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Li J, Xu Y, Li P, Völkel A, Saldaña FI, Antonietti M, López-Salas N, Odziomek M. Beyond Conventional Carbon Activation: Creating Porosity without Etching Using Cesium Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311655. [PMID: 38240357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Facile synthesis of porous carbon with high yield and high specific surface area (SSA) from low-cost molecular precursors offers promising opportunities for their industrial applications. However, conventional activation methods using potassium and sodium hydroxides or carbonates suffer from low yields (<20%) and poor control over porosity and composition especially when high SSAs are targeted (>2000 m2 g-1) because nanopores are typically created by etching. Herein, a non-etching activation strategy is demonstrated using cesium salts of low-cost carboxylic acids as the sole precursor in producing porous carbons with yields of up to 25% and SSAs reaching 3008 m2 g-1. The pore size and oxygen content can be adjusted by tuning the synthesis temperature or changing the molecular precursor. Mechanistic investigation unravels the non-classical role of cesium as an activating agent. The cesium compounds that form in situ, including carbonates, oxides, and metallic cesium, have extremely low work function enabling electron injection into organic/carbonaceous framework, promoting condensation, and intercalation of cesium ions into graphitic stacks forming slit pores. The resulting porous carbons deliver a high capacity of 252 mAh g-1 (567 F g-1) and durability of 100 000 cycles as cathodes of Zn-ion capacitors, showing their potential for electrochemical energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Institute of Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pengzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Antje Völkel
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mateusz Odziomek
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Sun H, He H, Ni SF, Guo W. Asymmetric (4+1) Annulations by Cascade Allylation and Transient σ-Alkyl-Pd(II) Initiated Allylic Csp 3 -H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315438. [PMID: 37920927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A unique Pd-catalyzed approach for asymmetric (4+1) annulations via cascade allylation and transient σ-alkyl-Pd(II) initiated methylene Csp3 -H activation is reported. The enolate fragment derived from the decarboxylation of vinyl methylene carbonate is crucial to stabilize the key intermediate. These reactions enable the synthesis of various useful dihydrobenzofurans with excellent enantioselectivity, typically >95 : 5 er, and exclusive (Z)-stereoselectivity. Compared with the well-established annulations via Heck-type C-H activations, this protocol showcases a conceptually new way to generate σ-alkyl-Pd(II) species that could initiate challenging asymmetric Csp3 -H activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanxiang Road 99, Xi'an, 710045, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wusheng Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanxiang Road 99, Xi'an, 710045, China
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Estarellas C, Arioli F, Pérez M, Are C, Hevia D, Molins E, Luque FJ, Bosch J, Amat M. Origin of the Base-Dependent Facial Selectivity in Annulation Reactions of Nazarov-Type Reagents with Unsaturated Indolo[2,3- a]quinolizidine Lactams. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Estarellas
- Department of Nutrition; Food Sciences and Gastronomy; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
| | - Federica Arioli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition; Food Sciences and Gastronomy; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
| | - Celeste Are
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials (CSIC); Campus UAB 08193 Cerdanyola Spain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition; Food Sciences and Gastronomy; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet Spain
| | - Joan Bosch
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Amat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB); University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Sures DJ, Sahu SK, Molina PI, Navrotsky A, Nyman M. Distinctive Interactions of Cesium and Hexaniobate in Water. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Sures
- Department of Chemistry; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331; nyman.chem.oregonstate.edu
| | - Sulata K. Sahu
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and Nanomaterials in the Environment; Agriculture, and Technology Organized Research Unit; navrotsky.engr.ucdavis.edu; University of California Davis; Davis CA 95616
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Pedro I. Molina
- Department of Chemistry; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331; nyman.chem.oregonstate.edu
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and Nanomaterials in the Environment; Agriculture, and Technology Organized Research Unit; navrotsky.engr.ucdavis.edu; University of California Davis; Davis CA 95616
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331; nyman.chem.oregonstate.edu
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