Azadipeptide nitriles were superior inhibitors of
SmCB1 over their parent carba analogs. We determined the crystal structure
of SmCB1 in complex with an azadipeptide nitrile and analyzed the
reaction mechanism using quantum chemical calculations. The data demonstrate
that azadipeptide nitriles, in contrast to their carba counterparts,
undergo a change from E- to Z-configuration
upon binding, which gives rise to a highly favorable energy profile
of noncovalent and covalent complex formation. Finally, azadipeptide
nitriles were considerably more lethal than their carba analogs against
the schistosome pathogen in culture, supporting the further development
of this chemotype as a treatment for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rubešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Chanová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2028/7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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14
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Van den Kerkhof M, Sterckx YGJ, Leprohon P, Maes L, Caljon G. Experimental Strategies to Explore Drug Action and Resistance in Kinetoplastid Parasites. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E950. [PMID: 32599761 PMCID: PMC7356981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, and American trypanosomiasis. They are responsible for high mortality and morbidity in (sub)tropical regions. Adequate treatment options are limited and have several drawbacks, such as toxicity, need for parenteral administration, and occurrence of treatment failure and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgency for the development of new drugs. Phenotypic screening already allowed the identification of promising new chemical entities with anti-kinetoplastid activity potential, but knowledge on their mode-of-action (MoA) is lacking due to the generally applied whole-cell based approach. However, identification of the drug target is essential to steer further drug discovery and development. Multiple complementary techniques have indeed been used for MoA elucidation. In this review, the different 'omics' approaches employed to define the MoA or mode-of-resistance of current reference drugs and some new anti-kinetoplastid compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Yann G.-J. Sterckx
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry (LMB), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Leprohon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (L.M.)
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15
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Zulu AI, Oderinlo OO, Kruger C, Isaacs M, Hoppe HC, Smith VJ, Veale CGL, Khanye SD. Synthesis, Structure and In Vitro Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Non-Toxic Arylpyrrole-Based Chalcone Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E1668. [PMID: 32260364 PMCID: PMC7181280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With an intention of identifying chalcone derivatives exhibiting anti-protozoal activity, a cohort of relatively unexplored arylpyrrole-based chalcone derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields. The resultant compounds were evaluated in vitro for their potential activity against a cultured Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427 strain. Several compounds displayed mostly modest in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity with compounds 10e and 10h emerging as active candidates with IC50 values of 4.09 and 5.11 µM, respectively. More importantly, a concomitant assessment of their activity against a human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line revealed that these compounds are non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanda I. Zulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Ogunyemi O. Oderinlo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Cuan Kruger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Heinrich C. Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Clinton G. L. Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D. Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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16
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Ettari R, Previti S, Maiorana S, Amendola G, Wagner A, Cosconati S, Schirmeister T, Hellmich UA, Zappalà M. Optimization Strategy of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10617-10629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Annika Wagner
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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17
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of inhibitors of cathepsin K on dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1034-1042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Dana D, Garcia J, Bhuiyan AI, Rathod P, Joo L, Novoa DA, Paroly S, Fath KR, Chang EJ, Pathak SK. Cell penetrable, clickable and tagless activity-based probe of human cathepsin L. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:505-514. [PMID: 30802807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human cathepsin L is a ubiquitously expressed endopeptidase and is known to play critical roles in a wide variety of cellular signaling events. Its overexpression has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including highly invasive forms of cancer. Inhibition of cathepsin L is therefore considered a viable therapeutic strategy. Unfortunately, several redundant and even opposing roles of cathepsin L have recently emerged. Selective cathepsin L probes are therefore needed to dissect its function in context-specific manner before significant resources are directed into drug discovery efforts. Herein, the development of a clickable and tagless activity-based probe of cathepsin L is reported. The probe is highly efficient, active-site directed and activity-dependent, selective, cell penetrable, and non-toxic to human cells. Using zebrafish model, we demonstrate that the probe can inhibit cathepsin L function in vivo during the hatching process. It is anticipated that the probe will be a highly effective tool in dissecting cathepsin L biology at the proteome levels in both normal physiology and human diseases, thereby facilitating drug-discovery efforts targeting cathepsin L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Dana
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeremy Garcia
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Ashif I Bhuiyan
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pratikkumar Rathod
- York College of the City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11451-0001, USA; Laguardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Laura Joo
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Daniel A Novoa
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Suneeta Paroly
- Bard High School Early College Queens, 30-20 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Karl R Fath
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emmanuel J Chang
- York College of the City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11451-0001, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sanjai K Pathak
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA; Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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19
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Gu K, Qiu W, Guo Z, Yan C, Zhu S, Yao D, Shi P, Tian H, Zhu WH. An enzyme-activatable probe liberating AIEgens: on-site sensing and long-term tracking of β-galactosidase in ovarian cancer cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:398-405. [PMID: 30746088 PMCID: PMC6334664 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of fluorescent probes for on-site sensing and long-term tracking of specific biomarkers is particularly desirable for the early detection of diseases. However, available small-molecule probes tend to facilely diffuse across the cell membrane or remain at the activation site but always suffer from the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. Here we report an enzyme-activatable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe QM-βgal, which is composed of a hydrophilic β-galactosidase (β-gal)-triggered galactose moiety and a hydrophobic AIE-active fluorophore QM-OH. The probe is virtually non-emissive in aqueous media, but when activated by β-gal, specific enzymatic turnover would liberate hydrophobic AIE luminogen (AIEgen) QM-OH, and then highly fluorescent nanoaggregates are in situ generated as a result of the AIE process, allowing for on-site sensing of endogenous β-gal activity in living cells. Notably, taking advantage of the improved intracellular retention of nanoaggregates, we further exemplify QM-βgal for long-term (∼12 h) visualization of β-gal-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells with high fidelity, which is essential for biomedicine and diagnostics. Thus, this enzyme-activatable AIE probe not only is a potent tool for elucidating the roles of β-gal in biological systems, but also offers an enzyme-regulated liberation strategy to exploit multifunctional probes for preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhi Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Wanshan Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai 201102 , China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Defan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - He Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
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Gumbo M, Beteck RM, Mandizvo T, Seldon R, Warner DF, Hoppe HC, Isaacs M, Laming D, Tam CC, Cheng LW, Liu N, Land KM, Khanye SD. Cinnamoyl-Oxaborole Amides: Synthesis and Their in Vitro Biological Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E2038. [PMID: 30111695 PMCID: PMC6222898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased interest in their application in the treatment of infectious diseases, boron-containing compounds have received a significant coverage in the literature. Herein, a small set of novel cinnamoly-oxaborole amides were synthesized and screened against nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei for antitrypanosomal activity. Compound 5g emerged as a new hit with an in vitro IC50 value of 0.086 μM against T. b. brucei without obvious inhibitory activity against HeLa cell lines. The same series was also screened against other human pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), for which moderate to weak activity (10 to >125 μM) was observed. Similarly, these compounds exhibited moderate activity against the human protozoal pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with no observed effect on common microbiome bacterial species. The cross-species inhibitory activity presents the possibility of these compounds serving as broad-spectrum antibiotics for these prevalent three human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Gumbo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tawanda Mandizvo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3-D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Digby F Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Dustin Laming
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Christina C Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Nicole Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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21
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Silva DG, Ribeiro JF, De Vita D, Cianni L, Franco CH, Freitas-Junior LH, Moraes CB, Rocha JR, Burtoloso AC, Kenny PW, Leitão A, Montanari CA. A comparative study of warheads for design of cysteine protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5031-5035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of N’-Cyano-N,N’-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzohydrazide. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Ferreira LG, Andricopulo AD. Targeting cysteine proteases in trypanosomatid disease drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:49-61. [PMID: 28579388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis are endemic conditions in Latin America and Africa, respectively, for which no effective and safe therapy is available. Efforts in drug discovery have focused on several enzymes from these protozoans, among which cysteine proteases have been validated as molecular targets for pharmacological intervention. These enzymes are expressed during the entire life cycle of trypanosomatid parasites and are essential to many biological processes, including infectivity to the human host. As a result of advances in the knowledge of the structural aspects of cysteine proteases and their role in disease physiopathology, inhibition of these enzymes by small molecules has been demonstrated to be a worthwhile approach to trypanosomatid drug research. This review provides an update on drug discovery strategies targeting the cysteine peptidases cruzain from Trypanosoma cruzi and rhodesain and cathepsin B from Trypanosoma brucei. Given that current chemotherapy for Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis has several drawbacks, cysteine proteases will continue to be actively pursued as valuable molecular targets in trypanosomatid disease drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil.
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24
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Silva DG, Rocha JR, Sartori GR, Montanari CA. Highly predictive hologram QSAR models of nitrile-containing cruzain inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3232-3249. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1252282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gedder Silva
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Josmar Rodrigues Rocha
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Rodrigues Sartori
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Montanari
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP 13566-590, Brazil
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25
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Skinner-Adams TS, Sumanadasa SD, Fisher GM, Davis RA, Doolan DL, Andrews KT. Defining the targets of antiparasitic compounds. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:725-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Ettari R, Pinto A, Previti S, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, La Pietra V, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M, Grasso S, De Micheli C, Conti P. Development of novel dipeptide-like rhodesain inhibitors containing the 3-bromoisoxazoline warhead in a constrained conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7053-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Avelar LAA, Camilo CD, de Albuquerque S, Fernandes WB, Gonçalez C, Kenny PW, Leitão A, McKerrow JH, Montanari CA, Orozco EVM, Ribeiro JFR, Rocha JR, Rosini F, Saidel ME. Molecular Design, Synthesis and Trypanocidal Activity of Dipeptidyl Nitriles as Cruzain Inhibitors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003916. [PMID: 26173110 PMCID: PMC4501791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of compounds based on the dipeptidyl nitrile scaffold were synthesized and assayed for their inhibitory activity against the T. cruzi cysteine protease cruzain. Structure activity relationships (SARs) were established using three, eleven and twelve variations respectively at the P1, P2 and P3 positions. A Ki value of 16 nM was observed for the most potent of these inhibitors which reflects a degree of non-additivity in the SAR. An X-ray crystal structure was determined for the ligand-protein complex for the structural prototype for the series. Twenty three inhibitors were also evaluated for their anti-trypanosomal effects and an EC50 value of 28 μM was observed for the most potent of these. Although there remains scope for further optimization, the knowledge gained from this study is also transferable to the design of cruzain inhibitors based on warheads other than nitrile as well as alternative scaffolds. Chagas disease is a parasitic infection with high morbidity and mortality that is endemic in much of Latin America where it remains a serious public health problem. With increased migration, Chagas disease represents an emerging worldwide challenge and there is an urgent, unmet need for safe and effective medication. The available drugs to treat Chagas disease may be effective in the acute phase of the disease, but efficacy in the chronic phase remains controversial. They can cause serious side effects that lead sufferers to abandon treatment. Using a hypothesis-driven approach to molecular design and drawing on cysteine protease cruzain structural information, we have mapped structure-activity relationships for a dipeptidyl nitrile scaffold and demonstrated that compounds are competitive inhibitors, bind reversibly and bear trypanocidal activity. The binding mode revealed by the crystal structure of the protein-ligand complex for one of the inhibitors shows that binding involves the formation of a covalent bond between the catalytic cysteine and the nitrile carbon. As such, we believe that our study represents a valuable step in the search for new drugs for the treatment of a neglected disease that continues to affect the lives of millions of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A. A. Avelar
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian D. Camilo
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William B. Fernandes
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cristiana Gonçalez
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter W. Kenny
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PWK); (CAM)
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James H. McKerrow
- University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PWK); (CAM)
| | - Erika V. Meñaca Orozco
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean F. R. Ribeiro
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josmar R. Rocha
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rosini
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta E. Saidel
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Azanitrile Cathepsin K Inhibitors: Effects on Cell Toxicity, Osteoblast-Induced Mineralization and Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132513. [PMID: 26168340 PMCID: PMC4500499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The cysteine protease cathepsin K (CatK), abundantly expressed in osteoclasts, is responsible for the degradation of bone matrix proteins, including collagen type 1. Thus, CatK is an attractive target for new anti-resorptive osteoporosis therapies, but the wider effects of CatK inhibitors on bone cells also need to be evaluated to assess their effects on bone. Therefore, we selected, among a series of synthetized isothiosemicarbazides, two molecules which are highly selective CatK inhibitors (CKIs) to test their effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Research Design and Methods Cell viability upon treatment of CKIs were was assayed on human osteoblast-like Saos-2, mouse monocyte cell line RAW 264.7 and mature mouse osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow. Osteoblast-induced mineralization in Saos-2 cells and in mouse primary osteoblasts from calvaria, with or without CKIs,; were was monitored by Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity, while osteoclast-induced bone resorption was performed on bovine slices. Results Treatments with two CKIs, CKI-8 and CKI-13 in human osteoblast-like Saos-2, murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with RANKL and mouse osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow stimulated with RANKL and MCSF were found not to be toxic at doses of up to 100 nM. As probed by Alizarin Red staining, CKI-8 did not inhibit osteoblast-induced mineralization in mouse primary osteoblasts as well as in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. However, CKI-13 led to a reduction in mineralization of around 40% at 10–100 nM concentrations in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells while it did not in primary cells. After a 48-hour incubation, both CKI-8 and CKI-13 decreased bone resorption on bovine bone slices. CKI-13 was more efficient than the commercial inhibitor E-64 in inhibiting bone resorption induced by osteoclasts on bovine bone slices. Both CKI-8 and CKI-13 created smaller bone resorption pits on bovine bone slices, suggesting that the mobility of osteoclasts was slowed down by the addition of CKI-8 and CKI-13. Conclusion CKI-8 and CKI-13 screened here show promise as antiresorptive osteoporosis therapeutics but some off target effects on osteoblasts were found with CKI-13.
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Löser R, Pietzsch J. Cysteine cathepsins: their role in tumor progression and recent trends in the development of imaging probes. Front Chem 2015; 3:37. [PMID: 26157794 PMCID: PMC4477214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases bear an enormous potential as drug discovery targets for both infectious and systemic human diseases. The considerable progress in this field over the last two decades has also raised interest in the visualization of these enzymes in their native context, especially with regard to tumor imaging. After a short introduction to structure and general functions of human cysteine cathepsins, we highlight their importance for drug discovery and development and provide a critical update on the current state of knowledge toward their involvement in tumor progression, with a special emphasis on their role in therapy response. In accordance with a radiopharmaceutical point of view, the main focus of this review article will be the discussion of recently developed fluorescence and radiotracer-based imaging agents together with related molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
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31
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Yang P, Liu K. Activity-based protein profiling: recent advances in probe development and applications. Chembiochem 2015; 16:712-24. [PMID: 25652106 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The completion of the human genome sequencing project has provided a wealth of new information regarding the genomic blueprint of the cell. Although, to date, there are roughly 20,000 genes in the human genome, the functions of only a handful of proteins are clear. The major challenge lies in translating genomic information into an understanding of their cellular functions. The recently developed activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is an unconventional approach that is complementary for gene expression analysis and an ideal utensil in decoding this overflow of genomic information. This approach makes use of synthetic small molecules that covalently modify a set of related proteins and subsequently facilitates identification of the target protein, enabling rapid biochemical analysis and inhibitor discovery. This tutorial review introduces recent advances in the field of ABPP and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 (USA)
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Schmitz J, Beckmann AM, Dudic A, Li T, Sellier R, Bartz U, Gütschow M. 3-Cyano-3-aza-β-amino Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Cysteine Cathepsins. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1076-81. [PMID: 25313316 DOI: 10.1021/ml500238q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile-type inhibitors are known to interact with cysteine proteases in a covalent-reversible manner. The chemotype of 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid derivatives was designed in which the N-cyano group is centrally arranged in the molecule to allow for interactions with the nonprimed and primed binding regions of the target enzymes. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of the human cysteine cathepsins K, S, B, and L. They exhibited slow-binding behavior and were found to be exceptionally potent, in particular toward cathepsin K, with second-order rate constants up to 52 900 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schmitz
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Anna-Madeleine Beckmann
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adela Dudic
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tianwei Li
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Sellier
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Departments of 1Chemical and Systems Biology,
- Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324;
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Drug discovery and human African trypanosomiasis: a disease less neglected? Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1801-41. [PMID: 24144414 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been neglected for a long time. The most recent drug to treat this disease, eflornithine, was approved by the US FDA in 2000. Current treatments exhibit numerous problematic side effects and are often ineffective against the debilitating CNS resident stage of the disease. Fortunately, several partnerships and initiatives have been formed over the last 20 years in an effort to eradicate HAT, along with a number of other neglected diseases. This has led to an increasing number of foundations and research institutions that are currently working on the development of new drugs for HAT and tools with which to diagnose and treat patients. New biochemical pathways as therapeutic targets are emerging, accompanied by increasing numbers of new antitrypanosomal compound classes. The future looks promising that this collaborative approach will facilitate eagerly awaited breakthroughs in the treatment of HAT.
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35
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Ge J, Zhang CJ, Li L, Chong LM, Wu X, Hao P, Sze SK, Yao SQ. Small molecule probe suitable for in situ profiling and inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2577-85. [PMID: 24070012 DOI: 10.1021/cb4002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proper folding of cellular proteins is assisted by protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. Of the at least 21 PDI family members known in humans, the 57-kDa PDI has been found to be a potential therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, small molecule PDI-targeting inhibitors have been actively pursued in recent years, and thus far, compounds possessing moderate inhibitory activities (IC50 between 0.1 and 100 μM against recombinant PDI) have been discovered. In this article, by using in situ proteome profiling experiments in combination with in vitro PDI enzymatic inhibition assays, we have discovered a phenyl vinyl sulfonate-containing small molecule (P1; shown) as a relatively potent and specific inhibitor of endogenous human PDI in several mammalian cancer cells (e.g., GI50 ∼ 4 μM). It also possesses an IC50 value of 1.7 ± 0.4 μM in an in vitro insulin aggregation assay. Our results indicate P1 is indeed a novel, cell-permeable small molecule PDI inhibitor, and the electrophilic vinyl sulfonate scaffold might serve as a starting point for future development of next-generation PDI inhibitors and probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Lin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Li Min Chong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Biological
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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36
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Su Y, Ge J, Zhu B, Zheng YG, Zhu Q, Yao SQ. Target identification of biologically active small molecules via in situ methods. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:768-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Dunny E, Doherty W, Evans P, Malthouse JPG, Nolan D, Knox AJS. Vinyl Sulfone-Based Peptidomimetics as Anti-Trypanosomal Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological and Computational Evaluation. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6638-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400294w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dunny
- Centre for Synthesis
and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William Doherty
- Centre for Synthesis
and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Evans
- Centre for Synthesis
and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J. Paul G. Malthouse
- Conway Institute,
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Derek Nolan
- School of Biochemistry
and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. S. Knox
- School of Biochemistry
and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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38
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Bossard G, Cuny G, Geiger A. Secreted proteases of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: possible targets for sleeping sickness control? Biofactors 2013; 39:407-14. [PMID: 23553721 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma brucei and belongs to the neglected tropical diseases. Presently, WHO has listed 36 countries as being endemic for sleeping sickness. No vaccine is available, and disease treatment is difficult and has life-threatening side effects. Therefore, there is a crucial need to search for new therapeutic targets against the parasite. Trypanosome excreted-secreted proteins could be promising targets, as the total secretome was shown to inhibit, in vitro, host dendritic cell maturation and their ability to induce lymphocytic allogenic responses. The secretome was found surprisingly rich in various proteins and unexpectedly rich in diverse peptidases, covering more than ten peptidase families or subfamilies. Given their abundance, one may speculate that they would play a genuine role not only in classical "housekeeping" tasks but also in pathogenesis. The paper reviews the deleterious role of proteases from trypanosomes, owing to their capacity to degrade host circulating or structural proteins, as well as proteic hormones, causing severe damage and preventing host immune response. In addition, proteases account for a number of drug targets, such drugs being used to treat severe diseases such AIDS. This review underlines the importance of secreted proteins and especially of secreted proteases as potential targets in HAT-fighting strategies. It points out the need to conduct further investigations on the specific role of each of these various proteases in order to identify those playing a central role in sleeping sickness and would be suitable for drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Bossard
- UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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39
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Löser R, Bergmann R, Frizler M, Mosch B, Dombrowski L, Kuchar M, Steinbach J, Gütschow M, Pietzsch J. Synthesis and radiopharmacological characterisation of a fluorine-18-labelled azadipeptide nitrile as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of cysteine cathepsins. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1330-44. [PMID: 23785011 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A fluorinated cathepsin inhibitor based on the azadipeptide nitrile chemotype was prepared and selected for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development owing to its high affinity for the oncologically relevant cathepsins L, S, K and B. Labelling with fluorine-18 was accomplished in an efficient and reliable two-step, one-pot radiosynthesis by using 2-[(18) F]fluoroethylnosylate as a prosthetic agent. The pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting radiotracer compound were studied in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in normal rats by radiometabolite analysis and small-animal positron emission tomography. These investigations revealed rapid conjugate formation of the tracer with glutathione in the blood, which is associated with slow blood clearance. The potential of the developed (18) F-labelled probe to image tumour-associated cathepsin activity was investigated by dynamic small-animal PET imaging in nude mice bearing tumours derived from the human NCI-H292 lung carcinoma cell line. Computational analysis of the obtained image data indicated the time-dependent accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumours. The expression of the target enzymes in the tumours was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. This indicates that azadipeptide nitriles have the potential to target thiol-dependent cathepsins in vivo despite their disadvantageous pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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40
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Wang Z, Chen S, Lam JWY, Qin W, Kwok RTK, Xie N, Hu Q, Tang BZ. Long-Term Fluorescent Cellular Tracing by the Aggregates of AIE Bioconjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8238-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules,
MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules,
MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Division
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Innovative Research
Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of
Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
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41
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Ettari R, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, Micale N, Pinto A, De Micheli C, Conti P. Inhibition of Rhodesain as a Novel Therapeutic Modality for Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5637-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilenia C. Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del
Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del
Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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42
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Peruzzotti C, Borrelli S, Ventura M, Pantano R, Fumagalli G, Christodoulou MS, Monticelli D, Luzzani M, Fallacara AL, Tintori C, Botta M, Passarella D. Probing the binding site of abl tyrosine kinase using in situ click chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:274-7. [PMID: 24900659 DOI: 10.1021/ml300394w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern combinatorial chemistry is used to discover compounds with desired function by an alternative strategy, in which the biological target is directly involved in the choice of ligands assembled from a pool of smaller fragments. Herein, we present the first experimental result where the use of in situ click chemistry has been successfully applied to probe the ligand-binding site of Abl and the ability of this enzyme to form its inhibitor. Docking studies show that Abl is able to allow the in situ click chemistry between specific azide and alkyne fragments by binding to Abl-active sites. This report allows medicinal chemists to use protein-directed in situ click chemistry for exploring the conformational space of a ligand-binding pocket and the ability of the protein to guide its inhibitor. This approach can be a novel, valuable tool to guide drug design synthesis in the field of tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peruzzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stella Borrelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Micol Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pantano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Damiano Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Alta
Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | | | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico
Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Tintori
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico
Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico
Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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43
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Ottersbach PA, Schmitz J, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. An access to aza-Freidinger lactams and E-locked analogs. Org Lett 2013; 15:448-51. [PMID: 23320486 DOI: 10.1021/ol3030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Freidinger lactams, possessing a peptide bond configuration locked to Z, are important key elements of conformationally restricted peptidomimetics. In the present work, the C(α)H(i+1) unit has been replaced by N, leading to novel aza-Freidinger lactams. A synthesis to corresponding building blocks and their E-locked analogs is introduced. The versatile buildings blocks reported here are expected to serve as useful elements in peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ottersbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Ren XF, Li HW, Fang X, Wu Y, Wang L, Zou S. Highly selective azadipeptide nitrile inhibitors for cathepsin K: design, synthesis and activity assays. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1143-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Frizler M, Mertens MD, Gütschow M. Fluorescent nitrile-based inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7715-8. [PMID: 23122525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins play an important role in many (patho)physiological conditions. Among them, cathepsins L, S, K and B are subjects of several drug discovery programs. Besides their role as drug targets, cysteine cathepsins are additionally considered to be possible biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, biological evaluation and spectral properties of fluorescently labeled dipeptide- and azadipeptide nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Frizler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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46
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Yang P, Wang M, Liu K, Ngai MH, Sheriff O, Lear MJ, Sze SK, He CY, Yao SQ. Parasite‐Based Screening and Proteome Profiling Reveal Orlistat, an FDA‐Approved Drug, as a Potential Anti
Trypanosoma brucei
Agent
[
]. Chemistry 2012; 18:8403-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6779‐1691
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Mun Hong Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6779‐1691
| | - Omar Sheriff
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Martin J. Lear
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6779‐1691
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551 (Singapore)
| | - Cynthia Y. He
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6779‐1691
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