1
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Li J, Zheng Q, Dömling A. Exploring Phthalimide as the Acid Component in the Passerini Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:829-833. [PMID: 38227542 PMCID: PMC10845143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, particularly the Passerini reaction, serve as efficient tools for the synthesis of druglike molecules and the creation of compound libraries. Despite the effectiveness of the Passerini reaction, the limited alternatives to the crucial carboxylic acid component pose a structural constraint. Here, we have discovered that the phthalimide moiety and its derivatives react in the Passerini reaction as an acid component. We explored their potential in synthesizing diverse and intricate molecules. The phthalimide moiety stands out as a favorable building block due to its oxidative stability, heat-stable characteristics, and resistance to solvents. Our approach introduces a novel perspective to multicomponent reactions by incorporating NH-based acid components, addressing the ongoing need for the development of innovative molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Li
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Zheng
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhao Y. DTBP
‐promoted Passerini‐type reaction of isocyanides with aldehydes: Synthesis of α‐acyloxycarboxamides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Zi‐Han Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yu‐Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
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3
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Madhu D, Jetti VR, Narsaiah B, Punna N. 3-Trifluoroacetyl-quinolin-2(1 H)-ones as Carbonyl and Acid Surrogates in the Passerini-/Ugi-Type Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2301-2314. [PMID: 35157465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report tailored 3-trifluoroacetyl-quinolin-2(1H)-ones (1) as carbonyl and acid surrogates in Passerini- and Ugi-type reactions for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl-α-hydroxy carboxamides (4) and α-trifluoromethyl α-amino acids (6) in high yields, respectively. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions via an exocyclic carboximidate intermediate (3). The amide group in compound 1 acts as an acid component as well as a reversible oxygen nucleophile to facilitate the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desagoni Madhu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vatsala Rani Jetti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Banda Narsaiah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagender Punna
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Wu L, Yuan X, Yang G, Xu C, Pan Z, Shi L, Wang C, Fan L. An eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of new phosphates using KF/Al2O3 under solventless conditions and their antifungal properties. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Yang K, Zhang F, Fang T, Li C, Li W, Song Q. Passerini-type reaction of boronic acids enables α-hydroxyketones synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:441. [PMID: 33469014 PMCID: PMC7815879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) facilitate the rapid and diverse construction of molecular scaffolds with modularity and step economy. In this work, engagement of boronic acids as carbon nucleophiles culminates in a Passerini-type three-component coupling reaction towards the synthesis of an expanded inventory of α-hydroxyketones with skeletal diversity. In addition to the appealing features of MCRs, this protocol portrays good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope under mild conditions and operational simplicity. The utility of this chemistry is further demonstrated by amenable modifications of bioactive products and pharmaceuticals as well as in the functionalization of products to useful compounds. Multicomponent reactions enable the rapid construction of diverse molecular scaffolds with modularity and step economy. In this work, the authors report the use of boronic acids as carbon nucleophiles in a Passerini-type three-component coupling reaction towards an expanded inventory of α-hydroxyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Tongchang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology 15 Northern 3rd Ring Road East, Chaoyang District Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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7
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Saya JM, Berabez R, Broersen P, Schuringa I, Kruithof A, Orru RVA, Ruijter E. Hexafluoroisopropanol as the Acid Component in the Passerini Reaction: One-Pot Access to β-Amino Alcohols. Org Lett 2018; 20:3988-3991. [PMID: 29906122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new Passerini-type reaction in which hexafluoroisopropanol functions as the acid component is reported. The reaction tolerates a broad range of isocyanides and aldehydes, and the formed imidates can be reduced toward β-amino alcohols under mild and metal-free conditions. In addition, the imidate products were shown to undergo an unprecedented retro-Passerini-type reaction under microwave conditions, providing valuable mechanistic information about the Passerini reaction and its variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy M Saya
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Berabez
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Pim Broersen
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Imme Schuringa
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Art Kruithof
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Romano V A Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems (AIMMS) , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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8
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Ramezanpour S, Rezaei MN, Vaezghaemi A, Rominger F. Facile synthesis of novel 3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazin-6(1 H)-ones viaa sequential Ugi–Smiles type/nucleophilic substitution/cyclization reaction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03949f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An innovative strategy for synthesis of a library of complex multi-substituted 1,2,4-triazine-6-ones. These structures are analogues of pyrimidine bases with possible enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aref Vaezghaemi
- Department of Chemistry
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universitaet Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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9
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Soeta T, Ukaji Y, Matsuzaki S. Phenylphosphinic Acid-Promoted Addition of Isocyanide to 1-Methoxyisochroman Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) with N-hydroxyimides as a novel carboxylic acid isostere has been reported. This reaction provides straightforward access to α-hydrazino amides. A broad range of aldehydes, amines, isocyanides and N-hydroxyimides were employed to give products in moderate to high yields. This reaction displays N-N bond formation by cyclic imide migration in the Ugi reaction. Thus, N-hydroxyimide is added as a new acid component in the Ugi reaction and broadens the scaffold diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Soeta T, Shitaya S, Okuno T, Fujinami S, Ukaji Y. Efficient synthesis of benzothiophenes by [4+1] cycloaddition of 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde derivatives with isocyanides. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L. Chandgude
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Deshidi R, Devari S, Rizvi M, Shah BA. Regio-Selective Phosphation and Phosphonation of 9-Fluorenones. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Deshidi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Natural Product Microbes; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Institution; Canal Road Jammu -Tawi India 180001
| | - Shekaraiah Devari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Natural Product Microbes; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Institution; Canal Road Jammu -Tawi India 180001
| | - Masood Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Natural Product Microbes; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Institution; Canal Road Jammu -Tawi India 180001
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14
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Soeta T, Takashita S, Sakata Y, Ukaji Y. Ugi-type Multicomponent Reaction of Nitrile Imines, Isocyanides, and Isocyanates: Effective Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazinedione Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Suguru Takashita
- Division of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Division of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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15
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Soeta T, Takashita S, Sakata Y, Ukaji Y. Phosphinic acid-promoted addition reaction of isocyanides to (Z)-hydroximoyl chlorides: efficient synthesis of α-(hydroxyimino)amides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:694-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02032h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (Z)-hydroximoyl chlorides with isocyanides promoted by phosphinic acid in the presence of triethylamine proceeds smoothly to afford α-(hydroxyimino)amides in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Suguru Takashita
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
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16
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Váradi A, Palmer TC, Notis Dardashti R, Majumdar S. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Molecules 2015; 21:E19. [PMID: 26703561 PMCID: PMC4782750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are extremely popular owing to their facile execution, high atom-efficiency and the high diversity of products. MCRs can be used to access various heterocycles and highly functionalized scaffolds, and thus have been invaluable tools in total synthesis, drug discovery and bioconjugation. Traditional isocyanide-based MCRs utilize an external nucleophile attacking the reactive nitrilium ion, the key intermediate formed in the reaction of the imine and the isocyanide. However, when reactants with multiple nucleophilic groups (bisfunctional reactants) are used in the MCR, the nitrilium intermediate can be trapped by an intramolecular nucleophilic attack to form various heterocycles. The implications of nitrilium trapping along with widely applied conventional isocyanide-based MCRs in drug design are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Váradi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Travis C Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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17
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18
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Soeta T, Matsuzaki S, Ukaji Y. A one-pot O-sulfinative Passerini/oxidation reaction: synthesis of α-(sulfonyloxy)amide derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3688-94. [PMID: 25751087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a one-pot O-sulfinative Passerini/oxidation reaction, in which a combination of an aldehyde, an isocyanide, and a sulfinic acid react, followed by the addition of mCPBA as an oxidant to give the corresponding α-(sulfonyloxy)amides in high yields. This reaction is the first reported demonstration of an isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction using a sulfinic acid in place of a carboxylic acid. A wide range of aldehydes and isocyanides are applicable to this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Matsuzaki
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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19
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Battula S, Battini N, Singh D, Ahmed QN. 2-Oxo promoted hydrophosphonylation & aerobic intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient catalyst free methods for the synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-oxo phosphonates (HOP) and α-oxoesters (OE) have been described for the first time. The existence of a 2-oxo group in α-oxoaldehydes (OA) was a key factor in promoting the reaction of the tervalent phosphite form towards activated aldehydes (OA) in the synthesis of HOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Battula
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)
- Jammu
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)
- Jammu
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Deepika Singh
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA)
- IIIM
- Jammu
- India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)
- Jammu
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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20
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Ukaji Y, Soeta T. Development of New Synthetic Methods for Heterocycles Utilizing 1,3-Dipoles. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ukaji
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University
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21
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Ma GH, Jiang B, Tu XJ, Ning Y, Tu SJ, Li G. Synthesis of isocoumarins with different substituted patterns via Passerini-aldol sequence. Org Lett 2014; 16:4504-7. [PMID: 25140818 PMCID: PMC4156262 DOI: 10.1021/ol502048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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An efficient combination between
the Passerini three-component
reaction and aldol condensation has been developed for the synthesis
of bicyclic isocoumarins with different substituted patterns via solvent-dependent
domino pathways. These two operationally friendly methods simultaneously
install C–O and C–C bonds in a one-pot manner, allowing
the utilization of low-cost and readily accessible 2-formylbenzoic
acid, isocyanides, and arylglyoxals. Mechanisms of formation of different
substituted isocoumarin derivatives are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu P. R. China ; and
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