1
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Ji Y, Moles Quintero S, Dai Y, Marín-Beloqui JM, Zhang H, Zhan Q, Sun F, Wang D, Li X, Wang Z, Gu X, Negri F, Casado J, Zheng Y. 77 % Photothermal Conversion in Blatter-Type Diradicals: Photophysics and Photodynamic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311387. [PMID: 37650244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diradicals based on the Blatter units and connected by acetylene and alkene spacers have been prepared. All the molecules show sizably large diradical character and low energy singlet-triplet gaps. Their photo-physical properties concerning their lowest energy excited state have been studied in detail by steady-state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. We have fully identified the main optical absorption band and full absence of emission from the lowest energy excited state. A computational study has been also carried out that has helped to identify the presence of a conical intersection between the lowest energy excited state and the ground state which produces a highly efficient light-to-heat conversion of the absorbed radiation. Furthermore, an outstanding photo-thermal conversion 77.23 % has been confirmed, close to the highest in the diradicaloid field. For the first time, stable diradicals are applied to photo-thermal therapy of tumor cells with good stability and satisfactory performance at near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yasi Dai
- A Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose M Marín-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Hanjun Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fanxi Sun
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- A Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Nowik-Boltyk EM, Junghoefer T, Glaser M, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Zhang S, Shu C, Rajca A, Calzolari A, Casu MB. Long-Term Degradation Mechanisms in Application-Implemented Radical Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37319383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blatter radical derivatives are very attractive due to their potential applications, ranging from batteries to quantum technologies. In this work, we focus on the latest insights regarding the fundamental mechanisms of radical thin film (long-term) degradation, by comparing two Blatter radical derivatives. We find that the interaction with different contaminants (such as atomic H, Ar, N, and O and molecular H2, N2, O2, H2O, and NH2) affects the chemical and magnetic properties of the thin films upon air exposure. Also, the radical-specific site, where the contaminant interaction takes place, plays a role. Atomic H and NH2 are detrimental to the magnetic properties of Blatter radicals, while the presence of molecular water influences more specifically the magnetic properties of the diradical thin films, and it is believed to be the major cause of the shorter diradical thin film lifetime in air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Glaser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | | | - M Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Boudalis AK, Constantinides CP, Chrysochos N, Carmieli R, Leitus G, Kourtellaris A, Lawson DB, Koutentis PA. Deciphering the ground state of a C 3-symmetrical Blatter-type triradical by CW and pulse EPR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 349:107406. [PMID: 36841142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
3,3',3''-(Benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl) (1) is a C3-symmetrical triradical comprised of three Blatter radical units connected at the 1, 3, 5 positions of a central trimethylenebenzene core. This triradical has an excellent air, moisture, and thermal stability. Single-crystal XRD indicates that triradical 1 adopts a propeller-like geometry with the benzotriazinyl moieties twisted by 174.1(2)° and packs in 1D chains along the c axis to form an extensive network of weak intermolecular interactions. Frozen solution continuous wave (CW) EPR spectra and variable-temperature field-sweep echo-detected (FSED) spectra revealed an intramolecular ferromagnetic exchange within the spin system, supporting a quartet S = 3/2 ground state. DFT calculations further supported these experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios K Boudalis
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177, CNRS-Unistra), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan - Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel B Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan - Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States
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4
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Kapurwan S, Gupta A, Mondal A, Konar S. Halo‐Substituted Blatter Radicals and Their Role in Modulating Magnetic Interaction in Metal Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kapurwan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Arindam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
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5
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Broadhurst ET, Wilson CJG, Zissimou GA, Nudelman F, Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA, Parsons S. A first-order phase transition in Blatter's radical at high pressure. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:107-116. [PMID: 35411850 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Blatter's radical (1,3-diphenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl) has been investigated between ambient pressure and 6.07 GPa. The sample remains in a compressed form of the ambient-pressure phase up to 5.34 GPa, the largest direction of strain being parallel to the direction of π-stacking interactions. The bulk modulus is 7.4 (6) GPa, with a pressure derivative equal to 9.33 (11). As pressure increases, the phenyl groups attached to the N1 and C3 positions of the triazinyl moieties of neighbouring pairs of molecules approach each other, causing the former to begin to rotate between 3.42 to 5.34 GPa. The onset of this phenyl rotation may be interpreted as a second-order phase transition which introduces a new mode for accommodating pressure. It is premonitory to a first-order isosymmetric phase transition which occurs on increasing pressure from 5.34 to 5.54 GPa. Although the phase transition is driven by volume minimization, rather than relief of unfavourable contacts, it is accompanied by a sharp jump in the orientation of the rotation angle of the phenyl group. DFT calculations suggest that the adoption of a more planar conformation by the triazinyl moiety at the phase transition can be attributed to relief of intramolecular H...H contacts at the transition. Although no dimerization of the radicals occurs, the π-stacking interactions are compressed by 0.341 (3) Å between ambient pressure and 6.07 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Broadhurst
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron J G Wilson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia A Zissimou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan, 48128-1491, USA
| | | | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Robertson CM, Winter SM, Howard JAK, Probert MR, Oakley RT. Low temperature insights into the crystal and magnetic structure of a neutral radical ferromagnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10238-10241. [PMID: 34528050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03842g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the radical ferromagnet 1a at 2 K reveals a contraction in the unit cell c constant which, at the molecular level, translates into a decrease in slippage of the radical π-stacks and an increase in ferromagnetic exchange interactions along the stacking axis. The results of BS-DFT calculations using long-range corrected functionals are consistent with an overall ferromagnetic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Stephen M Winter
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | | | - Michael R Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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7
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Bartos P, Young VG, Kaszyński P. Ring-Fused 1,4-Dihydro[1,2,4]triazin-4-yls through Photocyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:3835-3840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bartos
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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8
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Sidharth TNS, Nasani R, Gupta A, Sooraj BNS, Roy S, Mondal A, Konar S. Reversal of magnetic exchange coupling between copper(II) and Blatter radical depending on the coordination environment. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Bazzi F, Danke AJ, Lawson DB, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Koutentis PA, Constantinides CP. 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl: a tricky “structure-to-magnetism” correlation aided by DFT calculations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (2) is a Blatter radical with a challenging structure-to-magnetism correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwat Bazzi
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Alexander J. Danke
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Chemical Research Support Unit
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
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10
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Rogers FJM, Norcott PL, Coote ML. Recent advances in the chemistry of benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8255-8277. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl, or Blatter radicals, are stable free radicals with customisable magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and wide-ranging applications in synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J. M. Rogers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Philip L. Norcott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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11
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Constantinides CP, Lawson DB, Zissimou GA, Berezin AA, Mailman A, Manoli M, Kourtellaris A, Leitus GM, Clérac R, Tuononen HM, Koutentis PA. Polymorphism in a π stacked Blatter radical: structures and magnetic properties of 3-(phenyl)-1-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first polymorphism example in Blatter radicals, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan-Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry
- NanoScience Center
- University of Jyväskylä
- FI-40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | | | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Chemical Research Support Unit
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 7610001 Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux
- CNRS
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry
- NanoScience Center
- University of Jyväskylä
- FI-40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
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12
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Pomikło D, Bodzioch A, Pietrzak A, Kaszyński P. C(3) Functional Derivatives of the Blatter Radical. Org Lett 2019; 21:6995-6999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pomikło
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bodzioch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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13
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Kumar S, Malik V, Shukla J, Kumar Y, Bansal D, Chatterjee R, Mukhopadhyay P. Ionic Assembly, Anion–π, Magnetic, and Electronic Attributes of Ambient Stable Naphthalenediimide Radical Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:4740-4750. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Vikas Malik
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Ratnamala Chatterjee
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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14
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Constantinides CP, Lawson DB, Berezin AA, Zissimou GA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Koutentis PA. Ferromagnetic interactions in a 1D Heisenberg linear chain of 1-phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yls. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00739c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (2), was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffractometry and variable temperature SQUID magnetometry to investigate its structure-magnetism correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | | | | | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot
- Israel
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15
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Nasani R, Sidharth TNS, Roy S, Mondal A, Rawson JM, Konar S. Probing through-space and through-bond magnetic exchange couplings in a new benzotriazinyl radical and its metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14189-14200. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new Blatter radical and its Zn(ii) (1), Ni(ii) (2) and Co(ii) (3) complexes were isolated. Complex 1 exhibited radical⋯radical antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, whereas complexes 2 and 3 showed ferromagnetic metal–radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendar Nasani
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | | | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- CANADA
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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16
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5,6,7,8-Tetrafluoro-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,3,4]oxadiazine. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (6) with N′-pentafluorophenylbenzohydrazide (7) and K2CO3 (1.1 equiv) in EtOH at ca. 110 °C (sealed tube) for 24 h affords 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,3,4]oxadiazine (5) (36%) and N′-(2-nitrophenyl)-N′-(perfluorophenyl)benzohydrazide (3) (37%). The X-ray crystallography of 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,3,4]oxadiazine (5) is provided. Microwave irradiation (100 W) of perfluorophenylbenzohydrazide 3 with K2CO3 (1.1 equiv) in THF at ca. 120 °C (sealed tube, 80 PSI) for 3 h gives oxadiazine 5 (85%), while reduction of the nitro group using Sn (4 equiv) in glacial acetic acid at ca. 20 °C for 30 min, followed by cyclodehydration at ca. 118 °C for 20 min and treatment with 2 M NaOH for 24 h resulted in 1-(perfluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (4) with 93% yield.
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17
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Takahashi Y, Matsuhashi R, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Magnetic Interactions through a Nonconjugated Framework Observed in Back-to-Back Connected Triazinyl-Nitroxyl Biradical Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:7939-7948. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuhashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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18
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Takahashi Y, Tsuchiya N, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Magneto-structural correlation of cyano-substituted 3-tert-butyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl: spin transition behaviour observed in a 6-cyano derivative. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New cyano-substituted 3-tert-butylbenzotriazinyls, 7CN and 6CN, were synthesized and their spectroscopic properties and magneto-structural correlation were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Naoya Tsuchiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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19
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Gardias A, Kaszyński P, Obijalska E, Trzybiński D, Domagała S, Woźniak K, Szczytko J. Magnetostructural Investigation of Orthogonal 1‐Aryl‐3‐Phenyl‐1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yl Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 24:1317-1329. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gardias
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37-132 USA
| | - Emilia Obijalska
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sławomir Domagała
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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20
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Savva AC, Mirallai SI, Zissimou GA, Berezin AA, Demetriades M, Kourtellaris A, Constantinides CP, Nicolaides C, Trypiniotis T, Koutentis PA. Preparation of Blatter Radicals via Aza-Wittig Chemistry: The Reaction of N-Aryliminophosphoranes with 1-(Het)aroyl-2-aryldiazenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7564-7575. [PMID: 28628743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reacting N-aryliminophosphoranes with 1-(het)aroyl-2-aryldiazenes in preheated diphenyl ether at ca. 150-250 °C for 5-25 min affords in most cases the 1,3-diaryl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls (aka Blatter radicals) in moderate to good yields. All new compounds are fully characterized, including EPR and CV studies for the radicals. Single-crystal X-ray structures of 1-benzoyl-2-(perfluorophenyl)diazene and 1-(perfluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia C Savva
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Styliana I Mirallai
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia A Zissimou
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrey A Berezin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Demetriades
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Nicolaides
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theodossis Trypiniotis
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panayiotis A Koutentis
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Cyprus , P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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21
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22
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Kaszyński P, Constantinides CP, Young VG. The Planar Blatter Radical: Structural Chemistry of 1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszyński
- Center for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee University Murfreesboro TN 37123 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | | | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN 55455 USA
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23
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Kaszyński P, Constantinides CP, Young VG. The Planar Blatter Radical: Structural Chemistry of 1,4‐Dihydrobenzo[
e
][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11149-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaszyński
- Center for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee University Murfreesboro TN 37123 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | | | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN 55455 USA
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24
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Jasiński M, Szczytko J, Pociecha D, Monobe H, Kaszyński P. Substituent-Dependent Magnetic Behavior of Discotic Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyls. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9421-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jasiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
- Center
for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37-132, United States
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25
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The Suppression of Columnar π-Stacking in 3-Adamantyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050636. [PMID: 27187349 PMCID: PMC6273272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Adamantyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl (4) crystallizes as chains of radicals where the spin bearing benzotriazinyl moieties are isolated from each other. Magnetic susceptibility studies in the 5–300 K temperature region indicate that radical 4 demonstrates typical paramagnetic behavior stemming from non-interacting S = ½ spins.
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26
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Constantinides CP, Obijalska E, Kaszyński P. Access to 1,4-Dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:916-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91403 Łódź, Poland
- Center
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90363 Łódź, Poland
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27
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Ciccullo F, Gallagher NM, Geladari O, Chassé T, Rajca A, Casu MB. A Derivative of the Blatter Radical as a Potential Metal-Free Magnet for Stable Thin Films and Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1805-1812. [PMID: 26727145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic radicals are fascinating materials because of their unique properties, which make them suitable for a variety of applications. Their synthesis may be challenging, and big efforts have focused on chemical stability. However, introducing a new material in electronics not only requires chemically stable molecules but also stable monolayers and thin films in view of their use in devices. In this work, we have investigated the thin films of a derivative of the Blatter radical that was synthesized bearing in mind the thermodynamic factors that govern thin film stability. We have proved our concept by investigating the electronic structure, the paramagnetic character, and stability of the obtained films under UHV and ambient conditions by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex situ atomic force microscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciccullo
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - N M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - O Geladari
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - M B Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Stable N- and N/S-Rich Heterocyclic Radicals. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Morgan IS, Mansikkamäki A, Zissimou GA, Koutentis PA, Rouzières M, Clérac R, Tuononen HM. Coordination Complexes of a Neutral 1,2,4-Benzotriazinyl Radical Ligand: Synthesis, Molecular and Electronic Structures, and Magnetic Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:15843-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Fumanal M, Vela S, Novoa JJ, Ribas-Arino J. Towards the tailored design of benzotriazinyl-based organic radicals displaying a spin transition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15776-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we identify the ingredients that are crucial to enable the phase transition in benzotriazinyl-based organic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fumanal
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028-Barcelona
- Spain
| | - S. Vela
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028-Barcelona
- Spain
| | - J. J. Novoa
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028-Barcelona
- Spain
| | - J. Ribas-Arino
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028-Barcelona
- Spain
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31
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Takahashi Y, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Synthesis and properties of the 3-tert-butyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-1-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl radical. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The novel 3-tert-benzotriazinyl radical carrying the trifluoromethyl group was synthesized and exhibited pure 1D ferromagnetic interaction in the columnar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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32
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Fumanal M, Vela S, Ribas-Ariño J, Novoa JJ. On the Importance of Thermal Effects and Crystalline Disorder in the Magnetism of Benzotriazinyl-Derived Organic Radicals. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3612-22. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Constantinides CP, Berezin AA, Zissimou GA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Bendikov M, Probert MR, Rawson JM, Koutentis PA. A Magnetostructural Investigation of an Abrupt Spin Transition for 1-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5063746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A. Berezin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia A. Zissimou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Manoli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Bendikov
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael R. Probert
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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