1
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Sarker RK, Zargarian D. Reactions of cyclonickelated complexes with hydroxylamines and TEMPO˙: isolation of new TEMPOH adducts of Ni(II) and their reactivities with nucleophiles and oxidants. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10208-10219. [PMID: 38826045 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This contribution describes a study on the reactivities of the complexes [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-Ar}Ni(μ-Br)]2, 1a-d (Ar: C6H4, a; 3-Cl-C6H3, b; 3-OMe-C6H3, c; 4-OMe-napthalenyl, d), with hydroxylamines in the presence of TEMPO˙ (TEMPO˙ = (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-yl)oxyl). The results of this study showed that treating 1a-d with a mixture of Et2NOH and TEMPO˙ did not afford the desired oxidation-induced functionalization of the Ni-aryl moiety in 1a-d, giving instead the corresponding κO-TEMPOH adducts [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-Ar}Ni(Br)(κO-TEMPOH)], 3a-d (TEMPOH = N-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine). The TEMPOH moiety in these zwitterionic compounds 3 can be displaced by a large excess of acetonitrile (MeCN), 10 equiv. of morpholine, or 1-2 equivalents of imidazole. Although these reactions have given the authenticated products [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-C6H4}Ni(Br)(NCMe)], 4a, [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-C6H4}Ni(Br)(morpholine)], 5a, and [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-C6H4}Ni(imidazole)2]Br, 6a, a few other products were also detected by NMR, indicating that the observed reactivities are far more complex than simple substitution of the TEMPOH moiety. Similarly, treating 3a with AgOC(O)CF3 results in the isolation of [{κP,κC-(i-Pr)2PO-C6H4}Ni{OC(O)CF3}(κO-TEMPOH)], 7a, arising from the substitution of the bromo ligand, whereas spectroscopic evidence suggests further reactivity, possibly including displacement of TEMPOH and oxidative decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Sarker
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Davit Zargarian
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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2
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Xiang G, Wang Y, Lu L, Zhang X, Huang Q. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Indole-Fused Polycyclic Scaffolds via Rhodium-Catalyzed NH-Indole-Directed C-H Coupling of 2-Phenyl-1 H-indoles with Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5589-5605. [PMID: 38576240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis strategy for the efficient assembly of indole-fused polycyclic scaffolds via rhodium-catalyzed NH-indole-directed C-H coupling with propargylic alcohol derivatives in a regioselective manner was developed. Five 2-phenyl-1H-indole-embedded core skeletons were synthesized. In particular, three different indole-fused exo-olefin-containing polycycles were realized, which may be manipulated for further chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiao Xiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Leipeng Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
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3
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Miyakoshi T, Kronenberg D, Tamaki S, Lombardi R, Baudoin O. Studies towards the Enantioselective Synthesis of Cryptowolinol via Pd 0-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H Arylation/Parallel Kinetic Resolution. Org Lett 2024; 26:2923-2927. [PMID: 38567800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We report a model study towards the enantioselective synthesis of the dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid (-)-cryptowolinol. The key step involves a challenging enantioselective Pd0-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation performed with a chiral NHC ligand, which proceeds via parallel kinetic resolution (PKR). A very efficient PKR process was achieved on a deoxygenated model substrate and was successfully transposed to a potential intermediate en route to (-)-cryptowolinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Miyakoshi
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Domenic Kronenberg
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sota Tamaki
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Lombardi
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Ji Y, Liu Y, Guan W, Guo C, Jia H, Hong B, Li H. Enantioselective Divergent Syntheses of Diterpenoid Pyrones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9395-9403. [PMID: 38497763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Capitalizing a synergy between late-stage C(sp3)-H alkynylation and a series of transition metal-catalyzed alkyne functionalization reactions, we reported herein enantioselective divergent synthesis of 10 diterpenoid pyrones within 14-16 steps starting from chiral pool enoxolone, including the first enantioselective synthesis of higginsianins A, B, D, E, and metarhizin C. Our synthesis also highlights an unprecedented biomimetic oxidative rearrangement of α-pyrone into 3(2H)-furanone, as well as applications of Echavarren C(sp3)-H alkynylation reaction and Toste chiral counterion-mediated Au-catalyzed intramolecular allene hydroalkoxylation in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Benke Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Houhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315010, China
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5
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Ju G, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Trialkoxysilane-Induced Iridium-Catalyzed para-Selective C-H Bond Borylation of Arenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2847. [PMID: 38565860 PMCID: PMC10987550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An ideal approach for the construction of aryl boron compounds is to selectively replace a C-H bond in arenes with a C-B bond, and controlling regioselectivity is one of the most challenging aspects of these transformations. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed trialkoxysilane protecting group-assisted regioselective C-H borylation of arenes, including derivatives of benzaldehydes, acetophenones, benzoic acids, benzyl alcohols, phenols, aryl silanes, benzyl silanes, and multi-functionalized aromatic rings are all well tolerated and gave the para -selective C-H borylation products in a short time without the requirement of inert gases atmosphere. The site-selective C-H borylation can be adjustable by installing the developed trialkoxysilane protecting group on different functional groups on one aromatic ring. Importantly, the preparation process of the trialkoxychlorosilane is efficient and scalable. Mechanistic and computational studies reveal that the steric hindrance of the trialkoxysilane protecting group plays a key role in dictating the para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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6
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Das KM, Pal A, Surya T L, Roy L, Thakur A. Cu(II) Promoted C(sp 3 )-H Activation in Unactivated Cycloalkanes: Oxo-Alkylation of Styrenes to Synthesize β-Disubstituted Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303776. [PMID: 38055713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the Cu(II) catalyzed synthesis of β-disubstituted ketones from styrene via oxo-alkylation with unactivated cycloalkanes as the alkylating agent in presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and 1-methylimidazole as oxidant and base respectively. β-disubstituted ketones are known to be synthesized by using either expensive Ru/Ir complexes, or low-cost metal complexes (e. g., Fe, Mn) with activated species like aldehyde, acid, alcohol, or phthalimide derivatives as the alkylating agent, however, use of unactivated cycloalkanes directly as the alkylating agent remains challenging. A wide range of aliphatic C-H substrates as well as various olefinic arenes and heteroarene (35 substrates including 14 new substrates) are well-tolerated in this method. Hammett analysis shed more light on the substitution effect in the olefinic part on the overall mechanism. Furthermore, the controlled experiments, kinetic isotope effect study, and theoretical calculations (DFT) enable us to gain deeper insight of mechanistic intricacies of this new simple and atom-economic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Lakshmi Surya T
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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7
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Jin Y, Hok S, Bacsa J, Dai M. Convergent and Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)-Heilonine Enabled by C-H Functionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1825-1831. [PMID: 38226869 PMCID: PMC10811669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a convergent and efficient total synthesis of the C-nor D-homo steroidal alkaloid (+)-heilonine with a hexacyclic ring system, nine stereocenters, and a trans-hydrindane moiety. Our synthesis features four selective C-H functionalizations to form key C-C bonds and stereocenters, a Stille carbonylative cross-coupling to connect the AB ring system with the DEF ring system, and a Nazarov cyclization to construct the five-membered C ring. These enabling transformations significantly reduced functional group manipulations and delivered (+)-heilonine in 11 or 13 longest linear sequence (LLS) steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sovanneary Hok
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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8
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Chen L, Zhang M, Liu M, Liu Z, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Yu F, Huang J. Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-functionalization/cyclization of 1-aryl-5-aminopyrazoles with iodonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:432-435. [PMID: 38086626 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-C-H bond functionalization/cyclization with iodonium ylide as a single coupling partner was demonstrated, in which fused benzodiazepine skeletons were obtained in excellent yields. This method greatly improved an effective approach to dual C-H unsymmetrical functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Mingshuai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yuetong Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China.
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9
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Kudashev A, Vergura S, Zuccarello M, Bürgi T, Baudoin O. Methylene C(sp 3 )-H Arylation Enables the Stereoselective Synthesis and Structure Revision of Indidene Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316103. [PMID: 37997293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The divergent synthesis of two indane polyketides of the indidene family, namely (±)-indidene A (11 steps, 1.7 %) and (+)-indidene C (13 steps, 1.3 %), is reported. The synthesis of the trans-configured common indane intermediate was enabled by palladium(0)-catalyzed methylene C(sp3 )-H arylation, which was performed in both racemic and enantioselective (e.r. 99 : 1) modes. Further elaboration of this common intermediate by nickel-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling allowed the rapid installation of the aroyl moiety of (±)-indidene A. In parallel, the biphenyl system of (±)- and (+)-indidene C was constructed by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. These investigations led us to revise the structures of indidenes B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kudashev
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Vergura
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- University of Geneva, Department of Physical Chemistry, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Bhavyesh D, Soliya S, Konakanchi R, Begari E, Ashalu KC, Naveen T. The Recent Advances in Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301056. [PMID: 38149480 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of iron as a core metal in catalysis has become a research topic of interest over the last few decades. The reasons are clear. Iron is the most abundant transition metal on Earth's crust and it is widely distributed across the world. It has been extracted and processed since the dawn of civilization. All these features render iron a noncontaminant, biocompatible, nontoxic, and inexpensive metal and therefore it constitutes the perfect candidate to replace noble metals (rhodium, palladium, platinum, iridium, etc.). Moreover, direct C-H functionalization is one of the most efficient strategies by which to introduce new functional groups into small organic molecules. The majority of organic compounds contain C(sp3 )-H bonds. Given the enormous importance of organic molecules in so many aspects of existence, the utilization and bioactivity of C(sp3 )-H bonds are of the utmost importance. This review sheds light on the substrate scope, selectivity, benefits, and limitations of iron catalysts for direct C(sp3 )-H bond activations. An overview of the use of iron catalysis in C(sp3 )-H activation protocols is summarized herein up to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desai Bhavyesh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
| | - Sudha Soliya
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Department of Chemistry, VNR Vignana Jyoti Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - Eeshwaraiah Begari
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Kashamalla Chinna Ashalu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat, 382715, India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
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11
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Yi Y, Xi C. Organo-Photoredox Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Bond Arylation of Aliphatic Amides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301585. [PMID: 38126961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A C(sp3 )-H bond arylation of aliphatic amides has been achieved via organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction could be realized at room temperature with visible light source and metal-free catalyst. Quinuclidine is employed as an efficient HAT reagent and a range of aliphatic amides is employed as both substrate and solvent in the reaction. This photocatalyzed transformation provides a convenient protocol to afford a board range of N-benzyl amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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12
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Vennelakanti V, Li GL, Kulik HJ. Why Nonheme Iron Halogenases Do Not Fluorinate C-H Bonds: A Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19758-19770. [PMID: 37972340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective halogenation is necessary for a range of fine chemical applications, including the development of therapeutic drugs. While synthetic processes to achieve C-H halogenation require harsh conditions, enzymes such as nonheme iron halogenases carry out some types of C-H halogenation, i.e., chlorination or bromination, with ease, while others, i.e., fluorination, have never been observed in natural or engineered nonheme iron enzymes. Using density functional theory and correlated wave function theory, we investigate the differences in structural and energetic preferences of the smaller fluoride and the larger chloride or bromide intermediates throughout the catalytic cycle. Although we find that the energetics of rate-limiting hydrogen atom transfer are not strongly impacted by fluoride substitution, the higher barriers observed during the radical rebound reaction for fluoride relative to chloride and bromide contribute to the difficulty of C-H fluorination. We also investigate the possibility of isomerization playing a role in differences in reaction selectivity, and our calculations reveal crucial differences in terms of isomer energetics of the key ferryl intermediate between fluoride and chloride/bromide intermediates. While formation of monodentate isomers believed to be involved in selective catalysis is shown for chloride and bromide intermediates, we find that formation of the fluoride monodentate intermediate is not possible in our calculations, which lack additional stabilizing interactions with the greater protein environment. Furthermore, the shorter Fe-F bonds are found to increase isomerization reaction barriers, suggesting that incorporation of residues that form a halogen bond with F and elongate Fe-F bonds could make selective C-H fluorination possible in nonheme iron halogenases. Our work highlights the differences between the fluoride and chloride/bromide intermediates and suggests potential steps toward engineering nonheme iron halogenases to enable selective C-H fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Grace L Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Prabhakar Ganesh PSK, Muthuraja P, Gopinath P. Rh(III) Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C-H Activation/[5 + 2] Annulation of Aroyl Hydrazides and Sulfoxonium Ylides: Synthesis of Benzodiazepinones. Org Lett 2023; 25:8361-8366. [PMID: 37963274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the Rh(III) catalyzed redox-neutral C-H activation/[5 + 2] annulation of aroyl hydrazides with sulfoxonium ylides as safe carbene precursors. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and scalability. We demonstrated the synthetic utility of the protocol via the synthesis of various diazepam drug analogues, late-stage functionalization of probenecid drug, and large scale synthesis. Finally, kinetic studies revealed C-H activation as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perumal Muthuraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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14
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Wu YJ, Chen JH, Teng MY, Li X, Jiang TY, Huang FR, Yao QJ, Shi BF. Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Annulation of Benzylamines with Alkynes: Application to the Modular and Asymmetric Syntheses of Bioactive Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24499-24505. [PMID: 38104268 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-H functionalization strategy has revolutionized the logic of natural product synthesis. However, previous applications have heavily relied on the use of noble metal catalysts such as rhodium and palladium. Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of C1-chiral 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) via enantioselective C-H/N-H annulation of picolinamides with alkynes catalyzed by a more sustainable and cheaper 3d metal catalyst, cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate. A wide range of enantiomerically enriched DHIQs were obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and >99% ee). The robustness and synthetic potential of this method were demonstrated by the modular and asymmetric syntheses of several tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, including (S)-norlaudanosine, (S)-laudanosine, (S)-xylopinine, (S)-sebiferine, and (S)-cryptostyline II, and the asymmetric syntheses of key intermediates of (+)-solifenacin, FR115427, and (+)-NPS R-568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming-Ya Teng
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian-Yu Jiang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan-Rui Huang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi-Jun Yao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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15
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Bakanas I, Lusi RF, Wiesler S, Hayward Cooke J, Sarpong R. Strategic application of C-H oxidation in natural product total synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:783-799. [PMID: 37730908 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds has emerged as an effective tactic in natural product synthesis and has altered how chemists approach the synthesis of complex molecules. The use of C-H oxidation methods has simplified the process of synthesis planning by expanding the choice of starting materials, limiting functional group interconversion and protecting group manipulations, and enabling late-stage diversification. In this Review, we propose classifications for C-H oxidations on the basis of their strategic purpose: type 1, which installs functionality that is used to establish the carbon skeleton of the target; type 2, which is used to construct a heterocyclic ring; and type 3, which installs peripheral functional groups. The reactions are further divided based on whether they are directed or undirected. For each classification, examples from recent literature are analysed. Finally, we provide two case studies of syntheses from our laboratory that were streamlined by the judicious use of C-H oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hayward Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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16
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Salameh N, Minio F, Rossini G, Marrocchi A, Vaccaro L. Waste-minimized C(sp3)-H activation for the preparation of fused N-heterocycles. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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17
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Shen SJ, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Gu CH, Yang X, Xu HJ, Hu Y. Cobalt(III)-catalyzed weakly coordinating arylurea-directed regioselective mono-olefination. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:300-305. [PMID: 36514892 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed an air-stable, earth-abundant cobalt(III)-catalyzed regioselective mono-olefination of arenes directed by urea under mild conditions through a cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) process. Under the optimized conditions, a high regioselectivity of mono-olefination was achieved with various electron-rich and electron-deficient arenes, which afforded E-alkenylated products (with yields of up to 90%). In contrast to the conditions used for noble-metal-catalyzed olefination directed by weakly coordinating groups, our reaction was operated under mild conditions, including mild temperature (40 °C) and non-metallic oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cheng-Hao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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18
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Monsigny L, Doche F, Besset T. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation as a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated molecules: an overview. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:448-473. [PMID: 37123090 PMCID: PMC10130906 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the emergence of innovative synthetic tools for the synthesis of fluorinated molecules. Among these approaches, the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of various scaffolds with a panel of fluorinated groups (XRF, X = S, Se, O) offered straightforward access to high value-added compounds. This review will highlight the main advances made in the field with the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of C(sp2) and C(sp3) centers with SCF3, SeCF3, or OCH2CF3 groups among others, by C-H bond activation. The scope and limitations of these transformations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monsigny
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Floriane Doche
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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19
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Choi I, Trenerry MJ, Lee KS, King N, Berry JF, Schomaker JM. Divergent C-H Amidations and Imidations by Tuning Electrochemical Reaction Potentials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201662. [PMID: 36166327 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H functionalizations are attractive transformations, as they are capable of avoiding the use of transition metals, pre-oxidized precursors, or suprastoichiometric amounts of terminal oxidants. Herein an electrochemically tunable method was developed that enabled the divergent formation of cyclic amines or imines by applying different reaction potentials. Detailed cyclic voltammetry analyses, coupled with chronopotentiometry experiments, were carried out to provide insight into the mechanism, while atom economy was assessed through a paired electrolysis. Selective C-H amidations and imidations were achieved to afford five- to seven-membered sulfonamide motifs that could be employed for late-stage modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Trenerry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Ken S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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20
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Phukon J, Jyoti Borah A, Gogoi S. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro Compounds through Activation and Cleavage of C−H Bonds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotshna Phukon
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry Gauhati University Guwahati 781014 India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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21
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Kharitonov VB, Muratov DV, Loginov DA. Cyclopentadienyl complexes of group 9 metals in the total synthesis of natural products. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Garlets ZJ, Boni YT, Sharland JC, Kirby RP, Fu J, Bacsa J, Davies HML. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Extended C 4–Symmetric Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yannick T. Boni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jack C. Sharland
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Randall P. Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiantao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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23
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Boni YT, Cammarota RC, Liao K, Sigman MS, Davies HML. Leveraging Regio- and Stereoselective C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Silyl Ethers to Train a Logistic Regression Classification Model for Predicting Site-Selectivity Bias. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15549-15561. [PMID: 35977100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The C-H functionalization of silyl ethers via carbene-induced C-H insertion represents an efficient synthetic disconnection strategy. In this work, site- and stereoselective C(sp3)-H functionalization at α, γ, δ, and even more distal positions to the siloxy group has been achieved using donor/acceptor carbene intermediates. By exploiting the predilections of Rh2(R-TCPTAD)4 and Rh2(S-2-Cl-5-BrTPCP)4 catalysts to target either more electronically activated or more spatially accessible C-H sites, respectively, divergent desired products can be formed with good diastereocontrol and enantiocontrol. Notably, the reaction can also be extended to enable desymmetrization of meso silyl ethers. Leveraging the broad substrate scope examined in this study, we have trained a machine learning classification model using logistic regression to predict the major C-H functionalization site based on intrinsic substrate reactivity and catalyst propensity for overriding it. This model enables prediction of the major product when applying these C-H functionalization methods to a new substrate of interest. Applying this model broadly, we have demonstrated its utility for guiding late-stage functionalization in complex settings and developed an intuitive visualization tool to assist synthetic chemists in such endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick T Boni
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ryan C Cammarota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kuangbiao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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24
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Dethe DH, Srivastava A, Nirpal AK, Beeralingappa NC, Kumar V, Bhat AA. Diversification of ( E,E)-1,6-Dioxo-2,4-Dienes for the Synthesis of (+)-Aspicillin, Isolaurepan, and β-Parinaric Acid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11021-11030. [PMID: 35921130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A divergent formal synthesis of polyhydroxylated macrocyclic lactone (+)-aspicillin and polyene bioactive natural product β-parinaric acid and the total synthesis of non-terpenoid metabolite isolaurepan have been achieved using a ruthenium-catalyzed stereo- and chemoselective oxidative coupling reaction of easily accessible vinyl ketones and acrylates. The crucial transformation involves the efficient synthesis and functionalization of stereodefined (E,E)-1,6-dioxo-2,4-dienes using simple reaction protocols, which enabled straightforward access to a diverse range of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya H Dethe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Aparna Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Appasaheb K Nirpal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Vimlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arsheed A Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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25
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Rani N, Mazumder S. Why Does an Inert C4–H Bond in Indolyl Aldehyde Get Activated Unexpectedly by a Rh(III) Catalyst over a More Reactive C2–H Bond while the Opposite Is True for Acetophenone? Guidelines for Inverting Regioselectivity. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
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26
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Sarkar T, Shah TA, Maharana PK, Debnath B, Punniyamurthy T. Dual Metallaphotoredox Catalyzed Directed C(sp2)‐H Functionalization: Access to C‐C/C‐Heteroatom Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanumay Sarkar
- IIT Guwahati: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Bijoy Debnath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Chemistry INDIA
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27
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Miller JL, Lawrence JMIA, Rodriguez Del Rey FO, Floreancig PE. Synthetic applications of hydride abstraction reactions by organic oxidants. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5660-5690. [PMID: 35712818 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen bond functionalizations provide an attractive method for streamlining organic synthesis, and many strategies have been developed for conducting these transformations. Hydride-abstracting reactions have emerged as extremely effective methods for oxidative bond-forming processes due to their mild reaction conditions and high chemoselectivity. This review will predominantly focus on the mechanism, reaction development, natural product synthesis applications, approaches to catalysis, and use in enantioselective processes for hydride abstractions by quinone, oxoammonium ion, and carbocation oxidants. These are the most commonly employed hydride-abstracting agents, but recent efforts illustrate the potential for weaker ketone and triaryl borane oxidants, which will be covered at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | - Jean-Marc I A Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | | | - Paul E Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
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28
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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29
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Shahid M, Banakar VB, Ganesh PSKP, Gopinath P. Transition‐metal Catalyzed Remote C(sp3)‐H functionalization of carboxylic acid and its derivative. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shahid
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Chemistry Karkambadi Road 517507 Tirupati INDIA
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30
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Mao Y, Xia Z, Hu L, Zhang Y. Synthesis of naphthalene natural products dehydrocacalohastine and musizin. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Mao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Zhen Xia
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine PHarmacy CHINA
| | - Lihong Hu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy 138 Xianlin Ave, Qixia district 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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31
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Vennelakanti V, Mehmood R, Kulik HJ. Are Vanadium Intermediates Suitable Mimics in Non-Heme Iron Enzymes? An Electronic Structure Analysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rimsha Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Ni SF, Huang G, Chen Y, Wright JS, Li M, Dang L. Recent advances in γ-C(sp3)–H bond activation of amides, aliphatic amines, sulfanilamides and amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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34
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Tan DX, Han FS. The application of C–H bond functionalization in the total syntheses of indole natural products. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in total synthesis of indole natural products focusing on the application of C–H bond functionalization are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Tan
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Fu-She Han
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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35
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Shi Y, Bai W, Mu W, Li J, Yu J, Lian B. Research Progress on Density Functional Theory Study of Palladium-Catalyzed C—H Functionalization to Form C—X (X=O, N, F, I, …) Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Liu B, Romine AM, Rubel CZ, Engle KM, Shi BF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14957-15074. [PMID: 34714620 PMCID: PMC8968411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)-H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as the use of these directing groups has allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such as the requirement for high temperatures, the difficulty in removing or converting directing groups, and, although many metals provide some reactivity, the difficulty in employing metals outside of palladium. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct functionalization of nonactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by covering the literature since 2004 in order to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art methods as well as the current limitations. For clarity, this review has been divided into nine sections by the transition metal catalyst with subdivisions by the type of bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Andrew M. Romine
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Camille Z. Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd., Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,Corresponding Author- (K. M. E.); (B.-F. S.)
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37
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He Y, Wang H, Xu L, Li DY, Ge JH, Feng DF, Feng W, Zou G, Liu PN. Direct Access to Bridged Polycyclic Skeletons by Merging Oxidative C-H Annulation and Cascade [4 + 2] Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2021; 24:121-126. [PMID: 34931834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a step-economic strategy for the direct synthesis of bridged polycyclic skeletons by merging oxidative C-H annulation and cascade cycloaddition. In the protocol, spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-indoline]-2,4-dien-2'-ones were first synthesized by oxidative C-H annulation of ethylideneoxindoles with alkynes. Subsequent cascade [4 + 2] cycloaddition with dienophiles gave the bridged bicyclo[2.2.1]quinolin-2(1H)-ones and enabled the one-pot construction of two quaternary carbon centers and three C-C bonds. Mechanistic investigations of the latter suggest a cascade ring-opening, 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement, and [4 + 2] cycloaddition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ji-Hong Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da-Fu Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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38
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The continuum of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation mechanisms and terminology. Commun Chem 2021; 4:173. [PMID: 36697593 PMCID: PMC9814233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
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39
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Fessner ND, Grimm C, Srdič M, Weber H, Kroutil W, Schwaneberg U, Glieder A. Natural Product Diversification by One‐Step Biocatalysis using Human P450 3A4. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christopher Grimm
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Matic Srdič
- SeSaM-Biotech GmbH Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Bisy GmbH Wuenschendorf 292 Hofstätten an der Raab 8200 Hofstaetten Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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40
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Large B, Prim D. On the Shape and Synthesis of Extended Fluorenones: Recent Advances and Upcoming Challenges. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Large
- University of York Department of Chemistry YO10 5DD York United Kingdom
| | - Damien Prim
- ILV Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS 78035 Versailles France
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41
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C-H activation by immobilized heterogeneous photocatalysts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1563-1572. [PMID: 34784051 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, the merger of photocatalysis with transition metal chemistry has been surfaced as a sustainable tool in modern molecular syntheses. This Account highlights major advances in synergistic photo-enabled C‒H activations. Inspired by our homogenous ruthenium- and copper-catalyzed C‒H activations in the absence of an exogenous photosensitizer, this Account describes the recent progress on heterogeneous photo-induced C‒H activation enabled by immobilized hybrid catalysts until September 2021, with a topical focus on recyclability as well as robustness of the heterogeneous photocatalyst.
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42
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Dong C, Zhao X, Katsuragi Y, Kim H, Hayashi M, Matsubara R. Furoxan Incorporation into C-H Bonds Enabling Nitrogen-Containing Functional Group Installation into the Same. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15807-15817. [PMID: 34657438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A C-C bond forming method was developed, whereby a furoxan ring is incorporated into various types of C-H bonds. The protocol not only offers a concise synthetic route to a variety of alkylated furoxan derivatives but also provides an efficient strategy for the insertion of various nitrogen-containing functional groups into C-H bonds via transformation of the resultant furoxan ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xufeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Katsuragi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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43
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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44
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Gupta A, Kumar J, Rahaman A, Singh AK, Bhadra S. Functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds adjacent to heterocycles catalyzed by earth abundant transition metals. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Singh P, Kumar Chouhan K, Mukherjee A. Ruthenium Catalyzed Intramolecular C-X (X=C, N, O, S) Bond Formation via C-H Functionalization: An Overview. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2392-2412. [PMID: 34251077 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium catalyzed C-H activation is well known for its high tolerance towards the functional group and broad applicability in organic synthesis and molecular sciences, with significant applications in pharmaceutical industries, material sciences, and polymer industry. In the last few decades, enormous progress has been observed with ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation chemistry. Notably, the vast majority of the C-H functionalization known in the literature are intermolecular, although the intramolecular variant provides fascinating new structural facet starting from the simple molecular scaffolds. Intramolecular C-H functionalization is atom economical and step efficient, results in less formation of undesired products which is easy to purify. This has created a lot of interest in organic chemistry in developing new synthetic strategies for such functionalization. The focus of this review is to present the relatively unexplored intramolecular functionalization of C-H bonds into C-X (X=C, N, O, S) bonds utilizing versatile ruthenium catalysts, their scope, and brief mechanistic discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Kishor Kumar Chouhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
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46
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Lam NYS, Wu K, Yu JQ. Advancing the Logic of Chemical Synthesis: C-H Activation as Strategic and Tactical Disconnections for C-C Bond Construction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15767-15790. [PMID: 33073459 PMCID: PMC8177825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design of synthetic routes by retrosynthetic logic is decisively influenced by the transformations available. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has emerged as a powerful strategy for C-C bond formation, with myriad methods developed for diverse substrates and coupling partners. However, its uptake in total synthesis has been tepid, partially due to their apparent synthetic intractability, as well as a lack of comprehensive guidelines for implementation. This Review addresses these issues and offers a guide to identify retrosynthetic opportunities to generate C-C bonds by C-H activation processes. By comparing total syntheses accomplished using traditional approaches and recent C-H activation methods, this Review demonstrates how C-H activation enabled C-C bond construction has led to more efficient retrosynthetic strategies, as well as the execution of previously unattainable tactical maneuvers. Finally, shortcomings of existing processes are highlighted; this Review illustrates how some highlighted total syntheses can be further economized by adopting next-generation ligand-enabled approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y S Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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47
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Naikawadi PK, Mucherla L, Dandela R, Sambari M, Kumar KS. One‐Pot Two‐Step Double Annulation of
N
‐Methoxybenzamides with Alkynes and Alkenes: Regioselective Construction of Isoindolo[2,1‐
b
]isoquinolin‐5(7
H
)‐ones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology IOC-Odisha Campus, Samantpuri Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - Madhavi Sambari
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad 500 007 India
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48
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Youn SW, Cho CG. Transition-metal-catalyzed ortho-selective C-H functionalization reactions of free phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5028-5047. [PMID: 34027964 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenols are important readily available chemical feedstocks and versatile synthetic building blocks for diverse synthetic transformations. Their motifs are prevalent in a diverse array of natural products, pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and privileged chiral ligands. Consequently, the development of facile and direct site-selective C-H bond functionalization of free phenols is of great importance and considerable interest to both industry and academic research. Over the past decades, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization has become as a powerful synthetic tool in organic synthesis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed direct ortho-selective C-H functionalization of free phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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49
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Direct Activation of a Remote C(sp 3 )-H Bond Enabled by a Visible-Light Photosensitized Allene Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12053-12059. [PMID: 33719146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite allene derivatives have been always regarded as a radical accepter in traditional radical chemistry for decades, the reactivity of allene derivatives under excited state in radical chemistry was rarely explored. Herein, we wish to report an example to engage triplet-excited state of allene moiety as hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) partner in the activation of remote sp3 C-H bond via visible-light irradiation under mild reaction conditions with broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance. The reaction mechanism involving the generation of triplet excited state of allene derivative and the subsequent HAT process was supported by deuterium labeling, kinetic analysis experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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50
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Direct Activation of a Remote C(sp
3
)–H Bond Enabled by a Visible‐Light Photosensitized Allene Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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