1
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Muto K, Hatanaka M, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Conformational Isomerization as a Process to Determine Selectivity over Reaction Pathways: Effect of Alkene Rotation in Chain Walking via Cis Alkene Intermediates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4712-4721. [PMID: 38526974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In organic reactions, bond-forming and bond-cleaving processes are generally considered to be more important than other processes such as conformational isomerization. We report herein an example where a conformational isomerization process, propeller-like alkene rotation, is considered to determine the selectivity over the reaction pathways. The transition state with the highest energy barrier in some alkylpalladium isomerization (chain walking) events was theoretically indicated to correspond to alkene rotation, while transition states for bond-cleaving β-hydride elimination and bond-forming migratory insertion were not even observed. It was also suggested both theoretically and experimentally that the palladium chain walking over internal carbons in alkyl chains proceeds via cis alkene intermediates rather than thermodynamically more stable trans alkene intermediates, due to their relative difficulty to undergo alkene rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Muto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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2
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The continuum of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation mechanisms and terminology. Commun Chem 2021; 4:173. [PMID: 36697593 PMCID: PMC9814233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
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3
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Mandal T, Dutta TK, Mohanty S, Choudhury J. Tris-NHC-propagated self-supported polymer-based Pd catalysts for heterogeneous C-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10182-10185. [PMID: 34523654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally propagated imidazolium-containing mesoporous coordination polymer and organic polymer-based platforms were successfully exploited to develop single-site heterogenized Pd-NHC catalysts for oxidative arene/heteroarene C-H functionalization reactions. The catalysts were efficient in directed arene halogenation, and nondirected arene and heteroarene arylation reactions. High catalytic activity, excellent heterogeneity and recyclability were offered by these systems making them promising candidates in the area of heterogeneous C-H functionalization, where efficient catalysts are still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mandal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
| | | | - Sunit Mohanty
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India.
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4
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Mandal T, Mondal M, Choudhury J. Hypercrosslinked Polymer Platform-Anchored Single-Site Heterogeneous Pd–NHC Catalysts for Diverse C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mandal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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5
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Synthesis, characterization and antitumor properties of novel silver(I) and gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of C-H activation methods promoted by NHC-transition metal complexes, covering the literature since 2002 (the year of the first report on metal-NHC-catalyzed C-H activation) through June 2019, focusing on both NHC ligands and C-H activation methods. This review covers C-H activation reactions catalyzed by group 8 to 11 NHC-metal complexes. Through discussing the role of NHC ligands in promoting challenging C-H activation methods, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by directly engaging ubiquitous C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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7
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Chepaikin EG, Menchikova GN, Pomogailo SI. Homogeneous catalytic systems for the oxidative functionalization of alkanes: design, oxidants, and mechanisms. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Wierenga TS, Vanston CR, Ariafard A, Gardiner MG, Ho CC. Accessing Chelating Extended Linker Bis(NHC) Palladium(II) Complexes: Sterically Triggered Divergent Reaction Pathways. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanita S. Wierenga
- School of Natural Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Catriona R. Vanston
- School of Natural Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School of Natural Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Curtis C. Ho
- School of Natural Sciences−Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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9
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Gardiner MG, Ho CC. Recent advances in bidentate bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) transition metal complexes and their applications in metal-mediated reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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King CR, Rollins N, Holdaway A, Konnick MM, Periana RA, Ess DH. Electrophilic Impact of High-Oxidation State Main-Group Metal and Ligands on Alkane C–H Activation and Functionalization Reactions. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton R. King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Nick Rollins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Ashley Holdaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Michael M. Konnick
- Hyconix, Inc., 4575 Weaver Parkway, Warrenville, Illinois 60555, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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11
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Liu JQ, Gou XX, Han YF. Chelating Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2257-2276. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Azpiroz R, Sharma P, Javier Pérez-Flores F, Gutierrez R, Espinosa-Pérez G, Lara-Ochoa F. Stable ferrocenyl-NHC Pd(II) complexes: Evidence of C-H ⋯H/π interaction and M-O bonding in solution. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Propane CH activation by palladium complexes bearing ligands with Charge-shift bonding characteristics: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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16
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Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and biological studies of silver(I) complexes derived from coumarin-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Mondal M, Joji J, Choudhury J. Designing a heterogeneous Pd(ii)–NHC-based C–H activation catalyst on a self-supported coordination polymer platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3185-3188. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An extended RuII(terpy)2-based coordination polymer provides a potential scaffold to design a self-supported, single-site PdII(NHC) oxidative catalyst for challenging reactions such as selective arene monohalogenation with enhanced catalytic activity compared to the homogeneous counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Jinu Joji
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics and Smart Materials Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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18
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Kondratenko EV, Peppel T, Seeburg D, Kondratenko VA, Kalevaru N, Martin A, Wohlrab S. Methane conversion into different hydrocarbons or oxygenates: current status and future perspectives in catalyst development and reactor operation. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights recent developments in methane conversion into different hydrocarbons and C1-oxygenates. Our analysis identified possible directions for further research to bring the above approaches to a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Peppel
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Dominik Seeburg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Narayana Kalevaru
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Andreas Martin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
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19
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Fuller JT, Butler S, Devarajan D, Jacobs A, Hashiguchi BG, Konnick MM, Goddard WA, Gonzales J, Periana RA, Ess DH. Catalytic Mechanism and Efficiency of Methane Oxidation by Hg(II) in Sulfuric Acid and Comparison to Radical Initiated Conditions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Fuller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Steven Butler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Deepa Devarajan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin Jacobs
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Brian G. Hashiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael M. Konnick
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jason Gonzales
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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20
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Qi SC, Hayashi JI, Zhang L. Recent application of calculations of metal complexes based on density functional theory. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent application of density functional theory (DFT) for metal complexes is reviewed to show the achievements of DFT and the challenges for it, as well as the methods for selecting proper functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Qi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
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21
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Gustafson SJ, Fuller JT, Devarajan D, Snyder J, Periana RA, Hashiguchi BG, Konnick MM, Ess DH. Contrasting Mechanisms and Reactivity of Tl(III), Hg(II), and Co(III) for Alkane C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Gustafson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jack T. Fuller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Deepa Devarajan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Justin Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Brian G. Hashiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael M. Konnick
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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22
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Giles R, Ahn G, Jung KW. H-D exchange in deuterated trifluoroacetic acid via ligand-directed NHC-palladium catalysis: a powerful method for deuteration of aromatic ketones, amides, and amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:6231-6235. [PMID: 26494929 PMCID: PMC4610012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for one-step ortho-selective ligand-directed H-D exchange, accompanied in some cases by concurrent acid-catalyzed electrophilic deuteration. This method is effective for deuteration of aromatic substrates ranging from ketones to amides and amino acids, including compounds of biological and pharmaceutical interest such as acetaminophen and edaravone. Use of a palladium catalyst featuring an NHC ligand is critical for the observed reactivity. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that palladium facilitates C-H activation of the aromatic substrates, a mechanism seldom observed under strongly acidic conditions. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Giles
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Green Ahn
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kyung Woon Jung
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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23
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Recent advances in the application of group-10 transition metal based catalysts in C–H activation and functionalization. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Qiao Y, Wei D, Chang J. Insights into the Unexpected Chemoselectivity for the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Allenals with Chalcones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8619-30. [PMID: 26270106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lewis base N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the reaction mechanisms, especially the unexpected chemoselectivity of some of these reactions, are poorly understood. In this work, a systematic theoretical calculation has been performed on NHC-catalyzed annulation between allenals and chalcone. Multiple possible reaction pathways (A-E) leading to three different products have been characterized. The calculated results reveal that NHC is more likely to initiate the reaction by nucleophilic attack on the center carbon atom of the allene group but not the carbonyl carbon atom in allenals leading to the Breslow intermediate, which is remarkably different from the other NHC-catalyzed annulations of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones. The computed energy profiles demonstrate that the most energetically favorable pathway (A) results in polysubstituted pyranyl aldehydes, which reasonably explains the observed chemoselectivity in the experiment. The observed chemoselectivity is demonstrated to be thermodynamically but not kinetically controlled, and the stability of the Breslow intermediate is the key for the possibility of homoenolate pathway D and enolate pathway E. This work can improve our understanding of the multiple competing pathways for NHC-catalyzed annulation reactions of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones and provide valuable insights for predicting the chemoselectivity for this kind of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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25
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Thenraj M, Samuelson AG. Contrasting electronic requirements for CH binding and CH activation in d6half-sandwich complexes of rhenium and tungsten. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1818-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Thenraj
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Ashoka G. Samuelson
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
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26
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Desai SP, Mondal M, Choudhury J. Chelating Bis-N-heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium(II) Complexes for Oxidative Arene C–H Functionalization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501163m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Puneet Desai
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
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Munz D, Strassner T. Alkane C-H functionalization and oxidation with molecular oxygen. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5043-52. [PMID: 25822853 DOI: 10.1021/ic502515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of environmentally benign, cheap, and economically viable oxidation procedures is a key challenge of homogeneous, oxidative alkane functionalization. The typically harsh reaction conditions and the propensity of dioxygen for radical reactivity call for extraordinary robust catalysts. Mainly three strategies have been applied. These are (1) the combination of a catalyst responsible for C-H activation with a cocatalyst responsible for dioxygen activation, (2) transition-metal catalysts, which react with both hydrocarbons and molecular oxygen, and (3) the introduction of very robust main-group element catalysts for C-H functionalization chemistry. Herein, these three approaches will be assessed and exemplified by the reactivity of chelated palladium (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts in combination with a vanadium cocatalyst, the methane functionalization by cobalt catalysts, and the reaction of group XVII compounds with alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Jagadeesan R, Velmurugan G, Venuvanalingam P. The nature of Pd–carbene and Pd–halogen bonds in (bisNHC)PdX2 type catalysts: insights from density functional theory. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd–carbene and Pd–halogen play a key role in the catalytic activity of (bisNHC)PdX2 complexes and they can be fine-tuned with proper substitution in the carbene moiety and choosing a weakly coordinating halide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Jagadeesan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
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Allolio C, Strassner T. Palladium Complexes with Chelating Bis-NHC Ligands in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction—Mechanism and Electronic Effects, a DFT Study. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12096-105. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501897s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Allolio
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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