1
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Mo J, Messinis AM, Li J, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Chelation-Assisted Iron-Catalyzed C-H Activations: Scope and Mechanism. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:10-22. [PMID: 38116619 PMCID: PMC10765378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusTo improve the resource economy of molecular syntheses, researchers have developed strategies to directly activate otherwise inert C-H bonds, thus avoiding cumbersome and costly substrate prefunctionalizations. During the past two decades, remarkable progress in coordination chemistry has set the stage for developing increasingly viable metal catalysts for C-H activations. Despite remarkable advances, C-H activations are largely dominated by precious 4d and 5d transition metal catalysts based primarily on palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and rhodium, thus decreasing the inherent sustainable nature of the C-H activation approach. Therefore, advancing catalytic reactions based on Earth-abundant and less toxic 3d transition metals, especially nontoxic and inexpensive iron, represents a desirable and attractive alternative. While research had previously focused on 8-aminoquinoline directing groups in C-H activations, we have devised easily accessible, tunable, and clickable triazoles, which feature widespread applications in bioactive compounds and drugs, among others, as peptide isosteres. Thus, in contrast to other directing groups, the triazole group is a highly desirable structural motif and functions as a bioisostere in medicine and biology, where it is exploited to mimic amide bonds.This Account summarizes the evolution of chelation-assisted iron-catalyzed C-H activations via C-H, C-H/N-H, and C-H/N-H/C-C bond cleavages, with a topical focus on the most recent contributions of our team. Thus, the triazole-enabled iron catalysis has surfaced as a transformative platform for a large variety of C-H transformations, including arylations, alkylations, alkenylations, allylations, annulations, and alkynylations, achieved through C-H activations with organometallic reagents, organohalides, alkynes, alkenes, allenes, and bicyclopropylidenes among others. Consequently, we developed widely applicable methods for the versatile preparation of decorated arenes and heteroarenes, providing access to benzamides, isoquinolones, pyrrolones, pyridones, phenones, indoles, and isoindolinones, among others. Most of these reactions employed 1,2-dichloroisobutane (DCIB) as an oxidant. Notably, chemical-oxidant-free strategies were also developed, with the major breakthroughs being the use of internal oxidants in oxidative annulations, the use of resource-economic electrocatalysis, and the development of well-defined iron(0)-mediated catalysis. In addition, a highly enantioselective inner-sphere C-H alkylation of (aza)indoles was developed by designing novel remotely decorated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with dispersion energy donors. In addition, detailed mechanistic experiments including kinetic analyses, intermediate isolation, Mößbauer spectroscopy, and computation provided strong support for the mode of catalysis operation, enabling unprecedented C-H activations. Thereby, low-valent iron catalysts paved the way toward weakly coordinating ketones and enantioselective iron-catalyzed C-H activations through organometallic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Mo
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, 530021 Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jinlian Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, 530021 Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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2
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Wowk V, Rousseau L, Lefèvre G. Importance of Two-Electron Processes in Fe-Catalyzed Aryl-(hetero)aryl Cross-Couplings: Evidence of Fe 0/Fe II Couple Implication. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wowk
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lidie Rousseau
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Wei Z, Miao W, Ni C, Hu J. Iron‐Catalyzed Fluoroalkylation of Arylborates with Sulfone Reagents: Beyond the Limitation of Reduction Potential. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
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5
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Wei Z, Miao W, Ni C, Hu J. Iron-Catalyzed Fluoroalkylation of Arylborates with Sulfone Reagents: Beyond the Limitation of Reduction Potential. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13597-13602. [PMID: 33761156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed alkyl-aryl coupling reaction between sulfones and arylboron compounds has remained a challenge. We report the first iron-catalyzed radical difluoroalkylation of arylborates with N-heteroaryl sulfones. The coordination between the iron catalyst and the nitrogen atom of N-heteroaryl sulfones was identified to be important in overcoming the reduction potential limitation of sulfones in the intermolecular single-electron-transfer process, which enables both fluoroalkyl N-heteroaryl sulfones (with relatively high reduction potentials) and nonfluorinated alkyl N-heteroaryl sulfones (with low reduction potentials) to serve as powerful alkylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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6
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Rummelt SM, Peterson PO, Zhong H, Chirik PJ. Oxidative Addition of Aryl and Alkyl Halides to a Reduced Iron Pincer Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5928-5936. [PMID: 33829769 PMCID: PMC8293301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The two-electron oxidative addition of aryl and alkyl halides to a reduced iron dinitrogen complex with a strong-field tridentate pincer ligand has been demonstrated. Addition of iodobenzene or bromobenzene to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 (3,5-Me2MesCNC = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me-C6H2-imidazol-2-ylidene)2-3,5-Me2-pyridine) resulted in rapid oxidative addition and formation of the diamagnetic, octahedral Fe(II) products (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(Ph)(N2)(X), where X = I or Br. Competition experiments established the relative rate of oxidative addition of aryl halides as I > Br > Cl. A linear free energy of relative reaction rates of electronically differentiated aryl bromides (ρ = 1.5) was consistent with a concerted-type pathway. The oxidative addition of alkyl halides such as methyl-, isobutyl-, or neopentyl halides was also rapid at room temperature, but substrates with more accessible β-hydrogen positions (e.g., 1-bromobutane) underwent subsequent β-hydride elimination. Cyclization of an alkyl halide containing a radical clock and epimerization of neohexyl iodide-d2 upon oxidative addition to (3,5-Me2MesCNC)Fe(N2)2 are consistent with radical intermediates during C(sp3)-X bond cleavage. Importantly, while C(sp2)-X and C(sp3)-X oxidative addition produces net two-electron chemistry, the preferred pathway for obtaining the products is concerted and stepwise, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul O. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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8
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All-Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11866-11870. [PMID: 32346946 PMCID: PMC7383991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in drug design as surrogates for p-substituted arenes and alkynes. Access to all-carbon disubstituted BCPs via cross-coupling has to date been limited to use of the BCP as the organometallic component, which restricts scope due to the harsh conditions typically required for the synthesis of metallated BCPs. Here we report a general method to access 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs from 1-iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (iodo-BCPs) by direct iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl Grignard reagents. This chemistry represents the first general use of iodo-BCPs as electrophiles in cross-coupling, and the first Kumada coupling of tertiary iodides. Benefiting from short reaction times, mild conditions, and broad scope of the coupling partners, it enables the synthesis of a wide range of 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs including various drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd.Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellRG42 6EYUK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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9
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All‐Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd. Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Rousseau L, Herrero C, Clémancey M, Imberdis A, Blondin G, Lefèvre G. Evolution of
Ate‐
Organoiron(II) Species towards Lower Oxidation States: Role of the Steric and Electronic Factors. Chemistry 2020; 26:2417-2428. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Herrero
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR 8182), Univ. Paris SudUniversité Paris Saclay 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, LCBM (UMR 5249), pmb 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Geneviève Blondin
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, LCBM (UMR 5249), pmb 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- Chimie ParisTechCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2DPSL University 75005 Paris France
- NIMBECEACNRSUniv. Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif France
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11
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Darù A, Hu X, Harvey JN. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Iodides with Alkynes To Yield cis-Olefins: Mechanistic Insights from Computation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1586-1594. [PMID: 32010833 PMCID: PMC6990637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, a new procedure for Z-selective olefin synthesis by reductive coupling of alkyl iodides with terminal alkynes in the presence of iron salts is described. This transformation is representative of many newly developed synthetic routes through the involvement of multiple species and phases, which makes mechanistic insight hard to obtain. Here, we report computational work aimed at exploring the possible reaction pathways. DFT calculations lead to two suggested routes, one involving C-I reduction by metallic zinc and radical addition to the alkyne and the other involving addition of two reduced iron species to the alkyne bond followed by reductive elimination. Comparison to experimental results as well as kinetic modeling is used to discuss the likelihood of these and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Darù
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique
FÉdÉrale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- E-mail:
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12
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Khedkar A, Roemelt M. An ab initio multireference study of reductive eliminations from organoferrates( iii) in the gas-phase: it is all about the spin state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17677-17686. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reductive elimination reaction from organoferrates(iii) of the composition [FeR3R′]− is studied by state-of-the-art multireference electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Khedkar
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
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13
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Kyne SH, Lefèvre G, Ollivier C, Petit M, Ramis Cladera VA, Fensterbank L. Iron and cobalt catalysis: new perspectives in synthetic radical chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8501-8542. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron and cobalt complexes are at the origin of high valuable synthetic pathways involving radical intemediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Kyne
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D
- Chimie ParisTech
- 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie
- FR 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | | | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
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14
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Duan XF. Iron catalyzed stereoselective alkene synthesis: a sustainable pathway. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14937-14961. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Replacing expensive or toxic transition metals with iron has become an important trend. This article summarises the recent progresses of a wide range of Fe-catalyzed reactions for accessing various stereodefined alkenes.
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15
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Zhu C, Stangier M, Oliveira JCA, Massignan L, Ackermann L. Iron-Electrocatalyzed C-H Arylations: Mechanistic Insights into Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination for Ferraelectrocatalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:16382-16389. [PMID: 31658385 PMCID: PMC6972497 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, organometallic C-H transformations are dominated by precious 5d and 4d transition metals, such as iridium, palladium and rhodium. In contrast, the unique potential of less toxic Earth-abundant 3d metals has been underexplored. While iron is the most naturally abundant transition metal, its use in oxidative, organometallic C-H activation has faced major limitations due to the need for superstoichiometric amounts of corrosive, cost-intensive DCIB as the sacrificial oxidant. To fully address these restrictions, we describe herein the unprecedented merger of electrosynthesis with iron-catalyzed C-H activation through oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Thus, ferra- and manganaelectro-catalyzed C-H arylations were accomplished at mild reaction temperatures with ample scope by the action of sustainable iron catalysts, employing electricity as a benign oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Zhu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Maximilian Stangier
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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16
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Manjón‐Mata I, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Manjón‐Mata
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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17
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Sarbajna A, He YT, Dinh MH, Gladkovskaya O, Rahaman SMW, Karimata A, Khaskin E, Lapointe S, Fayzullin RR, Khusnutdinova JR. Aryl–X Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from High-Valent Mn–Aryl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Sarbajna
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Yu-Tao He
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Minh Hoan Dinh
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Olga Gladkovskaya
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - S. M. Wahidur Rahaman
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ayumu Karimata
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Sébastien Lapointe
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Julia R. Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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18
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Cahiez G, Lefèvre G, Moyeux A, Guerret O, Gayon E, Guillonneau L, Lefèvre N, Gu Q, Zhou E. Gram-Scale, Cheap, and Eco-Friendly Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling between Alkyl Grignard Reagents and Alkenyl or Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2679-2683. [PMID: 30964302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new robust methodology for gram-scale iron-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkyl Grignard reagents and alkenyl or aryl halides is developed. This method does not require toxic additives such as NMP or expensive ligands. Its efficiency relies on the use of simple alkoxide magnesium salts as additives. On the basis of these results, a new procedure for one-pot synthesis of substituted benzamides from chloroesters is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alban Moyeux
- Laboratoire CSPBAT , UMR 7244 , Université Paris 13, 1 rue de Chablis , 93017 Bobigny Cedex , France
| | - Olivier Guerret
- M2i Development , Bâtiment ChemStart'Up , Allée Le Corbusier , 64170 Lacq , France
| | - Eric Gayon
- M2i Development , Bâtiment ChemStart'Up , Allée Le Corbusier , 64170 Lacq , France
| | - Loïc Guillonneau
- M2i Development , Bâtiment ChemStart'Up , Allée Le Corbusier , 64170 Lacq , France
| | | | | | - Edouard Zhou
- M2i Development , Bâtiment ChemStart'Up , Allée Le Corbusier , 64170 Lacq , France
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19
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Zhong Z, Wang ZY, Ni SF, Dang L, Lee HK, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Ligand-Free Iron-Catalyzed Carbon (sp 2)-Carbon (sp 2) Oxidative Homo-Coupling of Alkenyllithiums. Org Lett 2019; 21:700-704. [PMID: 30675791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy was developed for the efficient synthesis of di-, tetra-, and hexa-substituted 1,3-butadienes. This one-pot procedure involves lithium-iodine exchange to generate the corresponding vinyllithium intermediates. A subsequent iron-catalyzed ligand-free oxidative homo-coupling eventually led to the formation of 1,3-butadienes in acceptable to excellent isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuliang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10, Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , P. R. China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10, Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , P. R. China
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20
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Neidig ML, Carpenter SH, Curran DJ, DeMuth JC, Fleischauer VE, Iannuzzi TE, Neate PGN, Sears JD, Wolford NJ. Development and Evolution of Mechanistic Understanding in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:140-150. [PMID: 30592421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Kochi in the 1970s, iron has attracted great interest for cross-coupling catalysis due to its low cost and toxicity as well as its potential for novel reactivity compared to analogous reactions with precious metals like palladium. Today there are numerous iron-based cross-coupling methodologies available, including challenging alkyl-alkyl and enantioselective methods. Furthermore, cross-couplings with simple ferric salts and additives like NMP and TMEDA ( N-methylpyrrolidone and tetramethylethylenediamine) continue to attract interest in pharmaceutical applications. Despite the tremendous advances in iron cross-coupling methodologies, in situ formed and reactive iron species and the underlying mechanisms of catalysis remain poorly understood in many cases, inhibiting mechanism-driven methodology development in this field. This lack of mechanism-driven development has been due, in part, to the challenges of applying traditional characterization methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to iron chemistry due to the multitude of paramagnetic species that can form in situ. The application of a broad array of inorganic spectroscopic methods (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer, and magnetic circular dichroism) removes this barrier and has revolutionized our ability to evaluate iron speciation. In conjunction with inorganic syntheses of unstable organoiron intermediates and combined inorganic spectroscopy/gas chromatography studies to evaluate in situ iron reactivity, this approach has dramatically evolved our understanding of in situ iron speciation, reactivity, and mechanisms in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling over the past 5 years. This Account focuses on the key advances made in obtaining mechanistic insight in iron-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-couplings using simple ferric salts, iron-bisphosphines, and iron- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Our studies of ferric salt catalysis have resulted in the isolation of an unprecedented iron-methyl cluster, allowing us to identify a novel reaction pathway and solve a decades-old mystery in iron chemistry. NMP has also been identified as a key to accessing more stable intermediates in reactions containing nucleophiles with and without β-hydrogens. In iron-bisphosphine chemistry, we have identified several series of transmetalated iron(II)-bisphosphine complexes containing mesityl, phenyl, and alkynyl nucleophile-derived ligands, where mesityl systems were found to be unreliable analogues to phenyls. Finally, in iron-NHC cross-coupling, unique chelation effects were observed in cases where nucleophile-derived ligands contained coordinating functional groups. As with the bisphosphine case, high-spin iron(II) complexes were shown to be reactive and selective in cross-coupling. Overall, these studies have demonstrated key aspects of iron cross-coupling and the utility of detailed speciation and mechanistic studies for the rational improvement and development of iron cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joshua C. DeMuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E. Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Theresa E. Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Peter G. N. Neate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nikki J. Wolford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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21
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Werncke CG, Pfeiffer J, Müller I, Vendier L, Sabo-Etienne S, Bontemps S. C-Halide bond cleavage by a two-coordinate iron(i) complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1757-1765. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The two-coordinate iron(i) complex [FeI(N(SiMe3)2)2]− is highly efficient in the cleavage of C-halide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Pfeiffer
- Philipps-University Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - I. Müller
- Philipps-University Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - L. Vendier
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - S. Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - S. Bontemps
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
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22
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Carpenter SH, Baker TM, Muñoz SB, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML. Multinuclear iron-phenyl species in reactions of simple iron salts with PhMgBr: identification of Fe 4(μ-Ph) 6(THF) 4 as a key reactive species for cross-coupling catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7931-7939. [PMID: 30429998 PMCID: PMC6201819 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first direct syntheses, structural characterizations, and reactivity studies of iron-phenyl species formed upon reaction of Fe(acac)3 and PhMgBr in THF are presented. Reaction of Fe(acac)3 with 4 equiv. PhMgBr in THF leads to the formation of [FePh2(μ-Ph)]2 2- at -80 °C, which can be stabilized through the addition of N-methylpyrrolidone. Alternatively, at -30 °C this reaction leads to the formation of the tetranuclear iron-phenyl cluster, Fe4(μ-Ph)6(THF)4. Further synthetic studies demonstrate that analogous tetranuclear iron clusters can be formed with both 4-F-PhMgBr and p-tolylMgBr, illustrating the generality of this structural motif for reactions of simple ferric salts and aryl Grignard reagents in THF. Additional studies isolate and define key iron species involved in the synthetic pathway leading to the formation of the tetranuclear iron-aryl species. While reaction studies demonstrate that [FePh2(μ-Ph)]2 2- is unreactive towards electrophile, Fe4(μ-Ph)6(THF)4 is found to rapidly react with bromocyclohexane to selectively form phenylcyclohexane. Based on this reactivity, a new catalytic reaction protocol has been developed that enables efficient cross-couplings using Fe4(μ-Ph)6(THF)4, circumventing the current need for additives such as TMEDA or supporting ligands to achieve effective cross-coupling of PhMgBr and a secondary alkyl halide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - Tessa M Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - Salvador B Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
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23
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Electronic and Steric Effects on the Reductive Elimination of Anionic Arylferrate(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:16342-16347. [PMID: 29969518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Arylferrate(III) complexes Ph3 FeR- (R=para- and ortho-substituted aryl) are proposed as model systems for the in-depth investigation of reductive eliminations from organoiron(III) species. Electrospray ionization transfers the arylferrate complexes prepared in situ from solution into the gas phase, where mass selection ensures a well-defined population of reactant ions. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, the arylferrate complexes undergo reductive elimination of the cross-coupling product PhR as well as the homo-coupling product Ph2 . The measured branching ratios between the two competing reaction channels are used to construct a Hammett plot, which shows that electron-donating aryl groups R favor the formation of the cross-coupling product. In this way, the complexes avoid the build-up of too much electron density at the iron center during the reductive elimination. ortho Substitution in R increases the fraction of the homo-coupling product, presumably by hindering the approach between the two aryl groups participating in the reductive elimination. The obtained mechanistic insight substantially advances our understanding of one of the central elementary steps of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Domingo-Legarda P, Soler-Yanes R, Quirós-López MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Iron-Catalyzed Coupling of Propargyl Bromides and Alkyl Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domingo-Legarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rita Soler-Yanes
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós-López
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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25
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Ma E, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Qi L, Yan X, Li Z. Salicylate‐Directed C−O Bond Cleavage: Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Grignard Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enlu Ma
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Longying Qi
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
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26
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Rousseau L, Brémond E, Lefèvre G. Assessment of the ground spin state of iron(i) complexes: insights from DFT predictive models. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Factors governing the ground spin state of iron(i) complexes are analyzed by DFT methods. An efficient benchmarking procedure is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rousseau
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - E. Brémond
- Univ. Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- F-75013 Paris
- France
| | - G. Lefèvre
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Gif-sur-Yvette
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27
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Sharma AK, Sameera WMC, Jin M, Adak L, Okuzono C, Iwamoto T, Kato M, Nakamura M, Morokuma K. DFT and AFIR Study on the Mechanism and the Origin of Enantioselectivity in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16117-16125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Sharma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Jin
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Process
Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Laksmikanta Adak
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Chiemi Okuzono
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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28
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed C-O Bond Activation: Opportunity for Sustainable Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3964-3981. [PMID: 28840648 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as some of the most valuable cross-coupling partners in organic synthesis due to several major strategic and environmental benefits, such as abundance and potential to avoid toxic halide waste. In this context, iron-catalyzed C-O activation/cross-coupling holds particular promise to achieve sustainable catalytic protocols due to its natural abundance, inherent low toxicity, and excellent economic and ecological profile. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of new methods for functional-group-tolerant iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions by selective C-O cleavage. These methods establish highly attractive alternatives to traditional cross-coupling reactions by using halides as electrophilic partners. In particular, new easily accessible oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as substrates in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which significantly broaden the scope of this catalysis platform. New mechanistic manifolds involving iron catalysis have been established; thus opening up vistas for the development of a wide range of unprecedented reactions. The synthetic potential of this sustainable mode of reactivity has been highlighted by the development of new strategies in the construction of complex motifs, including in target synthesis. The most recent advances in sustainable iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of C-O-based electrophiles are reviewed, with a focus on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic utility. It should be noted that this catalytic manifold provides access to motifs that are often not easily available by other methods, such as the assembly of stereodefined dienes or C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-couplings, thus emphasizing the synthetic importance of this mode of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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29
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Clémancey M, Cantat T, Blondin G, Latour JM, Dorlet P, Lefèvre G. Structural Insights into the Nature of Fe0 and FeI Low-Valent Species Obtained upon the Reduction of Iron Salts by Aryl Grignard Reagents. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3834-3848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Clémancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- Institute
for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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30
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Solution and Gas-Phase Reactivity of Me12
Fe8
−
and Related Cluster Ions. Chemistry 2017; 23:3213-3219. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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31
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Sanderson JN, Dominey AP, Percy JM. Iron-Catalyzed Isopropylation of Electron-Deficient Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N. Sanderson
- GlaxoSmithKline; Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY U.K
- Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL U.K
| | - Andrew P. Dominey
- GlaxoSmithKline; Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY U.K
| | - Jonathan M. Percy
- Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL U.K
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32
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Spahn NA, Nguyen MH, Renner J, Lane TK, Louie J. Regioselective Iron-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Forming 4,6-Disubstituted 2-Aminopyridines from Terminal Alkynes and Cyanamides. J Org Chem 2016; 82:234-242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Spahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Minh H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jonas Renner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Timothy K. Lane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Janis Louie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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33
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Ate Complexes in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:15609-15613. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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34
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings Using Organometallics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:49. [PMID: 27573401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as an important tool for the formation of C-C bonds. A wide variety of alkenyl, aryl, and alkyl (pseudo)halides have been coupled to organometallic reagents, the most currently used being Grignard reagents. Particular attention has been devoted to the development of iron catalysts for the functionalization of alkyl halides that are generally challenging substrates in classical cross-couplings. The high functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed cross-couplings has encouraged organic chemists to use them in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Even if some points remain obscure, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling and several hypotheses have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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35
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Legros
- Normandie Université COBRA UMR 6014 Université Rouen INSA Rouen and CNRS 1 rue Lucien Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- CNRS BioCIS UMR 8076 Labex LERMIT Université Paris Sud and CNRS 5 rue J. B. Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
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37
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Buono FG, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Brusoe A, Yang BS, Lorenz JC, Giovannini R, Song JJ, Yee NK, Senanayake CH. Efficient Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling Reactions Utilizing Flow Technology under Low Catalyst Loadings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Cassani C, Bergonzini G, Wallentin CJ. Active Species and Mechanistic Pathways in Iron-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cassani
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giulia Bergonzini
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
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39
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Przyojski JA, Veggeberg KP, Arman HD, Tonzetich ZJ. Mechanistic Studies of Catalytic Carbon–Carbon Cross-Coupling by Well-Defined Iron NHC Complexes. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Przyojski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kevin P. Veggeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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40
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Gärtner D, Stein AL, Grupe S, Arp J, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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41
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Gärtner D, Stein AL, Grupe S, Arp J, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10545-9. [PMID: 26184455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stable C-O linkages are generally unreactive in cross-coupling reactions which mostly employ more electrophilic halides or activated esters (triflates, tosylates). Acetates are cheap and easily accessible electrophiles but have not been used in cross-couplings because the strong C-O bond and high propensity to engage in unwanted acetylation and deprotonation. Reported herein is a selective iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of diverse alkenyl acetates, and it operates under mild reaction conditions (0 °C, 2 h) with a ligand-free catalyst (1-2 mol%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Gärtner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - André Luiz Stein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Sabine Grupe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Johannes Arp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany).
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42
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Jin M, Adak L, Nakamura M. Iron-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross-Coupling Reactions of α-Chloroesters with Aryl Grignard Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7128-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Jin
- Process Technology
Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi
Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Laksmikanta Adak
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International
Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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43
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Sova M, Frlan R, Gobec S, Stavber G, Časar Z. D-Glucosamine in iron-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of Grignards with allylic and vinylic bromides: application to the synthesis of a key sitagliptin precursor. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Gaj Stavber
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d.; Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, API Development, Organic Synthesis Department; Kolodvorska 27 1234 Mengeš Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d.; Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, API Development, Organic Synthesis Department; Kolodvorska 27 1234 Mengeš Slovenia
- Sandoz GmbH; Global Portfolio Management API; Biochemiestrasse 10 6250 Kundl Austria
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44
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Bedford RB. How low does iron go? Chasing the active species in fe-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1485-93. [PMID: 25916260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic cross-coupling reactions of organic halides or related substrates with organometallic nucleophiles form the cornerstone of many carbon-carbon bond-forming processes. While palladium-based catalysts typically mediate such reactions, there are increasing concerns about the long-term sustainability of palladium in synthesis. This is due to the high cost of palladium, coupled with its low natural abundance, environmentally deleterious extraction (∼6 g of metal are produced per ton of ore), toxicity, and competition for its use from the automotive and consumer electronics sectors. Therefore, there is a growing interest in replacing palladium-based catalysts with those incorporating more earth-abundant elements. With its low cost, high natural abundance, and low toxicity, iron makes a particularly appealing alternative, and accordingly, the development of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling is undergoing explosive growth. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the iron-based catalytic cycles is still very much in its infancy. Mechanistic insight into catalytic reactions is not only academically important but also allows us to maximize the efficiency of processes or even to develop entirely new transformations. Key to the development of robust mechanistic models for cross-coupling is knowing the lowest oxidation state in the cycle. Once this is established, we can explore subsequent redox processes and build the catalytic manifold. Until we know with confidence what the lowest oxidation state is, any cycles proposed are largely just guesswork. To date, Fe(-II), Fe(-I), Fe(0), Fe(I), and Fe(II) have been proposed as contenders for the lowest-oxidation-state species in the cycle in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling; the aim of this Account is to pull together the various pieces of evidence in support, or otherwise, of each of these suggestions in turn. There currently exists no direct evidence that oxidation states below Fe(0) are active in the catalytic cycle. Meanwhile, the reactivity required of the lowest-oxidation-state species has been observed with model compounds in higher oxidation states, implying that there is no need to invoke such low oxidation states. While subzero-valent complexes do indeed act as effective precatalysts, it is important to recognize that this tells us that they are efficiently converted to an active catalyst but says nothing about the oxidation states of the species in the catalytic cycle. Zero-valent heterogeneous iron nanoparticles can be formed under typical catalytic conditions, but there is no evidence to suggest that homogeneous Fe(0) complexes can be produced under comparable conditions. It seems likely that the zero-valent nanoparticles act as a reservoir for soluble higher-oxidation-state species. Fe(II) complexes can certainly be formed under catalytically relevant conditions, and when bulky nucleophilic coupling partners are exploited, potential intermediates can be isolated. However, the bulky reagents act as poor proxies for most nucleophiles used in cross-coupling, as they give Fe(II) organometallic intermediates that are kinetically stabilized with respect to reductive elimination. When more realistic substrates are exploited, reduction or disproportionation to Fe(I) is widely observed, and while it still has not been conclusively proved, this oxidation state currently represents a likely candidate for the lowest one active in many iron-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Bedford
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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45
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Kuzmina OM, Steib AK, Fernandez S, Boudot W, Markiewicz JT, Knochel P. Practical Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions between N-Heterocyclic Halides and Aryl or Heteroaryl Magnesium Reagents. Chemistry 2015; 21:8242-9. [PMID: 25899175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction scope of iron- and cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the presence of isoquinoline (quinoline) in the solvent mixture tBuOMe/THF has been further investigated. Various 2-halogenated pyridine, pyrimidine, and triazine derivatives were arylated under these mild conditions in excellent yields. The presence of isoquinoline allows us to perform Fe-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between 6-chloroquinoline and aryl magnesium reagents. Furthermore, it was found that the use of 10% N,N-dimethylquinoline-8-amine increases the yields of some Co-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with chloropyridines bearing electron-withdrawing substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya M Kuzmina
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Andreas K Steib
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Sarah Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Willy Boudot
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - John T Markiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany)
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich (Germany).
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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47
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Hedström A, Izakian Z, Vreto I, Wallentin CJ, Norrby PO. On the Radical Nature of Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:5946-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Parmar D, Henkel L, Dib J, Rueping M. Iron catalysed cross-couplings of azetidines – application to the formal synthesis of a pharmacologically active molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2111-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for the cross-coupling of azetidines with aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl and alkyl Grignard reagents has been developed under iron catalysis. In addition, a short formal synthesis of a pharmacologically active molecule was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixit Parmar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- Aachen
- Germany
| | - Lena Henkel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- Aachen
- Germany
| | - Josef Dib
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- Aachen
- Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- Aachen
- Germany
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49
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Steib AK, Kuzmina OM, Fernandez S, Malhotra S, Knochel P. Chemoselective Chromium(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Dichlorinated Heteroaromatics with Functionalized Aryl Grignard Reagents. Chemistry 2014; 21:1961-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Bedford RB, Brenner PB, Carter E, Clifton J, Cogswell PM, Gower NJ, Haddow MF, Harvey JN, Kehl JA, Murphy DM, Neeve EC, Neidig ML, Nunn J, Snyder BER, Taylor J. Iron Phosphine Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Tetraorganoborates and Related Group 13 Nucleophiles with Alkyl Halides. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500518r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Bedford
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Peter B. Brenner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Emma Carter
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Jamie Clifton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Paul M. Cogswell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Gower
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jeffrey A. Kehl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Damien M. Murphy
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Emily C. Neeve
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joshua Nunn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Benjamin E. R. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joseph Taylor
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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