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Abstract
Self-adjuvanting vaccines, covalent conjugates between antigens and adjuvants, are chemically well-defined compared with conventional vaccines formulated through mixing antigens with adjuvants. Innate immune receptor ligands effectively induce acquired immunity through the activation of innate immunity, thereby enhancing host immune responses. Thus, innate immune receptor ligands are often used as adjuvants in self-adjuvanting vaccines. In a self-adjuvanting vaccine, the covalent linkage of antigen and adjuvant enables their simultaneous uptake into immune cells where the adjuvant consequently induces antigen-specific immune responses. Importantly, self-adjuvanting vaccines do not require immobilization to carrier proteins or co-administration of additional adjuvants and thus avoid inducing undesired immune responses. Because of these excellent properties, self-adjuvanting vaccines are expected to be candidates for next-generation vaccines. Here, we take an overview of vaccine adjuvants, mainly focusing on those utilized in self-adjuvanting vaccines and then we review recent reports on self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines.
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Chavda VP, Solanki HK, Davidson M, Apostolopoulos V, Bojarska J. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: A New Hope for Cancer Management. Molecules 2022; 27:7232. [PMID: 36364057 PMCID: PMC9658517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite advances in treatment options for patients. As such, safe and effective therapeutics are required. Short peptides provide advantages to be used in cancer management due to their unique properties, amazing versatility, and progress in biotechnology to overcome peptide limitations. Several appealing peptide-based therapeutic strategies have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of peptide conjugates, the better equivalents of antibody-drug conjugates, as the next generation of drugs for required precise targeting, enhanced cellular permeability, improved drug selectivity, and reduced toxicity for the efficient treatment of cancers. We discuss the basic components of drug conjugates and their release action, including the release of cytotoxins from the linker. We also present peptide-drug conjugates under different stages of clinical development as well as regulatory and other challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Hetvi K. Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Alharbi N, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. The influence of component structural arrangement on peptide vaccine immunogenicity. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108029. [PMID: 36028180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based subunit vaccines utilise minimal immunogenic components (i.e. peptides) to generate highly specific immune responses, without triggering adverse reactions. However, strong adjuvants and/or effective delivery systems must be incorporated into such vaccines, as peptide antigens cannot induce substantial immune responses on their own. Unfortunately, many adjuvants are too weak or too toxic to be used in combination with peptide antigens. These shortcomings have been addressed by the conjugation of peptide antigens with lipidic/ hydrophobic adjuvanting moieties. The conjugates have shown promising safety profiles and improved immunogenicity without the help of traditional adjuvants and have been efficient in inducing desired immune responses following various routes of administration, including subcutaneous, oral and intranasal. However, not only conjugation per se, but also component arrangement influences vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the importance of influence of the vaccine chemical structure modification on the immune responses generated. It discusses a variety of factors that affect the immunogenicity of peptide conjugates, including: i) self-adjuvanting moiety length and number; ii) the orientation of epitopes and self-adjuvanting moieties in the conjugate; iii) the presence of spacers between conjugated components; iv) multiepitopic arrangement; and v) the effect of chirality on vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaa Alharbi
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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4
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Ariawan AD, van Eersel J, Martin AD, Ke YD, Ittner LM. Recent progress in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccine development. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4037-4057. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is a proven way to protect individuals against many infectious diseases, as currently highlighted in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Peptides- or small molecule antigen-based vaccination offer advantages over the...
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5
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Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Gabba A, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Besenius P. The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation-Dependent Immune Response. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3313-3331. [PMID: 34812564 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Stergiou
- Radionuclide Center, Radiology and Nuclear medicine Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085c, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Lipid A-Mediated Bacterial-Host Chemical Ecology: Synthetic Research of Bacterial Lipid As and Their Development as Adjuvants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206294. [PMID: 34684874 PMCID: PMC8538916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial cell surface component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its active principle, lipid A, exhibit immunostimulatory effects and have the potential to act as adjuvants. However, canonical LPS acts as an endotoxin by hyperstimulating the immune response. Therefore, LPS and lipid A must be structurally modified to minimize their toxic effects while maintaining their adjuvant effect for application as vaccine adjuvants. In the field of chemical ecology research, various biological phenomena occurring among organisms are considered molecular interactions. Recently, the hypothesis has been proposed that LPS and lipid A mediate bacterial-host chemical ecology to regulate various host biological phenomena, mainly immunity. Parasitic and symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the host are predicted to possess low-toxicity immunomodulators due to the chemical structural changes of their LPS caused by co-evolution with the host. Studies on the chemical synthesis and functional evaluation of their lipid As have been developed to test this hypothesis and to apply them to low-toxicity and safe adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.F.)
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wan K, Zhou N, Wei G, Su Z. Supramolecular peptide nano-assemblies for cancer diagnosis and therapy: from molecular design to material synthesis and function-specific applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:253. [PMID: 34425823 PMCID: PMC8381530 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide molecule has high bioactivity, good biocompatibility, and excellent biodegradability. In addition, it has adjustable amino acid structure and sequence, which can be flexible designed and tailored to form supramolecular nano-assemblies with specific biomimicking, recognition, and targeting properties via molecular self-assembly. These unique properties of peptide nano-assemblies made it possible for utilizing them for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the motif design, self-assembly synthesis, and functional tailoring of peptide nano-assemblies for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. For this aim, firstly we demonstrate the methodologies on the synthesis of various functional pure and hybrid peptide nano-assemblies, by which the structural and functional tailoring of peptide nano-assemblies are introduced and discussed in detail. Secondly, we present the applications of peptide nano-assemblies for cancer diagnosis applications, including optical and magnetic imaging as well as biosensing of cancer cells. Thirdly, the design of peptide nano-assemblies for enzyme-mediated killing, chemo-therapy, photothermal therapy, and multi-therapy of cancer cells are introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this promising topic are discussed. This work will be useful for readers to understand the methodologies on peptide design and functional tailoring for highly effective, specific, and targeted diagnosis and therapy of cancers, and at the same time it will promote the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy by linking those knowledges in biological science, nanotechnology, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and analytical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Kaur A, Kaushik D, Piplani S, Mehta SK, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. TLR2 Agonistic Small Molecules: Detailed Structure-Activity Relationship, Applications, and Future Prospects. J Med Chem 2020; 64:233-278. [PMID: 33346636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microbial species. Among the various TLRs, TLR2 has a special place due to its ability to sense the widest repertoire of PAMPs owing to its heterodimerization with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity against pathogens. Various scaffolds are reported to activate TLR2, which include naturally occurring lipoproteins, synthetic lipopeptides, and small heterocyclic molecules. We described a detailed SAR in TLR2 agonistic scaffolds and also covered the design and chemistry for the conjugation of TLR2 agonists to antigens, carbohydrates, polymers, and fluorophores. The approaches involved in delivery of TLR2 agonists such as lipidation of antigen, conjugation to polymers, phosphonic acids, and other linkers to achieve surface adsorption, liposomal formulation, and encapsulating nanoparticles are elaborated. The crystal structure analysis and computational modeling are also included with the structural features that facilitate TLR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Surinder K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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9
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Manabe Y, Chang TC, Fukase K. Recent advances in self-adjuvanting glycoconjugate vaccines. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 37:61-71. [PMID: 34895656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional vaccines that are formulated into mixtures of an adjuvant and an antigen, a self-adjuvanting vaccine consists of an antigen that is covalently conjugated to a well-defined adjuvant. In self-adjuvanting vaccines, innate immune receptor ligands are usually used as adjuvants. Innate immune receptor ligands effectively trigger acquired immunity through the activation of innate immunity to enhance host immune responses to antigens. When a self-adjuvanting vaccine is used, immune cells simultaneously uptake the antigen and the adjuvant because they are covalently linked. Consequently, the adjuvant can specifically induce immune responses against the conjugated antigen. Importantly, self-adjuvanting vaccines do not require co-administration of additional adjuvants or immobilization to carrier proteins, which enables avoidance of the use of highly toxic adjuvants or the induction of undesired immune responses. Given these excellent properties, self-adjuvanting vaccines are expected to serve as candidates for the next generation of vaccines. Herein, we review vaccine adjuvants, with a focus on the adjuvants used in self-adjuvanting vaccines, and then overview recent advances made with self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan; Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Tsung-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan; Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan.
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10
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Wang H, Liu Z, An C, Li H, Hu F, Dong S. Self-Assembling Glycopeptide Conjugate as a Versatile Platform for Mimicking Complex Polysaccharides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001264. [PMID: 32832369 PMCID: PMC7435236 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are a class of carbohydrates that play pivotal roles in living systems such as being chemical messengers in many vital biological pathways. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these natural structures have posed daunting challenges on their production, characterization, evaluation, and applications. While there have been various types of synthetic skeletons that could mimic some biological aspects of polysaccharides, a safer and more easily accessed system is still desired to avoid the unnatural components and difficulties in modifying the structures. In this work, conveniently accessible self-assembling glycopeptide conjugates are developed, where the natural O-glycosidic linkages and phosphoryl modifications assist the self-assembly and concurrently reduce the risk of toxicity. The generated nanoparticles in aqueous solution offer a multivalent display of structurally controllable carbohydrates as mimics of polysaccharides, among which a mannosylated version exhibits immunostimulatory effects in both cellular assays and vaccination of mice. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of this glycopeptide conjugate-derived platform in exploiting the intriguing properties of carbohydrates in a more structurally maneuverable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugsand Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugsand Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Chuanjing An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugsand Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Haoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugsand Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyPeking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135)Beijing100044China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugsand Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
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11
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Beckwith DM, Cudic M. Tumor-associated O-glycans of MUC1: Carriers of the glyco-code and targets for cancer vaccine design. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101389. [PMID: 31926647 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. It has frequently been reported that MUC1, the heavily glycosylated cell-surface mucin, is altered in both, expression and glycosylation pattern, in human carcinomas of the epithelium. The presence of incomplete or truncated glycan structures, often capped by sialic acid, commonly known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), play a key role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that expression of TACAs is associated with tumor escape from immune defenses. In this report, we will give an overview of the oncogenic functions of MUC1 that are exerted through TACA interactions with endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These interactions often lead to creation of a pro-tumor microenvironment, favoring tumor progression and metastasis, and tumor evasion. In addition, we will describe current efforts in the design of cancer vaccines with special emphasis on synthetic MUC1 glycopeptide vaccines. Analysis of the key factors that govern structure-based design of immunogenic MUC1 glycopeptide epitopes are described. The role of TACA type, position, and density on observed humoral and cellular immune responses is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donella M Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States.
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12
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Farazi S, Chen F, Foster H, Boquiren R, McAlpine SR, Chapman R. Real time monitoring of peptide delivery in vitro using high payload pH responsive nanogels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pH responsive pMAA nanogel that demonstrates high loading capacity and rapid intracellular delivery of hydrophilic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegufta Farazi
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- UNSW Sydney
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- UNSW Sydney
| | - Henry Foster
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- UNSW Sydney
| | | | | | - Robert Chapman
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- UNSW Sydney
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13
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Marqvorsen MHS, Araman C, van Kasteren SI. Going Native: Synthesis of Glycoproteins and Glycopeptides via Native Linkages To Study Glycan-Specific Roles in the Immune System. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2715-2726. [PMID: 31580646 PMCID: PMC6873266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a myriad of roles in the immune system: Certain glycans can interact with specific immune receptors to kickstart a pro-inflammatory response, whereas other glycans can do precisely the opposite and ameliorate the immune response. Specific glycans and glycoforms can themselves become the targets of the adaptive immune system, leading to potent antiglycan responses that can lead to the killing of altered self- or pathogenic species. This hydra-like set of roles glycans play is of particular importance in cancer immunity, where it influences the anticancer immune response, likely playing pivotal roles in tumor survival or clearance. The complexity of carbohydrate biology requires synthetic access to glycoproteins and glycopeptides that harbor homogeneous glycans allowing the probing of these systems with high precision. One particular complicating factor in this is that these synthetic structures are required to be as close to the native structures as possible, as non-native linkages can themselves elicit immune responses. In this Review, we discuss examples and current strategies for the synthesis of natively linked single glycoforms of peptides and proteins that have enabled researchers to gain new insights into glycoimmunology, with a particular focus on the application of these reagents in cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H. S. Marqvorsen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Immunology Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Immunology Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Immunology Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Bennett NR, Jarvis CM, Alam MM, Zwick DB, Olson JM, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA, Cook ME, Kiessling LL. Modular Polymer Antigens To Optimize Immunity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4370-4379. [PMID: 31609600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines can have excellent safety profiles, but their ability to give rise to robust immune responses is often compromised. For glycan-based vaccines, insufficient understanding of B and T cell epitope combinations that yield optimal immune activation hinders optimization. To determine which antigen features promote desired IgG responses, we synthesized epitope-functionalized polymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and assessed the effect of B and T cell epitope loading. The most robust responses were induced by polymers with a high valency of B and T cell epitopes. Additionally, IgG responses were greater for polymers with T cell epitopes that are readily liberated upon endosomal processing. Combining these criteria, we used ROMP to generate a nontoxic, polymeric antigen that elicited stronger antibody responses than a comparable protein conjugate. These findings highlight principles for designing synthetic antigens that elicit strong IgG responses against inherently weak immune targets such as glycans.
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15
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Ashhurst AS, McDonald DM, Hanna CC, Stanojevic VA, Britton WJ, Payne RJ. Mucosal Vaccination with a Self-Adjuvanted Lipopeptide Is Immunogenic and Protective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8080-8089. [PMID: 31373811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a staggering burden on global public health. Novel preventative tools are desperately needed to reach the targets of the WHO post-2015 End-TB Strategy. Peptide or protein-based subunit vaccines offer potential as safe and effective generators of protection, and enhancement of local pulmonary immunity may be achieved by mucosal delivery. We describe the synthesis of a novel subunit vaccine via native chemical ligation. Two immunogenic epitopes, ESAT61-20 and TB10.43-11 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), were covalently conjugated to the TLR2-ligand Pam2Cys to generate a self-adjuvanting lipopeptide vaccine. When administered mucosally to mice, the vaccine enhanced pulmonary immunogenicity, inducing strong Th17 responses in the lungs and multifunctional peripheral T-lymphocytes. Mucosal, but not peripheral vaccination, provided substantial protection against Mtb infection, emphasizing the importance of delivery route for optimal efficacy.
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16
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Li M, Wang Z, Yan B, Yin X, Zhao Y, Yu F, Meng M, Liu Y, Zhao W. Design of a MUC1-based tricomponent vaccine adjuvanted with FSL-1 for cancer immunotherapy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2073-2077. [PMID: 32133105 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is an attractive target for cancer vaccines as a result of its over-expression and aberrant glycosylation pattern on many tumor cells. However, the low immunogenicity of MUC1 and immune tolerance have limited its application. Herein, we designed MUC1-based tricomponent antitumor vaccines adjuvanted with fibroblast stimulating lipopeptide 1 (FSL-1). Immunological results indicate that the glycosylated tricomponent vaccine candidate has elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. The induced antibodies could effectively bind to MCF-7. Furthermore, the vaccine exhibited an obvious reduction in tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Bocheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiaona Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road , Tianjin , 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China . ;
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17
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang Z. A supramolecular hydrogel to boost the production of antibodies for phosphorylated proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12388-12391. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We reported on a method of using hydrogels to selectively increase the production of antibodies for phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
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18
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McDonald DM, Hanna CC, Ashhurst AS, Corcilius L, Byrne SN, Payne RJ. Synthesis of a Self-Adjuvanting MUC1 Vaccine via Diselenide-Selenoester Ligation-Deselenization. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3279-3285. [PMID: 30359529 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Access to lipopeptide-based vaccines for immunological studies remains a significant challenge owing to the amphipathic nature of the molecules, which makes them difficult to synthesize and purify to homogeneity. Here, we describe the application of a new peptide ligation technology, the diselenide-selenoester ligation (DSL), to access self-adjuvanting glycolipopeptide vaccines. We show that rapid ligation of glyco- and lipopeptides is possible via DSL in mixed organic solvent-aqueous buffer and, when coupled with deselenization chemistry, affords rapid and efficient access to a vaccine candidate possessing a MUC1 glycopeptide epitope and the lipopeptide adjuvant Pam2Cys. This construct was shown to elicit MUC1-specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in the absence of any other injected lipids or adjuvants. The inclusion of the helper T cell epitope PADRE both boosted the antibody response and resulted in elevated cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. McDonald
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Cameron C. Hanna
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Anneliese S. Ashhurst
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Scott N. Byrne
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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19
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Chen Y, Yuan F, Jiang X, Lv Q, Luo N, Gong C, Wang C, Yang L, He G. Discovery of a self-assembling and self-adjuvant lipopeptide as a saccharide-free peptide vaccine targeting EGFRvIII positive cutaneous melanoma. Biomater Sci 2018. [PMID: 29528348 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tumor immunotherapy has achieved great progress in the treatment of hematological and solid neoplasms. The DC vaccines, KLH-conjugated vaccines or glycosylated peptide vaccines can efficiently induce immune responses against tumors. In the current study, we have discovered cholesteryl PADRE-EGFRvIII epitope-conjugated lipopeptide self-assembled micelles as a potential self-adjuvant vaccine against cutaneous melanoma. The lipopeptide vaccines were synthesized using a standard solid phase peptide synthesis method, and these vaccines could elicit both a humoral and a cellular immune response to EGFRvIII positive melanoma cells. Their high humoral immunoreaction stimulation properties in combination with their cytotoxic T-cell eliciting properties provide them with potent tumor inhibitory capacity. In therapeutic and preventive xenograft models of B16-EGFRvIII melanoma cells, the self-adjuvant lipopeptide vaccine micelles efficiently prevented tumor growth as well as tumorigenesis. Our results provide a novel platform for eliciting immune responses to non-antigenic cancer-related epitopes in peptide cancer vaccine discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of breast surgery and Department of dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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20
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Li Q, Guo Z. Recent Advances in Toll Like Receptor-Targeting Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071583. [PMID: 29966261 PMCID: PMC6100623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many malignant cell surface carbohydrates resulting from abnormal glycosylation patterns of certain diseases can serve as antigens for the development of vaccines against these diseases. However, carbohydrate antigens are usually poorly immunogenic by themselves, thus they need to be covalently coupled with immunologically active carrier molecules to be functional. The most well established and commonly used carriers are proteins. In recent years, the use of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to formulate glycoconjugate vaccines has gained significant attention because TLR ligands can serve not only as carrier molecules but also as built-in adjuvants to form fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines, which have several advantages over carbohydrate-protein conjugates and formulated mixtures with external adjuvants. This article reviews recent progresses in the development of conjugate vaccines based on TLR ligands. Two major classes of TLR ligands, lipopeptides and lipid A derivatives will be covered with more focus on monophosohoryl lipid A (MPLA) and related analogs, which are TLR4 ligands demonstrated to be able to provoke T cell-dependent, adaptive immune responses. Corresponding conjugate vaccines have shown promising application potentials to multiple diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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21
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Kowalczyk R, Harris PWR, Williams GM, Yang SH, Brimble MA. Peptide Lipidation - A Synthetic Strategy to Afford Peptide Based Therapeutics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1030:185-227. [PMID: 29081055 PMCID: PMC7121180 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptide and protein aberrant lipidation patterns are often involved in many diseases including cancer and neurological disorders. Peptide lipidation is also a promising strategy to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of peptide-based drugs. Self-adjuvanting peptide-based vaccines commonly utilise the powerful TLR2 agonist PamnCys lipid to stimulate adjuvant activity. The chemical synthesis of lipidated peptides can be challenging hence efficient, flexible and straightforward synthetic routes to access homogeneous lipid-tagged peptides are in high demand. A new technique coined Cysteine Lipidation on a Peptide or Amino acid (CLipPA) uses a 'thiol-ene' reaction between a cysteine and a vinyl ester and offers great promise due to its simplicity, functional group compatibility and selectivity. Herein a brief review of various synthetic strategies to access lipidated peptides, focusing on synthetic methods to incorporate a PamnCys motif into peptides, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Sung-Hyun Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
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22
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Recent progress of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine using TLR agonist as build-in adjuvant. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Hu Y, Beshr G, Garvey CJ, Tabor RF, Titz A, Wilkinson BL. Photoswitchable Janus glycodendrimer micelles as multivalent inhibitors of LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:605-612. [PMID: 28858663 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the self-assembly and lectin binding properties of photoswitchable glycodendrimer micelles is reported. Light-addressable micelles were assembled from a library of 12 amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers composed of variable carbohydrate head groups and hydrophobic tail groups linked to an azobenzene core. Spontaneous association in water gave cylindrical micelles with uniform size distribution as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene dendrimer core was used to probe the self-assembly behaviour and lectin binding properties of cylindrical micelles, revealing moderate-to-potent inhibition of lectins LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ghamdan Beshr
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, the University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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24
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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25
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Zhao G, Chandrudu S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. The application of self-assembled nanostructures in peptide-based subunit vaccine development. Eur Polym J 2017; 93:670-681. [PMID: 32226094 PMCID: PMC7094324 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smaller polymer-peptide conjugates-based nanoparticles are often more immunogenic. Lipid-antigen conjugates-based nanoparticles can interact with immune receptors. Peptides with β-sheet conformation usually form nanofibers. α-Helical and random coil peptides tend to self-assemble into nanoparticles. Peptide-based nanostructures are usually poorer inducers of immune responses.
Peptide based-vaccines are becoming one of the most widely investigated prophylactic and therapeutic health care interventions against a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, the lack of a safe and highly efficient adjuvant (immune stimulant) is regarded as the biggest obstacle to vaccine development. The incorporation of a peptide antigen in a nanostructure-based delivery system was recently shown to overcome this obstacle. Nanostructures are often formed from antigens conjugated to molecules such as polymers, lipids, and peptide, with the help of self-assembly phenomenon. This review describes the application of self-assembly process for the production of peptide-based vaccine candidates and the ability of these nanostructures to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Key Words
- (C18)2, N,N-dioctadecyl succinamic acid
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- BMA, butyl methacrylate
- C16, 2-(R/S)-hexadecanoic acid
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- Conjugation
- CuAAC, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GAS, group A streptococcus
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- IFA, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LCP, lipid core peptide
- Lipopeptide
- Nanofiber
- Nanoparticle
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PADRE, pan DR epitope
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDSMA, pyridyl disulfide methacrylamide
- PEG-PPS, poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized poly(propylene sulfide) core nanoparticle
- Pam2Cys, dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine
- Pam3Cys, tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine
- PbCSP, Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein
- Polymer
- SAP, self-assembling polypeptide
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- Self-assembly
- T-VEC, talimogene laherparepvec
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TLR2, toll-like receptor 2
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- VLP, virus-like particle
- Vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Saranya Chandrudu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Corresponding author at: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Recent advances in self-assembled peptides: Implications for targeted drug delivery and vaccine engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:169-187. [PMID: 27356149 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptides have shown outstanding characteristics for vaccine delivery and drug targeting. Peptide molecules can be rationally designed to self-assemble into specific nanoarchitectures in response to changes in their assembly environment including: pH, temperature, ionic strength, and interactions between host (drug) and guest molecules. The resulting supramolecular nanostructures include nanovesicles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoribbons, and hydrogels and have a diverse range of mechanical and physicochemical properties. These molecules can be designed for cell-specific targeting by including adhesion ligands, receptor recognition ligands, or peptide-based antigens in their design, often in a multivalent display. Depending on their design, self-assembled peptide nanostructures have advantages in biocompatibility, stability against enzymatic degradation, encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, sustained drug release, shear-thinning viscoelastic properties, and/or adjuvanting properties. These molecules can also act as intracellular transporters and respond to changes in the physiological environment. Furthermore, this class of materials has shown sequence- and structure-dependent impacts on the immune system that can be tailored to non-immunogenic for drug targeting, and immunogenic for vaccine delivery. This review explores self-assembled peptide nanostructures (beta sheets, alpha helices, peptide amphiphiles, amino acid pairing, elastin like polypeptides, cyclic peptides, short peptides, Fmoc peptides, and peptide hydrogels) and their application in vaccine delivery and drug targeting.
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27
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Fujita Y, Taguchi H. Nanoparticle-Based Peptide Vaccines. MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 2017. [PMCID: PMC7152328 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-39981-4.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Shi L, Cai H, Huang ZH, Sun ZY, Chen YX, Zhao YF, Kunz H, Li YM. Synthetic MUC1 Antitumor Vaccine Candidates with Varied Glycosylation Pattern BearingR/S-configured Pam3CysSerLys4. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1412-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhi-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhan-Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Horst Kunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and; Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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Abstract
Several modes of vaccine delivery have been developed in the last 25 years, which induce strong immune responses in pre-clinical models and in human clinical trials. Some modes of delivery include, adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide, Ribi formulation, QS21), liposomes, nanoparticles, virus like particles, immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs), dendrimers, viral vectors, DNA delivery via gene gun, electroporation or Biojector 2000, cell penetrating peptides, dendritic cell receptor targeting, toll-like receptors, chemokine receptors and bacterial toxins. There is an enormous amount of information and vaccine delivery methods available for guiding vaccine and immunotherapeutics development against diseases.
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30
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Restuccia A, Fettis MM, Hudalla GA. Glycomaterials for immunomodulation, immunotherapy, and infection prophylaxis. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1569-1585. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate-modified materials that can engage the innate and adaptive immune systems are receiving increasing interest to confer protection against onset of future disease, such as pathogen infection, as well as to treat established diseases, such as autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Restuccia
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Margaret M. Fettis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Gregory A. Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
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31
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Mandal SS, Suryawanshi S, Guo Z. A Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvanting Globo H-Based Vaccine Elicited Strong T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7112-7121. [PMID: 26918109 PMCID: PMC4762603 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on the abnormal glycans expressed on cancer cells, such as the globo H antigen, have witnessed great progress in recent years. For example, the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate of globo H has been on clinical trials as a cancer vaccine. However, such vaccines have intrinsic problems, such as inconsistence in eliciting T cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients and difficult quality control. To address the issue, a structurally defined fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine composed of globo H and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was developed. The new vaccine was shown to elicit robust IgG1 antibody responses and T cell-dependent immunity, which is desired for anticancer vaccine, and induce significantly faster and stronger immune responses than the globo H-KLH conjugate. Moreover, it was self-adjuvanting, namely, inducing immune responses without the use of an external adjuvant, thus MPLA was not only a vaccine carrier but also a build-in adjuvant. It was also found that antibodies induced by the new vaccine could selectively bind to and mediate strong complement-dependent cytotoxicity to globo H-expressing MCF-7 cancer cell. All of the results have demonstrated that the globo H-MPLA conjugate is a better cancer vaccine than the globo H-KLH conjugate under experimental conditions and is worth further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Satadru S. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Sharad Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
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32
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McDonald DM, Byrne SN, Payne RJ. Synthetic self-adjuvanting glycopeptide cancer vaccines. Front Chem 2015; 3:60. [PMID: 26557640 PMCID: PMC4615963 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in glycosyltransferase expression during oncogenesis, the glycoproteins of cancer cells often carry highly truncated carbohydrate chains compared to those on healthy cells. These glycans are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), and are prime targets for use in vaccines for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art in targeting the immune system toward tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens via synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, in which the antigenic and adjuvanting moieties of the vaccines are present in the same molecule. The majority of the self-adjuvanting glycopeptide cancer vaccines reported to date employ antigens from mucin 1, a protein which is highly over-expressed and aberrantly glycosylated in many forms of cancer. The adjuvants used in these vaccines predominantly include lipopeptide- or lipoamino acid-based TLR2 agonists, although studies investigating stimulation of TLR9 and TLR4 are also discussed. Many of these adjuvants are highly lipophilic, and, upon conjugation to antigenic peptides, provide amphiphilic vaccine molecules. The amphiphilic nature of these vaccine constructs can lead to the formation of higher-order structures by vaccines in solution, which are likely to be important for their efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. McDonald
- School of Chemistry, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N. Byrne
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, McGowan S, Payne RJ. Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, McGowan S, Payne RJ. Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12716-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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McIntosh JD, Brimble MA, Brooks AES, Dunbar PR, Kowalczyk R, Tomabechi Y, Fairbanks AJ. Convergent chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides; targeting of putative vaccine candidates to antigen presenting cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4636-4642. [PMID: 28717478 PMCID: PMC5500846 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) catalysed glycosylation is a powerful convergent synthetic method allowing access to glycopeptides bearing full-length N-glycan structures. Mannose-terminated N-glycan oligosaccharides, produced by either total or semi-synthesis, were converted into oxazoline donor substrates. A peptide from the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) tegument protein pp65 that incorporates a well-characterised T cell epitope, containing N-acetylglucosamine at specific Asn residues, was accessed by solid phase peptide synthesis, and used as an acceptor substrate. High-yielding enzymatic glycosylation afforded glycopeptides bearing defined homogeneous high-mannose N-glycan structures. These high-mannose containing glycopeptides were tested for enhanced targeting to human antigen presenting cells (APCs), putatively mediated via the mannose receptor, and for processing by the APCs for presentation to human CD8+ T cells specific for a 9-mer epitope within the peptide. Binding assays showed increased binding of glycopeptides to APCs compared to the non-glycosylated control. Glycopeptides bearing high-mannose N-glycan structures at a single site outside the T cell epitope were processed and presented by the APCs to allow activation of a T cell clone. However, the addition of a second glycan within the T cell epitope resulted in ablation of T cell activation. We conclude that chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides enhances uptake by human APCs while preserving the immunogenicity of peptide epitopes within the glycopeptides, provided those epitopes are not themselves glycosylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Yusuke Tomabechi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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Liu YF, Sun ZY, Chen PG, Huang ZH, Gao Y, Shi L, Zhao YF, Chen YX, Li YM. Glycopeptide Nanoconjugates Based on Multilayer Self-Assembly as an Antitumor Vaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1439-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Yi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Pu-Guang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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Hartmann S, Nuhn L, Palitzsch B, Glaffig M, Stergiou N, Gerlitzki B, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Zentel R. CpG-loaded multifunctional cationic nanohydrogel particles as self-adjuvanting glycopeptide antitumor vaccines. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:522-7. [PMID: 25327631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-adjuvanting antitumor vaccines by multifunctional cationic nanohydrogels loaded with CpG. A conjugate consisting of tumor-associated MUC1-glycopeptide B-cell epitope and tetanus toxin T-cell epitope P2 is linked to cationic nanogels. Oligonucleotide CpG complexation enhances toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulated T-cell proliferation and rapid immune activation. This co-delivery promotes induction of specific MUC1-antibodies binding to human breast tumor cells without external adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Björn Palitzsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus Glaffig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Natascha Stergiou
- University Medical Center - Institute of Immunology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Langenbeckstrasse 1, Geb. 708 55101 Mainz Germany
| | - Bastian Gerlitzki
- University Medical Center - Institute of Immunology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Langenbeckstrasse 1, Geb. 708 55101 Mainz Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- University Medical Center - Institute of Immunology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Langenbeckstrasse 1, Geb. 708 55101 Mainz Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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38
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Ramawat KG, Mérillon JM. Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123674 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their involvement in a variety of different biological processes and their occurrence onto pathogens and malignant cell surface, carbohydrates have been identified as ideal candidates for vaccine formulation. However, as free oligosaccharides are poorly immunogenic and do not induce immunological memory in the most at risk population (infants and young children, elderly and immunocompromised patients), glycoconjugate vaccines containing the same carbohydrate antigen covalently linked to an immunogenic carrier protein have gained a prominent role. Accordingly, a number of glycoconjugate vaccines mostly directed against infections caused by bacterial pathogens have been licensed and are currently available on the market. However, also glycoconjugate vaccines suffer from significant drawbacks. The challenging procedures required for the isolation and purification of the carbohydrate antigen from its natural source often lead to poor homogeneity and presence of biological contaminants, resulting in batch-to-batch variability. Moreover, in some cases, the overwhelming immunogenicity of the carrier protein may induce the carbohydrate epitope suppression, causing hyporesponsiveness. The development of synthetic oligosaccharide-based vaccine candidates, characterized by the presence of pure and well-defined synthetic oligosaccharide structures, is expected to meet the requirement of homogeneous and highly reproducible preparations. In the present chapter, we report on the major advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. First of all, we describe different strategies developed during the last years to circumvent the inherent difficulties of classical oligosaccharide synthesis, such as the one-pot glycosylation and the solid-phase synthesis, and their application to the preparation of carbohydrate antigens apt to conjugation with protein carriers. Next, we discuss the most representative methodologies employed for the chemical ligation of oligosaccharide structures to proteins. Finally, in the last section, we report significant examples of fully synthetic vaccines exploiting the multivalency effect. These constructs are based on the concept that the conjugation of multiple copies of synthetic oligosaccharide antigens to multivalent scaffolds, such as dendrimers, (cyclo)peptides, gold nanoparticles, and calixarenes, raises cooperative interactions between carbohydrates and immune receptors, leading to strong enhancement of the saccharide antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Groupe d’Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Abdel-Aal ABM, Lakshminarayanan V, Thompson P, Supekar N, Bradley JM, Wolfert MA, Cohen PA, Gendler SJ, Boons GJ. Immune and anticancer responses elicited by fully synthetic aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 tripartite vaccines modified by a TLR2 or TLR9 agonist. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1508-13. [PMID: 24890740 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mucin MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated by many epithelial cancer cells manifested by truncated O-linked saccharides. Although tumor-associated MUC1 has generated considerable attention because of its potential for the development of a therapeutic cancer vaccine, it has been difficult to design constructs that consistently induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and ADCC-mediating antibodies specific for the tumor form of MUC1. We have designed, chemically synthesized, and immunologically examined vaccine candidates each composed of a glycopeptide derived from MUC1, a promiscuous Thelper peptide, and a TLR2 (Pam3 CysSK4 ) or TLR9 (CpG-ODN 1826) agonist. It was found that the Pam3 CysSK4 -containing compound elicits more potent antigenic and cellular immune responses, resulting in a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of mammary cancer. It is thus shown, for the first time, that the nature of an inbuilt adjuvant of a tripartite vaccine can significantly impact the quality of immune responses elicited against a tumor-associated glycopeptide. The unique adjuvant properties of Pam3 CysSK4 , which can reduce the suppressive function of regulatory T cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CTLs, are likely responsible for the superior properties of the vaccine candidate 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Baker M Abdel-Aal
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
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40
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Abstract
Adaptive immune responses, characterized by T cells and B cells engaging and responding to specific antigens, can be raised by biomaterials containing proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules. How does one avoid, control, or exploit such responses? This review will discuss major properties and processes that influence biomaterials-directed adaptive immunity, including the physical dimensions of a material, its epitope content, and its multivalency. Selected strategies involving novel biomaterials designs will be discussed to illustrate these points of control. Specific immunological processes that biomaterials are being developed to direct will be highlighted, including minimally inflammatory scaffolds for tissue repair and immunotherapies eliciting desired B cell (antibody) responses, T cell responses, or tolerance. The continuing development of a knowledge base for specifying the strength and phenotype of biomaterials-mediated adaptive immune responses is important, not only for the engineering of better vaccines and immunotherapies, but also for managing immune responses against newer generations of increasingly biological and biomolecular materials in contexts such as tissue repair, tissue engineering, or cell delivery.
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41
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Hudak JE, Bertozzi CR. Glycotherapy: new advances inspire a reemergence of glycans in medicine. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:16-37. [PMID: 24269151 PMCID: PMC4111574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the 20(th) century marked the dawn of modern medicine with glycan-based therapies at the forefront. However, glycans quickly became overshadowed as DNA- and protein-focused treatments became readily accessible. The recent development of new tools and techniques to study and produce structurally defined carbohydrates has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. This review focuses on advances within the past decade that are bringing glycan-based treatments back to the forefront of medicine and the technologies that are driving these efforts. These include the use of glycans themselves as therapeutic molecules as well as engineering protein and cell surface glycans to suit clinical applications. Glycan therapeutics offer a rich and promising frontier for developments in the academic, biopharmaceutical, and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Hudak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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42
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Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_65-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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43
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McDonald DM, Wilkinson BL, Corcilius L, Thaysen-Andersen M, Byrne SN, Payne RJ. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-adjuvanting MUC1-macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 conjugate vaccine candidates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10273-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-adjuvanting cancer vaccine candidates comprising of mucin 1 (MUC1) (glyco)peptides linked to macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP2) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. McDonald
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology
- The University of Sydney
| | | | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | | | - Scott N. Byrne
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
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44
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Simerska P, Christie MP, Goodwin D, Jen FEC, Jennings MP, Toth I. α-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-catalyzed glycosylation of sugar and lipid modified Leu-enkephalins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Nuhn L, Hartmann S, Palitzsch B, Gerlitzki B, Schmitt E, Zentel R, Kunz H. Mit Glycopeptid-Antigenen und T-Zell-Epitopen verknüpfte wasserlösliche Polymere als potenzielle Antitumor-Vakzine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Nuhn L, Hartmann S, Palitzsch B, Gerlitzki B, Schmitt E, Zentel R, Kunz H. Water-soluble polymers coupled with glycopeptide antigens and T-cell epitopes as potential antitumor vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10652-6. [PMID: 24038824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly decorated: Tumor-associated MUC1 glycopeptide and tetanus toxoid T-cell epitope P2 can be attached to water-soluble poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) carriers by orthogonal ligation techniques. Fully synthetic vaccine A with additional nanostructure-promoting domains induced antibodies that exhibit high affinity to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Nuhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
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47
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Gori A, Longhi R, Peri C, Colombo G. Peptides for immunological purposes: design, strategies and applications. Amino Acids 2013; 45:257-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Sheng KC, Day S, Wright MD, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. Enhanced Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses: IFN-Gamma Aids TLR Stimulation. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:516749. [PMID: 23781340 PMCID: PMC3679806 DOI: 10.1155/2013/516749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic maturation and T cell stimulation are two functional attributes of DCs critical for immune induction. The combination of antigens, including those from cancer, with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands induces far superior cellular immune responses compared to antigen alone. In this study, IFN-gamma treatment of bone marrow-derived DC, followed by incubation with the TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 agonists, enhanced DC activation compared to TLR ligation alone. Most notably, the upregulation of CD40 with LPS stimulation and CD86 with CpG stimulation was observed in in vitro cultures. Similarly, IFN-gamma coinjected with TLR ligands was able to promote DC activation in vivo, with DCs migrating from the site of immunization to the popliteal lymph nodes demonstrating increased expression of CD80 and CD86. The heightened DC activation translated to a drastic increase in T cell stimulatory capacity in both antigen independent and antigen dependent fashions. This is the first time that IFN-gamma has been shown to have a combined effect with TLR ligation to enhance DC activation and function. The results demonstrate the novel use of IFN-gamma together with TLR agonists to enhance antigen-specific T cell responses, for applications in the development of enhanced vaccines and drug targets against diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Sheng
- Immunology and Vaccine Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Stephanie Day
- Immunology and Vaccine Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Immunology and Vaccine Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- VA Consulting Services, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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49
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Xiang SD, Wilson K, Day S, Fuchsberger M, Plebanski M. Methods of effective conjugation of antigens to nanoparticles as non-inflammatory vaccine carriers. Methods 2013; 60:232-41. [PMID: 23643867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently become clear that nanoparticle size is a major determinant for how antigen presenting cells (APCs), and specifically dendritic cells (DC) recognize and handle particles, and hence a critical parameter for the formulation of particulate vaccines that aim to induce immunity by targeting DC. Our previous studies in mice and sheep have shown polystyrene nanoparticles of 40-50 nm (PSNPs) with covalently bound antigen offer a new class of vaccines, which contain only 2 elements, antigen and particle, and no added inflammatory stimuli, but evoke very potent combined CD8 T cell and antibody responses. Herein we have optimized the methods for antigen conjugation to PSNPs to controllably promote a single antigen (protein or peptide) layer coating on the nanoparticle. Surprisingly, these nanovaccines not only continued to induce high levels of CD8 T cells in vivo, but were further more potent antibody inducers than nanoparticles containing multiple antigen layers. Addressing the issue of antigen loading on PSNPs, we found an optimal range, above or below which immunogenicity is changed either for antibodies or CD8 T cells. The mechanism behind the induction of high levels of CD8 T cells was further explored by assessing the DC subset that takes up the PSNPs in vivo, and these were found to be preferentially CD8(+) CD11c(+) DC in the lymph node draining the injection site. Since the levels of induced antibodies were highly elevated, and CD8(+) DC do not traditionally induce antibodies, we further sought to find if, despite no detectable inflammation at the injection site, the PSNPs may perhaps induce inflammatory cytokines locally in the lymph node after injection, or systemically in sera, resulting in an adjuvant effect. The initial findings presented herein show no detectable induction of the key inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 or IL-6, suggesting a novel "non-inflammatory" adjuvant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, 89 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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50
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Cai H, Chen MS, Sun ZY, Zhao YF, Kunz H, Li YM. MUC1-Glycopeptidkonjugate mit T-Zellepitopen von Tetanus-Toxoid als vollsynthetische Antitumor-Vakzine mit Eigenverstärkungseffekt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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