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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Hirokawa S, Mori S, Kobayashi N, Shimizu S. Phenolate-bridged A 2B-type subporphyrin dimer. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An ether cleavage reaction of A2B-type subporphyrin bearing an ortho-anisyl substituent afforded a phenolate-bridged dimer. A head-to-tail structure of the dimer was unambiguously elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. UV-vis absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra indicated a minor interaction between the subporphyrin chromophores. Density functional theory calculations provided a detailed insight into the electronic structures of the subporphyrin dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Hirokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems(CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Periphery-Fused Chiral A 2B-Type Subporphyrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041140. [PMID: 33672731 PMCID: PMC7924371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant interest, the chiroptical properties of subporphyrins have rarely been investigated because chiral subporphyrins are elusive. Here, inherently chiral subporphyrins are elaborated by forming a fused pyran ring at the periphery of an A2B-type meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrin. Their circular dichroism (CD) properties are largely affected by the peripheral substituents and the dihedral angles between the meso-aryl substituents and the subporphyrin core: the β-perbromo subporphyrin with an orthogonal arrangement of the meso-phenyl substituents to the subporphyrin core exhibits weak CD signals corresponding to the Q bands, whereas the unsubstituted species with smaller dihedral angles shows relatively intense CD signals. A detailed structure–property relationship of these chiral subporphyrins was elucidated by time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations. This study reveals that the CD properties of chiral subporphyrins can be controlled by peripheral substitution and meso-aryl substituents.
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Chandra B, Soman R, Sathish Kumar B, Jose KVJ, Panda PK. Meso-Free Boron(III)subchlorin and Its μ-Oxo Dimer with Interacting Chromophores. Org Lett 2020; 22:9735-9739. [PMID: 33270460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meso-free B(III)subchlorin 1 has been realized exclusively for the first time from meso-ethoxycarbonyl-substituted tripyrrane along with the first subchlorin dimer 2 as its μ-oxo analogue via a facile one-pot approach. The subchlorin is highly stable toward oxidation; hence, it was not contaminated with the corresponding subporphyrin analogue 3. The subchlorin (56%) and its dimer (30%) exhibit singlet oxygen generation ability for the first time. The B-O-B dimer displays strong exciton coupling between the two macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Chandra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rahul Soman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - B Sathish Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - K V Jovan Jose
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Pradeepta K Panda
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Yoshida K, Osuka A. Subporpholactone, Subporpholactam, Imidazolosubporphyrin, and Iridium Complexes of Imidazolosubporphyrin: Formation of Iridium Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:338-342. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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6
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Yoshida K, Osuka A. Subporpholactone, Subporpholactam, Imidazolosubporphyrin, and Iridium Complexes of Imidazolosubporphyrin: Formation of Iridium Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Yonezawa T, Shafie SA, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. Shaping Antiaromatic π-Systems by Metalation: Synthesis of a Bowl-Shaped Antiaromatic Palladium Norcorrole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11822-11825. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Yonezawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Siham A. Shafie
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
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Yonezawa T, Shafie SA, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. Shaping Antiaromatic π-Systems by Metalation: Synthesis of a Bowl-Shaped Antiaromatic Palladium Norcorrole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Yonezawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Siham A. Shafie
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
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Cha WY, Oh J, Kitano M, Osuka A, Kim D. meso-Arylethynyl subporphyrins as efficient and tunable photo-induced electron transfer units. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of meso-arylethynyl-substituted subporphyrins can be tuned by 4-substituent at the arylethynyl group and solvent polarity. In polar acetonitrile, phenylethynyl subporphyrin 1 exhibited enhanced fluorescence, while (4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethynyl subporphyrin 2 showed red-shifted fluorescence from its charge-separated state and (4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl subporphyrin 3 displayed efficient fluorescence quenching due to charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong 134, Seodaemoongu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong 134, Seodaemoongu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong 134, Seodaemoongu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Śniechowska J, Paluch P, Potrzebowski MJ. Structure and dynamics processes in free-base chlorins controlled by chemical modifications of macroring and aryl groups in meso-positions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, detailed structural characterization and analysis of molecular motion for unsymmetrical pyrrolidine-fused chlorins employing NMR, UV spectroscopy and DFT theoretical calculations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Śniechowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - P. Paluch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - M. J. Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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Shimizu S. Recent Advances in Subporphyrins and Triphyrin Analogues: Contracted Porphyrins Comprising Three Pyrrole Rings. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2730-2784. [PMID: 27779851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinato boron (subporphyrin) was elusive until the syntheses of tribenzosubporphine in 2006 and meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrin in 2007. These novel contracted analogues possess a 14π-electron conjugated system embedded in a bowl-shaped structure. They exhibit absorption and fluorescence in the UV/vis region and nonlinear optical properties due to their octupolar structures. The unique coordination geometry around the central boron atom in the structure of subporphyrin enabled investigation of rare boron species, such as borenium cations, boron hydrides, and boron peroxides. Along with the burgeoning development of the chemistry of subporphyrins, analogous triphyrin systems have also emerged. Their rich coordination chemistry as a result of their free-base structures, which are different from the boron-coordinating structure of subporphyrins, has been intensively investigated. On the basis of the unique structures and reactivities of subporphyrins and their related triphyrin analogues, supramolecular architectures and covalently linked multicomponent systems have also been actively pursued. This Review provides an overview of the development of subporphyrin and triphyrin chemistry in the past decade and future prospects in this field, which may inspire molecular design toward applications based on their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Copley G, Oh J, Yoshida K, Shimizu D, Kim D, Osuka A. Intramolecular electron transfer reactions in meso-(4-nitrophenyl)-substituted subporphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1424-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A2B-type meso-(4-nitrophenyl)-substituted subporphyrins have been synthesized and shown to undergo very fast photoinduced intramolecular charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) between the subporphyrin core and the meso-4-nitrophenyl group in CH2Cl2 as probed by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Copley
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
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Kitano M, Okuda Y, Tsurumaki E, Tanaka T, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. β,β-Diborylated Subporphyrinato Boron(III) Complexes as Useful Synthetic Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9275-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Kitano M, Okuda Y, Tsurumaki E, Tanaka T, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. β,β-Diborylated Subporphyrinato Boron(III) Complexes as Useful Synthetic Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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