1
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Zhang Y, Oberg CP, Hu Y, Xu H, Yan M, Scholes GD, Wang M. Molecular and Supramolecular Materials: From Light-Harvesting to Quantum Information Science and Technology. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3294-3316. [PMID: 38497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed immense advances in quantum information technology (QIT), benefited by advances in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and engineering. It is intriguing to consider whether these diverse molecular and supramolecular structures and materials, partially inspired by quantum effects as observed in sophisticated biological systems such as light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and the magnetic compass of migratory birds, might play a role in future QIT. If so, how? Herein, we review materials and specify the relationship between structures and quantum properties, and we identify the challenges and limitations that have restricted the intersection of QIT and chemical materials. Examples are broken down into two categories: materials for quantum sensing where nonclassical function is observed on the molecular scale and systems where nonclassical phenomena are present due to intermolecular interactions. We discuss challenges for materials chemistry and make comparisons to related systems found in nature. We conclude that if chemical materials become relevant for QIT, they will enable quite new kinds of properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Catrina P Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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2
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van Son MHC, Berghuis AM, de Waal BFM, Wenzel FA, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Rivas JG, Vantomme G, Meijer EW. Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase-Separated Block Molecules for Long-Range Exciton Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300891. [PMID: 37002556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transport over long distances is essential for optoelectronic and light-harvesting devices. Although self-assembled nanofibers of organic molecules are shown to exhibit long exciton diffusion lengths, alignment of these nanofibers into films with large, organized domains with similar properties remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how the functionalization of C3 -symmetric carbonyl-bridged triarylamine trisamide (CBT) with oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains of discrete length leads to fully covered surfaces with aligned domains up to 125 × 70 µm2 in which long-range exciton transport takes place. The nanoscale morphology within the domains consists of highly ordered nanofibers with discrete intercolumnar spacings within a soft amorphous oDMS matrix. The oDMS prevents bundling of the CBT fibers, reducing the number of defects within the CBT columns. As a result, the columns have a high degree of coherence, leading to exciton diffusion lengths of a few hundred nanometers with exciton diffusivities (≈0.05 cm2 s-1 ) that are comparable to those of a crystalline tetracene. These findings represent the next step toward fully covered surfaces of highly aligned nanofibers through functionalization with oDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H C van Son
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anton M Berghuis
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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3
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Trung ND, Huy DTN, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Lafta HA, Abed AM, Bokov DO, Shomurodov K, Van Thuc Master H, Thaeer Hammid A, Kianfar E. Conductive Gels: Properties and Applications of Nanoelectronics. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35499625 PMCID: PMC9061932 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conductive gels are a special class of soft materials. They harness the 3D micro/nanostructures of gels with the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors, producing excellent novel attributes, like the formation of an intricate network of conducting micro/nanostructures that facilitates the easy movement of charge carriers. Conductive gels encompass interesting properties, like adhesion, porosity, swelling, and good mechanical properties compared to those of bulk conducting polymers. The porous structure of the gels allows the easy diffusion of ions and molecules and the swelling nature provides an effective interface between molecular chains and solution phases, whereas good mechanical properties enable their practical applications. Due to these excellent assets, conductive gels are promising candidates for applications like energy conversion and storage, sensors, medical and biodevices, actuators, superhydrophobic coatings, etc. Conductive gels offer promising applications, e.g., as soft sensors, energy storage, and wearable electronics. Hydrogels with ionic species have some potential in this area. However, they suffer from dehydration due to evaporation when exposed to the air which limits their applications and lifespan. In addition to conductive polymers and organic charge transfer complexes, there is another class of organic matter called "conductive gels" that are used in the organic nanoelectronics industry. The main features of this family of organic materials include controllable photoluminescence, use in photon upconversion technology, and storage of optical energy and its conversion into electricity. Various parameters change the electronic and optical behaviors of these materials, which can be changed by controlling some of the structural and chemical parameters of conductive gels, their electronic and optical behaviors depending on the applications. If the conjugated molecules with π bonds come together spontaneously, in a relative order, to form non-covalent bonds, they form a gel-like structure that has photoluminescence properties. The reason for this is the possibility of excitation of highest occupied molecular orbital level electrons of these molecules due to the collision of landing photons and their transfer to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. This property can be used in various nanoelectronic applications such as field-effect organic transistors, organic solar cells, and sensors to detect explosives. In this paper, the general introduction of conductive or conjugated gels with π bonds is discussed and some of the physical issues surrounding electron excitation due to incident radiation and the mobility of charge carriers, the position, and role of conductive gels in each of these applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
- Banking University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Azher M Abed
- Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, Russian Federation, 109240
| | - Kahramon Shomurodov
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli 103, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 100147
| | - Hoang Van Thuc Master
- Thai Nguyen University, University of Information and Communication Technology, Thái Nguyên, Vietnam
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
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4
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Wittmann B, Wenzel FA, Wiesneth S, Haedler AT, Drechsler M, Kreger K, Köhler J, Meijer EW, Schmidt HW, Hildner R. Enhancing Long-Range Energy Transport in Supramolecular Architectures by Tailoring Coherence Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8323-8330. [PMID: 32279503 PMCID: PMC7212519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Efficient
long-range energy transport along supramolecular architectures
of functional organic molecules is a key step in nature for converting
sunlight into a useful form of energy. Understanding and manipulating
these transport processes on a molecular and supramolecular scale
is a long-standing goal. However, the realization of a well-defined
system that allows for tuning morphology and electronic properties
as well as for resolution of transport in space and time is challenging.
Here we show how the excited-state energy landscape and thus the coherence
characteristics of electronic excitations can be modified by the hierarchical
level of H-type supramolecular architectures. We visualize, at room
temperature, long-range incoherent transport of delocalized singlet
excitons on pico- to nanosecond time scales in single supramolecular
nanofibers and bundles of nanofibers. Increasing the degree of coherence,
i.e., exciton delocalization, via supramolecular architectures enhances
exciton diffusivities up to 1 order of magnitude. In particular, we
find that single supramolecular nanofibers exhibit the highest diffusivities
reported for H-aggregates so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Wiesneth
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas T Haedler
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Dumele O, Chen J, Passarelli JV, Stupp SI. Supramolecular Energy Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907247. [PMID: 32162428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light-harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self-assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long-term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light-harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self-assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James V Passarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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6
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Schaub TA, Padberg K, Kivala M. Bridged triarylboranes, ‐silanes, ‐amines, and ‐phosphines as minimalistic heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Progress and challenges. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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7
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Janke J, Ehlers P, Villinger A, Langer P. Regioselective Synthesis of Thieno[3,2-b
]quinolones by Acylation/Two-Fold Buchwald-Hartwig Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Janke
- Institute of Chemistry; University Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institute of Chemistry; University Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; A.-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry; University Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry; University Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; A.-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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8
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Hirai M, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Yamaguchi S. Structurally Constrained Boron-, Nitrogen-, Silicon-, and Phosphorus-Centered Polycyclic π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8291-8331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hirai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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9
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Haedler AT, Meskers SCJ, Zha RH, Kivala M, Schmidt HW, Meijer EW. Pathway Complexity in the Enantioselective Self-Assembly of Functional Carbonyl-Bridged Triarylamine Trisamides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10539-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Haedler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R. Helen Zha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Kivala
- Chair
of Organic Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular
Chemistry I, Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, and Bayreuth
Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Gorbunov AV, Haedler AT, Putzeys T, Zha RH, Schmidt HW, Kivala M, Urbanavičiu̅tė I, Wübbenhorst M, Meijer EW, Kemerink M. Switchable Charge Injection Barrier in an Organic Supramolecular Semiconductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15535-15542. [PMID: 27246280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a supramolecular material that combines semiconducting and dipolar functionalities. The material consists of a discotic semiconducting carbonyl-bridged triarylamine core, which is surrounded by three dipolar amide groups. In thin films, the material self-organizes in a hexagonal columnar fashion through π-stacking of the molecular core and hydrogen bonding between the amide groups. Alignment by an electrical field in a simple metal/semiconductor/metal geometry induces a polar order in the interface layers near the metal contacts that can be reversibly switched, while the bulk material remains nonpolarized. On suitably chosen electrodes, the presence of an interfacial polarization field leads to a modulation of the barrier for charge injection into the semiconductor. Consequently, a reversible switching is possible between a high-resistance, injection-limited off-state and a low-resistance, space-charge-limited on-state. The resulting memory diode shows switchable rectification with on/off ratios of up to two orders of magnitude. This demonstrated multifunctionality of a single material is a promising concept toward possible application in low-cost, large-area, nonvolatile organic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tristan Putzeys
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Makromolekuläre Chemie I, Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Indre Urbanavičiu̅tė
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Dijkstra AG, Duan HG, Knoester J, Nelson KA, Cao J. How two-dimensional brick layer J-aggregates differ from linear ones: Excitonic properties and line broadening mechanisms. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:134310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arend G. Dijkstra
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149 Bldg. 99, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149 Bldg. 99, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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Meinhardt U, Lodermeyer F, Schaub TA, Kunzmann A, Dral PO, Sale AC, Hampel F, Guldi DM, Costa RD, Kivala M. N-Heterotriangulene chromophores with 4-pyridyl anchors for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-heterotriangulenes decorated with 4-pyridyl anchors were synthesized and their performance in n-type TiO2- and ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Meinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Fabian Lodermeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Pavlo O. Dral
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Anna Chiara Sale
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Ruben D. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
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Long-range energy transport in single supramolecular nanofibres at room temperature. Nature 2015; 523:196-9. [PMID: 26156373 DOI: 10.1038/nature14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient transport of excitation energy over long distances is a key process in light-harvesting systems, as well as in molecular electronics. However, in synthetic disordered organic materials, the exciton diffusion length is typically only around 10 nanometres (refs 4, 5), or about 50 nanometres in exceptional cases, a distance that is largely determined by the probability laws of incoherent exciton hopping. Only for highly ordered organic systems has the transport of excitation energy over macroscopic distances been reported--for example, for triplet excitons in anthracene single crystals at room temperature, as well as along single polydiacetylene chains embedded in their monomer crystalline matrix at cryogenic temperatures (at 10 kelvin, or -263 degrees Celsius). For supramolecular nanostructures, uniaxial long-range transport has not been demonstrated at room temperature. Here we show that individual self-assembled nanofibres with molecular-scale diameter efficiently transport singlet excitons at ambient conditions over more than four micrometres, a distance that is limited only by the fibre length. Our data suggest that this remarkable long-range transport is predominantly coherent. Such coherent long-range transport is achieved by one-dimensional self-assembly of supramolecular building blocks, based on carbonyl-bridged triarylamines, into well defined H-type aggregates (in which individual monomers are aligned cofacially) with substantial electronic interactions. These findings may facilitate the development of organic nanophotonic devices and quantum information technology.
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Hammer N, Shubina TE, Gisselbrecht JP, Hampel F, Kivala M. Synthesis and Properties of Arylvinylidene-Bridged Triphenylamines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2418-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammer
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatyana E. Shubina
- Computer
Chemistry Center (CCC), Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut
de Chimie-UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue
Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Hampel
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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