1
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Pan F, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Effect of La 3+ on the Formation of Endohedral Zintl Clusters Featuring In/Bi Shells. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9670-9675. [PMID: 38580311 PMCID: PMC11134487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the interactions of f-block metal ions with p-block polyanions in multinary cluster compounds is becoming increasingly attractive but remains a challenge in terms of both the synthetic approach and the control of the structures that are formed during the syntheses. So far, two types of reactions were dominant for the formation of corresponding clusters: the reaction of binary anions of p-block elements in 1,2-diamino-ethane (en) solutions or the reaction of organobismuth compounds with corresponding f-block metal complexes in THF. Herein, we report the synthesis of [La@In2Bi11]4- (1) and its doubly μ-Bi-bridged analogue in the doubly [K(crypt-222)]+-coordinated {[K(crypt-222)]2[La@In2Bi11](μ-Bi)2[La@In2Bi11]}4- (2) as their [K(crypt-222)]+ salts [K(crypt-222)]41 and [K(crypt-222)]42, respectively, achieved by reactions of [InMes3] and [La(C5Me4H)3] (Mes = mesityl, C5Me4H = tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) with K10Ga3Bi6.65/crypt-222 (crypt-222 = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) in en. In the absence of [La(C5Me4H)3], the otherwise unchanged reactions afford the anions [Bi6(InMes)(InMes2)]3- (3) and [Mes3In-InMes3]2- (4) instead, which can be isolated as their [K(crypt-222)]+ salts [K(crypt-222)]33 and [K(crypt-222)]24·tol (tol = toluene), respectively. The {Bi6} fragment observed in anion 3 is assumed to be one of the key intermediates not only toward the formation of 1 and 2 but also on the way to more general bismuth rich compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design,
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Du J, Cobb PJ, Ding J, Mills DP, Liddle ST. f-Element heavy pnictogen chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 15:13-45. [PMID: 38131077 PMCID: PMC10732230 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, e.g. amides, imides, and nitrides, has become well developed over many decades. In contrast, the corresponding f-element chemisty with the heavier pnictogen analogues phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth has remained significantly underdeveloped, due largely to a lack of suitable synthetic methodologies and also the inherent hard(f-element)-soft(heavier pnictogen) acid-base mismatch, but has begun to flourish in recent years. Here, we review complexes containing chemical bonds between the f-elements and heavy pnictogens from phosphorus to bismuth that spans five decades of endeavour. We focus on complexes whose identity has been unambiguously established by structural authentication by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with respect to their synthesis, characterisation, bonding, and reactivity, in order to provide a representative overview of this burgeoning area. By highlighting that much has been achieved but that there is still much to do this review aims to inspire, focus and guide future efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Junru Ding
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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3
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Zang Y, Wang Y, Sang R, Xu L. Dimeric polybismuth heteroanion of [Rh@Bi 10(RhCO) 5] 2- constructed using Bi 10-bowl and square pyramidal Rh@(Rh-CO) 5. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15935-15939. [PMID: 37843250 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox reaction of the monovalent Rh2(CO)4Cl2 and Binn- (n = 2, 3) from K5Bi4 in ethylenediamine (en) solution produced the decabismuthide-hexarhodium dianion [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]2- (1a) wherein a novel Bi10-bowl was constructed from oxidized 2Bi3/2Bi2 open triangles/dimers, which was stabilized by strong bonding to a reduced Rh@(RhCO)5 square pyramid. Two 1a dianons are held together by weak interactions (van der Waals forces and spatial resistance) to form a dimer [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]24- (1). The structure and bonding of the novel polybismuthide heteroanion 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruili Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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4
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Beuthert K, Weinert B, Wilson RJ, Weigend F, Dehnen S. [M@Sn 14-xSb x] q- (M = La, Ce, or U; x = 6-8; q = 3, 4): Interaction of 4f or 5f Metal Ions with 5p Metal Atoms in Intermetalloid Clusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1885-1890. [PMID: 35639728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of 4f metal ions Ln3+ (Ln = La or Ce) versus 5f metal ions Un+ (n = 3 or 4) on the compositions and distribution of 5p metal atoms in the cluster shells of endohedral species [M@Sn14-xSbx]q- (M = La, Ce, or U; x = 6-8; q = 3, 4) was studied by means of combined experimental and quantum chemical investigations. While all known f-block metal ion-centered endohedral clusters possessed combinations of larger main group metal atoms so far (Sn/Bi or Pb/Bi), resulting in mixtures of 13- and 14-atom cages, the 14-atom cages reported herein comprise exclusively Sn and Sb atoms and therefore are challenged in accommodating the large 4f and 5f ions. We show that the clusters form in reactions of (Sn2Sb2)2- anions with [Ln(C5Me4H)3] or [U(C5Me4H)3Cl], and that salts of [La@Sn6Sb8]3-, [La@Sn7Sb7]4-, [U@Sn8Sb6]4-, and [U@Sn7Sb7]3- can be isolated from them. The assignment of Sn versus Sb in the encapsulating cage follows a simple rule. Different central atoms cause only slight differences in this regard and with respect to distortions of the cluster shells. The reactions also yielded the salt of the new binary anion (Sn4Sb4)2- that was recently predicted by quantum chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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5
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Sinha S, Giri S, Chakraborty A. Exploring an intermolecular Ge/B frustrated Lewis pair from a multicentre Zintl Lewis base. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi 3 ) 2- Anions (Tr=Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210683. [PMID: 36008351 PMCID: PMC9825972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the charge of Zintl anions by (element-)organic substituents allows their use as sources of (semi)metal nanostructures in common organic solvents, as realized for group 15 anions or Ge9 4- and Sn9 4- . We developed a new strategy for other anions, using low-coordinate 3d metal complexes as electrophiles. [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of (TrBi3 )2- anions dissolved in situ in Et2 O and/or THF when reacted with [Mn(hmds)2 ]. Work-up afforded soluble [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (TlBi3 )]2- (in 1), [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (Bi2 )]2- (in 2), and [{(hmds)Mn}4 (Bi2 )2 ]2- (in 3) (crypt-222=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; Tr=Ga, In, Tl; hmds=N(SiMe3 )2 ), representing rare cases of Zintl clusters with open-shell metal atoms. 1 comprises the first coordination compound of the (TlBi3 )2- anion, 2 features a diamond-shaped {Pn2 M2 } unit, and 3 is a mixed-valent MnI /MnII compound. The uncommon electronic structures in 1-3 and magnetic coupling were studied by comprehensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
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7
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi3)2– Anions (Tr = Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | | | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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8
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9
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Zhang WQ, Morgan HWT, McGrady JE, Sun ZM. Synthesis and characterisation of the ternary intermetalloid clusters {M@[As8(ZnMes)4]}3– (M = Nb, Ta) from binary [M@As8]3– precursors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6744-6748. [PMID: 35756517 PMCID: PMC9172560 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of rational synthetic routes to inorganic arsenide compounds is an important goal because these materials are finding applications in many areas of materials science. In this paper, we show that the binary crown clusters [M@As8]3− (M = Nb, Ta) can be used as synthetic precursors which, when combined with ZnMes2, generate ternary intermetalloid clusters with 12-vertex cages, {M@[As8(ZnMes)4]}3− (M = Nb, Ta). Structural studies are complemented by mass spectrometry and an analysis of the electronic structure using DFT. The synthesis of these clusters presents new opportunities for the construction of As-based nanomaterials. Two ternary intermetalloid clusters were constructed through binary intermetalloid clusters with a low valent group 12 metal salt. These clusters represent the first example of the structural transformation for intermetalloid clusters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
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10
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Pan F, Wei S, Guggolz L, Eulenstein AR, Tambornino F, Dehnen S. Insights into Formation and Relationship of Multimetallic Clusters: On the Way toward Bi-Rich Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7176-7188. [PMID: 33905232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth-rich polyanions show a unique potential in constructing nanostructured bismuth-based materials, but they are still poorly investigated. We use a ternary precursor of the nominal composition "K5Ga2Bi4" for the formation of [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of novel Bi-rich polyanions [Bi@Ga8(Bi2)6]q- (q = 3, 5; in 1), (Ga2Bi16)4- (in 2), and [{Ru(cod)}4Bi18]4- (in 3). Their bismuth contents exceed that of the largest homoatomic polyanion, Bi113-. The numbers of bismuth atoms in the anions in 2 and 3 furthermore surmount that of the Bi-richest binary main-group anion, (Ge4Bi14)4-, and they equal (2) or surmount (3) that reported for the anion and the cations with the largest number of Bi atoms so far, [K2Zn20Bi16]6-, [(Bi8)Ru(Bi8)]6+, and [(Bi8)Au(Bi8)]5+. Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from reaction mixtures that contain [La(C5Me4H)3], apparently assisting in the network formation without being included in the products. In the presence of [Ru(cod)(H2CC(Me)CH2)2], yet another reaction pathway leads to the formation of the anions in 3 (conformers 3a and 3b), which are Bi-Bi linked dimers of two "[{Ru(cod)}2Bi9]2-" subunits. They comprise the largest connected assemblies of Bi atoms within one molecule and may be viewed as snapshots on the way toward even larger polybismuthide units and, ultimately, new bismuth modifications. Mass spectrometry allowed insight into the processes in solution that precede the cluster formation. In-depth quantum chemical studies were applied to explain structural peculiarities, stabilities of the observed isomers, and bonding characteristics of these bismuth-rich nanoarchitectures. The work demonstrates the high potential of the method for the access of new Bi-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shangxin Wei
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin R Eulenstein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Qiao L, Chen D, Zhu J, Muñoz-Castro A, Sun ZM. [Bi 6Mo 3(CO) 9] 4-: a multiple local σ-aromatic cluster containing a distorted Bi 6 triangular prism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3656-3659. [PMID: 33724289 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first Zintl cluster containing a distorted Bi6 triangular prism, [Bi6Mo3(CO)9]4-, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Quantum chemical calculations indicated that the distorted cage cluster features multiple local σ-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge x As 4-x ) x- (x=2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au 6 (Ge 3 As)(Ge 2 As 2 ) 3 ] 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16638-16643. [PMID: 32648322 PMCID: PMC7540319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Zintl anion (Ge2 As2 )2- represents an isostructural and isoelectronic binary counterpart of yellow arsenic, yet without being studied with the same intensity so far. Upon introducing [(PPh3 )AuMe] into the 1,2-diaminoethane (en) solution of (Ge2 As2 )2- , the heterometallic cluster anion [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- is obtained as its salt [K(crypt-222)]3 [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]⋅en⋅2 tol (1). The anion represents a rare example of a superpolyhedral Zintl cluster, and it comprises the largest number of Au atoms relative to main group (semi)metal atoms in such clusters. The overall supertetrahedral structure is based on a (non-bonding) octahedron of six Au atoms that is face-capped by four (Gex As4-x )x- (x=2, 3) units. The Au atoms bind to four main group atoms in a rectangular manner, and this way hold the four units together to form this unprecedented architecture. The presence of one (Ge3 As)3- unit besides three (Ge2 As2 )2- units as a consequence of an exchange reaction in solution was verified by detailed quantum chemical (DFT) calculations, which ruled out all other compositions besides [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- . Reactions of the heavier homologues (Tt2 Pn2 )2- (Tt=Sn, Pb; Pn=Sb, Bi) did not yield clusters corresponding to that in 1, but dimers of ternary nine-vertex clusters, {[AuTt5 Pn3 ]2 }4- (in 2-4; Tt/Pn=Sn/Sb, Sn/Bi, Pb/Sb), since the underlying pseudo-tetrahedral units comprising heavier atoms do not tend to undergo the said exchange reactions as readily as (Ge2 As2 )2- , according to the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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13
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge
x
As
4−
x
)
x
−
(
x=
2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au
6
(Ge
3
As)(Ge
2
As
2
)
3
]
3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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14
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Tkachenko NV, Zhang X, Qiao L, Shu C, Steglenko D, Muñoz‐Castro A, Sun Z, Boldyrev AI. Spherical Aromaticity of All‐Metal [Bi@In
8
Bi
12
]
3−/5−
Clusters. Chemistry 2020; 26:2073-2079. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Xiang‐Wen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Lei Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Cong‐Cong Shu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Dmitry Steglenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki Ave. Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Alvaro Muñoz‐Castro
- Grupo de Química InorgánicayMateriales Moleculares Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad Autonoma de Chile El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 Santiago Chile
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki Ave. Rostov-on-Don 344090 Russian Federation
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15
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Peters B, Lichtenberger N, Dornsiepen E, Dehnen S. Current advances in tin cluster chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:16-26. [PMID: 32110355 PMCID: PMC7012043 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes highlights and most recent advances in tin cluster chemistry, thereby addressing the whole diversity of (mostly) discrete units containing tin atoms. Although being a (semi-)metallic element, tin is in the position to occur both in formally positive or negative oxidation states in these molecules, which causes a broad range of fundamentally different properties of the corresponding compounds. Tin(iv) compounds are not as oxophilic and not as prone to hydrolysis as related Si or Ge compounds, hence allowing for easier handling and potential application. Nevertheless, their reactivity is high due to an overall reduction of bond energies, which makes tin clusters interesting candidates for functional compounds. Beside aspects that point towards bioactivity or even medical applications, materials composed of naked or ligand-protected tin clusters, with or without bridging ligands, show interesting optical, and ion/molecule-trapping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Peters
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
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16
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Wilson RJ, Lichtenberger N, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8506-8554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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17
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18
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Mitzinger S, Guggolz L, Massa W, Dehnen S. Evidence for the Existence of (SiP 6
H 2
) 2-
and its Homologs as Examples of Binary Nortricyclane-Type Zintl Anions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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19
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Dehnen S. Materials from binary tetrahedral main group element units. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Lichtenberger N, Franzke YJ, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The Identity of “Ternary” A/Tl/Pb or K/Tl/Bi Solid Mixtures and Binary Zintl Anions Isolated From Their Solutions. Chemistry 2018; 24:12022-12030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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21
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An-Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1332-1336. [PMID: 29232498 PMCID: PMC5814731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation is presented of the compounds [An(TrenDMBS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] and [An(TrenTIPS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] [TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi; An=Th, Pn=P, As; TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri3 )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb; An=Th, Pn=P, As, Sb]. The U-Sb and Th-Sb moieties are unprecedented examples of any kind of An-Sb molecular bond, and the U-Bi bond is the first two-centre-two-electron (2c-2e) one. The Th-Bi combination was too unstable to isolate, underscoring the fragility of these linkages. However, the U-Bi complex is the heaviest 2c-2e pairing of two elements involving an actinide on a macroscopic scale under ambient conditions, and this is exceeded only by An-An pairings prepared under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions. Thermolysis and photolysis experiments suggest that the U-Pn bonds degrade by homolytic bond cleavage, whereas the more redox-robust thorium compounds engage in an acid-base/dehydrocoupling route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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22
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An−Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Wildman
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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23
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Knies M, Kaiser M, Isaeva A, Müller U, Doert T, Ruck M. The Intermetalloid Cluster Cation (CuBi8)3+. Chemistry 2017; 24:127-132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Knies
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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24
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Lichtenberger N, Spang N, Eichhöfer A, Dehnen S. Between Localization and Delocalization: Ru(cod) 2+ Units in the Zintl Clusters [Bi 9 {Ru(cod)} 2 ] 3- and [Tl 2 Bi 6 {Ru(cod)}] 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13253-13258. [PMID: 28834005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [K(crypt-222)]2 (TlBi3 )⋅0.5 en (1 b) with [Ru(cod)(H2 CC(Me)CH2 )2 ] (A) in 1,2-diaminoethane (en) led to the formation of two compounds with new bismuth-rich cluster anions, [K(crypt-222)]3 [Bi9 {Ru(cod)}2 ]⋅1.5 en (2) and [K(crypt-222)]2 [Tl2 Bi6 {Ru(cod)}]⋅2 tol (3), alongside the salt of a binary nido cluster, [K(crypt-222)]3 (Tl4 Bi5 )⋅2 en (4). The anions in 2 and 3 are two further examples of rare heterometallic clusters containing Ru atoms. As one cod ligand is retained on each Ru atom in both clusters, the anions may be viewed as intermediates on the way towards larger, ligand-free intermetalloid clusters. Quantum-chemical studies provided insight into the bonding situation in these clusters. According to these studies, the anion of 2 features both electron-precise and electron-deficient parts. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the clusters undergo stepwise fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruher Institute of Technologie (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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25
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Lichtenberger N, Spang N, Eichhöfer A, Dehnen S. Zwischen Lokalisierung und Delokalisierung: Ru(cod)2+
-Einheiten in den Zintl-Clustern [Bi9
{Ru(cod)}2
]3−
und [Tl2
Bi6
{Ru(cod)}]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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26
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Lichtenberger N, Wilson RJ, Eulenstein AR, Massa W, Clérac R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Main Group Metal-Actinide Magnetic Coupling and Structural Response Upon U(4+) Inclusion Into Bi, Tl/Bi, or Pb/Bi Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9033-6. [PMID: 27392253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of actinide ions in intermetalloid clusters has long been proposed but was never realized synthetically. We report the isolation and experimental, as well as quantum chemical, characterization of the uranium-centered clusters [U@Bi12](3-), [U@Tl2Bi11](3-), [U@Pb7Bi7](3-), and [U@Pb4Bi9](3-), upon reaction of (EE'Bi2)(2-) (E = Ga, Tl, E' = Bi; E = E' = Pb) and [U(C5Me4H)3] or [U(C5Me4H)3Cl] in 1,2-diaminoethane. For [U@Bi12](3-), magnetic susceptibility measurements rationalize an unprecedented antiferromagnetic coupling between a magnetic U(4+) site and a unique radical Bi12(7-) shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin R Eulenstein
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641 , F-33600 Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641 , F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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27
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5531-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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28
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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29
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Abstract
The elucidation of formation mechanisms is mandatory for understanding and planning of synthetic routes. For (bio-)organic and organometallic compounds, this has long been realized even for very complicated molecules, whereas the formation of ligand-free inorganic molecules has widely remained a black box to date. This is due to poor structural relationships between reactants and products and the lack of structurally related intermediates—due to the comparably high coordination flexibility of involved atoms. Here we report on investigations of the stepwise formation of multimetallic clusters, based on a series of crystal structures and complementary quantum-chemical studies of (Ge2As2)2−, (Ge7As2)2−, [Ta@Ge6As4]3−, [Ta@Ge8As4]3− and [Ta@Ge8As6]3−. The study makes use of efficient quantum-chemical tools, enabling the first detailed screening of the energy hypersurface along the formation of ligand-free inorganic species for a semi-quantitative picture. The results can be generalized for an entire family of multimetallic clusters. Elucidation of formation mechanisms of inorganic cluster compounds is challenging due to the high coordination flexibility of the atoms involved. Here, the authors combine crystallographic and quantum-chemical studies to probe the energy hypersurface of a series of multimetallic clusters.
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30
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Pan FX, Xu CQ, Li LJ, Min X, Wang JQ, Li J, Zhai HJ, Sun ZM. A niobium-necked cluster [As3Nb(As3Sn3)]3− with aromatic Sn32−. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3874-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new Zintl cluster [As3Nb(As3Sn3)]3− was synthesized and characterized, in which an As3 triangle and a bowl-type As3Sn3 ligand are bridged by a niobium atom. The Sn3 ring is found to have σ-aromaticity featured by a delocalized Sn–Sn–Sn σ orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lei-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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31
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Binary and Ternary Intermetalloid Clusters. CLUSTERS – CONTEMPORARY INSIGHT IN STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Mitzinger S, Broeckaert L, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. [V@Ge8As4]3− and [Nb@Ge8As6]3−: encapsulation of electron-poor transition metal atoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3866-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The first known M–As–Ge clusters, [V@Ge8As4]3− and [Nb@Ge8As6]3−, exhibit non-deltahedral topologies, with “V5+” being the hardest cation ever embedded in endohedral Zintl anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitzinger
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Lies Broeckaert
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
| | - Werner Massa
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Nanotechnologie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
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33
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Ababei R, Massa W, Weinert B, Pollak P, Xie X, Clérac R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Ionic-Radius-Driven Selection of the Main-Group-Metal Cage for Intermetalloid Clusters [Ln@PbxBi14−x]q−and [Ln@PbyBi13−y]q−(x/q=7/4, 6/3;y/q=4/4, 3/3). Chemistry 2014; 21:386-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Turbervill RSP, Goicoechea JM. From clusters to unorthodox pnictogen sources: solution-phase reactivity of [E7](3-) (E = P-Sb) anions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10807-28. [PMID: 25333632 DOI: 10.1021/cr500387w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S P Turbervill
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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35
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Weinert B, Müller F, Harms K, Clérac R, Dehnen S. Origin and location of electrons and protons during the formation of intermetalloid clusters [Sm@Ga(3-x)H(3-2x)Bi(10+x)](3-) (x = 0, 1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11979-83. [PMID: 25212185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [GaBi3](2-) with [Sm(C5Me4H)3] yielded the first protonated ternary intermetalloid clusters [Sm@Ga(3-x)H(3-2x)Bi(10+x)](3-) (1; x = 0,1). The presence of the Ga-H bonds and the transfer of electrons and protons during the formation of 1 were elucidated by a combination of experimental and quantum chemical methods, thereby rationalizing the role of the solvent ethane-1,2-diamine as a Brønsted acid. As an organic by-product, we observed the previously unknown octamethylfulvene (2) upon C-C coupling of (C5Me4H)(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg (Germany)
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36
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Weinert B, Müller F, Harms K, Clérac R, Dehnen S. Herkunft und Verbleib von Elektronen und Protonen bei der Bildung des intermetalloiden Clusters [Sm@Ga3−xH3−2xBi10+x]3−(x=0, 1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Ganesamoorthy C, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S. Temperature-Dependent Electron Shuffle in Molecular Group 13/15 Intermetallic Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Ganesamoorthy C, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S. Temperature-Dependent Electron Shuffle in Molecular Group 13/15 Intermetallic Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11587-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Weinert B, Eulenstein AR, Ababei R, Dehnen S. Formation of [Bi11]3−, A Homoatomic, Polycyclic Bismuth Polyanion, by Pyridine-Assisted Decomposition of [GaBi3]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4704-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Weinert B, Eulenstein AR, Ababei R, Dehnen S. Bildung eines homoatomaren, polycyclischen Bismut-Polyanions, [Bi11]3−, durch Pyridin-unterstützte Zersetzung von [GaBi3]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Thiele G, Krüger T, Dehnen S. K4[PbSe4]⋅en⋅NH3- eine nicht-oxidische, Halogenid-freie anorganische Blei(IV)-Verbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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K4[PbSe4]⋅en⋅NH3: A Non-Oxide, Non-Halide Inorganic Lead(IV) Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4699-703. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Raupach M, Dehnen S, Tonner R. Quantitative investigation of bonding characteristics in ternary Zintl anions: Charge and energy analysis of [Sn2E152(ZnPh)]−(E15 = Sb, Bi) and [Sn2Sb5(ZnPh)2]3−. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1045-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Raupach
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
- Materials Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
- Materials Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
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44
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Ababei R, Massa W, Harms K, Xie X, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Unusual 14-Electron Fragments [Pd(η3-Bi3−xPbx)](x+1)−as Pseudo Lead Atoms incloso-[Pd@Pd2Pb10Bi6]4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13544-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Ababei R, Massa W, Harms K, Xie X, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Ungewöhnliche 14-Elektronen-Fragmente [Pd(η3-Bi3−xPbx)](x+1)−als Pseudo-Bleiatome incloso-[Pd@Pd2Pb10Bi6]4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Thiele G, Lichtenberger N, Tonner R, Dehnen S. Syntheses, Structures, and Electronic Properties of a New Series of Tellurides of the Type [Sequestered Cation]2(Tex) (x= 1-4). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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