1
|
Chen R, Neri S, Prins LJ. Enhanced catalytic activity under non-equilibrium conditions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:868-874. [PMID: 32690887 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of non-equilibrium synthetic systems provides access to innovative materials with life-like properties. Non-equilibrium systems require a continuous input of energy to retain their functional state, which makes for a fundamental difference to systems that operate at thermodynamic equilibrium. Kinetic asymmetry in the energy consumption pathway is required to drive systems out of equilibrium. This understanding has permitted chemists to design dissipative synthetic molecular machines and high-energy materials. Here we show that kinetic asymmetry also emerges at the macroscopic level by demonstrating that local energy delivery in the form of light to a hydrogel containing gold nanoparticles installs a non-equilibrium steady state. The instalment and maintenance of the macroscopic non-equilibrium state is facilitated by the gel matrix in which motion is governed by diffusion rather than convection. The non-equilibrium state is characterized by a persistent gradient in the surface composition of the nanoparticles embedded in the gel, which affects the fluorescent and catalytic properties of the system. We show that the overall catalytic performance of the system is enhanced under these non-equilibrium conditions. In perspective it will be possible to develop out-of-equilibrium matrices in which functional properties emerge as a result of spatially controlled energy delivery and spatially controlled chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Serra S, Alouane A, Le Saux T, Huvelle S, Plasson R, Schmidt F, Jullien L, Labruère R. A chemically encoded timer for dual molecular delivery at tailored ranges and concentrations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6396-6399. [PMID: 29872786 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of molecular distribution is much in demand in many fields of chemistry. To address this goal, we exploit a low molecular weight branched self-immolative architecture, which acts as a triggerable chemically encoded timer for autonomous sequential release of two chemicals. Using a light-activated model liberating two distinct fluorophores, we generated a tunable spatially contrasted molecular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Serra
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maltanava HM, Poznyak SK, Andreeva DV, Quevedo MC, Bastos AC, Tedim J, Ferreira MGS, Skorb EV. Light-Induced Proton Pumping with a Semiconductor: Vision for Photoproton Lateral Separation and Robust Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24282-24289. [PMID: 28654237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy-transfer reactions are the key for living open systems, biological chemical networking, and the development of life-inspired nanoscale machineries. It is a challenge to find simple reliable synthetic chemical networks providing a localization of the time-dependent flux of matter. In this paper, we look to photocatalytic reaction on TiO2 from different angles, focusing on proton generation and introducing a reliable, minimal-reagent-consuming, stable inorganic light-promoted proton pump. Localized illumination was applied to a TiO2 surface in solution for reversible spatially controlled "inorganic photoproton" isometric cycling, the lateral separation of water-splitting reactions. The proton flux is pumped during the irradiation of the surface of TiO2 and dynamically maintained at the irradiated surface area in the absence of any membrane or predetermined material structure. Moreover, we spatially predetermine a transient acidic pH value on the TiO2 surface in the irradiated area with the feedback-driven generation of a base as deactivator. Importantly we describe how to effectively monitor the spatial localization of the process by the in situ scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) measurements for pH and the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) for local photoelectrochemical studies without additional pH-sensitive dye markers. This work shows the great potential for time- and space-resolved water-splitting reactions for following the investigation of pH-stimulated processes in open systems with their flexible localization on a surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Maltanava
- The Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University , Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Sergey K Poznyak
- The Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University , Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute of Basic Science Ulsan, National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcela C Quevedo
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Alexandre C Bastos
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João Tedim
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Mário G S Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies (SCAMT), ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Merindol R, Walther A. Materials learning from life: concepts for active, adaptive and autonomous molecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5588-5619. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A broad overview of functional aspects in biological and synthetic out-of-equilibrium systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Merindol
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schäfer K, Ihmels H, Bohne C, Valente KP, Granzhan A. Hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium Ions: Water-Soluble and Solvatochromic Photoacids. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10942-10954. [PMID: 27755869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by photometric and fluorimetric analysis, along with supporting theoretical calculations, that hydroxy-substituted benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives display the characteristic features of organic photoacids. Specifically, the experimental and theoretical results confirm the strong acidity of these compounds in the excited state (pKa* < 0). The combination of the prototropic properties of 8- and 9-hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium with the particular solvent-solute interactions of the excited acid and its conjugate base leads to a pronounced fluorosolvatochromism, hence the emission maxima shift from 468 nm (8-hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium) or 460 nm (9-hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium) in CH3CN to 507 and 553 nm in DMF, respectively. This novel type of photoacid represents several features that may be used for applications as water-soluble fluorescent probes or as a source for the photoinduced supply of acidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry - Biology and Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry - Biology and Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Karolina Papera Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Anton Granzhan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University and Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 , F-91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Möller FM, Kieß M, Braun D. Photochemical Microscale Electrophoresis Allows Fast Quantification of Biomolecule Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5363-70. [PMID: 27042755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intricate spatiotemporal patterns emerge when chemical reactions couple to physical transport. We induce electrophoretic transport by a confined photochemical reaction and use it to infer the binding strength of a second, biomolecular binding reaction under physiological conditions. To this end, we use the photoactive compound 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, which releases a proton upon 375 nm irradiation. The charged photoproducts locally perturb electroneutrality due to differential diffusion, giving rise to an electric potential Φ in the 100 μV range on the micrometer scale. Electrophoresis of biomolecules in this field is counterbalanced by back-diffusion within seconds. The biomolecule concentration is measured by fluorescence and settles proportionally to exp(-μ/D Φ). Typically, binding alters either the diffusion coefficient D or the electrophoretic mobility μ. Hence, the local biomolecule fluorescence directly reflects the binding state. A fit to the law of mass action reveals the dissociation constant of the binding reaction. We apply this approach to quantify the binding of the aptamer TBA15 to its protein target human-α-thrombin and to probe the hybridization of DNA. Dissociation constants in the nanomolar regime were determined and match both results in literature and in control experiments using microscale thermophoresis. As our approach is all-optical, isothermal and requires only nanoliter volumes at nanomolar concentrations, it will allow for the fast screening of biomolecule binding in low volume multiwell formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M Möller
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Michael Kieß
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dieter Braun
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tu Y, Peng F, Adawy A, Men Y, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Wilson DA. Mimicking the Cell: Bio-Inspired Functions of Supramolecular Assemblies. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2023-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alaa Adawy
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yongjun Men
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mattia E, Otto S. Supramolecular systems chemistry. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:111-9. [PMID: 25652169 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The field of supramolecular chemistry focuses on the non-covalent interactions between molecules that give rise to molecular recognition and self-assembly processes. Since most non-covalent interactions are relatively weak and form and break without significant activation barriers, many supramolecular systems are under thermodynamic control. Hence, traditionally, supramolecular chemistry has focused predominantly on systems at equilibrium. However, more recently, self-assembly processes that are governed by kinetics, where the outcome of the assembly process is dictated by the assembly pathway rather than the free energy of the final assembled state, are becoming topical. Within the kinetic regime it is possible to distinguish between systems that reside in a kinetic trap and systems that are far from equilibrium and require a continuous supply of energy to maintain a stationary state. In particular, the latter systems have vast functional potential, as they allow, in principle, for more elaborate structural and functional diversity of self-assembled systems - indeed, life is a prime example of a far-from-equilibrium system. In this Review, we compare the different thermodynamic regimes using some selected examples and discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed when developing new functional supramolecular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Mattia
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie X, Bakker E. Photoelectric Conversion Based on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7857-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Le Saux T, Plasson R, Jullien L. Energy propagation throughout chemical networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6189-95. [PMID: 24681890 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to maintain their metabolism from an energy source, living cells rely on chains of energy transfer involving functionally identified components and organizations. However, propagation of a sustained energy flux through a cascade of reaction cycles has only been recently reproduced at a steady state in simple chemical systems. As observed in living cells, the spontaneous onset of energy-transfer chains notably drives local generation of singular dissipative chemical structures: continuous matter fluxes are dynamically maintained at boundaries between spatially and chemically segregated zones but in the absence of any membrane or predetermined material structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Le Saux
- École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun J, Jia L, Emond M, Li MH, Marie E, Jullien L, Tribet C. Photocontrolled Ionization in the Corona of Rodlike Assemblies of Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402591y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Ecole
Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lin Jia
- Institut
Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, UMR 168 CNRS-IC-UPMC, 26 rue d’Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Emond
- Ecole
Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Institut
Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, UMR 168 CNRS-IC-UPMC, 26 rue d’Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Marie
- Ecole
Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Ecole
Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- Ecole
Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR8640 CNRS-ENS-UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Académie des Sciences Prizes / New Members of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Preise der französischen Akademie der Wissenschaften / Neue Mitglieder der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|