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Stackpole BJ, Fredericksen JM, Brasch NE. Exploring the potential of the vitamin B 12 derivative azidocobalamin to undergo Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112504. [PMID: 38412777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in using the metalloprotein cofactor vitamin B12 as a vehicle to deliver drugs and diagnostic agents into mammalian or bacterial cells by exploiting the B12-specific active uptake pathways. Conjugation of the cargo via the β-axial site or the 5'-OH of the ribose of the nucleotide are the most desirable sites, to maximise intracellular uptake. Herein we show the potential of conjugation at the beta-azido ligand of the vitamin B12 derivative azidocobalamin via a click-type azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (Huisgen cycloaddition) reaction. Reacting azidocobalamin with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate at 40 °C results in essentially stoichiometric conversion of azidocobalamin to the corresponding triazolato complex. The stability of the complex as a function of pH and in the presence of cyanide were investigated. The complex is stable in pD 7.0 phosphate buffer for 24 h. The rate of beta-axial ligand substitution was found to be one order of magnitude slower for the triazolatocobalamin complex compared with azidocobalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Stackpole
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jessica M Fredericksen
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicola E Brasch
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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2
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Müller VVL, Simpson PV, Peng K, Basu U, Moreth D, Nagel C, Türck S, Oehninger L, Ott I, Schatzschneider U. Taming the Biological Activity of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Triazolato "Protective" Groups: 1H, 77Se Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Crystallographic Model Studies with Selenocysteine to Elucidate Differential Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16203-16214. [PMID: 37713601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes toward three different cancer cell lines as well as inhibition of selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was modulated in an unexpected way by the introduction of triazolate as a "protective group" to the inner metal coordination sphere using the iClick reaction of [M(N3)(terpy)]PF6 [M = Pd(II) or Pt(II) and terpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine] with an electron-poor alkyne. In a cell proliferation assay using A549, HT-29, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines, the palladium compound was significantly more potent than the isostructural platinum analogue and exhibited submicromolar activity on the most responsive cell line. This difference was also reflected in the inhibitory efficiency toward TrxR with IC50 values of 0.1 versus 5.4 μM for the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes, respectively. UV/Vis kinetic studies revealed that the Pt compound binds to selenocysteine faster than to cysteine [k = (22.9 ± 0.2)·10-3 vs (7.1 ± 0.2)·10-3 s-1]. Selective triazolato ligand exchange of the title compounds with cysteine (Hcys) and selenocysteine (Hsec)─but not histidine (His) and 9-ethylguanine (9EtG)─was confirmed by 1H, 77Se, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of three of the four ligand exchange products were obtained, including [Pt(sec)(terpy)]PF6 as the first metal complex of selenocysteine to be structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V L Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nagel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luciano Oehninger
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Moreth D, Hörner G, Müller VVL, Geyer L, Schatzschneider U. Isostructural Series of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) Azido Complexes with a N^C^N Pincer Ligand to Elucidate Trends in the iClick Reaction Kinetics and Structural Parameters of the Triazolato Products. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16000-16012. [PMID: 37728290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An isoelectronic and isostructural series of cyclometalated azido complexes [M(N3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) based on the N^C^N pincer ligand 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)phenide (dpb) was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and investigated for reactivity in the iClick reaction with a wide range of internal and terminal alkynes by using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Reaction rate constants were found to increase with greater charge density in the order Ni(II) > Pd(II) > Pt(II) > Au(III). Terminal alkynes R-C≡C-R' with strongly electron-withdrawing groups R and R' exhibited faster kinetics than those with electron-donating substituents in the order CF3 > ketone > ester > H > phenyl ≫ amide, while R = CH3 resulted in complete loss of reactivity. Four symmetrical triazolato complexes [M(triazolatoCOOCH3,COOCH3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) as well as four nonsymmetrically substituted triazolato complexes [Pt(triazolatoR,R')(dpb)] originating from terminal and internal alkynes were shown by X-ray crystal structure analysis to exclusively feature N2-coordination of the five-membered ring ligand. However, the Pt(II) triazolato complexes exist as a mixture of N1- and N2-coordinated species in solution. Torsion angles between the mean planes of the N^C^N pincer and the triazolato ligand increase from a nearly coplanar to a perpendicular arrangement when going from Au(III)/Pt(II)/Pd(II) to Ni(II), while different substituents R and R' on the alkyne have no influence on the torsion angle and were rationalized by DFT calculations. Finally, a carbohydrate derivative obtained by glucuronic acid conjugation to methyl propiolate demonstrates the facile biofunctionalization of metal complexes via the iClick reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Victoria V L Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Geyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Yang ES, Mapp A, Taylor A, Beer PD, Goicoechea JM. Cyaphide-Azide 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Scope and Applicability. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301648. [PMID: 37338223 PMCID: PMC10946888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Several examples of the cyaphide-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to afford metallo-triazaphospholes are reported. The gold(I) triazaphospholes Au(IDipp)(CPN3 R) (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; R=t Bu, Ad, Dipp), magnesium(II) triazaphospholes, {Mg(Dipp NacNac)(CPN3 R)}2 (Dipp NacNac=CH{C(CH3 )N(Dipp)}2 , Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl; R=t Bu, Bn), and germanium(II) triazaphosphole Ge(Dipp NacNac)-(CPN3 t Bu) can be prepared straightforwardly, under mild conditions and in good yields, in a manner reminiscent of the classic alkyne-azide click reaction (albeit without a catalyst). This reactivity can be extended to compounds with two azide functional groups such as 1,3-diazidobenzene. It is shown that the resulting metallo-triazaphospholes can be used as precursors to carbon-functionalized species, including protio- and iodo-triazaphospholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Rd.OxfordOX1 3TAU.K.
| | - Alex Mapp
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Rd.OxfordOX1 3TAU.K.
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Rd.OxfordOX1 3TAU.K.
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Rd.OxfordOX1 3TAU.K.
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryIndiana University800 E. Kirkwood Ave.BloomingtonIN-47405USA
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5
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene Platinum-Butadiyne Click/iClick Complexes. Towards Blue-Violet Phosphorescence. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Görlich T, Frost DS, Boback N, Coles NT, Dittrich B, Müller P, Jones WD, Müller C. Photochemical C( sp)-C( sp2) Bond Activation in Phosphaalkynes: A New Route to Reactive Terminal Cyaphido Complexes L nM-C≡P. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19365-19373. [PMID: 34757730 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical activation of the C(sp)-C(sp2) bond in Pt(0)-η2-aryl-phosphaalkyne complexes leads selectively to coordination compounds of the type LnPt(aryl)(C≡P). The oxidative addition reaction is a novel, clean, and atom-economic route for the synthesis of reactive terminal Pt(II)-cyaphido complexes, which can undergo [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with organic azides, yielding the corresponding Pt(II)-triazaphospholato complexes. The C-C bond cleavage reaction is thermodynamically uphill. Upon heating, the reverse and quantitative reductive elimination toward the Pt(0)-phosphaalkyne-π-complex is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Görlich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel S Frost
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Boback
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Peter Müller
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - William D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Amini H, Weisbach N, Gauthier S, Kuhn H, Bhuvanesh N, Hampel F, Reibenspies JH, Gladysz JA. Trapping of Terminal Platinapolyynes by Copper(I) Catalyzed Click Cycloadditions; Probes of Labile Intermediates in Syntheses of Complexes with Extended sp Carbon Chains, and Crystallographic Studies. Chemistry 2021; 27:12619-12634. [PMID: 34101914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The silylated hexatriynyl complex trans-(C6 F5 )(p-tol3 P)2 Pt(C≡C)3 SiEt3 (PtC6 TES) is converted in situ to PtC6 H (wet n-Bu4 N+ F- , THF) and cross coupled with the diyne H(C≡C)2 SiEt3 (HC4 TES; CuCl/TMEDA, O2 ) to give PtC10 TES (71 %). This sequence is repeated twice to afford PtC14 TES (65 %) and then PtC18 TES (27 %). An analogous series of reactions starting with PtC8 TES gives PtC12 TES (60 %), then PtC16 TES (43 %), and then PtC20 TES (17 %). Similar cross couplings with H(C≡C)2 Si(i-Pr)3 (HC4 TIPS) give PtC12 TIPS (68 %), PtC14 TIPS (68 %), and PtC16 TIPS (34 %). The trialkylsilyl species (up to PtC18 TES) are converted to 3+2 "click" cycloadducts or 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles trans-(C6 F5 )(p-tol3 P)2 Pt(C≡C)n-1 C=CHN(CH2 C6 H5 )N=N (29-92 % after workups). The most general procedure involves generating the terminal polyynes PtCx H (wet n-Bu4 N+ F- , THF) in the presence of benzyl azide in DMF and aqueous CuSO4 /ascorbic acid. All of the preceding complexes are crystallographically characterized and the structural and spectroscopic properties analyzed as a function of chain length. Two pseudopolymorphs of PtC20 TES are obtained, both of which feature molecules with parallel sp carbon chains in a pairwise head/tail packing motif with extensive sp/sp van der Waals contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Nancy Weisbach
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Helene Kuhn
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
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8
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Mahadari MK, Tague AJ, Keller PA, Pyne SG. Synthesis of sterically congested 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles using chloromagnesium acetylides and hindered 1-naphthyl azides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Celik IE, Kirsch SF. Reactivity of Organic Geminal Diazides at Tetrahedral Carbons. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Celik
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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10
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Spectroscopic and antimicrobial activity of photoactivatable tricarbonyl Mn(I) terpyridine compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Borghi F, Çelik IE, Biallas P, Mittendorf F, Kirsch SF. Expanding the Versatile Reactivity of Diazido Malonic Acid Esters and Amides: Decarboxylation and Imine Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Borghi
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ibrahim E. Çelik
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Fabia Mittendorf
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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12
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Peng K, Einsele R, Irmler P, Winter RF, Schatzschneider U. The iClick Reaction of a BODIPY Platinum(II) Azido Complex with Electron-Poor Alkynes Provides Triazolate Complexes with Good 1O2 Sensitization Efficiency. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Einsele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Irmler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Dhameja
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Hariom Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
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14
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Beto CC, Zeman CJ, Yang Y, Bullock JD, Holt ED, Kane AQ, Makal TA, Yang X, Ghiviriga I, Schanze KS, Veige AS. An Application Exploiting Aurophilic Bonding and iClick to Produce White Light Emitting Materials. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1893-1904. [PMID: 31961144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper focuses on exploiting aurophilic bonding to produce white light emitting materials. Inorganic Click (iClick) is employed to link two or four Au(I) metal ions through a triazolate bridge. Depending on the choice of phosphine ligand (PEt3 or PPh3), dinuclear Au2-FO or tetranuclear Au4-FO complexes can be controllably synthesized (FO = 2-(9,9-dioctylfluoreneyl-)). The iClick products Au2-FO and Au4-FO are characterized by combustion analysis and multinuclear NMR, TOCSY 1D, 1H-13C gHMBC, and 1H-13C gHSQC. In addition, the photophysical properties of Au2-FO and Au4-FO were examined in THF solution. Transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to elucidate the excited state features of the gold compounds. Solution processed OLEDs were fabricated and characterized, which gave white light electroluminescence with CIE coordinates (0.34, 0.36), as seen referenced to CIE standard illuminant D65 (0.31, 0.32). TDDFT computational analysis of Au2-FO and Au4-FO reveals the origin of light emission. In the case of Au4-FO, direct excitation leads to increased aurophilic bonding in the excited state, and as a result the emission profile is broadened to cover a larger region of the visible spectrum, thus giving white light emission. Designing molecules that can access or increase aurophilic bonding in the excited state provides another tool for fine-tuning the emission profiles of gold complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Beto
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Yajing Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - James D Bullock
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Ethan D Holt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Alexander Q Kane
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Trevor A Makal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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15
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Heravi MM, Dehghani M, Zadsirjan V, Ghanbarian M. Alkynes as Privileged Synthons in Selected Organic Name Reactions. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:205-243. [PMID: 31975673 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190126100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkynes are actually basic chemicals, serving as privileged synthons for planning new organic reactions for assemblage of a reactive motif, which easily undergoes a further desirable transformation. Name reactions, in organic chemistry are referred to those reactions which are well-recognized and reached to such status for being called as their explorers, discoverers or developers. Alkynes have been used in various name reactions. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of alkynes as privileged synthons in prevalent name reactions such as Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddtion via Click reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and Hetero Diels-Alder reaction. OBJECTIVE In this review, we try to underscore the applications of alkynes as privileged synthons in the formation of heterocycles, focused on the selected reactions of alkynes as a synthon or impending utilization in synthetic organic chemistry, which have reached such high status for being included in the list of name reactions in organic chemistry. CONCLUSION Alkynes (including acetylene) are an unsaturated hydrocarbon bearing one or more triple C-C bond. Remarkably, alkynes and their derivatives are frequently being used as molecular scaffolds for planning new organic reactions and installing reactive functional group for further reaction. It is worth mentioning that in general, the terminal alkynes are more useful and more frequently being used in the art of organic synthesis. Remarkably, alkynes have found different applications in pharmacology, nanotechnology, as well as being known as appropriate starting precursors for the total synthesis of natural products and biologically active complex compounds. They are predominantly applied in various name reactions such as Sonogashira, Glaser reaction, Friedel-crafts reaction, Castro-Stephens coupling, Huisgen 1.3-dipolar cycloaddtion reaction via Click reaction, Sonogashira reaction, hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. In this review, we tried to impress the readers by presenting selected name reactions, which use the alkynes as either stating materials or precursors. We disclosed the applications of alkynes as a privileged synthons in several popular reactions, which reached to such high status being classified as name reactions. They are thriving and well known and established name reactions in organic chemistry such as Regioselective, 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddtion reaction via Click reaction, Sonogashira reaction and Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Dehghani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijheh Ghanbarian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mansour AM, Shehab OR, Radacki K. Role of Sulfonate Appendage in the Protein Binding Affinity of Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II)(η6
-p
-Cym) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Mansour
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Gamma Street, Giza 12613 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ola R. Shehab
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Gamma Street, Giza 12613 Cairo Egypt
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Faculty of Science; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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17
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Salmain M, Fischer-Durand N, Rudolf B. Bioorthogonal Conjugation of Transition Organometallic Complexes to Peptides and Proteins: Strategies and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Lodz; 91-403 Lodz Poland
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18
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Kumar R, Ujjval R, Thirupathi N. Half Sandwich Electron Deficient
N
,
N′
,
N′′
‐Triarylguanidinatoruthenium(II) Complexes: Syntheses, Reactivity Studies, and Structural Aspects. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India
| | - Rishabh Ujjval
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India
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19
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Zhang X, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Transition-metal-free regioselective construction of 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles through dehydrative cycloaddition of alcohols with aryl azides mediated by SO 2F 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2845-2848. [PMID: 30768105 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and practical method for mild, efficient, cost-effective and regioselective synthesis of highly valuable 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles was achieved through dehydrative annulation of readily available alcohols with aryl azides. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, without any metal catalysts, exhibiting excellent compatibility to a large variety of functional groups (>50 examples), resulting in up to quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Sharma P, Vallabhapurapu SV, Ho WH, Hemmaragala NM. Novel synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolines catalysed by Zepto magnetic microspheres under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The novel reactor has been designed to perform chemical reactions under the influence of a magnetic field generated by alternating magnetic poles as a function of time. The system was successfully employed to synthesize a series of 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolines via the regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between alkyl/aryl azides and nitroolefins catalysed by Zepto (para magnetic ultra-blue carboxy functionalized) microspheres (bead diameter 2.5 μm). All of the reactions went smoothly without any adverse effect on nitro, cyano, thienyl, hydroxy, halogens, and ether functions at 25 ± 2 °C and afforded 82%–99% pure products at a magnetic field of 18.99 mT and an exposure time of 180–240 min. The influence of the magnetic force exerted on the magnetic materials was found to enhance the catalytic activity of microspheres. The catalyst could easily be separated by simple centrifugation, which could be reused for at least 15 runs with no loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
| | - Srinivasu V. Vallabhapurapu
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
| | - Wei H. Ho
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
| | - Nanjundaswamy M. Hemmaragala
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg-1709, South Africa
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21
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Sánchez-Sordo I, Díez J, Lastra E, Gamasa MP. Synthesis of Iridium Tetrazolato, Triazolinato, and Triazolato Complexes by [3+2] Cycloaddition of Iridium(III) Azido Complexes with Unsaturated Nitriles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Sordo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Josefina Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Elena Lastra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Gamasa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
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22
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Yao K, Bertran A, Morgan J, Hare SM, Rees NH, Kenwright AM, Edkins K, Bowen AM, Farrer NJ. A novel Pt(iv) mono azido mono triazolato complex evolves azidyl radicals following irradiation with visible light. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6416-6420. [PMID: 31012460 PMCID: PMC6984332 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel PtIV azido triazolato complex exists as an equilibrium between two species in d3-MeCN and evolves azide radicals (but not hydroxide radicals) when irradiated with visible light.
The platinum(iv) azido complex trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (1) undergoes cycloaddition with 1,4-diphenyl-2-butyne-1,4-dione (2) under mild, catalyst-free conditions, affording a number of mono and bis click products. The major mono click product (3) exists in MeCN as an equilibrium mixture between two species; 3a and 3b rapidly interconvert through nucleophilic attack of the axial Pt–OH group at the adjacent Ph–CO group. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for this interconversion have been measured by selective saturation-transfer NMR spectroscopic experiments and are consistent with cyclisation at the Pt centre. Complex 3b was also characterised by X-ray crystallography. Visible light irradiation (440–480 nm) of 3 in d3-MeCN produces azidyl radicals (N3˙), as demonstrated by EPR spin-trapping with DMPO; no generation of hydroxyl radicals was observed. 1H–195Pt HMBC NMR confirmed that the photoproducts were PtIV rather than PtII species, and HPLC was consistent with these being [3–N3]+ species; no facile photoejection of the triazolato ligand was observed, consistent with MS/MS fragmentation of 3. When 3 was irradiated in the presence of 5′-GMP, no 5′-GMP photoproducts were observed, suggesting that complex 3 is likely to exhibit significantly simplified biological activity (release of azidyl radicals but not DNA binding) compared with complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezi Yao
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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23
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Re He Man XJAT, Liu YC, Li XX, Zhao ZG. Highly N2-selective allylation of NH-1,2,3-triazoles with allenamides mediated by N-iodosuccinimide. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new protocol to synthesize N2-allyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles via NIS mediated allylation of allenamides with NH-1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia Ai Ti Re He Man
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Chun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Gang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
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24
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Schmid P, Maier M, Pfeiffer H, Belz A, Henry L, Friedrich A, Schönfeld F, Edkins K, Schatzschneider U. Catalyst-free room-temperature iClick reaction of molybdenum(ii) and tungsten(ii) azide complexes with electron-poor alkynes: structural preferences and kinetic studies. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13386-13396. [PMID: 28933494 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two isostructural and isoelectronic group VI azide complexes of the general formula [M(η3-allyl)(N3)(bpy)(CO)2] with M = Mo, W and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine were prepared and fully characterized, including X-ray structure analysis. Both reacted smoothly with electron-poor alkynes such as dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butynoic acid ethyl ester in a catalyst-free room-temperature iClick [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Reaction with phenyl(trifluoromethyl)acetylene, on the other hand, did not lead to any product formation. X-ray structures of the four triazolate complexes isolated showed the monodentate ligand to be N2-coordinated in all cases, which requires a 1,2-shift of the nitrogen from the terminal azide to the triazolate cycloaddition product. On the other hand, a 19F NMR spectroscopic study of the reaction of the fluorinated alkyne with the tungsten azide complex at 27 °C allowed detection of the N1-coordinated intermediate. With this method, the second-order rate constant was determined as (7.3 ± 0.1) × 10-2 M-1 s-1, which compares favorably with that of first-generation compounds such as difluorocyclooctyne (DIFO) used in the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). In contrast, the reaction of the molybdenum analogue was too fast to be studied with NMR methods. Alternatively, solution IR studies revealed pseudo-first order rate constants of 0.4 to 6.5 × 10-3 s-1, which increased in the order of Mo > W and F3C-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-COOEt > DMAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schmid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Kumar R, Kishan R, Thomas JM, Chinnappan S, Thirupathi N. Probing the factors that influence the conformation of a guanidinato ligand in [(η5-C5Me5)M(NN)X] (NN = chelating N,N′,N′′-tri(o-substituted aryl)guanidinate(1−); X = chloro, azido and triazolato). NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformational difference illustrated is ascribed to a subtle repulsive interaction between the o-Cl substituent of two proximal aryl rings in the guanidinate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
| | - Ram Kishan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
| | - Jisha Mary Thomas
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University (A Central University)
- Puducherry 605014
- India
| | - Sivasankar Chinnappan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University (A Central University)
- Puducherry 605014
- India
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26
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Quadri CC, Lalrempuia R, Hessevik J, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E. Structural Characterization of Tridentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Titanium(IV) Benzyloxide, Silyloxide, Acetate, and Azide Complexes and Assessment of Their Efficacies for Catalyzing the Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO2. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie C. Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Hessevik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
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27
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Sumoge Y, Nanbu S, Nagao H. Reactions of Azides Coordinated to Ruthenium(II) Centers with Haloalkanes To Afford Nitrogen‐Containing Moieties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sumoge
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinkoh Nanbu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nagao
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
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28
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de Salinas SM, Díez J, Gamasa MP, Lastra E. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Rhodium(III) Azido Complexes with Alkynes and Nitriles. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez de Salinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julian Claveria, 8. 33006 OVIEDO SPAIN
| | - Josefina Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julian Claveria, 8. 33006 OVIEDO SPAIN
| | - M. Pilar Gamasa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julian Claveria, 8. 33006 OVIEDO SPAIN
| | - Elena Lastra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julian Claveria, 8. 33006 OVIEDO SPAIN
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29
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Giner EA, Gómez-Gallego M, Casarrubios L, de la Torre MC, Ramírez de Arellano C, Sierra MA. Effect of a κ1-Bonded-M-1,2,3-triazole (M = Co, Ru) on the Structure and Reactivity of Group 6 Alkoxy (Fischer) Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2801-2811. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Giner
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez de Arellano
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), E-46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sanchez A, Otero A, Rodríguez AM, de la Torre MC, Sierra MA. An Efficient and Tunable Route to Bis(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methane-Based Nitrogen Compounds. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Bruce MI, Burgun A, George J, Nicholson BK, Parker CR, Skelton BW, Scoleri N, Sumby CJ, Zaitseva NN. Some reactions of azides with diynyl-bis(phosphine)ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl complexes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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A metal free aqueous route to 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolylated monofuranosides and difuranosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Fehlhammer WP, Beck W. Azide Chemistry - An Inorganic Perspective, Part II[‡][3+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Metal Azides and Related Systems. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Simpson PV, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Schatzschneider U. An iridium N-heterocyclic carbene complex [IrCl(CO)2(NHC)] as a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM). J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Synthesis and characterization of three new photo-luminescent cadmium(II) complexes with azide: Variation in molecular structures with changes in the denticity of blocking ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Wang JM, Yu SB, Li ZM, Wang QR, Li ZT. Mechanism of samarium-catalyzed 1,5-regioselective azide-alkyne [3 + 2]-cycloaddition: a quantum mechanical investigation. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1359-68. [PMID: 25642804 DOI: 10.1021/jp5104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the samarium-catalyzed 1,5-regioselective azide-alkyne [3 + 2]-cycloaddition (SmAAC) reaction has been examined with quantum mechanical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory with ECP51MWB on Sm. Four stepwise pathways were located, with two leading to the 5-endocyclic 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole product PSmL2 (paths 1 and 2) and the other two to the exocyclic product ExoPSmCl2 (path 3) as well as 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole RegPSmL2 (path 4), respectively. Among them, path 2 (R-COM1-TS12-COM2-TS23-COM3-TS3P-PSmL2) is the most favored one both in the gas phase and in toluene solution, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, 1,1-insertion forming COM2 in path 2 is the rate-determining step. The computational results also infer that the participation of samarium catalyst changes the distribution of the electrostatic potential on the reactants' surface, which determines the polarization direction of the reactants and formation of different intermediates (COM1 and RegCOM1), and finally affects the regioselectivity. When solvent corrections for toluene are considered, the 1,1-insertion process is discouraged, while the intramolecular [1,3]-shift reaction is facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Wang
- Research Centre for Analysis & Measurement and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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37
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Nanjundaswamy HM, Abrahamse H. Regioselective Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles by Reusable AlCl3 Immobilized on γ-Al2O3. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.997366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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38
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Yang X, Wang S, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Veige AS. Organogold oligomers: exploiting iClick and aurophilic cluster formation to prepare solution stable Au4 repeating units. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11437-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00282f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cluster formation via multiple gold–gold bonds provides sufficient thermodynamic driving force to overcome entropic penalties to link multiple units and create solution stable organogold oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Shanshan Wang
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Adam S. Veige
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
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39
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Powers AR, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Veige AS. Au-iClick mirrors the mechanism of copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Dalton Trans 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolated digold-triazolate products and first-order kinetic profiles for Au–acetylide/azide reactants in iClick provide compelling support for two copper ions in CuAAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Powers
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
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40
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Acid-mediated synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles: multicomponent coupling reactions, mechanistic study, synthesis of serine hydrolase inhibitor and its derivatives. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Henry L, Schneider C, Mützel B, Simpson PV, Nagel C, Fucke K, Schatzschneider U. Amino acid bioconjugation via iClick reaction of an oxanorbornadiene-masked alkyne with a Mn(I)(bpy)(CO)3-coordinated azide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15692-5. [PMID: 25370120 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalyst-free room temperature iClick reaction of an unsymmetrically 2,3-disubstituted oxanorbornadiene (OND) as a "masked" alkyne equivalent with [Mn(N3)(bpy(CH3,CH3))(CO)3] leads to isolation of a phenylalanine ester bioconjugate, in which the model amino acid is linked to the metal moiety via a N-2-coordinated triazolate formed in a cycloaddition-retro-Diels-Alder (crDA) reaction sequence, in a novel approach to bioorthogonal coupling reactions based on metal-centered reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Henry
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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42
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Tobrman T, Jurásková I, Dvořák D. Negishi Cross-Coupling Reaction as a Simple and Efficient Route to Functionalized Amino and Alkoxy Carbene Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500925m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jurásková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dalimil Dvořák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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43
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De Rosa M, Arnold D, Yennawar H. Acid-catalyzed reaction of 3-aminopyrrole with s-tetrazines: formation of 1H-1,2,4-(triazol-3-yl)pyrimidines via an unprecedented s-tetrazine-ring contraction and concomitant pyrrole-ring expansion. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Bhaumik A, Samanta S, Pathak T. Enantiopure 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from carbohydrates: applications of organoselenium chemistry. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6895-904. [PMID: 25010213 DOI: 10.1021/jo5009564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of stable vinyl selenone-modified furanosides has been synthesized for the first time. These 2π-partners undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with a wide range of organic azides to afford enantiopure trisubstituted triazoles. Furanosyl rings opened up during triazole synthesis to generate polyfunctionalized molecules, ready to undergo further transformations. This strategy is one of the most convenient methods for the synthesis of enantiopure 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles where the chiral components are attached to C-4 or C-5 position of triazole ring. These triazoles are formed in a regioselective manner, and several pairs of regioisomeric triazoles have also been synthesized. The approach affords densely functionalized triazoles, which are amenable to further modifications because of the presence of aldehyde and hydroxyl groups. This powerful and practical route adds to the arsenals of chemists and biologists interested in the synthesis and applications of triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
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45
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Saravanan N, Arthanareeswari M, Kamaraj P, Sivakumar B. Efficient synthesis via azide–alkyne Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction and antifungal activity studies of novel triazoloquinolines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Xing Y, Sheng G, Wang J, Lu P, Wang Y. Preparation of Triazoloindoles via Tandem Copper Catalysis and Their Utility as α-Imino Rhodium Carbene Precursors. Org Lett 2014; 16:1244-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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47
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Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Cruchter T, Harms K, Meggers E. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition with ruthenium(II)-azido complexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:16682-9. [PMID: 24173767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of an exemplary ruthenium(II)-azido complex towards non-activated, electron-deficient, and towards strain-activated alkynes at room temperature and low millimolar azide and alkyne concentrations has been investigated. Non-activated terminal and internal alkynes failed to react under such conditions, even under copper(I) catalysis conditions. In contrast, as expected, rapid cycloaddition was observed with electron-deficient dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) as the dipolarophile. Since DMAD and related propargylic esters are excellent Michael acceptors and thus unsuitable for biological applications, we investigated the reactivity of the azido complex towards cycloaddition with derivatives of cyclooctyne (OCT), bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN), and azadibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO). While no reaction could be observed in the case of the less strained cyclooctyne OCT, the highly strained cyclooctynes BCN and ADIBO readily reacted with the azido complex, providing the corresponding stable triazolato complexes, which were amenable to purification by conventional silica gel column chromatography. An X-ray crystal structure of an ADIBO cycloadduct was obtained and verified that the formed 1,2,3-triazolato ligand coordinates the metal center through the central N2 atom. Importantly, the determined second-order rate constant for the ADIBO cycloaddition with the azido complex (k2=6.9 × 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1)) is comparable to the rate determined for the ADIBO cycloaddition with organic benzyl azide (k2=4.0 × 10(-1) M(-1) s(-1)). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to transfer the concept of strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) from purely organic azides to metal-coordinated azido ligands. The favorable reaction kinetics for the ADIBO-azido-ligand cycloaddition and the well-proven bioorthogonality of strain-activated alkynes should pave the way for applications in living biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cruchter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6421-282-2189
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49
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Díaz Arado O, Mönig H, Wagner H, Franke JH, Langewisch G, Held PA, Studer A, Fuchs H. On-surface azide-alkyne cycloaddition on Au(111). ACS NANO 2013; 7:8509-15. [PMID: 24047459 DOI: 10.1021/nn4022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between azides and alkynes on a Au(111) surface at room temperature and under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal that these on-surface cycloadditions occur highly regioselectively to form the corresponding 1,4-triazoles. Density functional theory simulations confirm that the reactions can occur at room temperature, where the Au(111) surface does not participate as a catalytic agent in alkyne C-H activation but acts solely as a two-dimensional constraint for the positioning of the two reaction partners. The on-surface azide-alkyne cycloaddition offers great potential toward the development and fabrication of functional organic nanomaterials on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Díaz Arado
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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50
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Zhang H, Tanimoto H, Morimoto T, Nishiyama Y, Kakiuchi K. Regioselective Rapid Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles Mediated by Propargyl Cations. Org Lett 2013; 15:5222-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402387w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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