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Tang M, Zhong H, Lu X, Yang R, Lee CKW, Pan Y, Chen Y, Li MG. In situ Electrical Impedance Tomography for Visualizing Water Transportation in Hygroscopic Aerogels. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2402676. [PMID: 38742435 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The global water crisis demands immediate attention, and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) provides a viable alternative. However, studying the real-time subtle relationship between water absorption, diffusion, and internal structure for hygroscopic materials is challenging. Herein, a dynamic visualization technique is proposed that utilizes an in situ electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system and a precise reconstruction algorithm to achieve real-time monitoring of the water sorption process within aerogels from an internal microstructural perspective. These results can be inferred that composites' pore sizes affecting the kinetics of their moisture absorption. In addition, the diffusion path of moisture absorption and the distribution of stored moisture inside aerogels exhibit intrinsic self-selective behavior, where the fiber skeleton of the aerogel plays a crucial role. In summary, this work proposes a generic EIT-based technique for the in situ and dynamic monitoring of the hygroscopic process, pointing to an entirely new approach regarding research on AWH materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Haosong Zhong
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Xupeng Lu
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Rongliang Yang
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Connie Kong Wai Lee
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Yexin Pan
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Mitch Guijun Li
- Center for Smart Manufacturing, Division of Integrative Systems and Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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2
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Chen D, Wang T, Kei Ko P, Shi J, Liu M, Halpert JE. Sterically Controlled Synthesis of Amine-Free CsPbBr 3 Nanoplatelets for Stable, Pure-Blue Light Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317590. [PMID: 38153600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) have demonstrated excellent optical properties for light-emitting applications and achieved tunable blue luminescence through thickness control. However, their translation into electronic devices has lagged behind due to poor colloidal and film stability. The main reason for this is the deprotonation of their surface-capped ammonium passivating ligands, resulting in NPL aggregation. Here we report the first facile synthesis of amine-free pure-blue CsPbBr3 NPLs with outstanding thermal and light stability. This is achieved by utilizing an amine-free phosphine oxide route with a surface capping molecule exhibiting large steric hindrance to prevent NPL aggregation. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy suggests slower ligand exchange in amine-free NPLs compared to the conventional NPLs, which can be attributed to the strong binding strength of the designated ligand. Consequently, the amine-free NPLs exhibited superior stability against radiation, heat and moisture. We further demonstrate the importance of acid-base equilibrium in this amine-free synthesis route. Through solvent neutralization and passivation with various alkali carbonates, the resulting NPLs attained near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and pure blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Tyler Wang
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Pui Kei Ko
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Jinquan Shi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Mengxia Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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3
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Tian X, Yin Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Xing Z, Liu C, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang J, Dong L. Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305913. [PMID: 38059822 PMCID: PMC10853707 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland (TG) for treating thyroid disorders leaves the patients on lifelong hormone replacement that partially compensates the physiological needs, but regenerating TG is challenging. Here, an approach is reported to regenerate TG within the spleen for fully restoring the thyroid's functions in mice, by transplanting thyroid tissue blocks to the spleen. Within 48 h, the transplanted tissue efficiently revascularizes, forming thyroid follicles similar to the native gland after 4 weeks. Structurally, the ectopically generated thyroid integrates with the surrounding splenic tissue while maintaining its integrity, separate from the lymphatic tissue. Functionally, it fully restores the native functions of the TG in hormone regulation in response to physiological stimuli, outperforming the established method of oral levothyroxine therapy in maintaining systemic homeostasis. The study demonstrates the full restoration of thyroid functions post-thyroidectomy by intrasplenic TG regeneration, providing fresh insights for designing novel therapies for thyroid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Jiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen‐Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- NJU Xishan Institute of Applied BiotechnologyXishan DistrictWuxiJiangsu214101China
| | - Chun‐Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Lin‐Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Chun‐Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Jun‐Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- NJU Xishan Institute of Applied BiotechnologyXishan DistrictWuxiJiangsu214101China
- National Resource Center for Mutant MiceNanjing210023China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovative CenterNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
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4
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Li K, Lin C, Liu G, Wang G, Ma W, Li M, Li Y, Huang B. Stepless IR Chromism in Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Tuned by Interlayer Water Molecules. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308189. [PMID: 38014765 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Real-time control over infrared (IR) radiation of objects is highly desired in a variety of areas such as personal thermal regulation and IR camouflage. This requires the dynamic modulation of IR emissivity in a stepless manner over a wide range (>50%), which remains a daunting challenge. Here, an emissivity modulation phenomenon is reported in stacked 2D Ti3 C2 Tx MXene nanosheets, from 12% to 68% as the intercalation/discharging of water molecules within the interlayers. The intercalation of water molecules dynamically changes the electronic properties and the complex permittivity in IR frequencies of Ti3 C2 Tx . This emissivity modulation is a stepless and reversible process without the assistance of any external energy input. Further, intercalating cellulose nanofibers into the Ti3 C2 Tx interlayers makes this dynamic process highly repeatable. Last, a sweat-responsive adaptive textile that can improve thermal comfort of human body under changes in metabolic rates and environmental conditions is demonstrated, showing great potential of this mechanism in passive on-demand radiation modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, China
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5
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Guo LD, Wu Y, Xu X, Lin Z, Tong R. Bent π-Conjugation within a Macrocycle: Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Spirohexenolides A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316259. [PMID: 37988261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles with bent π-conjugation motif are extremely rare in nature and synthetically daunting and anticancer haouamines and spirohexenolides were representative of such rare natural products with synthetically challenging bent π-conjugation within a macrocycle. While the total synthesis of haouamines has been elegantly achieved, spirohexenolides remains an unmet synthetic challenge due to the highly strained bent 1,3,5-triene conjugation within C15 macrocycle. Inspired by the chemical synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and haouamines, herein we devise a synthetic strategy to overcome the highly strained bent 1,3,5-triene conjugation within the macrocycle and achieve the first, asymmetric total synthesis of spirohexenolides A (>20 mg) and B (>50 mg). Our synthesis features strategic design of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) macrocyclization followed by double dehydration to achieve the C15 macrocycle with the deformed nonplanar 1,3,5-triene conjugation. In addition, we have developed a new enantioselective construction of highly functionalized spirotetronate fragment (northeast moiety) through RCM and Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. Our in vitro bioassay studies reveal that both spirohexenolides are cytotoxic against a panel of human cancer cells with IC50 1.2-13.3 μM and spirohexenolide A is consistently more potent (up to 3 times) than spirohexenolide B, suggesting the importance of alcohol for their bioactivity and for medicinal chemistry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Dong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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6
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Yu L, Nakamura H. Short, Scalable Access to Pyrrovobasine. JACS Au 2023; 3:3000-3004. [PMID: 38034961 PMCID: PMC10685420 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A concise gram-scale synthesis of pyrrovobasine (1) is reported. Key transformations include a three-step decagram-scale synthesis of the tetracyclic compound, Mn-mediated direct radical cyclization, and the introduction of a naturally rare pyrraline structure. The synthesis is designed to be applicable to gram-scale synthesis using inexpensive and readily available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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7
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So MKP, Mak ASW, Chan JNL, Chu AMY. Standardized local assortativity in networks and systemic risk in financial markets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292327. [PMID: 37796858 PMCID: PMC10553260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of assortativity allows us to understand the heterogeneity of networks and the implication of network resilience. While a global measure has been predominantly used to characterize this network feature, there has been little research to suggest a local coefficient to account for the presence of local (dis)assortative patterns in diversely mixed networks. We build on existing literature and extend the concept of assortativity with the proposal of a standardized scale-independent local coefficient to observe the assortative characteristics of each entity in networks that would otherwise be smoothed out with a global measure. This coefficient provides a lens through which the granular level of details can be observed, as well as capturing possible pattern (dis)formation in dynamic networks. We demonstrate how the standardized local assortative coefficient discovers the presence of (dis)assortative hubs in static networks on a granular level, and how it tracks systemic risk in dynamic financial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike K. P. So
- Department of Information Systems, Business Statistics and Operations Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anson S. W. Mak
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacky N. L. Chan
- Department of Information Systems, Business Statistics and Operations Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda M. Y. Chu
- Department of Social Sciences and Policy Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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8
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Lin C, Ma W, Zhang Y, Law MK, Li CY, Li Y, Chen Z, Li K, Li M, Zheng J, Fu Y, Yan X, Chi C, Yang J, Li W, Yao S, Huang B. A Highly Transparent Photo-Electro-Thermal Film with Broadband Selectivity for All-Day Anti-/De-Icing. Small 2023; 19:e2301723. [PMID: 37282788 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A photo- and electro-thermal film can convert sunlight and electricity into heat to solve icing problems. Combination of them provides an efficient strategy for all-day anti-/de-icing. However, only opaque surfaces have been reported, due to the mutual exclusiveness between photon absorption and transmission. Herein, a highly transparent and scalable solution-processed photo-electro-thermal film is reported, which exhibits an ultra-broadband selective spectrum to separate the visible light from sunlight and a countertrend suppress of emission in longer wavelength. It absorbs ≈ 85% of invisible sunlight (ultraviolet and near-infrared) for light-heat conversion, meanwhile maintains luminous transmittance > 70%. The reflection of mid-infrared leads to low emissivity (0.41), which further preserves heat on the surface for anti-/de-icing purpose. This ultra-broadband selectivity enables temperature elevation > 40 °C under 1-sun illumination and the mutual support between photo-thermal and electro-thermal effects contributes to > 50% saving of electrical consumption under weak solar exposure (0.4-sun) for maintaining unfrozen surfaces at -35 °C environment. The reverberation from photo-electro-thermal and super-hydrophobic effects illustrates a lubricating removal of grown ice in short time (< 120 s). The self-cleaning ability and the durability under mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal stresses render the film stable for long-term usage in all-day anti-/de-icing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yinglun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Man-Kwan Law
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Cruz Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zengshun Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yunfei Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Futian, 518055, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
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Zhou C, Dai S, Lai S, Lin Y, Zhang X, Li N, Yu W. ECL 3.0: a sensitive peptide identification tool for cross-linking mass spectrometry data analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:351. [PMID: 37730532 PMCID: PMC10510197 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a powerful technique for detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and modeling protein structures in a high-throughput manner. In XL-MS experiments, proteins are cross-linked by a chemical reagent (namely cross-linker), fragmented, and then fed into a tandem mass spectrum (MS/MS). Cross-linkers are either cleavable or non-cleavable, and each type requires distinct data analysis tools. However, both types of cross-linkers suffer from imbalanced fragmentation efficiency, resulting in a large number of unidentifiable spectra that hinder the discovery of PPIs and protein conformations. To address this challenge, researchers have sought to improve the sensitivity of XL-MS through invention of novel cross-linking reagents, optimization of sample preparation protocols, and development of data analysis algorithms. One promising approach to developing new data analysis methods is to apply a protein feedback mechanism in the analysis. It has significantly improved the sensitivity of analysis methods in the cleavable cross-linking data. The application of the protein feedback mechanism to the analysis of non-cleavable cross-linking data is expected to have an even greater impact because the majority of XL-MS experiments currently employs non-cleavable cross-linkers. RESULTS In this study, we applied the protein feedback mechanism to the analysis of both non-cleavable and cleavable cross-linking data and observed a substantial improvement in cross-link spectrum matches (CSMs) compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, we developed a new software program, ECL 3.0, that integrates two algorithms and includes a user-friendly graphical interface to facilitate wider applications of this new program. CONCLUSIONS ECL 3.0 source code is available at https://github.com/yuweichuan/ECL-PF.git . A quick tutorial is available at https://youtu.be/PpZgbi8V2xI .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuaijian Dai
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengzhi Lai
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanqiao Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Ushio M, Sado T, Fukuchi T, Sasano S, Masuda R, Osada Y, Miya M. Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communities. eLife 2023; 12:RP85795. [PMID: 37431235 PMCID: PMC10393047 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of temperature on interaction strengths are important for understanding and forecasting how global climate change impacts marine ecosystems; however, tracking and quantifying interactions of marine fish species are practically difficult especially under field conditions, and thus, how temperature influences their interaction strengths under field conditions remains poorly understood. We herein performed quantitative fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on 550 seawater samples that were collected twice a month from 11 coastal sites for 2 years in the Boso Peninsula, Japan, and analyzed eDNA monitoring data using nonlinear time series analytical tools. We detected fish-fish interactions as information flow between eDNA time series, reconstructed interaction networks for the top 50 frequently detected species, and quantified pairwise, fluctuating interaction strengths. Although there was a large variation, water temperature influenced fish-fish interaction strengths. The impact of water temperature on interspecific interaction strengths varied among fish species, suggesting that fish species identity influences the temperature effects on interactions. For example, interaction strengths that Halichoeres tenuispinis and Microcanthus strigatus received strongly increased with water temperature, while those of Engraulis japonicus and Girella punctata decreased with water temperature. An increase in water temperature induced by global climate change may change fish interactions in a complex way, which consequently influences marine community dynamics and stability. Our research demonstrates a practical research framework to study the effects of environmental variables on interaction strengths of marine communities in nature, which would contribute to understanding and predicting natural marine ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ushio
- Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Hong Kong
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, China
| | - Testuya Sado
- Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Sachia Sasano
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, Maizuru, Japan
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Reiji Masuda
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, Maizuru, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Miya
- Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Liu Z, Navas JL, Han W, Ibarra MR, Cho Kwan JK, Yeung KL. Gel transformation as a general strategy for fabrication of highly porous multiscale MOF architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7114-7125. [PMID: 37416716 PMCID: PMC10321590 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and chemistry of metal-organic frameworks or MOFs dictate their properties and functionalities. However, their architecture and form are essential for facilitating the transport of molecules, the flow of electrons, the conduction of heat, the transmission of light, and the propagation of force, which are vital in many applications. This work explores the transformation of inorganic gels into MOFs as a general strategy to construct complex porous MOF architectures at nano, micro, and millimeter length scales. MOFs can be induced to form along three different pathways governed by gel dissolution, MOF nucleation, and crystallization kinetics. Slow gel dissolution, rapid nucleation, and moderate crystal growth result in a pseudomorphic transformation (pathway 1) that preserves the original network structure and pores, while a comparably faster crystallization displays significant localized structural changes but still preserves network interconnectivity (pathway 2). MOF exfoliates from the gel surface during rapid dissolution, thus inducing nucleation in the pore liquid leading to a dense assembly of percolated MOF particles (pathway 3). Thus, the prepared MOF 3D objects and architectures can be fabricated with superb mechanical strength (>98.7 MPa), excellent permeability (>3.4 × 10-10 m2), and large surface area (1100 m2 g-1) and mesopore volumes (1.1 cm3 g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-tech Park Shenzhen 518057 China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian Shenzhen China
| | - Javier Lopez Navas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-tech Park Shenzhen 518057 China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian Shenzhen China
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Nansha IT Park Guangzhou 511458 China
| | - Manuel Ricardo Ibarra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Laboratory of Advanced Microscopies (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Joseph Kai Cho Kwan
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-tech Park Shenzhen 518057 China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian Shenzhen China
| | - King Lun Yeung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-tech Park Shenzhen 518057 China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian Shenzhen China
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Nansha IT Park Guangzhou 511458 China
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12
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Li FX, Wang X, Lin J, Lou X, Ouyang J, Hu G, Quan Y. Selective multifunctionalization of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes via the intermediacy of boron-centered radicals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6341-6347. [PMID: 37325159 PMCID: PMC10266453 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective difunctionalization of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes with alkenes has been achieved via decatungstate and thiol synergistic catalysis. The catalytic system also allows stepwise trifunctionalization, leading to complex NHC boranes with three different functional groups which are challenging to prepare by other methods. The strong hydrogen-abstracting ability of the excited decatungstate enables the generation of boryl radicals from mono- and di-substituted boranes for realizing borane multifunctionalization. This proof-of-principle research provides a new chance for fabricating unsymmetrical boranes and developing boron-atom-economic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xinmou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiangyu Lou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Guanwen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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13
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Li M, Lin C, Li K, Ma W, Dopphoopha B, Li Y, Huang B. A UV-Reflective Organic-Inorganic Tandem Structure for Efficient and Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling in Harsh Climates. Small 2023:e2301159. [PMID: 37178354 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling shows great promise in eco-friendly space cooling due to its zero-energy consumption. For subambient cooling in hot humid subtropical/tropical climates, achieving ultrahigh solar reflectance (≥96%), durable ultraviolet (UV) resistance, and surface superhydrophobicity simultaneously is critical, which, however, is challenging for most state-of-the-art scalable polymer-based coolers. Here an organic-inorganic tandem structure is reported to address this challenge, which comprises a bottom high-refractive-index polyethersulfone (PES) cooling layer with bimodal honeycomb pores, an alumina (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticle UV reflecting layer with superhydrophobicity, and a middle UV absorption layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles, thus providing thorough protection from UV and self-cleaning capability together with outstanding cooling performance. The PES-TiO2 -Al2 O3 cooler demonstrates a record-high solar reflectance of over 0.97 and high mid-infrared emissivity of 0.92, which can maintain their optical properties intact even after equivalent 280-day UV exposure despite the UV-sensitivity of PES. This cooler achieves a subambient cooling temperature up to 3 °C at summer noontime and 5 °C at autumn noontime without solar shading or convection cover in a subtropical coastal city, Hong Kong. This tandem structure can be extended to other polymer-based designs, offering a UV-resist but reliable radiative cooling solution in hot humid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Benjamin Dopphoopha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- HKUST Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
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14
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Geng P, Chen D, Shivarudraiah SB, Chen X, Guo L, Halpert JE. Carrier Dynamics of Efficient Triplet Harvesting in AgBiS 2 /Pentacene Singlet Fission Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300177. [PMID: 36938855 PMCID: PMC10161067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process by which an organic semiconductor is able to generate two triplet excitons from a single photon. If charges from the triplets can be successfully harvested without heavy losses in energy, then this process can enable a single-junction solar cell to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit. While singlet fission processes are commonly observed in several materials, harvesting the resulting triplets is difficult and has been demonstrated with only a few transport materials. Here, transient absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate singlet fission and carrier transfer processes at the AgBiS2 /pentacene (AgBiS2 /Pc) heterojunction. The successful transfer of triplets from pentacene to AgBiS2 and the transfer of holes from AgBiS2 to pentacene is observed. Further singlet fission in pentacene by modifying the crystallinity of the pentacene layer and have fabricated the first singlet fission AgBiS2 /Pc solar cell is enhanced. Singlet fission devices exhibit higher external quantum efficiency compared with the control devices, and thus demonstrating the significant contribution of charges from the singlet fission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dezhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sunil B Shivarudraiah
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xihan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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15
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Calzado-Delgado M, Guerrero-Pérez MO, Yeung KL. Dissolvable Topical Formulations for Burst and Constant Delivery of Vitamin C. ACS Omega 2023; 8:12636-12643. [PMID: 37065060 PMCID: PMC10099438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Healthy skin has a high vitamin C concentration that protects against ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage, promotes wound healing, and lowers cancer risk. The present contribution describes two drug delivery systems for topical administration of vitamin C. The electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber carrier of vitamin C exhibits a burst release profile (66 mg/g/h followed by 6.3 mg/g/h). In comparison, a new composite PVA nanofiber-molecular capsule delivers vitamin C at a constant rate (8.2 mg/g/h) with a zeroth-order release profile for better therapeutic management. Both delivery systems protect vitamin C and afford increased heat stability. The molecular capsules of β-cyclodextrin with the vitamin C inclusion complex are immobilized on cellulose acetate and electrosprayed onto an electrospun PVA nanofiber mat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Calzado-Delgado
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University de Málaga, E29071Málaga, Spain
| | | | - King Lun Yeung
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Division
of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- HKUST
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
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16
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Ushio M, Watanabe K, Fukuda Y, Tokudome Y, Nakajima K. Computational capability of ecological dynamics. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221614. [PMID: 37090968 PMCID: PMC10113807 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological dynamics is driven by complex ecological networks. Computational capabilities of artificial networks have been exploited for machine learning purposes, yet whether an ecological network possesses a computational capability and whether/how we can use it remain unclear. Here, we developed two new computational/empirical frameworks based on reservoir computing and show that ecological dynamics can be used as a computational resource. In silico ecological reservoir computing (ERC) reconstructs ecological dynamics from empirical time series and uses simulated system responses for information processing, which can predict near future of chaotic dynamics and emulate nonlinear dynamics. The real-time ERC uses real population dynamics of a unicellular organism, Tetrahymena thermophila. The temperature of the medium is an input signal and population dynamics is used as a computational resource. Intriguingly, the real-time ecological reservoir has necessary conditions for computing (e.g. synchronized dynamics in response to the same input sequences) and can make near-future predictions of empirical time series, showing the first empirical evidence that population-level phenomenon is capable of real-time computations. Our finding that ecological dynamics possess computational capability poses new research questions for computational science and ecology: how can we efficiently use it and how is it actually used, evolved and maintained in an ecosystem?
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ushio
- Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Yomogida Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokudome
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Hu Y, Sompolinsky H. The spectrum of covariance matrices of randomly connected recurrent neuronal networks with linear dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010327. [PMID: 35862445 PMCID: PMC9345493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A key question in theoretical neuroscience is the relation between the connectivity structure and the collective dynamics of a network of neurons. Here we study the connectivity-dynamics relation as reflected in the distribution of eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the dynamic fluctuations of the neuronal activities, which is closely related to the network dynamics’ Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the associated effective dimensionality. We consider the spontaneous fluctuations around a steady state in a randomly connected recurrent network of stochastic neurons. An exact analytical expression for the covariance eigenvalue distribution in the large-network limit can be obtained using results from random matrices. The distribution has a finitely supported smooth bulk spectrum and exhibits an approximate power-law tail for coupling matrices near the critical edge. We generalize the results to include second-order connectivity motifs and discuss extensions to excitatory-inhibitory networks. The theoretical results are compared with those from finite-size networks and the effects of temporal and spatial sampling are studied. Preliminary application to whole-brain imaging data is presented. Using simple connectivity models, our work provides theoretical predictions for the covariance spectrum, a fundamental property of recurrent neuronal dynamics, that can be compared with experimental data. Here we study the distribution of eigenvalues, or spectrum, of the neuron-to-neuron covariance matrix in recurrently connected neuronal networks. The covariance spectrum is an important global feature of neuron population dynamics that requires simultaneous recordings of neurons. The spectrum is essential to the widely used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and generalizes the dimensionality measure of population dynamics. We use a simple model to emulate the complex connections between neurons, where all pairs of neurons interact linearly at a strength specified randomly and independently. We derive a closed-form expression of the covariance spectrum, revealing an interesting long tail of large eigenvalues following a power law as the connection strength increases. To incorporate connectivity features important to biological neural circuits, we generalize the result to networks with an additional low-rank connectivity component that could come from learning and networks consisting of sparsely connected excitatory and inhibitory neurons. To facilitate comparing the theoretical results to experimental data, we derive the precise modifications needed to account for the effect of limited time samples and having unobserved neurons. Preliminary applications to large-scale calcium imaging data suggest our model can well capture the high dimensional population activity of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Mathematics and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (HS)
| | - Haim Sompolinsky
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YH); (HS)
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18
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Liu B, Rocca D, Yan H, Pan D. Beyond Conformational Control: Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on Molecular Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers. JACS Au 2021; 1:2182-2187. [PMID: 34977889 PMCID: PMC8715487 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic properties of polymers is of great importance in designing highly efficient organic solar cells. Noncovalent intramolecular interactions have been often used for conformational control to enhance the planarity of polymers or molecules, which may reduce band gaps and promote charge transfer. However, it is not known if noncovalent interactions may alter the electronic properties of conjugated polymers through some mechanism other than the conformational control. Here, we studied the effects of various noncovalent interactions, including sulfur-nitrogen, sulfur-oxygen, sulfur-fluorine, oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-fluorine, and nitrogen-fluorine, on the electronic properties of polymers with planar geometry using unconstrained and constrained density functional theory. We found that the sulfur-nitrogen intramolecular interaction may reduce the band gaps of polymers and enhance the charge transfer more obviously than other noncovalent interactions. Our findings are also consistent with the experimental data. For the first time, our study shows that the sulfur-nitrogen noncovalent interaction may further affect the electronic structure of coplanar conjugated polymers, which cannot be only explained by the enhancement of molecular planarity. Our work suggests a new mechanism to manipulate the electronic properties of polymers to design high-performance small-molecule-polymer and all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dario Rocca
- Université
de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - He Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST
Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
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19
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Chow H, Sun JK, Hart RP, Cheng KK, Hung CHL, Lau T, Kwan K. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 Cell Surface Availability Regulates Fuel Metabolism in Astrocytes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2004993. [PMID: 34180138 PMCID: PMC8373092 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Early changes in astrocyte energy metabolism are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. A previous study suggested an association between a synonymous SNP (rs1012672, C→T) in LRP6 gene and LOAD; and that is indeed correlated with diminished LRP6 gene expression in the frontal cortex region. The authors show that LRP6 is a unique Wnt coreceptor on astrocytes, serving as a bimodal switch that modulates their metabolic landscapes. The Wnt-LRP6 mediated mTOR-AKT axis is essential for sustaining glucose metabolism. In its absence, Wnt switches to activate the LRP6-independent Ca2+ -PKC-NFAT axis, resulting in a transcription network that favors glutamine and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism over glucose metabolism. Exhaustion of these raw materials essential for neurotransmitter biosynthesis and recycling results in compromised synaptic, cognitive, and memory functions; priming for early changes that are frequently found in LOAD. The authors also highlight that intranasal supplementation of glutamine and BCAAs is effective in preserving neuronal integrity and brain functions, proposing a nutrient-based method for delaying cognitive and memory decline when LRP6 cell surface levels and functions are suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei‐Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Jacquelyne Ka‐Li Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Kenneth King‐Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University999077Hong Kong
| | - Clara H. L. Hung
- The University Research Facility in Life SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University999077Hong Kong
| | - Tsun‐Ming Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Kin‐Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
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20
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Wang Y, Xu W, Lai PY, Tong P. Symmetry-breaking-induced rare fluctuations in a time-delay dynamic system. Nonlinear Dyn 2021; 104:1613-1626. [PMID: 33716404 PMCID: PMC7936602 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-021-06316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the experimental and numerical findings, we study the dynamic instabilities of two coupled nonlinear delay differential equations that are used to describe the coherent oscillations between the top and bottom boundary layers in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. By introducing two sensitivity parameters for the instabilities of the top and bottom boundary layers, we find three different types of solutions, namely in-phase single-period oscillations, multi-period oscillations and chaos. The chaos solution contains rare but large amplitude fluctuations. The statistical properties of these fluctuations are consistent with those observed in the experiment for the massive eruption of thermal plumes, which causes random reversals of the large-scale circulation in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Our study thus provides new insights into the origin of rare massive eruptions and sudden changes of large-scale flow pattern that are often observed in convection systems of geophysical and astrophysical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Pik-Yin Lai
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, 320 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Penger Tong
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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21
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Qin Z, Chen C, He S, Wang Y, Tam KF, Ip NY, Qu JY. Adaptive optics two-photon endomicroscopy enables deep-brain imaging at synaptic resolution over large volumes. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/40/eabc6521. [PMID: 32998883 PMCID: PMC7527232 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical deep-brain imaging in vivo at high resolution has remained a great challenge over the decades. Two-photon endomicroscopy provides a minimally invasive approach to image buried brain structures, once it is integrated with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens embedded in the brain. However, its imaging resolution and field of view are compromised by the intrinsic aberrations of the GRIN lens. Here, we develop a two-photon endomicroscopy by adding adaptive optics based on direct wavefront sensing, which enables recovery of diffraction-limited resolution in deep-brain imaging. A new precompensation strategy plays a critical role to correct aberrations over large volumes and achieve rapid random-access multiplane imaging. We investigate the neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, a critical deep brain structure, and reveal the relationship between the somatic and dendritic activity of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Congping Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kam Fai Tam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Ammari H, Fitzpatrick B, Gontier D, Lee H, Zhang H. Sub-wavelength focusing of acoustic waves in bubbly media. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20170469. [PMID: 29290733 PMCID: PMC5746583 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate acoustic wave scattering by a large number of bubbles in a liquid at frequencies near the Minnaert resonance frequency. This bubbly media has been exploited in practice to obtain super-focusing of acoustic waves. Using layer potential techniques, we derive the scattering function for a single spherical bubble excited by an incident wave in the low frequency regime. We then propose a point scatterer approximation for N bubbles, and describe several numerical simulations based on this approximation, that demonstrate the possibility of achieving super-focusing using bubbly media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ammari
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brian Fitzpatrick
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Gontier
- CEREMADE, Université Paris-Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Hyundae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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