1
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Graf S, Pesch H, Appleson T, Lei T, Breder A, Siewert I. Mechanistic Analysis Reveals Key Role of Interchalcogen Multicatalysis in Photo-Aerobic 3-Pyrroline Syntheses by Aza-Wacker Cyclizations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301518. [PMID: 38214219 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A light-driven dual and ternary catalytic aza-Wacker protocol for the construction of 3-pyrrolines by partially disulfide-assisted selenium-π-acid multicatalysis is reported. A structurally diverse array of sulfonamides possessing homopolar mono-, di- and trisubstituted olefinic double bonds is selectively converted to the corresponding 3-pyrrolines in up to 95 % isolated yield and with good functional group tolerance. Advanced electrochemical mechanistic investigations of the protocol suggest a dual role of the disulfide co-catalyst. On the one hand, the disulfide serves as an electron hole shuttle between the excited photoredox catalyst and the selenium co-catalyst. On the other hand, the sulfur species engages in the final, product releasing step of the catalytic cycle by accelerating the β-elimination of the selenium moiety, which was found in many cases to lead to considerably improved product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Graf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henner Pesch
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Appleson
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tao Lei
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Breder
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Planer S, Małecki P, Trzaskowski B, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Sterically Tuned N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for the Efficient Formation of Hindered Products in Ru-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11394-11404. [PMID: 33123411 PMCID: PMC7587146 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of tetrasubstituted C-C double bonds via olefin metathesis is considered very challenging for classical Ru-based complexes. In the hope to improve this condition, three ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing sterically reduced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with xylyl "arms" were synthesized, characterized using both computational and experimental techniques, and tested in a number of challenging reactions. The catalysts are predicted to initiate much faster than the analogue with mesityl N-substituents. We also foreboded the rotation of xylyl side groups at ambient temperature and the existence of all four atropoisomers in the solution, which was in agreement with experimental data. These catalysts exhibited high activity at relatively low temperatures (45-60 °C) and at reduced catalyst loadings in various reactions of sterically hindered alkenes, including complex polyfunctional substrates of pharmaceutical interest, such as yangonin precursors, chrysantemic acid derivatives, analogues of cannabinoid agonists, α-terpineol, and finally a thermally unstable peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Planer
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Małecki
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Medran NS, La-Venia A, Testero SA. Metal-mediated synthesis of pyrrolines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6804-6844. [PMID: 35518475 PMCID: PMC9061060 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-membered, nitrogen-containing pyrroline ring is a privileged structure. This ring is present in many bioactive compounds from natural sources. Pyrrolines-the dihydro derivatives of pyrroles-have three structural isomer classes, depending on the location of the double bond: 1-pyrrolines (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroles), 2-pyrrolines (2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles) and 3-pyrrolines (2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrroles). This review aims to describe the latest advances for the synthesis of pyrrolines by transition metal-catalyzed cyclizations. Only reactions in which the pyrroline ring is formed by metal promotion are described. Transformations of the pyrroline ring in other heterocycles, and the structural manipulations of the pyrroline itself are not discussed. The review is organized into three parts, each covering the metal-mediated synthesis of the three pyrroline isomers. Each part is subdivided according to the metal involved, and concludes with a brief description of notable biological activities within the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S Medran
- Instituto de Química Rosario - IQUIR (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 Rosario S2002LRK Argentina http://www.iquir-conicet.gov.ar/eng/
| | - Agustina La-Venia
- Instituto de Química Rosario - IQUIR (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 Rosario S2002LRK Argentina http://www.iquir-conicet.gov.ar/eng/
| | - Sebastian A Testero
- Instituto de Química Rosario - IQUIR (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 Rosario S2002LRK Argentina http://www.iquir-conicet.gov.ar/eng/
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4
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Ambrosio C, Paradiso V, Costabile C, Bertolasi V, Caruso T, Grisi F. Stable ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing symmetrical NHC ligands with primary and secondary N-alkyl groups. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6615-6627. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ruthenium complexes with N,N′-dialkyl-substituted NHCs and their application in metathesis reactions involving model and biorenewable compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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5
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Paradiso V, Bertolasi V, Costabile C, Caruso T, Dąbrowski M, Grela K, Grisi F. Expanding the Family of Hoveyda–Grubbs Catalysts Containing Unsymmetrical NHC Ligands. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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6
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Synthesis of metathesis catalysts with fluorinated unsymmetrical N , N ’-diaryl imidazoline-based NHC ligands. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Based Catalysts Exchanging the Typical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by a Phosphine–Phosphonium Ylide. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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César V, Zhang Y, Kośnik W, Zieliński A, Rajkiewicz AA, Ruamps M, Bastin S, Lugan N, Lavigne G, Grela K. Ruthenium Catalysts Supported by Amino-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Olefin Metathesis of Challenging Substrates. Chemistry 2017; 23:1950-1955. [PMID: 27914097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands IMesNMe2 and IMes(NMe2)2 derived from the well-known IMes ligand by substituting the carbenic heterocycle with one and two dimethylamino groups, respectively, were employed for the synthesis of second-generation Grubbs- and Grubbs-Hoveyda-type ruthenium metathesis precatalysts. Whereas the stability of the complexes was found to depend on the degree of dimethylamino-substitution and on the type of complex, the backbone-substitution was shown to have a positive impact on their catalytic activity in ring-closing metathesis, with a more pronounced effect in the second-generation Grubbs-type series. The new complexes were successfully implemented in a number of challenging olefin metathesis reactions leading to the formation of tetra-substituted C=C double bonds and/or functionalized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Yin Zhang
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Wioletta Kośnik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Zieliński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam A Rajkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Guy Lavigne
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France), Fax: (+)33 (0) 5 61 55 30 03
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of silver and gold as novel tools against breast cancer progression. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2213-2229. [PMID: 27874288 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Metal carbenic complexes have received considerable attention in both the catalysis and biological fields for their potential applications in cancer and antimicrobial therapies. RESULTS A small series of new silver and gold N-heterocyclic carbene complexes has been designed and synthesized. Among the tested complexes, one compound was particularly active in inhibiting anchorage-dependent and -independent breast cancer proliferation, and inducing cell apoptosis via a mitochondria-related process. The antitumor activity was associated to the transcriptional activation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in an Sp1-dependent manner, as evidenced by biological and docking studies. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance and the versatility of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold and silver as useful tools against breast cancer progression.
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10
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Lipovská P, Rathouská L, Šimůnek O, Hošek J, Kolaříková V, Rybáčková M, Cvačka J, Svoboda M, Kvíčala J. Synthesis and catalytic activity of ruthenium complexes modified with chiral racemic per- and polyfluorooxaalkanoates. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Savka R, Bergmann M, Kanai Y, Foro S, Plenio H. Triptycene-Based Chiral andmeso-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:9667-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Savka
- Organometallic Chemistry; TU Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Marvin Bergmann
- Organometallic Chemistry; TU Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuki Kanai
- Organometallic Chemistry; TU Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Department of Materials Science; TU Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry; TU Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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12
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Poater A. Moving from Classical Ru-NHC to Neutral or Charged Rh-NHC Based Catalysts in Olefin Metathesis. Molecules 2016; 21:177. [PMID: 26840290 PMCID: PMC6273139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the versatility of oxidation states of rhodium together with the successful background of ruthenium-N-heterocyclic carbene based catalysts in olefin metathesis, it is envisaged the exchange of the ruthenium of the latter catalysts by rhodium, bearing an open-shell neutral rhodium center, or a +1 charged one. In the framework of in silico experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to plot the first catalytic cycle that as a first step includes the release of the phosphine. DFT is, in this case, the tool that allows the discovery of the less endergonic reaction profile from the precatalytic species for the neutral catalyst with respect to the corresponding ruthenium one; increasing the endergonic character when dealing with the charged system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Paradiso V, Costabile C, Grisi F. NHC Backbone Configuration in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis. Molecules 2016; 21:E117. [PMID: 26805793 PMCID: PMC6274038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of olefin metathesis ruthenium complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with stereogenic centers on the backbone are described. Differences in catalytic behavior depending on the backbone configurations of symmetrical and unsymmetrical NHCs are discussed. In addition, an overview on asymmetric olefin metathesis promoted by chiral catalysts bearing C₂-symmetric and C₁-symmetric NHCs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano I-84084, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano I-84084, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano I-84084, Salerno, Italy.
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14
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Perfetto A, Bertolasi V, Costabile C, Paradiso V, Caruso T, Longo P, Grisi F. Methyl and phenyl substituent effects on the catalytic behavior of NHC ruthenium complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NHCs with different combinations of methyl and phenyl substituents produce ruthenium second generation catalysts with different RCM behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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15
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Paradiso V, Bertolasi V, Costabile C, Grisi F. Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts featuring unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:561-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New second generation ruthenium catalysts bearing unsymmetrical NHCs show different catalytic efficiencies depending on the size of the N-alkyl group (methyl or cyclohexyl) and on the backbone configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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16
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Poater A, Cavallo L. A comprehensive study of olefin metathesis catalyzed by Ru-based catalysts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1767-80. [PMID: 26664596 PMCID: PMC4660983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During a Ru-catalyzed reaction of an olefin with an alkylidene moiety that leads to a metallacycle intermediate, the cis insertion of the olefin can occur from two different directions, namely side and bottom with respect to the phosphine or N-heterocyclic ligand (NHC), depending on the first or second generation Grubbs catalyst. Here, DFT calculations unravel to which extent the bottom coordination of olefins with respect is favored over the side coordination through screening a wide range of catalysts, including first and second generation Grubbs catalysts as well as the subsequent Hoveyda derivatives. The equilibrium between bottom and side coordination is influenced by sterics, electronics, and polarity of the solvent. The side attack is favored for sterically less demanding NHC and/or alkylidene ligands. Moreover the generation of a 14-electron species is also discussed, with either pyridine or phosphine ligands to dissociate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Stereolability of Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts With Frozen NHC Ligand Conformations Investigated by Dynamic-HPLC. Chirality 2015; 27:685-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Borguet Y, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Ruthenium catalysts bearing a benzimidazolylidene ligand for the metathetical ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloolefins. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9744-55. [PMID: 25734488 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deprotonation of 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with a strong base afforded 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene (BTol), which dimerized progressively into the corresponding dibenzotetraazafulvalene. The complexes [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] (COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and cis-[RhCl(CO)2(BTol)] were synthesized to probe the steric and electronic parameters of BTol. Comparison of the percentage of buried volume (%VBur) and of the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of BTol with those determined previously for 1,3-dimesitylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BMes) revealed that the two N-heterocyclic carbenes displayed similar electron donicities, yet the 2-tolyl substituents took a slightly greater share of the rhodium coordination sphere than the mesityl groups, due to a more pronounced tilt. The anti,anti conformation adopted by BTol in the molecular structure of [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] ensured nonetheless a remarkably unhindered access to the metal center, as evidenced by steric maps. Second-generation ruthenium-benzylidene and isopropoxybenzylidene complexes featuring the BTol ligand were obtained via phosphine exchange from the first generation Grubbs and Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts, respectively. The atropisomerism of the 2-tolyl substituents within [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PCy3)(BTol)] was investigated by using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of all four possible rotamers of [RuCl2(=CH-o-O(i)PrC6H4)(BTol)] were determined by X-ray crystallography. Both complexes were highly active at promoting the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of model α,ω-dienes. The replacement of BMes with BTol was particularly beneficial to achieve the ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloalkenes. More specifically, the stable isopropoxybenzylidene chelate enabled an almost quantitative RCM of two challenging substrates, viz., diethyl 2,2-bis(2-methylallyl)malonate and N,N-bis(2-methylallyl)tosylamide, within a few hours at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Borguet
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman par 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Hošek J, Rybáčková M, Čejka J, Cvačka J, Kvíčala J. Synthesis of Heavy Fluorous Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts Using the Stereoselective Addition of Polyfluoroalkyllithium to Sterically Hindered Diimines. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Rybáčková
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department
of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166
10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kvíčala
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Zhu X, Du H. A Highly Stereoselective Metal-Free Hydrogenation of Diimines for the Synthesis of Cis-Vicinal Diamines. Org Lett 2015; 17:3106-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and
Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and
Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paradiso V, Bertolasi V, Grisi F. Novel Olefin Metathesis Ruthenium Catalysts Bearing Backbone-Substituted Unsymmetrical NHC Ligands. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Perfetto A, Costabile C, Longo P, Grisi F. Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with Frozen NHC Ligand Conformations. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Costabile C, Sarno M, Grisi F, Latorraca N, Ciambelli P, Longo P. Influence of the catalyst-nanotube spacing on the synthesis of polymer-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes by “grafting from” approach. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mariconda A, Grisi F, Costabile C, Falcone S, Bertolasi V, Longo P. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behaviour of a palladium complex bearing a hydroxy-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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