1
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Richard F, Clark P, Hannam A, Keenan T, Jean A, Arseniyadis S. Pd-Catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation of heterocycles: a user's guide. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1936-1983. [PMID: 38206332 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances and strategies employed in the Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) of nucleophilic prochiral heterocycles. The review is divided into sections each focused on a specific family of heterocycle, where optimisation data and reaction scope have been carefully analysed in order to bring forward specific reactivity and selectivity trends. The review eventually opens on how computer-based technologies could be used to predict an ideally matched catalytic system for any given substrate. This user-guide targets chemists from all horizons interested in running a Pd-AAA reaction for the preparation of highly enantioenriched heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Richard
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Paul Clark
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Al Hannam
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Thomas Keenan
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210, Bolbec, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
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2
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Cusumano AQ, Zhang T, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Origins of Enhanced Enantioselectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of N-Benzoyl Lactams. Catalysts 2023; 13:1258. [PMID: 37990660 PMCID: PMC10662798 DOI: 10.3390/catal13091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the origins of the marked improvement in enantioselectivity in the inner-sphere (PHOX)Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-benzoyl lactam nucleophiles over their carbocyclic counterparts. We employ density functional theory calculations to aid in the interpretation of experimental results. Ultimately, we propose that the enhancement in enantioselectivity arises primarily from noncovalent interactions between the substrate and ligand rather than secondary substrate chelation, as previously hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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3
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Flesch KN, Cusumano AQ, Chen PJ, Strong CS, Sardini SR, Du YE, Bartberger MD, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Divergent Catalysis: Catalytic Asymmetric [4+2] Cycloaddition of Palladium Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11301-11310. [PMID: 37186945 PMCID: PMC10388310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition from a catalytically generated chiral Pd enolate was developed, forging four contiguous stereocenters in a single transformation. This was achieved through a strategy termed divergent catalysis, wherein departure from a known catalytic cycle enables novel reactivity of a targeted intermediate prior to re-entry into the original cycle. Mechanistic studies including quantum mechanics calculations, Eyring analysis, and KIE studies offer insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin N Flesch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng-Jui Chen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christian Santiago Strong
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stephen R Sardini
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yun E Du
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Goldstein EL, Takada H, Sumii Y, Baba K, Stoltz BM. Synthesis of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines via sequential asymmetric allylic alkylation and ring contraction. Tetrahedron 2022; 123:132940. [PMID: 36968983 PMCID: PMC10038171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines is described. A stereogenic quaternary center is first formed utilizing an asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of a benzyloxy imide, which can then be reduced to a chiral hydroxamic acid. This compound can then undergo a thermal "Spino" ring contraction to afford a carbamate protected 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidine stereospecifically. These pyrrolidines can be further advanced to enantioenriched indolizidine compounds. This reaction sequence allows access to new molecules that could be useful in the development of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Goldstein
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takada
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Katsuaki Baba
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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5
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Xiao J, Zhou G, Ji C. Syntheses of Mersicarpine, a Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid with an Atypical Tetracyclic Structure. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Shangrao Normal University No. 401 Zhimin Road Shangrao Jiangxi 334001 People's Republic of China
| | - Guang‐Hua Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Food Science Nanchang Normal University No. 889 Ruixiang Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330032 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong‐Bin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Shangrao Normal University No. 401 Zhimin Road Shangrao Jiangxi 334001 People's Republic of China
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6
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Laidlaw G, Franckevičius V. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Thietane 1,1-Dioxides. Org Lett 2021; 24:400-405. [PMID: 34914384 PMCID: PMC8762707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of thietane 1,1-dioxides via linear enolate intermediates from racemic starting materials has been developed. This process installs an α-sulfonyl tetrasubstituted stereogenic center with high enantioselectivity. The potential to transform the alkylated products to novel types of enantioenriched spirocycles for medicinal chemistry applications has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Laidlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
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7
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Sercel ZP, Sun AW, Stoltz BM. Synthesis of Enantioenriched gem-Disubstituted 4-Imidazolidinones by Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:6348-6351. [PMID: 34346221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of enantioenriched gem-disubstituted 4-imidazolidinones were prepared in up to >99% yield and 95% ee by the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of imidazolidinone-derived β-amidoesters. In the process of preparing these substrates, a rapid synthetic route to 4-imidazolidinone derivatives was developed, beginning from 2-thiohydantoin. The orthogonality of the benzoyl imide and tert-butyl carbamate groups used to protect these nitrogen-rich products was demonstrated, enabling potential applications in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Sercel
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander W Sun
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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8
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Connon R, Roche B, Rokade BV, Guiry PJ. Further Developments and Applications of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6373-6521. [PMID: 34019404 PMCID: PMC8277118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved. As a result, the continued development of ligand architectural design from mono(oxazolines), to bis(oxazolines), to tris(oxazolines) and tetra(oxazolines) and variations thereof can be more easily monitored by the reader. In addition, the key transition states of selected asymmetric transformations will be given to illustrate the features that give rise to high levels of asymmetric induction. As a further aid to the reader, we summarize the majority of schemes with representative examples that highlight the variation in % yields and % ees for carefully selected substrates. This Review should be of particular interest to the experts in the field but also serve as a useful starting point to new researchers in this area. It is hoped that this Review will stimulate both the development/design of new ligands and their applications in novel metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Connon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Roche
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Balaji V. Rokade
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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9
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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11
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Cusumano AQ, Stoltz BM, Goddard WA. Reaction Mechanism, Origins of Enantioselectivity, and Reactivity Trends in Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: A Comprehensive Quantum Mechanics Investigation of a C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13917-13933. [PMID: 32640162 PMCID: PMC7802888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We utilize quantum mechanics to evaluate a variety of plausible mechanistic pathways for the entirety of the catalytic cycle for asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl β-ketoesters. We present a mechanistic picture that unites all current experimental observations, including enantioinduction, reaction rate, catalyst resting state, enolate crossover experiments, water tolerance, and the effects of solvation on inner- and outer-sphere mechanisms. Experiments designed to evaluate the fidelity and predictive power of the computational models reveal the methods employed herein to be highly effective in elucidating the reactivity of the catalytic system. On the basis of these findings, we highlight a computational framework from which chemically accurate results are obtained and address the current limitations of the decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Duquette DC, Cusumano AQ, Lefoulon L, Moore JT, Stoltz BM. Probing Trends in Enantioinduction via Substrate Design: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of α-Enaminones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4966-4969. [PMID: 32543857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-enaminones. In addition to serving as valuable synthetic building blocks, we exploit the α-enaminone scaffold and its derivatives as probes to highlight structural and electronic factors that govern enantioselectivity in this asymmetric alkylation reaction. Utilizing the (S)-t-BuPHOX ligand in a variety of nonpolar solvents, the alkylated products are obtained in up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Louise Lefoulon
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jared T Moore
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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13
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Sercel ZP, Sun AW, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of 1,4-Diazepan-5-ones. Org Lett 2019; 21:9158-9161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Sercel
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander W. Sun
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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14
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Visse R, Möllemann MA, Braun M. Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Alkanoic-Acid Ester Enolates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Visse
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin-Alexander Möllemann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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15
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Ghosh AK, Born JR, Kassekert L. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)-Fendleridine and (+)-Acetylaspidoalbidine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5167-5175. [PMID: 30939004 PMCID: PMC6594018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective syntheses of hexacyclic aspidoalbidine alkaloids (+)-fendleridine (2) and (+)-acetylaspidoalbidine (3) are described. These syntheses feature an asymmetric decarboxylative allylation and photocyclization of a highly substituted enaminone. Also, the synthesis highlights the formation of a C19-hemiaminal ether via a reduction/condensation/intramolecular cyclization cascade with the C21-alcohol. The present synthesis provides convenient access to the aspidoalbidine hexacyclic alkaloid family in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Joshua R. Born
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Luke Kassekert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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16
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James J, Jackson M, Guiry PJ. Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Development, Mechanistic Understanding and Recent Advances. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju James
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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17
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Pritchett BP, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions in the synthesis of Aspidosperma and structurally related monoterpene indole alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:559-574. [PMID: 29658039 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017 Enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylations of prochiral enolates represent a powerful tool for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. This review describes the emergence of such reactions as strategic linchpins that enable efficient, stereocontrolled syntheses of Aspidosperma and related monoterpene indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau P Pritchett
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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18
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Wei Y, Ren Y, Mailhol D, Rajzmann M, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. An Organocatalytic Two‐atom Ring Expansion Approach to Optically Active Glutarimides. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Long Wei
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Yajun Ren
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Damien Mailhol
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Michel Rajzmann
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13397 Marseille France
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19
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Liu Y, Wang H. Unified enantioselective total syntheses of (−)-scholarisine G, (+)-melodinine E, (−)-leuconoxine and (−)-mersicarpine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3544-3547. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy enabled the enantioselective syntheses of (−)-scholarisine G, (+)-melodinine E, (−)-leuconoxine and (−)-mersicarpine from a common 2-alkylated indole bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Honggen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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20
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Zhou Y, Wei YL, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Four-Atom Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones: Synthesis of Benzazocinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhou
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; Centrale Marseille, ISM2; 13397 Marseille France
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 330022 Nanchang China
| | - Yun-Long Wei
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; Centrale Marseille, ISM2; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; Centrale Marseille, ISM2; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; Centrale Marseille, ISM2; 13397 Marseille France
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21
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Zhou Y, Wei YL, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Four-Atom Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones: Synthesis of Benzazocinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:456-460. [PMID: 30398303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective Michael addition- four-atom ring expansion cascade reaction involving cyclobutanones activated by a N-aryl secondary amide group and ortho-amino nitrostyrenes has been developed for the preparation of functionalized eight-membered benzolactams using bifunctional aminocatalysts. Taking advantage of the secondary amide activating group, the eight-membered cyclic products could be further rearranged into their six-membered isomers having a glutarimide core under base catalysis conditions without erosion of optical purity, featuring an overall ring expansion- ring contraction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France.,Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun-Long Wei
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France
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22
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Defieber C, Mohr JT, Grabovyi GA, Stoltz BM. Short Enantioselective Formal Synthesis of (-)-Platencin. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018; 50:4359-4368. [PMID: 31061542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A short enantioselective formal synthesis of the antibiotic natural product platencin is reported. Key steps in the synthesis include enantioselective decarboxylation alkylation, aldehyde/olefin radical cyclization, and regioselective aldol cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Defieber
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin T Mohr
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gennadii A Grabovyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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23
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Song T, Arseniyadis S, Cossy J. Highly Enantioselective, Base-Free Synthesis of α-Quaternary Succinimides through Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Chemistry 2018; 24:8076-8080. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry; Biology and Innovation (CBI)-ESPCI Paris/CNRS, (UMR8231)/PSL* Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry; Biology and Innovation (CBI)-ESPCI Paris/CNRS, (UMR8231)/PSL* Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
- Queen Mary University of London; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry; Biology and Innovation (CBI)-ESPCI Paris/CNRS, (UMR8231)/PSL* Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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24
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Shockley SE, Hethcox JC, Stoltz BM. Asymmetric Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Spirocycles via a Catalytic Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation Strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:3341-3343. [PMID: 28867835 PMCID: PMC5578629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid access to enantioenriched spirocycles possessing a 1,4-dicarbonyl moiety spanning an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic spirocenter was achieved using a masked bromomethyl vinyl ketone reagent. The developed protocol entails an enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction followed by a one-pot unmasking/RCM sequence that provides access to the spirocyclic compounds in good yields and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Bhat V, Welin ER, Guo X, Stoltz BM. Advances in Stereoconvergent Catalysis from 2005 to 2015: Transition-Metal-Mediated Stereoablative Reactions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4528-4561. [PMID: 28164696 PMCID: PMC5516946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stereoconvergent catalysis is an important subset of asymmetric synthesis that encompasses stereoablative transformations, dynamic kinetic resolutions, and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations. Initially, only enzymes were known to catalyze dynamic kinetic processes, but recently various synthetic catalysts have been developed. This Review summarizes major advances in nonenzymatic, transition-metal-promoted dynamic asymmetric transformations reported between 2005 and 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Welin
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Pritchett BP, Kikuchi J, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. A FISCHER INDOLIZATION STRATEGY TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (-)-GONIOMITINE. HETEROCYCLES 2017; 95:1245-1253. [PMID: 28706345 PMCID: PMC5502790 DOI: 10.3987/com-16-s(s)80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A Fischer indolization strategy toward the core of (-)-goniomitine is reported. Initial investigations into the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone (DHPI) substrates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau P Pritchett
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd. MC101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd. MC101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd. MC101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd. MC101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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27
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Pritchett BP, Kikuchi J, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions of Dihydropyrido[1,2-a
]indolone Substrates: Efficient Syntheses of (−)-Goniomitine, (+)-Aspidospermidine, and (−)-Quebrachamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beau P. Pritchett
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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28
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Pritchett BP, Kikuchi J, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reactions of Dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone Substrates: Efficient Syntheses of (-)-Goniomitine, (+)-Aspidospermidine, and (-)-Quebrachamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13529-13532. [PMID: 27666731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful application of dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone (DHPI) substrates in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry facilitates rapid access to multiple alkaloid frameworks in an enantioselective fashion. Strategic bromination at the indole C3 position greatly improved the allylic alkylation chemistry and enabled a highly efficient Negishi cross-coupling downstream. The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-goniomitine, along with divergent formal syntheses of (+)-aspidospermidine and (-)-quebrachamine, are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau P Pritchett
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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29
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Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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30
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Craig RA, Stoltz BM. Synthesis and Exploration of Electronically Modified ( R)-5,5-Dimethyl-( p-CF 3) 3- i-PrPHOX in Palladium-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective Allylic Alkylation: A Practical Alternative to ( R)-( p-CF 3) 3- t-BuPHOX. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:4670-4673. [PMID: 26257445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the novel electronically modified phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligand, (R)-5,5-dimethyl-(p-CF3)3-i-PrPHOX, is described. The utility of this PHOX ligand is explored in both enantio- and diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations. These investigations prove (R)-5,5-dimethyl-(p-CF3)3-i-PrPHOX to be an effective and cost-efficient alternative to electronically modified PHOX ligands derived from the prohibitively expensive (R)-t-leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Craig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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31
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Marziale AN, Duquette DC, Craig RA, Kim KE, Liniger M, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation Using Low Palladium Concentrations and a Palladium(II) Precatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2015; 357:2238-2245. [PMID: 27042171 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic allylic alkylation for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkanones and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperazinones has been previously reported by our laboratory. The efficient construction of chiral all-carbon quaternary centers by allylic alkylation was previously achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from zero valent palladium sources and chiral phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. We now report an improved reaction protocol with broad applicability among different substrate classes in industry-compatible reaction media using loadings of palladium(II) acetate as low as 0.075 mol % and the readily available chiral PHOX ligands. The novel and highly efficient procedure enables facile scale-up of the reaction in an economical and sustainable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Marziale
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelly E Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marc Liniger
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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32
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α-Aminoketone durch Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Huwig K, Schultz K, Kazmaier U. Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α-Amino Ketones by Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9120-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Li Z, Geng Q, Lv Z, Pritchett BP, Baba K, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM, Liang G. Selective syntheses of leuconolam, leuconoxine, and mersicarpine alkaloids from a common intermediate through regiocontrolled cyclizations by Staudinger reactions†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and procedures, compound characterization data, copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra for new compounds. See DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00312hClick here for additional data file. Org Chem Front 2015; 2:236-240. [PMID: 25717379 PMCID: PMC4333676 DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective syntheses of leuconolam, leuconoxine, and mersicarpine alkaloids bearing distinctive core structures were achieved through Staudinger reactions using a common intermediate. In the key cyclization step, water functioned like a switch to control which core structure to produce. The chemistry allowed for selective syntheses of the group of alkaloids from a simple intermediate through straightforward chemical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Qian Geng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Zhe Lv
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Beau P Pritchett
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| | - Katsuaki Baba
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA .
| | - Guangxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
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35
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Numajiri Y, Jiménez-Osés G, Wang B, Houk KN, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of dialkylated N-heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:1082-5. [PMID: 25714704 DOI: 10.1021/ol503425t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-disubstituted N-heterocyclic carbonyl compounds has been accomplished using palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. These catalytic conditions enable access to various heterocycles, such as morpholinone, thiomorpholinone, oxazolidin-4-one, 1,2-oxazepan-3-one, 1,3-oxazinan-4-one, and structurally related lactams, all bearing fully substituted α-positions. Broad functional group tolerance was explored at the α-position in the morpholinone series. We demonstrate the utility of this method by performing various transformations on our useful products to readily access a number of enantioenriched compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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36
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Numajiri Y, Pritchett BP, Chiyoda K, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of α-quaternary Mannich adducts by palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation: total synthesis of (+)-sibirinine. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1040-3. [PMID: 25578104 PMCID: PMC4311947 DOI: 10.1021/ja512124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A catalytic enantioselective method
for the synthesis of α-quaternary
Mannich-type products is reported. The two-step sequence of (1) Mannich
reaction followed by (2) decarboxylative enantioselective allylic
alkylation serves as a novel strategy to in effect access asymmetric
Mannich-type products of “thermodynamic” enolates of
substrates possessing additional enolizable positions and acidic protons.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation enables the
enantioselective synthesis of five-, six-, and seven-membered ketone,
lactam, and other heterocyclic systems. The mild reaction conditions
are notable given the acidic free N–H groups and high functional
group tolerance in each of the substrates. The utility of this method
is highlighted in the first total synthesis of (+)-sibirinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Numajiri
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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37
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Deng WH, Ye F, Bai XF, Zheng ZJ, Cui YM, Xu LW. Multistereogenic Phosphine Ligand-promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Cyanoesters. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Rambla M, Duroure L, Chabaud L, Guillou C. Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroimines by Asymmetric Decarboxylative Alkylation/Isomerization/[3+2]-Cycloaddition Reaction of Azidoalkenes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Qian X, Ji P, He C, Zirimwabagabo JO, Archibald MM, Yeagley AA, Chruma JJ. Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative generation and asymmetric allylation of α-imino anions. Org Lett 2014; 16:5228-31. [PMID: 25243507 DOI: 10.1021/ol502693r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl 2,2-diphenylglycinate imines using (S,S)-f-binaphane as a chiral supporting ligand has been developed. This transformation allows for decarboxylative generation and enantioselective allylation of nonenolate α-imino (2-azaallyl anions) to afford α-aryl homoallylic imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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Keldenich J, Denicourt-Nowicki A, Michon C, Agbossou-Niedercorn F. Preparation of chiral key intermediates of morpholine based neurokinin receptor antagonists by asymmetric allylic alkylation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Michon C, Béthegnies A, Capet F, Roussel P, de Filippis A, Gomez-Pardo D, Cossy J, Agbossou-Niedercorn F. Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of 3-Arylated Piperidin-2-ones. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hong AY, Stoltz BM. The Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Use of Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reactions in Total Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:2745-2759. [PMID: 24944521 PMCID: PMC4059687 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All-carbon quaternary stereocenters have posed significant challenges in the synthesis of complex natural products. These important structural motifs have inspired the development of broadly applicable palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions of unstabilized non-biased enolates for the synthesis of enantioenriched α-quaternary products. This microreview outlines key considerations in the application of palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions and presents recent total syntheses of complex natural products that have employed these powerful transformations for the direct, catalytic, enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Hong
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Homepage: http://stoltz.caltech.edu
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Homepage: http://stoltz.caltech.edu
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Gartshore CJ, Lupton DW. Studies on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Carbazolones as Intermediates in Aspidosperma and Kopsia Alkaloid Synthesis. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two strategies for the assembly of homochiral carbazolones have been investigated. The first exploited desymmetrisation of 1,3-cyclohexadione derivatives however this failed to deliver satisfactory outcomes. An orthogonal route exploiting palladium catalysed decarboxylative allylation of racemic carbazolone β-ketoesters has been developed. Herein we report full details on the development of this reaction and clarify apparent discrepancies between our preliminary reports and those of Shao.
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