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Suzuki S, Yamaguchi D, Uchida Y, Naota T. Hysteretic Control of Near‐infrared Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8284-8288. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Daiki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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2
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Suzuki S, Yamaguchi D, Uchida Y, Naota T. Hysteretic Control of Near‐infrared Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Daiki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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3
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Sasaki Y, Takase M, Mori S, Uno H. Synthesis and Properties of NitroHPHAC: The First Example of Substitution Reaction on HPHAC. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112486. [PMID: 32471200 PMCID: PMC7321187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (HPHAC) is one of the N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in which six pyrroles are fused circularly around a benzene. Despite the recent development of HPHAC analogues, there is no report on direct introduction of functional groups into the HPHAC skeleton. This work reports the first example of nitration reaction of decaethylHPHAC. The structures of nitrodecaethylHPHAC including neutral and two oxidized species (radical cation and dication), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, and global aromaticity of the dication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-89-927-9612 (M.T.); +81-89-927-9610 (H.U.)
| | | | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-89-927-9612 (M.T.); +81-89-927-9610 (H.U.)
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4
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Kumar R, Maity DK. Structure, stability and spectral properties of seleno[ n]helicenes ( n = 1–10). NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most stable structures of seleno[n]helicenes (n = 3–10) are flexible and helical in nature. The excited state results show that many of the seleno[n]helicene radical cations have strong absorption bands in the IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Training School Complex
- Anushaktinagar
- Mumbai-400094
- India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maity
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Training School Complex
- Anushaktinagar
- Mumbai-400094
- India
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5
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Narita M, Teraoka T, Murafuji T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Mori S, Uno H, Kanegawa S, Sato O, Goto K, Tani F. An Azulene-Based Chiral Helicene and Its Air-Stable Cation Radical. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Narita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Teraoka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenta Goto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Suzuki S, Maya R, Uchida Y, Naota T. Strategy for Stimuli-Induced Spin Control Using a Liquescent Radical Cation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10031-10035. [PMID: 31460095 PMCID: PMC6648313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A liquescent salt based on an N-pentylphenothiazine radical cation (1 •+ ·NTf 2 - ) exhibited a unique crystal-crystal phase transition from a paramagnetic orange solid to a diamagnetic green solid induced by brief, weak, and pinpoint mechanostress. Electron spin resonance and electronic spectroscopies revealed that this unprecedented solid-state spin controllability was attributable to mechanostress-triggered sequential association of the highly mobile radical species occurring under neat conditions.
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7
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Akahane T, Takase M, Mazaki Y, Nishinaga T. π-Dimerization ability of conjugated oligomer dication diradicaloids composed of dithienylpyrrole and benzodithiophene units. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Akahane
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo Japan
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8
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Nishinaga T, Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Matsuda K, Suzuki S, Okada K. Radical Cation π‐Dimers of Conjugated Oligomers as Molecular Wires: An Analysis Based on Nitronyl Nitroxide Spin Labels. Chemistry 2018; 24:11717-11728. [PMID: 29797611 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Present Address: Division of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka City University Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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9
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Nagura K, Inoue R, Takai A, Sugiyasu K, Takeuchi M. “π-Figuration” for Controlling Stacking of π-Conjugated Molecules and Polymers. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science
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10
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Okino K, Hira S, Inoue Y, Sakamaki D, Seki S. The Divergent Dimerization Behavior of N-Substituted Dicyanomethyl Radicals: Dynamically Stabilized versus Stable Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okino
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shota Hira
- Nada High School; Kobe Hyogo 658-0082 Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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11
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Okino K, Hira S, Inoue Y, Sakamaki D, Seki S. The Divergent Dimerization Behavior of N-Substituted Dicyanomethyl Radicals: Dynamically Stabilized versus Stable Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16597-16601. [PMID: 29125667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that the dimerization behavior of amine-substituted dicyanomethyl radicals can be switched from σ- to π-dimerization simply by varying the electron-donating substituents. For dicyanomethyl radicals with a 4,4'-ditolylamine (DT. ) or a phenothiazine (PT. ) substituent, the monomeric radical form and the corresponding dimer connected by a reversible C-C bond (σ-dimer) are in equilibrium in solution. On the other hand, the radical with the julolidine skeleton (JD. ) does not undergo σ-dimerization and was isolated as a stable radical in spite of the absence of bulky protecting groups. X-ray single-crystal analysis revealed that JD. forms the π-dimer in the crystalline state, and variable-temperature spectroscopy showed that JD. is in equilibrium with the π-dimer in toluene solution. DFT calculations point to the importance of electrostatic interactions as a driving force for the π-dimerization of JD. because of its polarized structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shota Hira
- Nada High School, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0082, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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12
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Kurata R, Sakamaki D, Uebe M, Kinoshita M, Iwanaga T, Matsumoto T, Ito A. Isolable Triradical Trication of Hexaaza[16]paracyclophane with Embedded 9,10-Anthrylenes: A Frustrated Three-Spin System. Org Lett 2017; 19:4371-4374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kurata
- Department of Molecular
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Uebe
- Department of Molecular
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Matsubara-cho 3-9-12, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Nishinaga T, Sotome Y. Stable Radical Cations and Their π-Dimers Prepared from Ethylene- and Propylene-3,4-dioxythiophene Co-oligomers: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. J Org Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-oligomers composed of two 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units and two or three 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) units, i.e., 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt, were newly synthesized together with the ProDOT trimer 3PMe. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry, the gaps between the first and second oxidation potentials (ΔE1-2) of 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt were found to be larger than that of the previously synthesized ProDOT tetramer 4PHex. These co-oligomers gave the fairly stable radical cations 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ by chemical oxidation with AgSbF6. The disproportionation of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ into neutral and dicationic species, which was observed for 4PHex•+, was inhibited in accord with the larger ΔE1-2. Additionally, the formation of the π-dimers (3PMe)22+, (2E2PEt)22+, and (2E3PE)22+ was clearly observed in dichloromethane solution at low temperatures with UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the π-dimerization enthalpies of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ were greater than that of 3PMe•+, suggesting the formation of fully π-contacted structures. The structures of the π-dimers were optimized at the B97D3 method, and the calculated absorption spectra of the π-dimers obtained using TD-DFT methods were in reasonable agreement with the observed ones, supporting the reliability of the calculated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotome
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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14
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Hasegawa M, Kobayakawa K, Matsuzawa H, Nishinaga T, Hirose T, Sako K, Mazaki Y. Macrocyclic Oligothiophene with Stereogenic [2.2]Paracyclophane Scaffolds: Chiroptical Properties from π-Transannular Interactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:3267-3271. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kobayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Hideyo Matsuzawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuya Sako
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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15
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Fukui N, Cha W, Shimizu D, Oh J, Furukawa K, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrins and their remarkably stable radical cations. Chem Sci 2016; 8:189-199. [PMID: 28451165 PMCID: PMC5308406 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative fusion of a meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin at high temperature gave a doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrin as a highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrin. One-electron oxidation of the corresponding β,β-dichlorinated compound gave a remarkably stable radical cation.
Oxidative fusion reactions of meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin were found to be temperature dependent, giving rise to either a doubly phenylene-fused product at room temperature or a singly phenoxazine-fused product at 70 °C. The latter was further oxidized to a doubly phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin, which was subsequently converted to the corresponding free base porphyrin and Zn(ii) porphyrin. Compared to previously reported diphenylamine-fused porphyrins that displayed a molecular twist, doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrins exhibited distinctly different properties owing to their highly planar structures, such as larger fluorescence quantum yields, formation of an offset face-to-face dimer both in solution and the solid state, and the generation of a mixed-valence π-radical cation dimer upon electrochemical oxidation. One-electron oxidation of the phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin with Magic Blue gave the corresponding radical cation, which was certainly stable and could be isolated by separation over a silica gel column but slowly chlorinated at the reactive β-positions in the solid state. This finding led to us to examine β,β′-dichlorinated phenoxazine-fused and diphenylamine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrins, which, upon treatment with Magic Blue, provided remarkably stable radical cations to an unprecedented level. It is actually possible to purify these radical cations by silica gel chromatography, and they can be stored for over 6 months without any sign of deterioration. Moreover, they exhibited no degradation even after the CH2Cl2 solution was washed with water. However, subtle structural differences (planar versus partly twisted) led to different crystal packing structures and solid-state magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis , Niigata University , Nishi-ku , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan .
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
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16
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Ie Y, Aso Y. Design and Development of New Functional Units towards Single-Molecule Electronics. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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17
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Asai K, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. A cyclic octithiophene containing β,β'-linkages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6096-9. [PMID: 25744219 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic octithiophene containing two β,β'-linkages was synthesized. Due to the large structural change in the excited state, this compound exhibited bathochromically shifted fluorescence. It also showed a small difference between the first and second oxidation potentials, indicative of spin delocalization through the β,β'-linkage in the one electron-oxidized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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18
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Ie Y, Okamoto Y, Tone S, Aso Y. Synthesis, Properties, and π-Dimer Formation of Oligothiophenes Partially Bearing Orthogonally Fused Fluorene Units. Chemistry 2015; 21:16688-95. [PMID: 26407071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligothiophenes that incorporate cyclopenta[c]thiophene-based units bearing spiro-substituted dialkylfluorene was synthesized. Photophysical measurements indicated that there was no interruption in the conjugation along the oligothiophene backbones, irrespective of the number or position of this unit. Electrochemical measurements showed that the thiophene 7-mers and 11-mer exhibit reversible multi-oxidation waves. The formation of cationic species was clearly observed from UV/Vis/NIR measurements. Furthermore, the UV/Vis/NIR spectra at 223 K under one-electron oxidation conditions revealed that the unsubstituted thiophene or bithiophene units remained in the absence of intermolecular π-π interactions, whereas the formation of π-dimeric species was observed for the thiophene 7-mer containing an unsubstituted terthiophene (U3 ) unit. Theoretical calculations indicated that the combination of the U3 unit and the all-trans conformation decreased the intermolecular steric repulsion between the fused cyclopentene ring and its facing thiophene, which may contribute to the formation of the dimeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan).
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan)
| | - Saori Tone
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan)
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan).
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19
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Pan C, Zhao C, Takeuchi M, Sugiyasu K. Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers Sheathed with Designer Side Chains. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1820-35. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Pan
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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20
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Fumanal M, Capdevila-Cortada M, Ribas-Arino J, Novoa JJ. Electronic excitation energies in dimers between radical ions presenting long, multicenter bonding. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:2651-60. [PMID: 26575562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of long, multicenter dimers between radical ions is usually monitored through UV-vis spectroscopy given the characteristic low-energy absorption band that they exhibit, not observed for the parent monomers. In this work, the performance of CASPT2, RASPT2, and TD-DFT methods for obtaining excitation energies of the long, multicenter bonded π-[TCNE]2(2-) and π-[TTF]2(2+) dimers has been addressed (TCNE = tetracyanoethylene; TTF = tetrathiafulvalene). The impact of the active space on the vertical electronic transitions computed at the RASPT2 and CASPT2 levels has been tested against experimentally observed absorption bands. Analogous tests have been carried out for a wide variety of density functionals within the TD-DFT formalism. Our calculations show that whereas CASPT2 predicts very accurate excitation energies for the π-[TCNE]2(2-), the mean absolute error for π-[TTF]2(2+) is higher for CASPT2 than for TD-DFT calculations, whenever pure density functionals or low % HF exchange hybrid functionals are used. Hybrid functionals with high % HF exchange (and thus RSH functionals) conduct to large errors on the excitation energies in both dimers. Furthermore, vertical electronic transitions are also obtained for 100 configurations extracted from a 45 ps molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulation aimed at providing an accurate description of the thermal fluctuation effects of a π-[TCNE]2(2-) dimer in dichloromethane. These thermal effects explain the shape of the experimental UV-vis spectrum, where the lowest HOMO → LUMO absorption presents a broad band and the following HOMO-1 → LUMO absorption exhibits a narrower band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Capdevila-Cortada
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Arino
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Novoa
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Mayorga Burrezo P, Pelado B, Ponce Ortiz R, De la Cruz P, López Navarrete JT, Langa F, Casado J. Robust ethylenedioxythiophene-vinylene oligomers from fragile thiophene-vinylene cores: synthesis and optical, chemical and electrochemical properties of multicharged shapes. Chemistry 2015; 21:1713-25. [PMID: 25410712 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligomers of ethylendioxythiophene-vinylene have been prepared. Their optical, electrochemical and chemical properties have been studied in detail by absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry, Raman techniques and spectroelectrochemistry complemented with quantum chemical calculations. A comparison with their non-ethylendioxy and non-vinylene parents has been done. The inclusion of the EDO plus the vinylene function generates more robust electronic ground states regarding the largely flexible thiophene-vinylene (n TV) oligomeric homologues. The redox features of the new compounds are also rich of oxidative processes arising as an interesting stabilising balance effect between the oxygen fragment in the EDO groups (mesomeric effect) and the linear π-conjugated structure. The oxidised species have been characterised, which show the ability for the formation of mixed valence charge-transfer complexes and π dimers of different oxidation states, in particular, in the electrochemical medium, resulting that the electrochemical response is accounted for a succession of aggregation and electron-transfer steps. With this work, a full understanding of the optical and electronic properties of these new oligomers in the context of the oligomer approach has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, ANDALUCIA TECH, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga (Spain)
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22
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Sen CP, Valiyaveettil S. Synthesis and structure–property investigation of multi-arm oligothiophenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of soluble 3D-oligothiophenes with different conjugation lengths are synthesized and characterized. Physical properties and formation of charge transfer complexes of oligothiophenes with Hg(ii) ions and TCNQ are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Ping Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- 3 Science Drive 3
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore-117543
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry
- 3 Science Drive 3
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore-117543
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23
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Abstract
Needless to say, the discovery of hinokitiol with its "unconventional" aromaticity by Professor Tetsuo Nozoe is one of the most important achievements in organic chemistry in the last century. The essence of this "non-benzenoid" aromaticity in hinokitiol is of course that of tropolone, and it is further related to the aromaticity of tropone and the tropylium ion, i.e., the cycloheptatrienyl cation. In this account, details of the study conducted by the author's group, particularly on the synthesis and properties of tropylium ion derivatives with various unique structures pursuing the ultimately high carbocation stability, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Komatsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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24
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Zhang DW, Tian J, Chen L, Zhang L, Li ZT. Dimerization of Conjugated Radical Cations: An Emerging Non-Covalent Interaction for Self-Assembly. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:56-68. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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26
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Ferrón CC, Capdevila-Cortada M, Balster R, Hartl F, Niu W, He M, Novoa JJ, López Navarrete JT, Hernández V, Ruiz Delgado MC. Multistep π Dimerization of Tetrakis(n-decyl)heptathienoacene Radical Cations: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2014; 20:10351-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Inubushi H, Hattori Y, Yamanoi Y, Nishihara H. Structures and Optical Properties of Tris(trimethylsilyl)silylated Oligothiophene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2974-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Inubushi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Hattori
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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28
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Iyoda M, Tanaka K, Shimizu H, Hasegawa M, Nishinaga T, Nishiuchi T, Kunugi Y, Ishida T, Otani H, Sato H, Inukai K, Tahara K, Tobe Y. Multifunctional π-expanded macrocyclic oligothiophene 6-mers and related macrocyclic oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2389-96. [PMID: 24428352 DOI: 10.1021/ja4101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional π-expanded macrocyclic oligothiophene 6-mer 1, as well as 9- (2) and 12-mers (3), was synthesized using a McMurry coupling reaction as the key step. The 6-mer 1 was converted to cyclo[6](2,5-thienylene-ethynylene) (4) by using a bromination-dehydrobromination procedure. From X-ray analysis, the crystal structures of nonplanar 1 and round-shaped 2 and 4 were elucidated. STM showed that 4 formed a self-assembled monolayer at the liquid/solid interface to produce a hexagonal porous network. Chemical oxidation of 1, 2, and 4 with 1 and 2 equiv of Fe(ClO4)3 produced 1(•+) and 1(2+), 2(•+) and 2(2+), and 4(•+) and 4(2+), respectively. Although oligothiophene radical cations containing β,β-disubstituted thiophenes usually do not form π-dimers, 4(•+) clearly formed a π-dimer owing to its planar, round shape. As for the dications of 1, 2, and 4, 1(2+), which has 34π-electrons, exhibited a large diatropic ring current effect, whereas 34π dication 4(2+) only showed a medium diatropic ring current effect. In contrast to 1(2+) and 4(2+), 52π dication 2(2+) had biradical cationic character instead of Hückel-type cyclic conjugation. Interestingly, 6-mer 1 showed polymorphism and unusual melting point behavior due to the number of stable conformations in the solid state. Single crystals of 1 melted at 176 °C, whereas an amorphous film of 1 crystallized in the temperature range of 80-83 °C to form a lamellarly stacked microcrystalline film, which melted at 139 °C. The polymorphism of 1 was applied to either fluorescence switching or switching of field effect transistor (FET) activity and electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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29
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Capdevila-Cortada M, Ribas-Arino J, Novoa JJ. Assessing the Performance of CASPT2 and DFT Methods for the Description of Long, Multicenter Bonding in Dimers between Radical Ions. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:650-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Capdevila-Cortada
- Departament de Química
Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Arino
- Departament de Química
Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Novoa
- Departament de Química
Física and IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Djukic B, Lough AJ, Seferos DS. A Highly Electron-Deficient Analogue of Aniline, Soluble Oligomers, and Their Redox Properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9340-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Djukic
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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31
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Nishinaga T, Kageyama T, Koizumi M, Ando K, Takase M, Iyoda M. Effect of Substituents on the Structure, Stability, and π-Dimerization of Dithienylpyrrole Radical Cations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9205-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401453s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takuya Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahide Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ando
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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