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Wilmore JT, Cheong Tse Y, Docker A, Whitehead C, Williams CK, Beer PD. Dynamic Metalloporphyrin-Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300608. [PMID: 36929530 PMCID: PMC10947143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis-functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1 H NMR and quantitative UV-Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter-component co-ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a 'resting state' co-conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post-synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free-base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T. Wilmore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Caspar Whitehead
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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2
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Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives are ubiquitous in bio-organisms and are associated with proteins that play important biological roles, such as oxygen transport, photosynthesis, and catalysis. Porphyrins are very fascinating research objects for chemists, physicists, and biologists owing to their versatile chemical and physical properties. Porphyrin derivatives are actively used in various fields, such as molecular recognition, energy conversion, sensors, biomedicine, and catalysts. Porphyrin derivatives can be used as building blocks for supramolecular polymers because their primitive structures have C4 symmetry, which allows for the symmetrical introduction of self-assembling motifs. This review describes the fabrication of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers and novel discoveries in supramolecular polymer growth. First, we summarise the (i) design concepts, (ii) growth mechanism and (iii) analytical methods of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers. Then, the examples of porphyrin-based supramolecular polymers formed by (iv) hydrogen bonding, (v) metal coordination-based interaction, (vi) host-guest complex formation, and (vii) others are summarised. Finally, (viii) applications and perspectives are discussed. Although supramolecular polymers, in a broad sense, can include either two-dimensional (2D) networks or three-dimensional (3D) porous polymer structures; this review mainly focuses on one-dimensional (1D) fibrous supramolecular polymer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lee H, Hwang JH, Lee D, Kim I, Park J, Lee E, Jang WD. Porphyrin Tripod as a Monomeric Building Block for Guest-Induced Reversible Supramolecular Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Cheong Tse Y, Hein R, Mitchell EJ, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Strapped Porphyrin BODIPY Rotaxanes for Dual Optical and Electrochemical Anion Sensing. Chemistry 2021; 27:14550-14559. [PMID: 34319624 PMCID: PMC8596797 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Anion receptors employing two distinct sensory mechanisms are rare. Herein, we report the first examples of halogen-bonding porphyrin BODIPY [2]rotaxanes capable of both fluorescent and redox electrochemical sensing of anions. 1 H NMR, UV/visible and electrochemical studies revealed rotaxane axle triazole group coordination to the zinc(II) metalloporphyrin-containing macrocycle component, serves to preorganise the rotaxane binding cavity and dramatically enhances anion binding affinities. Mechanically bonded, integrated-axle BODIPY and macrocycle strapped metalloporphyrin motifs enable the anion recognition event to be sensed by the significant quenching of the BODIPY fluorophore and cathodic perturbations of the metalloporphyrin P/P+. redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Cheong Tse
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Robert Hein
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edward J. Mitchell
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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5
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Ultrafast spectroscopic investigation of discrete co-assemblies of a Zn-porphyrin–polymer conjugate with a hexapyridyl template. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Forder TN, Maschmeyer PG, Zeng H, Roberts DA. Post‐synthetic ‘Click’ Synthesis of RAFT Polymers with Pendant Self‐immolative Triazoles. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:287-291. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Forder
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Peter G. Maschmeyer
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Haoxiang Zeng
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Derrick A. Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney 2006 Sydney NSW Australia
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7
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Maschmeyer PG, Liang X, Hung A, Ahmadzai O, Kenny AL, Luong YC, Forder TN, Zeng H, Gillies ER, Roberts DA. Post-polymerization ‘click’ end-capping of polyglyoxylate self-immolative polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-polymerization CuAAC reactions are used to ‘click’ stimuli-cleavable triazole end-caps onto self-immolative poly(ethyl glyoxylate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Maschmeyer
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research. The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Allison Hung
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research. The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Oksana Ahmadzai
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Annmaree L. Kenny
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuan C. Luong
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy N. Forder
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Haoxiang Zeng
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research. The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Derrick A. Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zeng H, Stewart-Yates L, Casey LM, Bampos N, Roberts DA. Covalent Post-Assembly Modification: A Synthetic Multipurpose Tool in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1249-1269. [PMID: 32529789 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of covalent post-assembly modification (PAM) in supramolecular chemistry has grown significantly in recent years, to the point where PAM is now a versatile synthesis tool for tuning, modulating, and expanding the functionality of self-assembled complexes and materials. PAM underpins supramolecular template-synthesis strategies, enables modular derivatization of supramolecular assemblies, permits the covalent 'locking' of unstable structures, and can trigger controlled structural transformations between different assembled morphologies. This Review discusses key examples of PAM spanning a range of material classes, including discrete supramolecular complexes, self-assembled soft nanostructures and hierarchically ordered polymeric and framework materials. As such, we hope to highlight how PAM has continued to evolve as a creative and functional addition to the synthetic chemist's toolbox for constructing bespoke self-assembled complexes and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luke Stewart-Yates
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Casey
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Bampos
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Lee H, Lee D, Kim I, Lee E, Jang WD. Formation of Supramolecular Polymers from Porphyrin Tripods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Lipeeva AV, Shakirov MM, Shults EE. A facile approach to 6-amino-2 H-pyrano[2,3-g]isoquinolin-2-ones via a sequential Sonogashira coupling of 6-cyanoumbelliferone triflate and annulations with amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1661480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Lipeeva
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Makhmut M. Shakirov
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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11
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Benazzi E, Summers GH, Black FA, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Gibson EA. Assembly, charge-transfer and solar cell performance with porphyrin-C 60 on NiO for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180338. [PMID: 31280722 PMCID: PMC6635627 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizers furnished with three different anchoring groups, benzoic acid, phenylphosphonate and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, were prepared using 'click' methodology. All three gave modest performances in liquid junction devices with I3-/I- as the electrolyte. The distinct spectroscopic properties of the porphyrins allowed a detailed investigation of the adsorption behaviour and kinetics for charge transfer at the NiO|porphyrin interface. The adsorption behaviour was modelled using the Langmuir isotherm model and the phosphonate anchoring group was found to have the highest affinity for NiO (6.65 × 104 M-1) and the fastest rate of adsorption (2.46 × 107 cm2 mol-1 min-1). The photocurrent of the p-type dye-sensitized solar cells increased with increasing dye loading and corresponding light harvesting efficiency of the electrodes. Coordinating the zinc to a pyridyl-functionalized fullerene (C60PPy) extended the charge-separated state lifetime from ca 200 ps to 4 ns and a positive improvement in the absorbed photon to current conversion efficiency was observed. Finally, we confirmed the viability of electron transfer from the appended C60PPy to phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, a typical electron transporting layer in organic photovoltaics. This has implications for assembling efficient solid-state tandem solar cells in the future. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Energy materials for a low carbon future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benazzi
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gareth H. Summers
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Fiona A. Black
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Gibson
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Heredia DA, Martínez SR, Durantini AM, Pérez ME, Mangione MI, Durantini JE, Gervaldo MA, Otero LA, Durantini EN. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Polymeric Films Bearing Biscarbazol Triphenylamine End-Capped Dendrimeric Zn(II) Porphyrin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27574-27587. [PMID: 31310503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel biscarbazol triphenylamine end-capped dendrimeric zinc(II) porphyrin (DP 5) was synthesized by click chemistry. This compound is a cruciform dendrimer that bears a nucleus of zinc(II) tetrapyrrolic macrocycle substituted at the meso positions by four identical substituents. These are formed by a tetrafluorophenyl group that possesses a triazole unit in the para position. This nitrogenous heterocyclic is connected to a 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine group by means of a phenylenevinylene bridge, which allows the conjugation between the nucleus and this external electropolymerizable carbazoyl group. In this structure, dendrimeric arms act as light-harvesting antennas, increasing the absorption of blue light, and as electroactive moieties. The electrochemical oxidation of the carbazole groups contained in the terminal arms of the DP 5 was used to obtain novel, stable, and reproducible fully π-conjugated photoactive polymeric films (FDP 5). First, the spectroscopic characteristics and photodynamic properties of DP 5 were compared with its constitutional components derived of porphyrin P 6 and carbazole D 7 moieties in solution. The fluorescence emissions of the dendrimeric units in DP 5 were more strongly quenched by the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, indicating photoinduced energy transfer. In addition, FDP 5 film showed the Soret and Q absorption bands and red fluorescence emission of the corresponding zinc(II) porphyrin. Also, FDP 5 film was highly stable to photobleaching, and it was able to produce singlet molecular oxygen in both N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water. Therefore, the porphyrin units embedded in the polymeric matrix of FDP 5 film mainly retain the photochemical properties. Photodynamic inactivation mediated by FDP 5 film was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. When a cell suspension was deposited on the surface, complete eradication of S. aureus and a 99% reduction in E. coli survival were found after 15 and 30 min of irradiation, respectively. Also, FDP 5 film was highly effective to eliminate individual bacteria attached to the surface. In addition, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) sensitized by FDP 5 film produced >99.99% bacterial killing in biofilms formed on the surface after 60 min irradiation. The results indicate that FDP 5 film represents an interesting and versatile photodynamic active material to eradicate bacteria as planktonic cells, individual attached microbes, or biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Pérez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - María I Mangione
- IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , S2002LRK Rosario , Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
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13
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Tian J, Zhang W. Synthesis, self-assembly and applications of functional polymers based on porphyrins. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Khan R, Özkan M, Khaligh A, Tuncel D. Water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin-based nanoparticles for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1147-1155. [PMID: 30785160 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the preparation of water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin based nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation method and demonstrate the application of these nanoparticles in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The diameter of the nanoparticles is in the range of 50-80 nm and the resulting nanoparticles are stable in water without precipitation at least for a month. They have high singlet oxygen efficiency and display light-triggered biocidal activity against both Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis). Upon white light irradiation for 10 min with a flux of 22 mW cm-2 of the E. coli suspension incubated with NPs (18 μg mL-1), a killing efficiency of 99% is achieved, whereas in the dark the effect is recorded as only around 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Massiot J, Rosilio V, Makky A. Photo-triggerable liposomal drug delivery systems: from simple porphyrin insertion in the lipid bilayer towards supramolecular assemblies of lipid–porphyrin conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1805-1823. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light-responsive liposomes are considered nowadays as one of the most promising nanoparticulate systems for the delivery and release of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a spatio-temporal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massiot
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Ali Makky
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
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16
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Ngo TH, Labuta J, Lim GN, Webre WA, D'Souza F, Karr PA, Lewis JEM, Hill JP, Ariga K, Goldup SM. Porphyrinoid rotaxanes: building a mechanical picket fence. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6679-6685. [PMID: 30155230 PMCID: PMC6103255 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on recent progress in the synthesis of functional porphyrins for a range of applications using the Cu-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, we describe the active template CuAAC synthesis of interlocked triazole functionalised porphyrinoids in excellent yield. By synthesising interlocked analogues of previously studied porphyrin-corrole conjugates, we demonstrate that this approach gives access to rotaxanes in which the detailed electronic properties of the axle component are unchanged but whose steric properties are transformed by the mechanical "picket fence" provided by the threaded rings. Our results suggest that interlocked functionalised porphyrins, readily available using the AT-CuAAC approach, are sterically hindered scaffolds for the development of new catalysts and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Ngo
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) , WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan .
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - J Labuta
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS-SENGEN) , National Institute for Materials Science , Sengen 1-2-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - G N Lim
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - W A Webre
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - F D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - P A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics , Wayne State College , 111 Main Street , Wayne , Nebraska 68787 , USA
| | - J E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , University Road , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - J P Hill
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - K Ariga
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - S M Goldup
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , University Road , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
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17
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Kang B, Yang W, Lee S, Mukherjee S, Forstater J, Kim H, Goh B, Kim TY, Voelz VA, Pang Y, Seo J. Precisely tuneable energy transfer system using peptoid helix-based molecular scaffold. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4786. [PMID: 28684782 PMCID: PMC5500559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy flow during natural photosynthesis is controlled by maintaining the spatial arrangement of pigments, employing helices as scaffolds. In this study, we have developed porphyrin-peptoid (pigment-helix) conjugates (PPCs) that can modulate the donor-acceptor energy transfer efficiency with exceptional precision by controlling the relative distance and orientation of the two pigments. Five donor-acceptor molecular dyads were constructed using zinc porphyrin and free base porphyrin (Zn(i + 2)–Zn(i + 6)), and highly efficient energy transfer was demonstrated with estimated efficiencies ranging from 92% to 96% measured by static fluorescence emission in CH2Cl2 and from 96.3% to 97.6% using femtosecond transient absorption measurements in toluene, depending on the relative spatial arrangement of the donor-acceptor pairs. Our results suggest that the remarkable precision and tunability exhibited by nature can be achieved by mimicking the design principles of natural photosynthetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Sebok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Sudipto Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jonathan Forstater
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Byoungsook Goh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Vincent A Voelz
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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18
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Kim Y, Kang B, Ahn HY, Seo J, Nam KT. Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence Based on Porphyrin-Peptoid Hybridized Gold Nanoparticle Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700071. [PMID: 28513982 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A porphyrin-peptoid-hybridized silica-coated gold nanoparticle is developed, which is inspired by the protein-chlorophyll ensemble found in photosynthetic antenna. In the natural antenna, chlorophylls are integrated into dense assemblies that are supported by frameworks of proteins, which ensure optimal pigment arrangement for effective light harvesting. In the subject platform, porphyrins are conjugated to the peptoid helix scaffold in a structurally well-defined alignments and subsequently immobilized on the surface of nanoparticles. This prevents intermolecular aggregation among porphyrins and allows high resolution analysis of the effect of porphyrin configuration on the optical properties of the system. Interestingly, under the influence of plasmon from the gold nanoparticle core, the fluorescence of porphyrin is enhanced up to 24-fold at the wavelength where the plasmon resonance matches the porphyrin excitation wavelength. In addition, differences in porphyrin configuration result in spectral modification of their fluorescence emissions. Particularly, the peptoid bearing two porphyrins at a distance of 6 Å shows the most significant alteration in fluorescence. The platform can facilitate extensive studies on the relationship between porphyrin arrangement design and their photophysical interaction in antenna complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
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19
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Quan WD, Pitto-Barry A, Baker LA, Stulz E, Napier R, O'Reilly RK, Stavros VG. Retaining individualities: the photodynamics of self-ordering porphyrin assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1938-41. [PMID: 26680651 PMCID: PMC4720934 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Retained photochemical properties – a simple porphyrin–polyDMA conjugate with the ability to self assemble into large (∼1 μm) vesicles in water. The photodynamics are remarkably preserved despite the extensive aggregation.
The retention of photochemical properties of individual chromophores is a key feature of biological light harvesting complexes. This is achieved despite extensive aggregation of the chromophores, which in synthetic chromophore assemblies often yields a change in spectral characteristics. As an alternative approach towards mimicking biological light harvesting complexes, we report the synthesis of porphyrin assemblies which retained the photochemical properties of the individual chromophore units despite their substantial aggregation. These new materials highlight a new bottom-up approach towards the design and understanding of more complex biomimetic and naturally occurring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Quan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK. and Molecular Organisation and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Center (MOAC DTC), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Lewis A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK. and Molecular Organisation and Assembly of Cells Doctoral Training Center (MOAC DTC), University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Eugen Stulz
- School of Chemistry & Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Science, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
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20
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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21
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22
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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23
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Gody G, Roberts DA, Maschmeyer T, Perrier S. A New Methodology for Assessing Macromolecular Click Reactions and Its Application to Amine--Tertiary Isocyanate Coupling for Polymer Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4061-8. [PMID: 26927624 PMCID: PMC4846186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Click reactions have provided access to an array of remarkably complex polymer architectures. However, the term "click" is often applied inaccurately to polymer ligation reactions that fail to respect the criteria that typify a true "click" reaction. With the purpose of providing a universal way to benchmark polymer-polymer coupling efficiency at equimolarity and thus evaluate the fulfilment of click criteria, we report a simple one-pot methodology involving the homodicoupling of α-end-functionalized polymers using a small-molecule bifunctional linker. A combination of SEC analysis and chromatogram deconvolution enables straightforward quantification of the coupling efficiency. We subsequently employ this methodology to evaluate an overlooked candidate for the click reaction family: the addition of primary amines to α-tertiary isocyanates (α-(t)NCO). Using our bifunctional linker coupling strategy, we show that the amine-(t)NCO reaction fulfills the criteria for a polymer-polymer click reaction, achieving rapid, chemoselective, and quantitative coupling at room temperature without generating any byproducts. We demonstrate that amine-(t)NCO coupling is faster and more efficient than the more common amine-tertiary active ester coupling under equivalent conditions. Additionally, we show that the α-(t)NCO end group is unprecedentedly stable in aqueous media. Thus, we propose that the amine-(t)NCO ligation is a powerful new click reaction for efficient macromolecular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gody
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick A. Roberts
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- Laboratory
of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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24
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Ladomenou K, Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG. “Click”-reaction: An alternative tool for new architectures of porphyrin based derivatives. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Fernandes AE, Jonas AM, Riant O. Application of CuAAC for the covalent immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Ryoji-Noyori-Preis: B. M. Trost / F. A. Cotton Medal: B. M. Hoffman / Max-Bergmann-Medaille: C. Toniolo / Preise des Royal Australian Chemical Institute: M. Kelso, C. Jones, S. Perrier, M. J. Crossley und D. W. Lupton / International Solvay Chair für Chem. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Ryoji Noyori Prize: B. M. Trost / F. A. Cotton Medal: B. M. Hoffman / Max Bergmann Medal: C. Toniolo / Royal Australian Chemical Institute Awards: M. Kelso, C. Jones, S. Perrier, M. J. Crossley, and D. W. Lupton / 2013-2014 International Solvay Chair of C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Roberts DA, Crossley MJ, Perrier S. Fluorescent bowl-shaped nanoparticles from ‘clicked’ porphyrin–polymer conjugates. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and post-synthetic modification of a library of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ‘clicked’ triazole-linked porphyrin–polymer conjugates (PPCs), and their subsequent assembly into fluorescent bowl-shaped nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A. Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
| | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
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30
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Taba F, Sum TH, Sintic PJ, Lundmark AH, Crossley MJ. Synthesis of Steroid–Porphyrin Conjugates from Oestradiol, Oestrone, and Lithocholic Acid. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of porphyrin–steroid conjugates is examined using the natural steroids oestradiol, oestrone, and lithocholic acid as precursors. Two strategies differing in the timing of formation of the steroid–porphyrin linkage leading to four different construction motifs are explored. Two approaches are based on a strategy of introduction of steroidal components in the porphyrin-forming reaction involving condensation of steroidal-alkylaldehydes and pyrrole to give 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(steroidal-alkyl)porphyrins and differ in the way in which the required aldehyde is introduced to the steroidal component. In the other strategy, a steroidal component is introduced by post-porphyrin synthesis reactions and here also two approaches were explored, one involving nucleophilic substitution and the other esterification. Of the four approaches investigated, the most efficient and most versatile one attaches the steroidal components late in the sequence to a 5,10,15,20-tetra(ω-haloalkyl)porphyrin by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this way, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[oestrone-linked-heptyl)porphyrin was obtained in 47 % yield.
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31
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Morisue M, Fukui H, Shimizu M, Inoshita K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Chirality induction in binuclear phthalocyanine tweezers. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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