1
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Matsoso JB, Antonatos N, Dekanovský L, Lontio Fomekong R, Elliot JD, Gianolio D, Mazánek V, Journet C, Sofer Z. Enhancing Nitrogen Reduction Reaction through Formation of 2 D/2D Hybrid Heterostructures of MoS 2@rGO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24514-24524. [PMID: 38687904 PMCID: PMC11103663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Given the challenging task of constructing an efficient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalyst with enhanced ambient condition performance, properties such as high specific surface area, fast electron transfer, and design of the catalyst surface constitute a group of key factors to be taken into consideration to guarantee outstanding catalytic performance and durability. Thereof, this work investigates the contribution of the 2D/2D heterojunction interface between MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the electrocatalytic synthesis of NH3 in an alkaline media. The results revealed remarkable NRR performance on the MoS2@rGO 2D/2D hybrid electrocatalyst, characterized by a high NRR sensitivity (faradaic efficiency) of 34.7% with an NH3 yield rate of 3.98 ± 0.19 mg h-1 cm-2 at an overpotential of -0.3 V vs RHE in 0.1 M KOH solution. The hybrid electrocatalysts also exhibited selectivity for NH3 synthesis against the production of the hydrazine (N2H4) byproduct, hindrance of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and good durability over an operation period of 8 h. In hindsight, the study presented a low-cost and highly efficient catalyst design for achieving enhanced ammonia synthesis in alkaline media via the formation of defect-rich ultrathin MoS2@rGO nanostructures, consisting predominantly of an HER-hindering hexagonal 2H-MoS2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce B. Matsoso
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Laboratoire
des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lukáš Dekanovský
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roussin Lontio Fomekong
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua D. Elliot
- Diamond
Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Park, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, U.K.
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond
Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Park, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, U.K.
| | - Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Journet
- Laboratoire
des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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2
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Liu L, Jiao L, Huang X. Mechanical properties of hydrogenated ψ-graphene. J Mol Model 2023; 29:185. [PMID: 37221384 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydrogenation is an effective way to open a band gap of the metallic ψ-graphene, expanding its application in electronics. Evaluating the mechanical properties of hydrogenated ψ-graphene, especially the effect of hydrogen coverage, is also crucial to the application of ψ-graphene. Here, we demonstrate the mechanical properties of ψ-graphene depend closely on the hydrogen coverage and arrangement. Upon hydrogenation, Young's modulus and intrinsic strength of ψ-graphene decrease due to breaking of sp2 carbon networks. Both the ψ-graphene and hydrogenated ψ-graphene exhibit mechanical anisotropy. During changing the hydrogen coverage, the variation of mechanical strength of the hydrogenated ψ-graphene relies on the tensile direction. In addition, the arrangement of hydrogen also contributes to the mechanical strength and fracture behavior of hydrogenated ψ-graphene. Our results not only present a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of hydrogenated ψ-graphene, but also provide a reference to tailor the mechanical properties of other graphene allotropes, which are of potential interest in materials science. METHODS Vienna ab initio simulation package based on the plane-wave pseudopotential technique was employed for the calculations. The exchange-correlation interaction was described by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional within the general gradient approximation and the ion-electron interaction was treated with the projected augmented wave pseudopotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sun C, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Liu XC, Wu Y, Ding Y, Zhang G. Spin filtering controller induced by phase transitions in fluorographane. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35718-35725. [PMID: 35492789 PMCID: PMC9043250 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and transport properties of fluorographane (C2HF) nanoribbons, i.e., bare (B-C2HF) and hydrogen-passivated (H-C2HF) C2HF nanoribbons, are extensively investigated using first-principles calculations. The results indicate that edge states are present in all the B-C2HF nanoribbons, which are not allowed in the H-C2HF nanoribbons regardless of the directions. The spin splitting phenomenon of band structure only appears in the zigzag direction. This behavior mainly originates from the dehydrogenation operation, which leads to sp2 hybridization at the edge. The H-C2HF nanoribbons are semiconductors with wide band gaps. However, the band gap of B-C2HF nanoribbons is significantly reduced. Remarkably, the phase transition can be induced by the changes in the magnetic coupling at the nanoribbon edges. In addition, the B-C2HF nanoribbons along the zigzag direction show optimal conductivity, which is consistent with the band structures. Furthermore, a perfect spin filtering controller can be achieved by changing the magnetization direction of the edge C atoms. These results may serve as a useful reference for the application of C2HF nanoribbons in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250300 China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250300 China
| | - Xiao-Cun Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250300 China
| | - Yanling Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250300 China
| | - Yongling Ding
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250300 China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science & Technology Harbin 150080 China
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4
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Li S, Lu Z, Yuan B, Hu R, Zhu M. Applications of Plasma-Assisted Systems for Advanced Electrode Material Synthesis and Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13909-13919. [PMID: 33730485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on advanced electrode materials (AEMs) has been explosive for the past decades and constantly promotes the development of batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, and photovoltaic applications. However, traditional preparation and modification methods can no longer meet the increasing requirements of some AEMs because some of the special reactions are thermodynamically and/or kinetically unfavorable and thus need harsh conditions. Among various recently developed advanced materials synthesis and modification routes, the plasma-assisted (PA) method has received increasing attention because of its unique and different "species reactivity" nature, as well as its wider and adjustable operating conditions. In this Spotlight on Applications, we highlight some recent developments and describe our recent progress by applying PA systems in the synthesis and modification of AEMs, including direct processing, PA deposition, and plasma milling (P-milling). The mechanisms of how plasma works for specific reactions are reviewed and discussed. It is shown that the PA technique has become a powerful and efficient tool in the following areas, including but not limited to materials synthesis, doping, surface modification, and functionalization. Finally, the prospect and challenges are also proposed for AEM preparation and modification using PA systems. This article aims to provide up-to-date information about the progress of PA technology in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchen Lu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Renzong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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5
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Chen YG, Ma X, Zhang XM. Design and synthesis of PbBiVO5 electrode by polymorph engineering for rechargeable battery. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Kachina A. Effect of mechanical strain on the energy of graphene-graphane interface: Theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang X, Jing Q, Ao S, Schneider GF, Kireev D, Zhang Z, Fu W. Ultrasensitive Field-Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902820. [PMID: 31592577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a critical overview of current developments on nanoelectronic biochemical sensors based on graphene. Composed of a single layer of conjugated carbon atoms, graphene has outstanding high carrier mobility and low intrinsic electrical noise, but a chemically inert surface. Surface functionalization is therefore crucial to unravel graphene sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of targeted analytes. To achieve optimal performance of graphene transistors for biochemical sensing, the tuning of the graphene surface properties via surface functionalization and passivation is highlighted, as well as the tuning of its electrical operation by utilizing multifrequency ambipolar configuration and a high frequency measurement scheme to overcome the Debye screening to achieve low noise and highly sensitive detection. Potential applications and prospectives of ultrasensitive graphene electronic biochemical sensors ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety, healthcare and medical diagnosis, to life science research, are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qiushi Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shen Ao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78757, USA
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shaw Technical Science Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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8
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López Marzo AM, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Pumera M. 3D-printed graphene direct electron transfer enzyme biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 151:111980. [PMID: 31999587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offers attractive possibilities for many fields. In electrochemistry, 3D printing technology has been used to fabricate customized 3D-printed electrodes as a platform to develop bio/sensing, energy generation and storage devices. Here, we use a 3D-printed graphene/polylactic (PLA) electrode made by additive manufacturing technology and immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to create a direct electron transfer enzyme-based biosensors for hydrogen peroxide detection. Gold nanoparticles are included in the system to confirm and facilitate heterogeneous electron transfer. This work opens a new direction for the fabrication of third-generation electrochemical biosensors using 3D printing technology, with implications for applications in the environmental and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaris M López Marzo
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
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9
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Shao Y, Jiang Z, Zhang Q, Guan J. Progress in Nonmetal-Doped Graphene Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2133-2146. [PMID: 30806034 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to energy shortages and environmental pollution, green energy sources such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells and metal-air batteries play a more and more important role, whereby the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the rate-determining step. Development of high-efficiency and stable catalysts to facilitate the ORR is of importance. Graphene is a new type of material with two-dimensional structure and high surface area, which has wide-ranging applications in many fields. However, graphene with zero band gap shows low electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR. Introduction of nonmetal atoms can change the electronic arrangement, generate active sites, and further improve the catalytic activity of graphene. Some nonmetal-doping strategies (e.g., N, S, and P doping) can promote ORR activity. Herein, the recent development of nonmetal-doped graphene catalysts for ORR is reviewed. Some common synthetic methods for nonmetal-doped graphene materials are summarized, and the active sites and possible reaction mechanisms for ORR on various nonmetal-doped graphene catalysts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mu Danjiang Normal School, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhenshuang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mu Danjiang Normal School, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingqi Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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10
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Novák M, Marek R, Foroutan-Nejad C. Anti-Electrostatic CH-Ion Bonding in Decorated Graphanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:14931-14936. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Novák
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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11
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Fu W, Jiang L, van Geest EP, Lima LMC, Schneider GF. Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603610. [PMID: 27896865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene - at least ideal graphene - is highly chemically inert. The functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface - both covalently and non-covalently - are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. The authors are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors hold great promise to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Fu
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Jiang
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P van Geest
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lia M C Lima
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Pumera M, Sofer Z. Towards stoichiometric analogues of graphene: graphane, fluorographene, graphol, graphene acid and others. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4450-4463. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric derivatives of graphene, having well-defined chemical structure and well-defined chemical bonds, are of a great interest to the 2D materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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13
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Bouša D, Pumera M, Sedmidubský D, Šturala J, Luxa J, Mazánek V, Sofer Z. Fine tuning of graphene properties by modification with aryl halogens. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1493-1502. [PMID: 26676958 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06295k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives belong to one of the most intensively studied materials. The radical reaction using halogen derivatives of arene-diazonium salts can be used for effective control of graphene's electronic properties. In our work we investigated the influence of halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) as well as their position on the benzene ring towards the electronic and electrochemical properties of modified graphenes. The electronegativity as well as the position of the halogen atoms on the benzene ring has crucial influence on graphene's properties due to the inductive and mesomeric effects. The results of resistivity measurement are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations of electron density within chemically modified graphene sheets. Such simple chemical modifications of graphene can be used for controllable and scalable synthesis of graphene with tunable transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bouša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - M Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore.
| | - D Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - J Šturala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - V Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Z Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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14
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Singh RK, Kumar R, Singh DP. Graphene oxide: strategies for synthesis, reduction and frontier applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07626b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we describe a general introduction to GO, its synthesis, reduction and some selected frontier applications. Its low cost and potential for mass production make GO a promising building block for functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- School of Physical & Material Sciences
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP)
- Dharamshala
- India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Center for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnology (CCS Nano)
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- 13083-870 Campinas
- Brazil
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15
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Eng AYS, Sofer Z, Huber Š, Bouša D, Maryško M, Pumera M. Hydrogenated Graphenes by Birch Reduction: Influence of Electron and Proton Sources on Hydrogenation Efficiency, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry. Chemistry 2015; 21:16828-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Mazánek V, Jankovský O, Luxa J, Sedmidubský D, Janoušek Z, Šembera F, Mikulics M, Sofer Z. Tuning of fluorine content in graphene: towards large-scale production of stoichiometric fluorographene. NANOSCALE 2015. [PMID: 26214601 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The availability of well-defined modified graphene derivatives such as fluorographene, graphane, thiographene or hydroxygraphene is of pivotal importance for tuning the resulting material properties in numerous potential applications. A series of fluorinated graphene with various contents of fluorine was synthesized by a simple fluorination procedure in an autoclave with a nitrogen/fluorine atmosphere at different exposure times and temperatures. To investigate the composition, structure and properties all samples were characterized in detail by a number of analytical techniques such as SEM, XRD, EDS, AFM, STEM, combustible elemental analysis, STA, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The fully fluorinated graphene with the overall stoichiometry C1F1.05 had a bright white color indicating a significant change of band-gap. In comparison to other samples such a high concentration of fluorine led to the occurrence of exotic thermal behavior, strong luminescence in the visible spectral region and also the unique super-hydrophobic behavior observed on the material surface. The described tunable fluorination should pave the way to fluorographene based devices with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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17
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Schwenke AM, Hoeppener S, Schubert US. Synthesis and Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials utilizing Microwave Heating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4113-4141. [PMID: 26087742 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis and processing represents a growing field in materials research and successfully entered the field of carbon nanomaterials during the last decade. Due to the strong interaction of carbon materials with microwave radiation, fast heating rates and localized heating can be achieved. These features enable the acceleration of reaction processes, as well as the formation of nanostructures with special morphologies. A comprehensive overview is provided here on the possibilities and achievements in the field of carbon-nanomaterial research when using microwave-based heating approaches. This includes the synthesis and processing of carbon nanotubes and fibers, graphene materials, carbon nanoparticles, and capsules, as well as porous carbon materials. Additionally, the principles of microwave-heating, in particular of carbon materials, are introduced and important issues, i.e., safety and reproducibility, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut M Schwenke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Šimek P, Klímová K, Sedmidubský D, Jankovský O, Pumera M, Sofer Z. Towards graphene iodide: iodination of graphite oxide. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:261-270. [PMID: 25407247 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated graphene derivatives are interesting owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. In this paper, we present various methods for the synthesis of iodinated graphene derivatives by the iodination of graphite oxides prepared according to either the Hummers or Hofmann method. Both graphite oxides were iodinated by iodine or hydroiodic acid under reflux or in an autoclave at elevated temperatures (240 °C) and pressures (over 100 bar). The influence of both graphite oxide precursors on the properties of resulting iodinated graphenes was investigated by various techniques, including SEM, SEM-EDS, high-resolution XPS, FTIR, STA, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical resistivity was measured by a standard four point technique. In addition, the electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Although the iodinated graphenes were structurally similar, they had remarkably different concentrations of iodine. The most highly iodinated graphenes (iodine concentration above 30 wt%) exhibited relatively high C/O ratios, confirming high degrees of reduction. Iodine is incorporated in the form of covalent bonds to carbon atoms or as polyiodide anions non-covalently bonded through the charge transfer reaction with the graphene framework. Iodinated graphenes with such properties could be used as the starting material for further chemical modifications or as flame-retardant additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šimek
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Sofer Z, Šimek P, Mazánek V, Šembera F, Janoušek Z, Pumera M. Fluorographane (C1HxF1−x−δ)n: synthesis and properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5633-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorographane (C1HxF1−x−δ)n was obtained from graphene by hydrogenation via the Birch reaction with consequent fluorination of the resulting graphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
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20
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Ambrosi A, Chua CK, Bonanni A, Pumera M. Electrochemistry of Graphene and Related Materials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7150-88. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Chun Kiang Chua
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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21
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Chng ELK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Cytotoxicity profile of highly hydrogenated graphene. Chemistry 2014; 20:6366-73. [PMID: 24711117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its graphene-related counterparts have been considered the future of advanced nanomaterials owing to their exemplary properties. An increase in their potential applications in the biomedical field has led to serious concerns regarding their safety and impact on health. To understand the toxicity profile for a particular type of graphene utilized in a given application, it is important to recognize the differences between the graphene-related components and correlate their cellular toxicity effects to the attributed physiochemical properties. In this study, the cytoxicity effects of highly hydrogenated graphene (HHG) and its graphene oxide (GO) counterpart on the basis of in vitro toxicological assessments are reported and the effects correlated with the physiochemical properties of the tested nanomaterials. Upon 24 h exposure to the nanomaterials, a dose-dependent cellular cytotoxic effect was exhibited and the HHG was observed to be more cytotoxic than its GO control. Detailed characterization revealed an extensive C-H sp(3) network on the carbon backbone of HHG with few oxygen-containing groups, as opposed to the presence of large amounts of oxygen-containing groups on the GO. It is therefore hypothesized that the preferential adsorption of micronutrients on the surface of the HHG nanomaterial by means of hydrophobic interactions resulted in a reduction in the bioavailability of nutrients required for cellular viability. The nanotoxicological profile of highly hydrogenated graphene is assessed for the first time in our study, thereby paving the way for further evaluation of the toxicity risks involved with the utilization of various graphene-related nanomaterials in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lay Khim Chng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 (Singapore)
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Sofer Z, Jankovský O, Šimek P, Soferová L, Sedmidubský D, Pumera M. Highly hydrogenated graphene via active hydrogen reduction of graphene oxide in the aqueous phase at room temperature. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2153-2160. [PMID: 24366534 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenated graphene and graphane are in the forefront of graphene research. Hydrogenated graphene is expected to exhibit ferromagnetism, tunable band gap, fluorescence, and high thermal and low electrical conductivity. Currently available techniques for fabrication of highly hydrogenated graphene use either a liquid ammonia (-33 °C) reduction pathway using alkali metals or plasma low pressure or ultra high pressure hydrogenation. These methods are either technically challenging or pose inherent risks. Here we wish to demonstrate that highly hydrogenated graphene can be prepared at room temperature in the aqueous phase by reduction of graphene oxide by nascent hydrogen generated by dissolution of metal in acid. Nascent hydrogen is known to be a strong reducing agent. We studied the influence of metal involved in nascent hydrogen generation and characterized the samples in detail. The resulting reduced graphenes and hydrogenated graphenes were characterized in detail. The resulting hydrogenated graphene had the chemical formula C1.16H1O0.66. Such simple hydrogenation of graphene is of high importance for large scale safe synthesis of hydrogenated graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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