1
|
Sivalingam V, Parbin M, Krishnaswamy S, Chand DK. Cage-To-Cage Transformations in Self-Assembled Coordination Cages Using "Acid/Base" or "Guest Binding-Induced Strain" as Stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403711. [PMID: 38567836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Controlling supramolecular systems between different functional forms by utilizing acids/bases as stimuli is a formidable challenge, especially where labile coordination bonds are involved. A pair of acid/base responsive, interconvertible 1,5-enedione/pyrylium based Pd2L4-type cages are prepared that exhibit differential guest binding abilities towards disulfonates of varied sizes. A three-state switch has been achieved, where (i) a weakly coordinating base induced cage-to-cage transformation in the first step, (ii) a strongly coordinating base triggered cage disassembly as the second step, and (iii) the third step shows acid(strong) promoted generation of initial cage, thereby completing the cycle. To our surprise, binding of a specific disulfonate guest facilitated cage-to-cage transformations by inducing strain on the cage assembly thereby opening the labile pyrylium rings of the cage. Through a competitive guest binding study, we demonstrated the superior guest binding capability of the octacationic pyrylium-based cage over a similar-sized tetracationic cage. These results provide a reliable approach to reversibly modulate the guest binding properties of acid/base-responsive self-assembled coordination cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaiyadevan Sivalingam
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Minaz Parbin
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shobhana Krishnaswamy
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pearcy AC, Lisboa LS, Preston D, Page NB, Lawrence T, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Exploiting reduced-symmetry ligands with pyridyl and imidazole donors to construct a second-generation stimuli-responsive heterobimetallic [PdPtL 4] 4+ cage. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8615-8623. [PMID: 37592996 PMCID: PMC10430685 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sequential metalation strategy that enables the assembly of a new more robust reduced symmetry heterobimetallic [PdPtL4]4+ cage C is reported. By exploiting a low-symmetry ditopic ligand (L) that features imidazole and pyridine donor units we were able to selectively form a [Pt(L)4]2+ "open-cage" complex. When this was treated with Pd(ii) ions the cage C assembled. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the quantitative formation of the cage and the heterobimetallic structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The cage C was shown to bind anionic guest molecules. NMR studies suggested that these guests interacted with the cavity of the cage in a specific orientation and this was confirmed for the mesylate ion (MsO-) : C host-guest adduct using X-ray crystallography. In addition, the system was shown to be stimulus-responsive and could be opened and closed on demand when treated with appropriate stimuli. If a guest molecule was bound within the cage, the opening and closing was accompanied by the release and re-uptake of the guest molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aston C Pearcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Lynn S Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Nick B Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Tristan Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Banerjee R, Bhattacharyya S, Mukherjee PS. Synthesis of an Adaptable Molecular Barrel and Guest Mediated Stabilization of Its Metastable Higher Homologue. JACS AU 2023; 3:1998-2006. [PMID: 37502154 PMCID: PMC10369414 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional modulation of three-dimensional artificial macromolecular systems is of immense importance. Designing supramolecular cages that can show stimuli mediated reversible switching between higher-order structures is quite challenging. We report here construction of a Pd6 trifacial barrel (1) by coordination self-assembly. Surprisingly, barrel 1 was found to exhibit guest-responsive behavior. In presence of fullerenes C60 and C70, 1 unprecedentedly transformed to its metastable higher homologue Pd8 tetrafacial barrel (2), forming stable host-guest complexes (C60)3⊂2 and (C70)2⊂2, respectively. Again, encapsulated fullerenes could be extracted from the cavity of 2 using 1,2-dichlorobenzene, leading to its facile conversion to the parent trifacial barrel 1. Such reversible structural interconversion between an adaptable molecular barrel and its guest stabilized higher homologue is an uncommon observation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tremlett WDJ, Söhnel T, Crowley JD, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG. Ferrocene-Derived Palladium(II)-Based Metallosupramolecular Structures: Synthesis, Guest Interaction, and Stimulus-Responsiveness Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3616-3628. [PMID: 36791401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Using ferrocene-based ligand systems, a series of heterobimetallic architectures of the general formula [PdmLn]x+ were designed with the aim of installing an opening and closing mechanism that would allow the release and binding of guest molecules. Palladium complex formation was achieved through coordination to pyridyl groups, and using 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl derivatives provided access to defined PdL, PdL2, and Pd2L4 structures, respectively. The supramolecular complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis, and for some examples density functional theory calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate disassembly and reassembly of the metallosupramolecular structures. The former was induced by cleavage of the relatively labile Pd-Npyridyl bonds with the introduction of the competing ligands N,N'-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Cl- (using tetrabutylammonium chloride) to yield [Pd(DMAP)4]2+ and [PdCl4]2-, respectively. The process was found to be reversible for several of the heterodimetallic compounds, with the addition of H+ or Ag+ triggering complex reassembly. Guest binding studies with several architectures revealed interactions with the anionic guests p-toluenesulfonate and octyl sulfate, but not with neutral molecules. Furthermore, the release of guests was reversibly induced with Cl- ions as a stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D J Tremlett
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lisboa LS, Riisom M, Dunne HJ, Preston D, Jamieson SMF, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Hydrazone- and imine-containing [PdPtL 4] 4+ cages: a comparative study of the stability and host-guest chemistry. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18438-18445. [PMID: 36416449 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new [PdPtL4]4+ heterobimetallic cage containing hydrazone linkages has been synthesised using the sub-component self-assembly approach. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the formation of the [PdPtL4]4+ architecture. The cage was stimulus-responsive and could be partially disassembled and reassembled by the addition of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and p-tolenesulfonic acid (TsOH), respectively. Additionally, the stability of the hydrazone cage against hydrolysis in the presence of water and nucleophilic decomposition in the presence of guest molecules was compared to a previously synthesised imine-containing [PdPtL4]4+ cage. It was established that the hydrazone linkage was more resistant to hydrolysis. Furthermore, the host-guest (HG) chemistry with a series of drug and drug-like molecules was examined. The hydrazone cage was shown to interact with cisplatin while the smaller imine cage was shown to interact with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in CD3CN. No HG interactions were observed in the more polar d6-DMSO. In vitro antiproliferative activity studies demonstrated both cages were active against the cancer cell lines tested and displayed half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) values in the range of 25-35 μM. Most [PdPtL4]4+-drug mixtures tested had higher IC50 values than the hosts. However, the [PdPtL4]4+ cages, and [PdPtL4]4+:drug mixtures were less cytotoxic than the well established anticancer drugs cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Dunne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang XD, Song Y, Pei WY, Ma JF. Single-Component White Light Emission from a Metal-Coordinated Cyclotriveratrylene-Based Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10768-10773. [PMID: 35786953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A coordination polymer, namely, [Cd3L(H2O)3]·DMA·4H2O (1) (DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide), was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of cyclotriveratrylene-based ligand 5,6,12,13,19,20-hexacarboxy-methoxy-cyclotriveratrylene (H6L) and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O. In 1, a two-dimensional structure was constructed by the connection of hexanuclear Cd-O clusters and L6- anions. Photoluminescence measurements indicated that 1 displayed tunable photoluminescence through the variation of the excitation wavelength. Significantly, the white light emission of 1 can be observed with a broad excitation wavelength range from 320 to 385 nm. When 1 is excited by 385 nm light, its chromatic coordinate is (0.29, 0.34), which is located very close to the pure white light region (0.33, 0.33). Meanwhile, the color temperature (CCT) is 7994 K, which corresponds well to "cold" white light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jian-Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu J, Li C, Li X, Wang Q, Zou L. Different-shaped ligand mediating efficient structurally similar cage-to-cage transformation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Benchimol E, Nguyen BNT, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Transformation networks of metal-organic cages controlled by chemical stimuli. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5101-5135. [PMID: 35661155 PMCID: PMC9207707 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of biomolecules enables them to adapt and transform as a result of signals received from the external environment, expressing different functions in different contexts. In similar fashion, coordination cages can undergo stimuli-triggered transformations owing to the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Different types of stimuli can trigger dynamic reconfiguration of these metal-organic assemblies, to switch on or off desired functionalities. Such adaptable systems are of interest for applications in switchable catalysis, selective molecular recognition or as transformable materials. This review highlights recent advances in the transformation of cages using chemical stimuli, providing a catalogue of reported strategies to transform cages and thus allow the creation of new architectures. Firstly we focus on strategies for transformation through the introduction of new cage components, which trigger reconstitution of the initial set of components. Secondly we summarize conversions triggered by external stimuli such as guests, concentration, solvent or pH, highlighting the adaptation processes that coordination cages can undergo. Finally, systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli are described. Such systems constitute composite chemical networks with the potential for more complex behaviour. We aim to offer new perspectives on how to design transformation networks, in order to shed light on signal-driven transformation processes that lead to the preparation of new functional metal-organic architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Bao-Nguyen T Nguyen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kennedy ADW, DiNardi RG, Fillbrook LL, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible-Light Switching of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104461. [PMID: 35102616 PMCID: PMC9302685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable ligand and palladium(II) ions form a dynamic mixture of self-assembled metallosupramolecular structures. The photoswitching ligand is an ortho-fluoroazobenzene with appended pyridyl groups. Combining the E-isomer with palladium(II) salts affords a double-walled triangle with composition [Pd3 L6 ]6+ and a distorted tetrahedron [Pd4 L8 ]8+ (1 : 2 ratio at 298 K). Irradiation with 410 nm light generates a photostationary state with approximately 80 % of the E-isomer of the ligand and results in the selective disassembly of the tetrahedron, the more thermodynamically stable structure, and the formation of the triangle, the more kinetically inert product. The triangle is then slowly transformed back into the tetrahedron over 2 days at 333 K. The Z-isomer of the ligand does not form any well-defined structures and has a thermal half-life of 25 days at 298 K. This approach shows how a thermodynamically preferred self-assembled structure can be reversibly pumped to a kinetic trap by small perturbations of the isomer distribution using non-destructive visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray G. DiNardi
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Lucy L. Fillbrook
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jonathon E. Beves
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hendi Z, Jamali S, Mahmoudi S, Samouei H, Nayeri S, Chabok SMJ, Jamshidi Z. Metal-Organic Cubane Cage with Trimethylplatinum(IV) Vertices. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:15-19. [PMID: 34890191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of the first platinum(IV) metal-organic cage [(Me3PtIV)8(byp)12](OTf)8 (2), in which the organometallic moieties trimethylplatinum(IV) (PtMe3) occupied the corners of a cubane structure and 4,4'-bipyridine ligands used as linkers. The first-principles density functional theory calculations showed that the highest occupied molecular orbitals were localized on the PtMe3 moieties, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals were distributed on the organic linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155, Iran
| | - Sirous Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155, Iran
| | - Soheil Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hamidreza Samouei
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Sara Nayeri
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dekhtiarenko M, Pascal S, Elhabiri M, Mazan V, Canevet D, Allain M, Carré V, Aubriet F, Voitenko Z, Sallé M, Siri O, Goeb S. Reversible pH-Controlled Catenation of a Benzobisimidazole-Based Tetranuclear Rectangle. Chemistry 2021; 27:15922-15927. [PMID: 34478209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of methodologies to control on demand and reversibly supramolecular transformations from self-assembled metalla-structures requires the rational design of architectures able to answer to an applied stimulus. While solvent or concentration changes, light exposure or addition of a chemical have been largely explored to provide these transformations, the case of pH sensitive materials is less described. Herein, we report the first example of a pH-triggered dissociation of a coordination-driven self-assembled interlocked molecular link. It incorporates a pH sensitive benzobisimidazole-based ligand that can be selectively protonated on its bisimidazole moieties. This generates intermolecular electrostatic repulsions that reduces drastically the stability of the interlocked structure, leading to its dissociation without any sign of protonation of the pyridine moieties involved in the coordination bonds. Importantly, the dissociation process is reversible through addition of a base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Dekhtiarenko
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valerie Mazan
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Canevet
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Marc Sallé
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Britton E, Ansell RJ, Howard MJ, Hardie MJ. Self-Assembly and Host-Guest Interactions of Pd 3L 2 Metallo-cryptophanes with Photoisomerizable Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12912-12923. [PMID: 34370947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New photoswitchable pyridyl-azo-phenyl-decorated tripodal host ligands (Laz) that belong to the cyclotriveratrylene family have been synthesized, and their photoswitching behavior and crystal structures determined. The latter includes a remarkable 7-fold Borromean-weave entanglement of π-π stacked layers. Trigonal bipyramidal {[Pd(en)]3(Laz)2}6+ metallo-cryptophanes (en = ethylenediamine) were formed from these and a previously known pyridyl-azo-phenyl-decorated tripodal host ligand. These coordination cages dissociate at low concentrations and are less robust to photoswitching of the Laz ligands than were previously reported Ir(III)-linked metallo-cryptophanes with similar ligands, reflecting the greater lability of the Pd-N bonds. The {[Pd(en)]3(Laz)2}6+ cages all act as hosts, binding octyl sulfate anions, or N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,8-naphthalimide in a dimethyl sulfoxide solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Britton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard J Ansell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Mark J Howard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michaele J Hardie
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hiraoka S, Takahashi S, Sato H. Coordination Self-Assembly Processes Revealed by Collaboration of Experiment and Theory: Toward Kinetic Control of Molecular Self-Assembly. CHEM REC 2020; 21:443-459. [PMID: 33241912 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the collaboration of experiment and theory has been proven in many examples in science and technology. Here, such a new example is shown in the investigation of molecular self-assembly process, which is a complicated multi-step chemical reaction occurring in the reaction network composed of a huge number of intermediates. An experimental method, QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), developed by us and a numerical approach, NASAP (numerical analysis of self-assembly process), that analyzes the experimental data obtained by QASAP to draw detail molecular self-assembly pathways, which was also developed by us, are introduced, and their application to the investigation of Pd(II)-mediated coordination assemblies are presented. Further, the possibility of the prediction of the outcomes of molecular self-assembly by varying the reaction conditions is also demonstrated. Finally, a future direction in the field of artificial molecular self-assembly based on pathway-dependent self-assembly, that is, kinetic control of molecular self-assembly is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalyst and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim D, Seo KD, Moon D, Shim YB, Lee SH, Jung OS. Chiral Pd 6L 8 Nanocube Pairs: Recognition of Chiral Amino Acids via Electrochemistry. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5808-5812. [PMID: 32207297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of PdX2 (X- = ClO4- and PF6-) with C3-symmetric l- and d-L [L = (2S,2'S,2″S)- and (2R,2'R,2″R)-[benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl)]tris(3-phenylpropane-2,1-diyl)triisonicotinate] produces the chiral nanocube pair [Pd6(l-L)8](X)12 and [Pd6(d-L)8](X)12 (X- = ClO4- and PF6-, respectively) with an inner cavity of 12.3 × 12.3 × 12.3 Å3. These chiral nanocubes are effective for the enantiorecognition of various chiral amino acids via the square-wave-voltammetry technique. In the present study, the site of enantiorecognition was confirmed by density functional theory calculated interactions between each nanocube and the chiral amino acids, and the calculated interactions were coincident with the shifts of the electrochemical oxidation potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lisboa LS, Findlay JA, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. A Reduced‐Symmetry Heterobimetallic [PdPtL
4
]
4+
Cage: Assembly, Guest Binding, and Stimulus‐Induced Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11101-11107. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - James A. Findlay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lisboa LS, Findlay JA, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. A Reduced‐Symmetry Heterobimetallic [PdPtL
4
]
4+
Cage: Assembly, Guest Binding, and Stimulus‐Induced Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - James A. Findlay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Debata NB, Tripathy D, Sahoo HS. Development of coordination driven self-assembled discrete spherical ensembles. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Jansze SM, Severin K. Palladium-Based Metal-Ligand Assemblies: The Contrasting Behavior upon Addition of Pyridine or Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:815-819. [PMID: 30620177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of five different [Pd n(N-donor) m]2 n+ assemblies was examined by performing disassembly experiments with pyridine and with trifluoroacetic acid. Pyridine-induced disassembly was found to be most pronounced for Pd complexes containing N-donor ligands of low basicity. At the same time, these assemblies displayed high acid resistance. The contrasting stability in the presence of acid or pyridine can be used for the pH-controlled switching between different metallosupramolecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oldknow S, Martir DR, Pritchard VE, Blitz MA, Fishwick CWG, Zysman-Colman E, Hardie MJ. Structure-switching M 3L 2 Ir(iii) coordination cages with photo-isomerising azo-aromatic linkers. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8150-8159. [PMID: 30542566 PMCID: PMC6238882 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclotriguaiacylene has been functionalised with 3- or 4-pyridyl-azo-phenyl groups to form a series of molecular hosts with three azobenzene-type groups that exhibit reversible photo-isomerisation. Reaction of the host molecules with [Ir(C^N)2(NCMe)2]+ where C^N is the cyclometallating 2-phenylpyridinato, 2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridinato or 2-(4,5,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridinato results in the self-assembly of a family of five different [{Ir(C^N)2}3(L)2]3+ coordination cages. Photo-irradiation of each of the cages with a high energy laser results in E → Z photo-isomerisation of the pyridyl-azo-phenyl groups with up to 40% of groups isomerising. Isomerisation can be reversed by exposure to blue light. Thus, the cages show reversible structure-switching while maintaining their compositional integrity. This represents the largest photo-induced structural change yet reported for a structurally-integral component of a coordination cage. Energy minimised molecular models indicate a switched cage has a smaller internal space than the initial all-E isomer. The [Ir(C^N)2(NCMe)2]+ cages are weakly emissive, each with a deep blue luminescence at ca. 450 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Oldknow
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Victoria E Pritchard
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Colin W G Fishwick
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Michaele J Hardie
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jansze SM, Ortiz D, Fadaei Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Menin L, Severin K. Inflating face-capped Pd 6L 8 coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9529-9532. [PMID: 30094441 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tritopic metalloligands were used to form two Pd6L8-type coordination cages. With molecular weights of more than 15 kDa and PdPd distances of up to 4.2 nm, these complexes are among the largest palladium cages described to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kai S, Kojima T, Thorp-Greenwood FL, Hardie MJ, Hiraoka S. How does chiral self-sorting take place in the formation of homochiral Pd 6L 8 capsules consisting of cyclotriveratrylene-based chiral tritopic ligands? Chem Sci 2018; 9:4104-4108. [PMID: 29780539 PMCID: PMC5944248 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chiral self-sorting in the formation of homochiral Pd6L8 capsules consisting of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV)-based chiral tritopic ligands and Pd(ii) ions takes place through the initial formation of heterochiral Pd6L8X2 (X indicates a leaving ligand) immature capsules (ICs) followed by the correction of chirality in the ICs assisted by the free tritopic ligands to lead to the homochiral capsules.
The chiral self-sorting process during the self-assembly of homochiral Pd6L8 capsules from cyclotriveratrylene (CTV)-based chiral tritopic ligands (L) and (Py*: 3-chloropyridine) was investigated by an NMR-based approach (QASAP: quantitative analysis of the self-assembly process). From the beginning to the formation of the immature capsules (ICs), enantiomeric ligands are distributed in the intermediates in a non-self-sorting manner, which leads to the isomers of heterochiral ICs over 99% yield. The mismatch of the chirality in the heterochiral ICs prevents intramolecular ligand exchanges in ICs to form the heterochiral capsules. The correction of the chirality in the heterochiral ICs (chiral self-sorting) takes place very slowly to finally lead to the homochiral capsules. The reason why the chiral self-sorting took place in the late stage of the self-assembly (after the formation of the heterochiral ICs) would be due to the relatively high flexibility of the CTV-based ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic Science , Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan .
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science , Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan .
| | | | - Michaele J Hardie
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science , Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Over the past few decades, supramolecular chirality in discrete metallosupramolecular architectures has received considerable attention. In this review, a comprehensive summary of discrete, chiral coordination-driven structures, including helices, metallacycles, metallocages, etc., is presented. Although chirality can be introduced prior to, during or even after the coordination self-assembly process, this review puts major emphasis on the more recent development of metallosupramolecular architectures from chiral components, where chirality arises from the enantiopure or racemic scaffolds (bridging or auxiliary ligand). Special attention will be paid to homochiral metallo-assemblies using achiral components where chirality is obtained as a consequence of the twisting of the ligands. Additionally, the potential applications of homochiral metallosupramolecular architectures are also discussed. We hope that this review will be of interest to researchers attempting to design new elaborate homochiral metallosupramolecular architectures with even greater complexity and potential for functions such as chiral recognition, enantiomer separation, asymmetric catalysis, nonlinear sensors, and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baba A, Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Quantitative Analysis of the Self-Assembly Process of Hexagonal Pt II Macrocyclic Complexes: Effect of the Solvent and the Components. Chemistry 2018; 24:838-847. [PMID: 28940878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of three PtII -linked hexagonal macrocycles consisting of dinuclear PtII complexes and organic ditopic ligands was investigated in polar and less polar solvents by a recently developed approach: quantitative analysis of the self-assembly process (QASAP). In polar CD3 NO2 , for all the three macrocycles, an ML2 complex was the dominant intermediate during self-assembly, as a result of high positive allosteric cooperativity for the ligand exchange on the PtII centers of the dinuclear PtII complexes. On the other hand, in less polar CD2 Cl2 , the self-assembly process was affected by the components. For two of the three macrocycles, the chainlike oligomers that contain fewer metals and ligands than the corresponding macrocycles grew with time and the type of the chainlike intermediates formed correlated with the allostericity of the two binding sites in the organic ditopic ligands. In every case, no long oligomers containing more components than the macrocycles themselves were produced during the self-assembly even though free rotation around single bonds in the chainlike oligomers allows them to adopt various conformations that do not facilitate the cyclization. This result suggests that electrostatic and/or steric factors besides rigidity of the components make the cyclization advantageous not only thermodynamically but also kinetically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Baba
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ganta S, Chand DK. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Metallogel Molded from a Pd2L4-Type Coordination Cage: Selective Removal of Anionic Dyes. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:3634-3645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Ganta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dillip K. Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma L, Zhang Q, Wu H, Yang J, Liu YY, Ma JF. Multifunctional Luminescence Sensors Assembled with Lanthanide and a Cyclotriveratrylene-Based Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science; Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science; Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Science; Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science; Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science; Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science; Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
A pentanuclear coordination complex assembled from any palladium(II) component and non-chelating ligands is hitherto unreported. The pentanuclear complex [Pd5 (L1)5 (L2)5 ](BF4 )10 , 1 reported here was prepared by the spontaneous complexation of [Pd(DMSO)4 ](BF4 )2 with the non-chelating bidentate ligands 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) diisonicotinate, L1 and 4,4'-bipyridine, L2 in a one-pot method at room temperature. The planar polycyclic complex 1 with outer diameters of ≈3 nm is termed as a "molecular star" owing to its resemblance with a pentagram shape. Interim paths leading to the star were also probed to decipher related dynamics of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyakanta Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li XZ, Zhou LP, Yan LL, Yuan DQ, Lin CS, Sun QF. Evolution of Luminescent Supramolecular Lanthanide M2nL3n Complexes from Helicates and Tetrahedra to Cubes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8237-8244. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Qiang Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pritchard VE, Rota Martir D, Oldknow S, Kai S, Hiraoka S, Cookson NJ, Zysman‐Colman E, Hardie MJ. Homochiral Self-Sorted and Emissive Ir III Metallo-Cryptophanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6290-6294. [PMID: 28370620 PMCID: PMC5499720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The racemic ligands (±)-tris(isonicotinoyl)-cyclotriguaiacylene (L1), or (±)-tris(4-pyridyl-methyl)-cyclotriguaiacylene (L2) assemble with racemic (Λ,Δ)-[Ir(ppy)2 (MeCN)2 ]+ , in which ppy=2-phenylpyridinato, to form [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L)2 ]3+ metallo-cryptophane cages. The crystal structure of [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L1)2 ]⋅3BF4 has MM-ΛΛΛ and PP-ΔΔΔ isomers, and homochiral self-sorting occurs in solution, a process accelerated by a chiral guest. Self-recognition between L1 and L2 within cages does not occur, and cages show very slow ligand exchange. Both cages are phosphorescent, with [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L2)2 ]3+ having enhanced and blue-shifted emission when compared with [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L1)2 ]3+ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaSTCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Samuel Oldknow
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo3–8-1 Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyo153-8902Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of Tokyo3–8-1 Komaba, Meguro-kuTokyo153-8902Japan
| | - Nikki J. Cookson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaSTCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jędrzejewska H, Szumna A. Making a Right or Left Choice: Chiral Self-Sorting as a Tool for the Formation of Discrete Complex Structures. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4863-4899. [PMID: 28277655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses chiral self-sorting-the process of choosing an interaction partner with a given chirality from a complex mixture of many possible racemic partners. Chiral self-sorting (also known as chiral self-recognition or chiral self-discrimination) is fundamental for creating functional structures in nature and in the world of chemistry because interactions between molecules of the same or the opposite chirality are characterized by different interaction energies and intrinsically different resulting structures. However, due to the similarity between recognition sites of enantiomers and common conformational lability, high fidelity homochiral or heterochiral self-sorting poses a substantial challenge. Chiral self-sorting occurs among natural and synthetic molecules that leads to the amplification of discrete species. The review covers a variety of complex self-assembled structures ranging from aggregates made of natural and racemic peptides and DNA, through artificial functional receptors, macrocyles, and cages to catalytically active metal complexes and helix mimics. The examples involve a plethora of reversible interactions: electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and dynamic covalent bonds. A generalized view of the examples collected from different fields allows us to suggest suitable geometric models that enable a rationalization of the observed experimental preferences and establishment of the rules that can facilitate further design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martin AD, Easun TL, Argent SP, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Schröder M. The effect of carboxylate position on the structure of a metal organic framework derived from cyclotriveratrylene. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Holloway LR, Bogie PM, Hooley RJ. Controlled self-sorting in self-assembled cage complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14719-14723. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of complex molecular machines and devices requires control of sub-component self-assembly. Varying the size or angle, and introducing secondary interactions into the backbone allows selective self-sorting between similar sub-components in metal–ligand cage complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Bogie
- University of California – Riverside
- Department of Chemistry
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- University of California – Riverside
- Department of Chemistry
- Riverside
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Preston D, Barnsley JE, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Controlled Formation of Heteroleptic [Pd2(La)2(Lb)2]4+ Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10578-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Burke MJ, Nichol GS, Lusby PJ. Orthogonal Selection and Fixing of Coordination Self-Assembly Pathways for Robust Metallo-organic Ensemble Construction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9308-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Burke
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fowler JM, Thorp-Greenwood FL, Warriner SL, Willans CE, Hardie MJ. M12L8 metallo-supramolecular cube with cyclotriguaiacylene-type ligand: spontaneous resolution of cube and its constituent host ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8699-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
(±)-Tris-(4-methylthiazolyl)cyclotriguaiacylene forms chirally resolved clathrate complexes and self-assembles with Ag(i) to form a homochiral cubic coordination cage with spontaneous resolution.
Collapse
|
36
|
Preston D, McNeill SM, Lewis JEM, Giles GI, Crowley JD. Enhanced kinetic stability of [Pd2L4]4+ cages through ligand substitution. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8050-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Pd2(tripy)4]4+ cage architectures (where tripy = 2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)pyridine) were made more kinetically robust in the presence of range of nucleophiles by the addition of amino groups in either the 2-(2A-tripy) or 3-(3A-tripy) positions of the tripy ligands' terminal pyridines, with the [Pd2(2A-tripy)4]4+ cage proving the most stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Samantha M. McNeill
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | | | - Gregory. I. Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
McConnell AJ, Wood CS, Neelakandan PP, Nitschke JR. Stimuli-Responsive Metal–Ligand Assemblies. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7729-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Johnson AM, Wiley CA, Young MC, Zhang X, Lyon Y, Julian RR, Hooley RJ. Narcissistic Self-Sorting in Self-Assembled Cages of Rare Earth Metals and Rigid Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Johnson AM, Wiley CA, Young MC, Zhang X, Lyon Y, Julian RR, Hooley RJ. Narcissistic self-sorting in self-assembled cages of rare Earth metals and rigid ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5641-5. [PMID: 25784462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective, narcissistic self-sorting can be achieved in the formation of self-assembled cages of rare earth metals with multianionic salicylhydrazone ligands. The assembly process is highly sensitive to the length of the ligand and the coordination geometry. Most surprisingly, high-fidelity sorting is possible between ligands of identical coordination angle and geometry, differing only in a single functional group on the ligand core, which is not involved in the coordination. Supramolecular effects allow discrimination between pendant functions as similar as carbonyl or methylene groups in a complex assembly process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Johnson
- University of California Riverside, Department of Chemistry, Riverside, CA, 92521 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wei J, Li ZM, Jin XJ, Yao XJ, Cao XP, Chow HF, Kuck D. Versatile Syntheses of Hemi-Cryptophanes and a Metallo-Cryptophane from a Hexa-FunctionalizedC3v-Symmetrical Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) Derivative. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1150-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
41
|
Ganta S, Chand DK. Nanoscale metallogel via self-assembly of self-assembled trinuclear coordination rings: multi-stimuli-responsive soft materials. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15181-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A multi-stimuli-responsive metallogel is obtained by the self-assembly of an already self-assembled trinuclear palladium(ii) based coordination ring of the rare M3L6 composition.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou LP, Sun QF. A self-assembled Pd2L4 cage that selectively encapsulates nitrate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16767-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A M2L4 cage featuring a concise hydrophobic pocket wrapped up by anthracene panels provides a specific binding site for nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen L, Kang J, Cui H, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Su CY. Homochiral coordination cages assembled from dinuclear paddlewheel nodes and enantiopure ditopic ligands: syntheses, structures and catalysis. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12180-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of homochiral (Cu2)2L4 lantern cages have been synthesized, which can promote cyclopropanation with up to 99 : 1 diastereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianfen Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Jian Kang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Hao Cui
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Yingxia Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Lan Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Henkelis JJ, Hardie MJ. Controlling the assembly of cyclotriveratrylene-derived coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11929-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-functionalised cyclotriveratrylene derivatives self-assemble to afford coordination cages and topologically non-trivial constructs, including controlled assembly of M3L2 metallo-cryptophane and M6L8 cages.
Collapse
|
45
|
Noor A, Maloney DL, Lewis JEM, Lo WKC, Crowley JD. Acid-Base Driven Ligand Exchange with Palladium(II) “Click” Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Henkelis JJ, Carruthers CJ, Chambers SE, Clowes R, Cooper AI, Fisher J, Hardie MJ. Metallo-Cryptophanes Decorated with Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Self-Assembly and Guest Uptake into a Nonporous Crystalline Lattice. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14393-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508502u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Henkelis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott E. Chambers
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fisher
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bolliger JL, Ronson TK, Ogawa M, Nitschke JR. Solvent effects upon guest binding and dynamics of a Fe(II)4L4 cage. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14545-53. [PMID: 25226369 DOI: 10.1021/ja5077102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-dependent host-guest chemistry and favoring of otherwise disfavored conformations of large guests has been achieved with an adaptive, self-assembled Fe(II)4L4 coordination cage. Depending on the counterion, this face-capped tetrahedral capsule is soluble either in water or in acetonitrile and shows a solvent-dependent preference for encapsulation of certain classes of guest molecules. Quantitative binding studies were undertaken, revealing that both aromatic and aliphatic guests bind in water, whereas only aliphatic guests bind in acetonitrile. The flexibility of its subcomponent building blocks allows this cage to expand or contract upon guest binding, as studied by VT-NMR, thereby ensuring strong binding of both small and large guests. Upon encapsulation, large guest molecules can adopt conformations which are not thermodynamically favored in the free state. In addition, the chirotopic inner phase of the cage renders enantiotopic guest proton signals diastereotopic in specific cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L Bolliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cookson NJ, Henkelis JJ, Ansell RJ, Fishwick CWG, Hardie MJ, Fisher J. Encapsulation of sodium alkyl sulfates by the cyclotriveratrylene-based, [Pd6L8]12+ stella octangula cage. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5657-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00237g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR studies have revealed that a [Pd6L8]12+ stella octangula cage can act as host to two molecules of alkyl sulfate; with chain lengths of 8–14 carbons.
Collapse
|
49
|
Henkelis JJ, Hardie MJ. Tuning the coordination chemistry of cyclotriveratrylene ligand pairs through alkyl chain aggregation. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Propylated cyclotriveratrylene ligands with N-donor groups form coordination polymers where the propyl groups aggregate or form a Pd6L4 cage.
Collapse
|