1
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Trinquier G, David G, Veillon E, Malrieu JP. On Entangled Singlet Pure Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4252-4267. [PMID: 38748985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This work addresses a class of conjugated hydrocarbons that are expected to be singlet diradicals according to the topological Hückel Hamiltonian while possibly satisfying full on-bond electron pairing. These systems possess two degenerate singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs), but aromaticity brought by properly positioned six-membered rings does prevent Jahn-Teller distortions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on two emblematic examples confirm the strong bond-length alternation in the closed-shell solutions and the clear spatial symmetry in the open-shell spin-unrestricted determinants, the latter solution always being found to have significantly lower energy. Since the SOMOs are here of different symmetry, the wave function is free from ionic valence-bond component, and spin decontamination of the unrestricted DFT solutions and wave function calculations at the CASSCF-plus-second-order-perturbation level confirm the expected pure diradical character of such molecules. In contrast to disjoint diradicals, the SOMOs of present systems have large amplitudes on neighbor atoms, and we propose to name them entangled pure diradicals, further providing some prescription rules for their design. Additional calculations point out the qualitative contrast between these molecules and the related diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
| | - Grégoire David
- Institut des sciences chimiques de rennes, ISCR-CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Elohan Veillon
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
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2
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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3
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Alcón I, Shao J, Tremblay JC, Paulus B. Conformational control over π-conjugated electron pairing in 1D organic polymers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20498-20506. [PMID: 35479909 PMCID: PMC9033971 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades π-conjugated bi-radicals have attracted increasing attention, due to the existence of two close-in-energy resonant electronic configurations with very distinct characteristics: the open-shell bi-radical and the closed-shell quinoidal. The chemical design of the bi-radical structure has been shown to be very effective to shift the balance towards one, or the other, electronic distribution. Some reports have experimentally studied the analogous 1D oligomers and polymers, however, only the open-shell multi-radical configuration has been detected, and it is yet not very clear which structural and chemical parameters are relevant in such extended systems. In this work, via first principles quantum chemical simulations, we study a series of π-conjugated 1D polymers based on triarylmethyl radicals with different chemical functionalization. We find that dihedral angles of the aryl rings connecting the radical centres are the key conformational parameter determining the electronic balance. This provides a simple recipe to use chemical functionalization of aryl rings as a tool to shift the system towards either the electron paired or unpaired configurations. Additionally, we find such conformational control is also effective under the effect of thermal fluctuations, which highlights its potential technological applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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4
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Ortega P, Gil-Guerrero S, Veselinova A, Zanchet A, González-Sánchez L, Jambrina PG, Sanz-Sanz C. Multi- and single-reference methods for the analysis of multi-state peroxidation of enolates. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144303. [PMID: 33858147 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of being spin-forbidden, some enzymes are capable of catalyzing the incorporation of O2(Σg-3) to organic substrates without needing any cofactor. It has been established that the process followed by these enzymes starts with the deprotonation of the substrate forming an enolate. In a second stage, the peroxidation of the enolate formation occurs, a process in which the system changes its spin multiplicity from a triplet state to a singlet state. In this article, we study the addition of O2 to enolates using state-of-the-art multi-reference and single-reference methods. Our results confirm that intersystem crossing is promoted by stabilization of the singlet state along the reaction path. When multi-reference methods are used, large active spaces are required, and in this situation, semistochastic heat-bath configuration interaction emerges as a powerful method to study these multi-configurational systems and is in good agreement with PNO-LCCSD(T) when the system is well-represented by a single-configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ortega
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - S Gil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - A Veselinova
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - A Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - L González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - P G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - C Sanz-Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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5
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Alcón I, Santiago R, Ribas-Arino J, Deumal M, Moreira IDPR, Bromley ST. Controlling pairing of π-conjugated electrons in 2D covalent organic radical frameworks via in-plane strain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1705. [PMID: 33731706 PMCID: PMC7969611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the electronic states of molecules is a fundamental challenge for future sub-nanoscale device technologies. π-conjugated bi-radicals are very attractive systems in this respect as they possess two energetically close, but optically and magnetically distinct, electronic states: the open-shell antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic and the closed-shell quinoidal diamagnetic states. While it has been shown that it is possible to statically induce one electronic ground state or the other by chemical design, the external dynamical control of these states in a rapid and reproducible manner still awaits experimental realization. Here, via quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrate that in-plane uniaxial strain of 2D covalently linked arrays of radical units leads to smooth and reversible conformational changes at the molecular scale that, in turn, induce robust transitions between the two kinds of electronic distributions. Our results pave a general route towards the external control, and thus technological exploitation, of molecular-scale electronic states in organic 2D materials. Controlling the electronic states of molecules is a fundamental challenge for future sub-nanoscale device technologies but the external dynamical control of these states still awaits experimental realization. Here, via quantum chemical calculations, the authors demonstrate that in-plane uniaxial strain of 2D covalently linked arrays of radical units induces controlled pairing of π-conjugated electrons in a reversible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Raúl Santiago
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Arino
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Deumal
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Ramos-Berdullas N, Gil-Guerrero S, Peña-Gallego Á, Mandado M. The effect of spin polarization on the electron transport of molecular wires with diradical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4777-4783. [PMID: 33599227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most promising materials for application in molecular electronics and spintronics are based on diradical chains. Herein, the proposed relation between increasing conductance with length and diradical character is revisited using ab initio methods that account for the static electron correlation effects. Electron transmission was previously obtained from restricted single determinant wavefuntions or tight-binding approximations, which are unable to account for static correlation. Broken Symmetry Unrestricted Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (BS-UKS-DFT) in combination with electron transport analysis based on electron deformation orbitals (EDOs) reflects an exponential decay of the electrical conductance with length. Also, other important effects such as quantum interference are correctly accounted for, leading to a decrease of the conductance as the diradical character increases. As a proof-of-concept, the electrical conductance obtained from BS-UKS-DFT and CASSCF(2,2) wavefunctions were compared in diradical graphene strips in the frame of the pseudo-π approach, obtaining very similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramos-Berdullas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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7
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Horbatenko Y, Sadiq S, Lee S, Filatov M, Choi CH. Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (MRSF-TDDFT) as a Simple yet Accurate Method for Diradicals and Diradicaloids. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:848-859. [PMID: 33401894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their multiconfigurational nature featuring strong electron correlation, accurate description of diradicals and diradicaloids is a challenge for quantum chemical methods. The recently developed mixed-reference spin-flip (MRSF)-TDDFT method is capable of describing the multiconfigurational electronic states of these systems while avoiding the spin-contamination pitfalls of SF-TDDFT. Here, we apply MRSF-TDDFT to study the adiabatic singlet-triplet (ST) gaps in a series of well-known diradicals and diradicaloids. On average, MRSF displays a very high prediction accuracy of the adiabatic ST gaps with the mean absolute error (MAE) amounting to 0.14 eV. In addition, MRSF is capable of accurately describing the effect of the Jahn-Teller distortion occurring in the trimethylenemethane diradical, the violation of the Hund rule in a series of the didehydrotoluene diradicals, and the potential energy surfaces of the didehydrobenzene (benzyne) diradicals. A convenient criterion for distinguishing diradicals and diradicaloids is suggested on the basis of the easily obtainable quantities. In all of these cases, which are difficult for the conventional methods of density functional theory (DFT), MRSF shows results consistent with the experiment and the high-level ab initio computations. Hence, the present study documents the reliability and accuracy of MRSF and lays out the guidelines for its application to strongly correlated molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Horbatenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Saima Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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8
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Papadopoulos I, Gutiérrez-Moreno D, McCosker PM, Casillas R, Keller PA, Sastre-Santos Á, Clark T, Fernández-Lázaro F, Guldi DM. Perylene-Monoimides: Singlet Fission Down-Conversion Competes with Up-Conversion by Geminate Triplet–Triplet Recombination. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5727-5736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Gutiérrez-Moreno
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Park JW, Al-Saadon R, MacLeod MK, Shiozaki T, Vlaisavljevich B. Multireference Electron Correlation Methods: Journeys along Potential Energy Surfaces. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5878-5909. [PMID: 32239929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multireference electron correlation methods describe static and dynamical electron correlation in a balanced way and, therefore, can yield accurate and predictive results even when single-reference methods or multiconfigurational self-consistent field theory fails. One of their most prominent applications in quantum chemistry is the exploration of potential energy surfaces. This includes the optimization of molecular geometries, such as equilibrium geometries and conical intersections and on-the-fly photodynamics simulations, both of which depend heavily on the ability of the method to properly explore the potential energy surface. Because such applications require nuclear gradients and derivative couplings, the availability of analytical nuclear gradients greatly enhances the scope of quantum chemical methods. This review focuses on the developments and advances made in the past two decades. A detailed account of the analytical nuclear gradient and derivative coupling theories is presented. Emphasis is given to the software infrastructure that allows one to make use of these methods. Notable applications of multireference electron correlation methods to chemistry, including geometry optimizations and on-the-fly dynamics, are summarized at the end followed by a discussion of future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Rachael Al-Saadon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K MacLeod
- Workday, 4900 Pearl Circle East, Suite 100, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Toru Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Quantum Simulation Technologies, Inc., 625 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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10
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Stuyver T, Chen B, Zeng T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Hoffmann R. Do Diradicals Behave Like Radicals? Chem Rev 2019; 119:11291-11351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
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11
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Ortiz R, Boto RA, García-Martínez N, Sancho-García JC, Melle-Franco M, Fernández-Rossier JN. Exchange Rules for Diradical π-Conjugated Hydrocarbons. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5991-5997. [PMID: 31365266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A variety of planar π-conjugated hydrocarbons such as heptauthrene, Clar's goblet and, recently synthesized, triangulene have two electrons occupying two degenerate molecular orbitals. The resulting spin of the interacting ground state is often correctly anticipated as S = 1, extending the application of Hund's rules to these systems, but this is not correct in some instances. Here we provide a set of rules to correctly predict the existence of zero mode states as well as the spin multiplicity of both the ground state and the low-lying excited states, together with their open- or closed-shell nature. This is accomplished using a combination of analytical arguments and configuration interaction calculations with a Hubbard model, both backed by quantum chemistry methods with a larger Gaussian basis set. Our results go beyond the well established Lieb's theorem and Ovchinnikov's rule, as we address the multiplicity and the open-/closed-shell nature of both ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ortiz
- QuantaLab , International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga , 4715-330 Braga , Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Universidad de Alicante , 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig , Spain
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad de Alicante , 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig , Spain
| | - Roberto A Boto
- CICECO, Departamento de Química , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Noel García-Martínez
- QuantaLab , International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga , 4715-330 Braga , Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Universidad de Alicante , 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig , Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho-García
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad de Alicante , 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig , Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO, Departamento de Química , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Joaquı N Fernández-Rossier
- QuantaLab , International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga , 4715-330 Braga , Portugal
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12
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Gu J, Wu W, Stuyver T, Danovich D, Hoffmann R, Tsuji Y, Shaik S. Cross Conjugation in Polyenes and Related Hydrocarbons: What Can Be Learned from Valence Bond Theory about Single-Molecule Conductance? J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6030-6047. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Danovich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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13
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Alexander Voigt B, Steenbock T, Herrmann C. Structural diradical character. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:854-865. [PMID: 30592065 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A reliable first-principles description of singlet diradical character is essential for predicting nonlinear optical and magnetic properties of molecules. As diradical and closed-shell electronic structures differ in their distribution of single, double, triple, and aromatic bonds, modeling electronic diradical character requires accurate bond-length patterns, in addition to accurate absolute bond lengths. We therefore introduce structural diradical character, which we suggest as an additional measure for comparing first-principles calculations with experimental data. We employ this measure to identify suitable exchange-correlation functionals for predicting the bond length patterns and electronic diradical character of a biscobaltocene with the potential for photoswitchable nonlinear optical activity. Out of four popular approximate exchange-correlation functionals with different exact-exchange admixtures (BP86, TPSS, B3LYP, TPSSh), the two hybrid functionals TPSSh and B3LYP perform best for diradical bond length patterns, with TPSSh being best for the organometallic validation systems and B3LYP for the organic ones (for which the D3 dispersion correction was included). Still, none of the functionals is suitable for correctly describing relative bond lengths across the range of molecules studied, so that none can be recommended for predictive studies of (potential) diradicals without reservation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Alexander Voigt
- Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Steenbock
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Mathieu S, Trinquier G. Oxidative addition of carbon dioxide into mesoionics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5531-5565. [PMID: 30785431 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the prospect of making stable mesoionic compounds of the type mesomeric betaine R+-CO2- from direct oxidative additions of carbon dioxide to suitably-delocalized singlet carbene moieties, with bold objectives of carbon sequestration and overall energy storage. A set of possible candidates for such mesoionic compounds is theoretically explored through DFT calculations, inspecting coupling paths, thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities, and geometric and electronic structural features. Among others, the addressed cationic parts include aromatic rings in their broader sense, phenalene systems, and odd linear polyenic chains. Various structurally-close neutral alternatives such as oxiranones or carbene-acid forms are also considered. In the linear polyenic chain family, there is stark contrast between 4N + 1 and 4N - 1 lengths, with ensuing substantial consequences for stabilities and structures. Amino substitutions can favor mesoionic arrangements through their cation-stabilizing π-donor properties, further supported by possible strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but they can also contribute to weaken their kinetic stability through the existence of stable neutral imino alternatives. All in all, mesoionics including tropylium, phenalene, or 4N + 1 odd polyene frames as cationic parts could be reasonable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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15
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Poidevin C, Paciok P, Heggen M, Auer AA. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electronic structure theory investigation of platinum nanoparticles on carbon black. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul Paciok
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Yeh CN, Wu C, Su H, Chai JD. Electronic properties of the coronene series from thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34350-34358. [PMID: 35548596 PMCID: PMC9087050 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully utilize the great potential of graphene in electronics, a comprehensive understanding of the electronic properties of finite-size graphene flakes is essential. While the coronene series with n fused benzene rings at each side (designated as n-coronenes) are possible structures for opening a band gap in graphene, their electronic properties are not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, because of their radical character, it remains very difficult to reliably predict the electronic properties of the larger n-coronenes with conventional computational approaches. In order to circumvent this, the various electronic properties of n-coronenes (n = 2-11) are investigated using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) [J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154104], a very efficient electronic structure method for studying nanoscale systems with strong static correlation effects. The ground states of the larger n-coronenes are shown to be polyradical singlets, where the active orbitals are mainly localized at the zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Can Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
| | - Haibin Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Theoretical Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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17
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Castillo SR, Simon A, Joblin C. Investigating the importance of edge-structure in the loss of H/H 2 of PAH cations: the case of dibenzopyrene isomers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 429:189-197. [PMID: 30186034 PMCID: PMC6120680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the main dehydrogenation processes of two dibenzopyrene cation (C24H14+) isomers, namely dibenzo(a,e)pyrene (AE+) and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene (AL+). First, action spectroscopy under VUV photons was performed using synchrotron radiation in the 8-20 eV range. We observed lower dissociation thresholds for the non-planar molecule (AL+) than for the planar one (AE+) for the main dissociation pathways: H and 2H/H2 loss. In order to rationalize the experimental results, dissociation paths were investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. In the case of H loss, which is the dominant channel at the lowest energies, the observed difference between the two isomers can be explained by the presence in AL+ of two C-H bonds with considerably lower adiabatic dissociation energies. In both isomers the 2H/H2 loss channels are observed only at about 1 eV higher than H loss. We suggest that this is due to the propensity of bay H atoms to easily form H2. In addition, in the case of AL+, we cannot exclude a competition between 2H and H2 channels. In particular, the formation of a stable dissociation product with a five-membered ring could account for the low energy sequential loss of 2 hydrogens. This work shows the potential role of non-compact PAHs containing bay regions in the production of H2 in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rodriguez Castillo
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie IRAP, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie IRAP, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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18
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Trinquier G, Malrieu JP. Predicting the Open-Shell Character of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Terms of Clar Sextets. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1088-1103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques,
IRSAMC−CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques,
IRSAMC−CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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19
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Alcón I, Viñes F, Moreira IDPR, Bromley ST. Existence of multi-radical and closed-shell semiconducting states in post-graphene organic Dirac materials. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1957. [PMID: 29208895 PMCID: PMC5717056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-graphene organic Dirac (PGOD) materials are ordered two-dimensional networks of triply bonded sp 2 carbon nodes spaced by π-conjugated linkers. PGOD materials are natural chemical extensions of graphene that promise to have an enhanced range of properties and applications. Experimentally realised molecules based on two PGOD nodes exhibit a bi-stable closed-shell/multi-radical character that can be understood through competing Lewis resonance forms. Here, following the same rationale, we predict that similar states should be accessible in PGOD materials, which we confirm using accurate density functional theory calculations. Although for graphene the semimetallic state is always dominant, for PGOD materials this state becomes marginally meta-stable relative to open-shell multi-radical and/or closed-shell states that are stabilised through symmetry breaking, in line with analogous molecular systems. These latter states are semiconducting, increasing the potential use of PGOD materials as highly tuneable platforms for future organic nano-electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iberio de P R Moreira
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Gu J, Wu W, Danovich D, Hoffmann R, Tsuji Y, Shaik S. Valence Bond Theory Reveals Hidden Delocalized Diradical Character of Polyenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9302-9316. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Gu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - David Danovich
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Education
Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational
Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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21
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Lee J, Small DW, Epifanovsky E, Head-Gordon M. Coupled-Cluster Valence-Bond Singles and Doubles for Strongly Correlated Systems: Block-Tensor Based Implementation and Application to Oligoacenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:602-615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David W. Small
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Trinquier G, Malrieu JP. Spreading out spin density in polyphenalenyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27623-27642. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Properly-designed monoradicals built from polycondensed phenalene units can enforce flattening of spin distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (CNRS-UMR5626)
- IRSAMC
- Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III)
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (CNRS-UMR5626)
- IRSAMC
- Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III)
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex
- France
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23
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Mauksch M, Tsogoeva SB. A new architecture for high spin organics based on Baird's rule of 4n electron triplet aromatics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4688-4694. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports triplet aromatic high spin ground states of cyclopentadienyl cation polyads as alternative to high spin polyradicals or polycarbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mauksch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- 91052 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
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24
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Reta D, Moreira IDPR, Illas F. Calix[n]arene-based polyradicals: enhancing ferromagnetism by avoiding edge effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24264-24270. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The absence of edges in circular structures derived from 1,3-arylmethyl polyradical results in realistic molecules showing largely stabilized high-spin ground states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reta
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ibério de P. R. Moreira
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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25
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Malrieu JP, Trinquier G. Can a Topological Approach Predict Spin-Symmetry Breaking in Conjugated Hydrocarbons? J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9564-9578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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26
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Bhattacharya D, Shil S, Misra A, Bytautas L, Klein DJ. Toward Molecular Magnets of Organic Origin via Anion−π Interaction Involving m-Aminyl Diradical: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9117-9130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Center
for Atomic Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, PIN. 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Laimutis Bytautas
- Department
of Chemistry, Galveston College, 4015 Avenue Q, Galveston, Texas 77550, United States
| | - Douglas J. Klein
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
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27
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Klumpp DA, Gilbert TM, Trahanovsky WS. Intramolecular Reactions of Tethered Furan‐Based Bis(
p
‐quinodimethanes). European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Illinois University60115DeKalbILUSA
| | - Thomas M. Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Illinois University60115DeKalbILUSA
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28
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Yeh CN, Chai JD. Role of Kekulé and Non-Kekulé Structures in the Radical Character of Alternant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A TAO-DFT Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30562. [PMID: 27457289 PMCID: PMC4960612 DOI: 10.1038/srep30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the role of Kekulé and non-Kekulé structures in the radical character of alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT), an efficient electronic structure method for the study of large ground-state systems with strong static correlation effects. Our results reveal that the studies of Kekulé and non-Kekulé structures qualitatively describe the radical character of alternant PAHs, which could be useful when electronic structure calculations are infeasible due to the expensive computational cost. In addition, our results support previous findings on the increase in radical character with increasing system size. For alternant PAHs with the same number of aromatic rings, the geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings are responsible for their radical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Theoretical Sciences and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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29
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Scheerer S, Linseis M, Wuttke E, Weickert S, Drescher M, Tröppner O, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Irmler A, Pauly F, Winter RF. Redox-Active Tetraruthenium Macrocycles Built from 1,4-Divinylphenylene-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:9574-90. [PMID: 27270860 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metallamacrocylic tetraruthenium complexes were generated by treatment of 1,4-divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium complexes with functionalized 1,3-benzene dicarboxylic acids and characterized by HR ESI-MS and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Every divinylphenylene diruthenium subunit is oxidized in two consecutive one-electron steps with half-wave potential splittings in the range of 250 to 330 mV. Additional, smaller redox-splittings between the +/2+ and 0/+ and the 3+/4+ and 2+/3+ redox processes, corresponding to the first and the second oxidations of every divinylphenylene diruthenium entity, are due to electrostatic effects. The lack of electronic coupling through bond or through space is explained by the nodal properties of the relevant molecular orbitals and the lateral side-by-side arrangement of the divinylphenylene linkers. The polyelectrochromic behavior of the divinylphenylene diruthenium precursors is retained and even amplified in these metallamacrocyclic structures. EPR studies down to T=4 K indicate that the dications 1-H(2+) and 1-OBu(2+) are paramagnetic. The dications and the tetracation of macrocycle 3-H display intense (dications) or weak (3-H(4+) ) EPR signals. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the four most stable conformers of the macrocycles are largely devoid of strain. Bond parameters, energies as well as charge and spin density distributions of model macrocycle 5-H(Me) were calculated for the different charge and spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scheerer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Wuttke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & CO. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach a. d. Riß, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tröppner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Irmler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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30
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Malrieu JP, Trinquier G. Communication: Proper use of broken-symmetry calculations in antiferromagnetic polyradicals. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:211101. [PMID: 27276937 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present comment formulates some recommendations regarding the use of broken-symmetry Unrestricted Density Functional Theory (UDFT) solutions in those polyradical architectures predicted to be of ground-state singlet character according to Ovchinnikov's rule. It proposes a procedure to identify the number of open shells, to reach the relevant Ms = 0 solution, and to estimate the low-energy spectrum of the states which keeps this number of open shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (CNRS, UMR5626), IRSAMC, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (CNRS, UMR5626), IRSAMC, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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31
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32
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Zhang D, Liu C. Electronic Structures of Anti-Ferromagnetic Tetraradicals: Ab Initio and Semi-Empirical Studies. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:1714-27. [PMID: 26963572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energy relationships and electronic structures of the lowest-lying spin states in several anti-ferromagnetic tetraradical model systems are studied with high-level ab initio and semi-empirical methods. The Full-CI method (FCI), the complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2), and the n-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) are employed to obtain reference results. By comparing the energy relationships predicted from the Heisenberg and Hubbard models with ab initio benchmarks, the accuracy of the widely used Heisenberg model for anti-ferromagnetic spin-coupling in low-spin polyradicals is cautiously tested in this work. It is found that the strength of electron correlation (|U/t|) concerning anti-ferromagnetically coupled radical centers could range widely from strong to moderate correlation regimes and could become another degree of freedom besides the spin multiplicity. Accordingly, the Heisenberg-type model works well in the regime of strong correlation, which reproduces well the energy relationships along with the wave functions of all the spin states. In moderately spin-correlated tetraradicals, the results of the prototype Heisenberg model deviate severely from those of multi-reference electron correlation ab initio methods, while the extended Heisenberg model, containing four-body terms, can introduce reasonable corrections and maintains its accuracy in this condition. In the weak correlation regime, both the prototype Heisenberg model and its extended forms containing higher-order correction terms will encounter difficulties. Meanwhile, the Hubbard model shows balanced accuracy from strong to weak correlation cases and can reproduce qualitatively correct electronic structures, which makes it more suitable for the study of anti-ferromagnetic coupling in polyradical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chungen Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Poidevin C, Malrieu JP, Trinquier G, Lepetit C, Allouti F, Alikhani ME, Chauvin R. Towards Magnetic Carbo-
meric Molecular Materials. Chemistry 2016; 22:5295-308. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques; UMR 5626 (CNRS), IRSAMC; Université P. Sabatier; 118 Rte de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques; UMR 5626 (CNRS), IRSAMC; Université P. Sabatier; 118 Rte de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Faycal Allouti
- Physico Chimie des Processus de Combustion, et de l'Atmosphère (PC2 A); UMR 8522, CNRS/Lille 1; Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Cité scientifique; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - M. Esmail Alikhani
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, MONARIS, UMR 8233; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 4 Place Jussieu, Case courrier 49 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
- CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 4 Place Jussieu, Case courrier 49 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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Malrieu JP, Ferré N, Guihéry N. Magnetic Properties of Conjugated Hydrocarbons from Topological Hamiltonians. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29022-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Castellanos Caro R, dos Santos MC. Strain-induced spin crossover and spin-polarized currents in a prototype graphene nanoribbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16451-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ferré N, Guihéry N, Malrieu JP. Spin decontamination of broken-symmetry density functional theory calculations: deeper insight and new formulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14375-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes rigorous and physically based spin decontamination factors for broken-symmetry treatments of diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ferré
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR7273
- CNRS Université d'Aix Marseille
- 13397 Marseille cedex 20
- France
| | - Nathalie Guihéry
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- Université de Toulouse 3
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- Université de Toulouse 3
- 31062 Toulouse
- France
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