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Chow H, Righton O, Berry H, Bell Z, Flynn AC. A systematic review of community pharmacy interventions to improve peri- and post-menopausal health. Post Reprod Health 2024; 30:55-63. [PMID: 38185857 DOI: 10.1177/20533691231223681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular function. Symptoms include mood disorders, vaginal atrophy, hot flashes and night sweats and can emerge during a gradual transition period called perimenopause. Community pharmacies are well placed to deliver a wide range of healthcare services, including supporting and educating menopausal women; however, to date, no systematic review has assessed the effectiveness of community pharmacy-led interventions in improving peri- and post-menopausal health. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines we evaluated community pharmacy-led interventions that targeted women in peri- or post-menopause. Electronic searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were conducted on 13th February 2023. Additionally, we examined the included studies references and citation lists using Google Scholar. A total of 915 articles were identified and screened against the inclusion criteria. Two studies were included; one identified post-menopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis (OP), and one evaluated the outcomes of a community pharmacy-based menopause education programme. Study one found 11 (11%) post-menopausal women were at risk of developing OP based on quantitative ultrasound screening offered by community pharmacists and referred to their physician. Study two reported that women had access to adequate personalised menopause counselling and increased knowledge of menopause topics because of the educational programme within community pharmacies. Both studies were of low quality. The lack of included studies reflects the need for high-quality research to determine whether community pharmacy-led interventions are feasible, effective and acceptable, to improve health outcomes of peri- or post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chow
- Department of Women & Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - O Righton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Berry
- Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Z Bell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A C Flynn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Chuan A, Hatty M, Shelley M, Lan A, Chow H, Dai E, Haider S, Bogdanovych A, Chua W. Feasibility of virtual reality-delivered pain psychology therapy for cancer-related neuropathic pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:449-457. [PMID: 36734021 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality-delivered psychological therapies have recently been investigated as non-pharmacological management for acute and chronic pain. However, no virtual reality pain therapy software existed that met the needs of cancer patients with neuropathic pain. We created a bespoke virtual reality-delivered pain therapy software programme to help cancer patients manage neuropathic pain incorporating guided visualisation and progressive muscle relaxation techniques, whilst minimising the risk of cybersickness in this vulnerable patient population. This randomised controlled pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, recruitment rates and risk of cybersickness of this pain therapy software programme. Clinical outcomes including opioid consumption, pain severity, pain interference and global quality of life scores were secondary aims. Of 87 eligible cancer patients with neuropathic pain, 39 were recruited (47%), allocated to either the intervention (20 patients, virtual reality pain therapy software programme) or control (19 patients, viewing virtual reality videos). Four patients withdrew before the 3-month follow-up (all in the control group). Pre-existing dizziness (Spearman ρ 0.37, p = 0.02) and pre-existing nausea (Spearman ρ 0.81, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with risk of cybersickness in both groups. Patients in the intervention group reported less cybersickness, as well as tolerated and completed all therapy sessions. At 1- and 3-month follow-up, there were trends in the intervention group towards reductions in: oral morphine equivalent daily dose opioid consumption (-8 mg and -4 mg; vs. control: 0 mg and +15 mg respectively); modified Brief Pain Inventory pain severity (-0.4, -0.8; vs. control +0.4, -0.3); and pain interference (-0.9, -1.8; vs. control -0.2, -0.3) scores. The global quality of life subscale from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 was not significantly changed between groups at 1 and 3 months (intervention: -5, -8; vs. control: +3, +4). This newly created virtual reality-delivered pain therapy software programme was shown to be feasible and acceptable to cancer patients with neuropathic pain. These results will aid the design of a definitive multicentre randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chuan
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Hatty
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Mind Room, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Shelley
- Northern Integrated Pain Management, Newcastle, Australia
| | - A Lan
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Chow
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - E Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Haider
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Bogdanovych
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - W Chua
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Chow H, Sun JK, Hart RP, Cheng KK, Hung CHL, Lau T, Kwan K. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 Cell Surface Availability Regulates Fuel Metabolism in Astrocytes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2004993. [PMID: 34180138 PMCID: PMC8373092 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Early changes in astrocyte energy metabolism are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. A previous study suggested an association between a synonymous SNP (rs1012672, C→T) in LRP6 gene and LOAD; and that is indeed correlated with diminished LRP6 gene expression in the frontal cortex region. The authors show that LRP6 is a unique Wnt coreceptor on astrocytes, serving as a bimodal switch that modulates their metabolic landscapes. The Wnt-LRP6 mediated mTOR-AKT axis is essential for sustaining glucose metabolism. In its absence, Wnt switches to activate the LRP6-independent Ca2+ -PKC-NFAT axis, resulting in a transcription network that favors glutamine and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism over glucose metabolism. Exhaustion of these raw materials essential for neurotransmitter biosynthesis and recycling results in compromised synaptic, cognitive, and memory functions; priming for early changes that are frequently found in LOAD. The authors also highlight that intranasal supplementation of glutamine and BCAAs is effective in preserving neuronal integrity and brain functions, proposing a nutrient-based method for delaying cognitive and memory decline when LRP6 cell surface levels and functions are suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei‐Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Jacquelyne Ka‐Li Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Kenneth King‐Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University999077Hong Kong
| | - Clara H. L. Hung
- The University Research Facility in Life SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University999077Hong Kong
| | - Tsun‐Ming Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
| | - Kin‐Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong
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Chow H, Herrup K. Liraglutide treatment sustains neuronal glycolysis and prevents hyperinsulinemia‐induced neuronal senescence. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.044992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hei‐Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States
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Spence T, Stickle N, Yu C, Chow H, Feilotter H, Lo B, McCready E, Sadikovic B, Siu LL, Bedard PL, Stockley TL. Inter-laboratory proficiency testing scheme for tumour next-generation sequencing in Ontario: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:e717-e732. [PMID: 31896942 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A pilot inter-laboratory proficiency scheme for 5 Ontario clinical laboratories testing tumour samples for the Ontario-wide Cancer Targeted Nucleic Acid Evaluation (octane) study was undertaken to assess proficiency in the identification and reporting of next-generation sequencing (ngs) test results in solid tumour testing from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissue. Methods One laboratory served as the reference centre and provided samples to 4 participating laboratories. An analyte-based approach was applied: each participating laboratory received 10 ffpe tissue specimens profiled at the reference centre, with tumour site and histology provided. Laboratories performed testing per their standard ngs tumour test protocols. Items returned for assessment included genes and variants that would be typically reported in routine clinical testing and variant call format (vcf) files to allow for assessment of ngs technical quality. Results Two main aspects were assessed:■ Technical quality and accuracy of identification of exonic variants■ Site-specific reporting practicesTechnical assessment included evaluation of exonic variant identification, quality assessment of the vcf files to evaluate base calling, variant allele frequency, and depth of coverage for all exonic variants. Concordance at 100% was observed from all sites in the technical identification of 98 exonic variants across the 10 cases. Variability between laboratories in the choice of variants considered clinically reportable was significant. Of the 38 variants reported as clinically relevant by at least 1 site, only 3 variants were concordantly reported by all participating centres as clinically relevant. Conclusions Although excellent technical concordance for ngs tumour profiling was observed across participating institutions, differences in the reporting of clinically relevant variants were observed, highlighting reporting as a gap where consensus on the part of Ontario laboratories is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Spence
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - N Stickle
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - C Yu
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - H Chow
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - H Feilotter
- Kingston, ON: Molecular Diagnostics, Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Feilotter); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University (Feilotter)
| | - B Lo
- Ottawa, ON: Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Laboratory, The Ottawa Hospital (Lo); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa (Lo)
| | - E McCready
- Hamilton, ON: Hamilton Health Sciences and St. Joseph's Healthcare (McCready); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University (McCready)
| | - B Sadikovic
- London, ON: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Program, London Health Sciences Centre (Sadikovic); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University (Sadikovic)
| | - L L Siu
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - P L Bedard
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
| | - T L Stockley
- Toronto, ON: Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Spence, Stockley); Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Stickle); Cancer Genomics Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Yu, Chow, Siu); Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (Siu, Bedard); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto (Siu, Bedard); Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network (Stockley); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (Stockley)
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Araujo D, Wang A, Torti D, Huang J, Leon A, Marsh K, McCarthy A, Berman H, Spreafico A, Hansen A, Razak A, Bedard P, Wang L, Plackmann E, Chow H, Bao H, Wu X, Pugh T, Siu L. Blood-based TMB (bTMB) correlates with tissue-based TMB (tTMB) in a multi-cancer phase I IO cohort. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gandara D, Herbst R, Mok T, Ramalingam S, Obholz K, Quill T, Chow H, Scagliotti G. MA 07.14 Change in Practice Patterns from an Online NSCLC Treatment Decision Support Tool. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prawira A, Stundzia A, Dufort P, Halankar J, Paravasthu D, Spreafico A, Hansen A, Abdul Razak A, Bedard P, Butler M, Lheureux S, Oza A, Jang R, Suta K, Boross-Harmer S, Cipollone J, Chow H, Metser U, Siu L. Evaluation of a predictive radiomics signature for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx363.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Stjepanovic N, Kim RH, Wilson M, Mandilaras V, Berman H, Amir E, Cescon D, Elser C, Randall Armel S, McCuaig J, Volenik A, Demsky R, Chow H, Misyura M, Wang L, Oza AM, Kamel-Reid S, Stockley T, Bedard PL. Abstract P3-09-05: Clinical outcome of patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer with germline and somatic variants in homologous recombination gene. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-09-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Variants in homologous recombination (HR) genes other than BRCA1/2 may cause a BRCA-like phenotype triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which includes the sensitivity to platinums and DNA repair inhibitors. Evaluation of HR proficiency may influence the clinical management of TNBC. Our aim was to evaluate germline and somatic HR gene variants in advanced TNBC patients (pts) and clinical outcome.
Methods: Our cohort included advanced TNBC pts unselected for family history or age at diagnosis, enrolled in an institutional molecular screening program (NCT01505400). DNA from matched blood and FFPE tumor samples was assessed using a lab developed next generation sequencing Hereditary Cancer Panel (NGS-HCP) that includes all exons of 52 cancer predisposition genes, with 20 HR genes (Illumina MiSeq/NextSeq, germline coverage 100x, somatic coverage 500x). Medical records were reviewed for clinical outcome, pathology and prior germline BRCA1/2 testing results. All pts consented for research on banked samples and return of pathogenic germline variants was optional. Log rank test was used to determine time from surgery with curative intent to relapse (TTR) and overall survival from diagnosis to death (OS) differences based on presence of HR variants.
Results: We included 32 pts who consented for return of pathogenic germline variants and had sufficient DNA for NGS-HCP analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years (range 21-80). Initial stages at diagnosis were: I (12.5%), II (62.5%), III (19%) and IV (6%). Germline HR variants were detected in 17 pts (53%) with a median number of variants per patient of 1 (range 0-6). Five pts had likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in HR genes: BRCA1 (2), BRCA2 (1) FANCC (1) and FANCC + BML (1). Another patient had a BRCA1 pathogenic variant previously detected by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification but was not detected by NGS-HCP. 26 variants of unknown significance (VUS) were identified in 13 HR genes, including FANCA (6), FANCF (3) and BRCA1 (3). Only one patient had a somatic HR variant in FANCA not found in the germline. 30 pts (94%) had somatic TP53 variants. Sporadic somatic BRCA1/2 variants were not seen. BRCA1/2 variants present in the tumor were equivalent to those detected in blood of BRCA1/2 carriers. Median (m) TTR was 17 months (range 1-119) and mOS was 49 months (range 8-123). Presence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic germline variants was not associated with TTR (p=0.78) and OS (p=0.23). Presence of germline VUS, likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants also did not correlate with TTR (p=0.72) and OS (p=0.47)
Conclusions: In our cohort of pts with advanced TNBC, 12% had germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2, similar to the previously reported rate in early stage TNBC pts. Prevalence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in non-BRCA HR genes was 6%. The presence of germline variants in HR genes was not associated with clinical outcome, however, the number of patients included was small and we had limited power to detect survival differences.Background: Variants in homologous recombination (HR) genes other than BRCA1/2 may cause a BRCA-like phenotype triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which includes the sensitivity to platinums and DNA repair inhibitors. Evaluation of HR proficiency may influence the clinical management of TNBC. Our aim was to evaluate germline and somatic HR gene variants in advanced TNBC patients (pts) and clinical outcome.
Methods: Our cohort included advanced TNBC pts unselected for family history or age at diagnosis, enrolled in an institutional molecular screening program (NCT01505400). DNA from matched blood and FFPE tumor samples was assessed using a lab developed next generation sequencing Hereditary Cancer Panel (NGS-HCP) that includes all exons of 52 cancer predisposition genes, with 20 HR genes (Illumina MiSeq/NextSeq, germline coverage 100x, somatic coverage 500x). Medical records were reviewed for clinical outcome, pathology and prior germline BRCA1/2 testing results. All pts consented for research on banked samples and return of pathogenic germline variants was optional. Log rank test was used to determine time from surgery with curative intent to relapse (TTR) and overall survival from diagnosis to death (OS) differences based on presence of HR variants.
Results: We included 32 pts who consented for return of pathogenic germline variants and had sufficient DNA for NGS-HCP analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years (range 21-80). Initial stages at diagnosis were: I (12.5%), II (62.5%), III (19%) and IV (6%). Germline HR variants were detected in 17 pts (53%) with a median number of variants per patient of 1 (range 0-6). Five pts had likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in HR genes: BRCA1 (2), BRCA2 (1) FANCC (1) and FANCC + BML (1). Another patient had a BRCA1 pathogenic variant previously detected by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification but was not detected by NGS-HCP. 26 variants of unknown significance (VUS) were identified in 13 HR genes, including FANCA (6), FANCF (3) and BRCA1 (3). Only one patient had a somatic HR variant in FANCA not found in the germline. 30 pts (94%) had somatic TP53 variants. Sporadic somatic BRCA1/2 variants were not seen. BRCA1/2 variants present in the tumor were equivalent to those detected in blood of BRCA1/2 carriers. Median (m) TTR was 17 months (range 1-119) and mOS was 49 months (range 8-123). Presence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic germline variants was not associated with TTR (p=0.78) and OS (p=0.23). Presence of germline VUS, likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants also did not correlate with TTR (p=0.72) and OS (p=0.47)
Conclusions: In our cohort of pts with advanced TNBC, 12% had germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2, similar to the previously reported rate in early stage TNBC pts. Prevalence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in non-BRCA HR genes was 6%. The presence of germline variants in HR genes was not associated with clinical outcome, however, the number of patients included was small and we had limited power to detect survival differences.
Citation Format: Stjepanovic N, Kim RH, Wilson M, Mandilaras V, Berman H, Amir E, Cescon D, Elser C, Randall Armel S, McCuaig J, Volenik A, Demsky R, Chow H, Misyura M, Wang L, Oza AM, Kamel-Reid S, Stockley T, Bedard PL. Clinical outcome of patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer with germline and somatic variants in homologous recombination gene [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stjepanovic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - RH Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Mandilaras
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Amir
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Elser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - J McCuaig
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Volenik
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Demsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Chow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Misyura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - AM Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Kamel-Reid
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Stockley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - PL Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rheaume M, Wang L, Brookes E, Chow H, Spreafico A, Hansen A, Rasak A, Siu L, Bedard P. Retrospective review of new phase I clinic referrals and enrolment in the molecular screening era. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw368.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Stjepanovic N, Wilson M, Mandilaras V, Clarke B, Berman H, Kim R, Lheureux S, Armel SR, McCuaig J, Volenik A, Demsky R, Chow H, Mysura M, Siu L, Bedard P, Kamel-Reid S, Stockley T, Oza A. Germline and somatic multi-gene sequencing in patients (pts) with advanced high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lebrec H, Hock MB, Sundsmo JS, Mytych DT, Chow H, Carlock LL, Joubert MK, Reindel J, Zhou L, Bussiere JL. T-cell-dependent antibody responses in the rat: Forms and sources of keyhole limpet hemocyanin matter. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:213-21. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.822948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lim CH, Chow H, Ong W, Tao M, Ng HJ. Comparison of neurotoxicity between fractionated ICE and infusional ICE for relapsed/refractory lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - H. Chow
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - W. Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - M. Tao
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - H. J. Ng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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Chow H, Lim CH, Ong W, Ng HJ. Incidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in lymphoma patients receiving fractionated ICE-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Chow
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - C. H. Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - W. Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - H. J. Ng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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16
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Hwang WYK, Koh LP, Ng HJ, Tan PHC, Chuah CTH, Fook SC, Chow H, Tan KW, Wong C, Tan CH, Goh YT. A randomized trial of amifostine as a cytoprotectant for patients receiving myeloablative therapy for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34:51-6. [PMID: 15208650 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We initiated a randomized study of amifostine (the organic thiophosphate formerly known as WR-2721) given to patients during myeloablative conditioning therapy for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Amifostine was given at a dose of 1000 mg/day of conditioning and was well tolerated if attention was given to serum calcium levels, blood pressure and antiemetics. Since August 1998, 60 patients (30 on each arm) have completed the study. There was no significant difference in the days to neutrophil or platelet engraftment in either arm of the study. Significantly, the duration of grade I-IV mucositis was decreased in the group that received amifostine (P=0.02). Also grade III or IV infections (P=0.008), duration of antibiotic therapy (P=0.03) and duration of fever (P=0.04) were significantly reduced with amifostine. However, there were no differences in the incidence of grade III or IV mucositis, liver toxicity or renal toxicity. There were also no differences in early mortality, relapse and long-term survival. We conclude that amifostine, while reducing the duration of mucositis and infections (possibly through some preservation of gut mucosal integrity), has a modest effect in allogeneic bone marrow transplants given the multiplicity of factors influencing organ toxicity and survival in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y K Hwang
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Abstract
Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate a region of the PheP protein corresponding to the postulated consensus amphipathic region (CAR) in the GabP protein. Whereas some critical residues are conserved in both proteins, there are major differences between the two proteins which may reflect different functions for this region. Replacement of R317, Y313, or P341 by a number of other amino acids destroyed the PheP function. An R317E-E234R double mutant exhibited low levels of PheP transport activity, indicating that there is a possible interaction between these two residues in the wild-type protein. E234 is highly conserved in members of the superfamily of amino acid-polyamine-organocation transporters and also is critical for PheP function in the wild-type protein. Second-site suppressors were isolated for mutants with mutations in E234, Y313, R317, and P341. Most suppressor mutations were found to cluster towards the extracellular face of spans III, IX, and X. Some mutations, such as changes at M116, were able to suppress each of the primary changes at positions E234, Y313, R317, and P341 but were unable to restore function to a number of other primary mutants. The possible implications of these results for the tertiary structure of the protein are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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18
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Weber TJ, Green JB, Chow H, Spitz A, Wagner GS. How bone density testing influenced osteoporosis treatment in a community hospital. N C Med J 2000; 61:321-4. [PMID: 11103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Weber
- Department of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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19
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Murphy EJ, Davern TJ, Shakil AO, Shick L, Masharani U, Chow H, Freise C, Lee WM, Bass NM. Troglitazone-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:549-53. [PMID: 10749332 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005405526283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The three reported cases demonstrate that troglitazone is an idiosyncratic hepatotoxin that can lead to irreversible liver injury. Thus, troglitazone should be prescribed with caution and should not be used as a first-line agent in the treatment of type II DM when potentially less toxic alternatives are available. It remains to be seen whether the hepatotoxicity associated with troglitazone is a drug-class effect or specific to troglitazone. Other thiazolidinediones currently in clinical trials may be able to provide the therapeutic benefits of troglitazone without significant hepatotoxicity. If troglitazone is used, frequent monitoring of serum aminotransferases and symptoms is mandatory. However, as illustrated by these and other cases reported to date, the onset of troglitazone-induced liver injury is insidious and temporally variable. Thus, the value of close monitoring and when, if ever, it is safe to stop such monitoring are currently unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0538, USA
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20
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Staecker H, Chow H, Nadol JB. Osteomyelitis, lateral sinus thrombosis, and temporal lobe infarction caused by infection of a percutaneous cochlear implant. Am J Otol 1999; 20:726-8. [PMID: 10565715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cochlear implantation has become a routine operation in the last 10 years. The most common soft tissue complications with transcutaneous cochlear implants include infection or necrosis of the flap and extrusion of the implant and device failure. The most common complication reported with percutaneous devices include minor skin irritations at the pedestal site, retraction of skin from the pedestal site, and loosening of screws that retain the pedestal. We describe one case of lateral sinus thrombosis and secondary temporal lobe infarction caused by infection of a screw anchoring the percutaneous pedestal of an Ineraid implant. STUDY DESIGN Case report. SETTING Tertiary referral center. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial complications of a percutaneous bone-anchored pedestal may occur with little prodrome. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the pedestal and bone anchoring screws may be indicated if local evidence of infection persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Staecker
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA
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21
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Klucher KM, Chow H, Reiser L, Fischer RL. The AINTEGUMENTA gene of Arabidopsis required for ovule and female gametophyte development is related to the floral homeotic gene APETALA2. Plant Cell 1996; 8:137-53. [PMID: 8742706 PMCID: PMC161087 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.8.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovules play a central role in plant reproduction, generating the female gametophyte within sporophytic integuments. When fertilized, the integuments differentiate into the seed coat and support the development of the embryo and endosperm. Mutations in the AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) locus of Arabidopsis have a profound effect on ovule development. Strong ant mutants have ovules that fail to form integuments or a female gametophyte. Flower development is also altered, with a random reduction of organs in the outer three whorls. In addition, organs present in the outer three floral whorls often have abnormal morphology. Ovules from a weak ant mutant contain both inner and outer integuments but generally fail to produce a functional female gametophyte. We isolated the ANT gene by using a mutation derived by T-DNA insertional mutagenesis. ANT is a member of a gene family that includes the floral homeotic gene APETALA2 (AP2). Like AP2, ANT contains two AP2 domains homologous with the DNA binding domain of ethylene response element binding proteins. ANT is expressed most highly in developing flowers but is also expressed in vegetative tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that ANT is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating ovule and female gametophyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Klucher
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Berkeley 94720, USA
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22
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Kuhel WI, Chow H, Godwin TA, Minick CR, Libby DM. Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels correlating with disease recurrence in a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 1995; 17:431-6. [PMID: 8522446 DOI: 10.1002/hed.2880170514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein involved in cell recognition and adhesion. Serum CEA has been extensively studied as a potential chemical marker for malignancy, most notably in patients with colon carcinoma. Serum CEA measurements have not been reported for patients with salivary gland carcinomas. METHODS Serum CEA was measured in a case study using enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody specific for CEA. Tissue was examined with standard histologic and immunohistologic methods. RESULTS A patient was initially seen with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the trachea and had a markedly elevated serum CEA level which declined after surgical resection. The serum CEA level became elevated again when the patient developed abdominal metastases and then declined after debulking of the tumor. Immunohistochemical study of the tumor was positive for CEA. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of serum CEA levels may play a role in the management of patients with ACC. Clinical investigation utilizing monoclonal antibodies against CEA, for imaging and for the delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Kuhel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA
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23
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Chow H, Chen H, Ng T, Myrdal P, Yalkowsky SH. Using backpropagation networks for the estimation of aqueous activity coefficients of aromatic organic compounds. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 1995; 35:723-8. [PMID: 7657730 DOI: 10.1021/ci00026a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the applicability of using a neural network approach to the estimation of aqueous activity coefficients of aromatic organic compounds from fragmented structural information. A set of 95 compounds was used to train the neural network, and the trained network was tested on a set of 31 compounds. A comparison was made between the results and those obtained using multiple linear regression analysis. With the proper selection of neural network parameters, the backpropagation network provided a more accurate prediction of the aqueous activity coefficients for testing data than did regression analysis. This research indicates that neural networks have the potential to become a useful analytical technique for quantitative prediction of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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24
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Abstract
One source of uncertainty in doses computed for intracavitary gynecological applications is the imprecision inherent in localizing the sources and the points of interest on radiographs of the implant and in transferring that data into the treatment planning computer. To quantify the effect of these activities on the accuracy of computed doses, five physicists and two dosimetrists performed computerized dose calculations on five applications chosen randomly from our patient files. For each of these applications, doses were computed at the traditional points A and B and at points in the bladder and rectum. Using identical sets of films, each planner located both the radioactive sources and points of interest, or only the sources, or only the points of interest. Another set of films was used to measure the accuracy of digitizing alone. Planners received no instructions on either the definition or the placement of the points of interest. Overall uncertainties in computed doses to points A and B and bladder were found to be about 7%. Uncertainty in dose to the rectum was on the order of 50%. Analysis of the results showed that about 1% of the error was due to digitization and about 2% to identification of source locations. Among the individual planners, almost all of the dose variation was from differences in placement of the points of interest on the implant radiographs. The results demonstrate the need for standard definitions and locations for points of calculation so that meaningful comparisons can be made among institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chow
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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25
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O'Neill GP, Schön A, Chow H, Chen MW, Kim YC, Söll D. Sequence of tRNA(Glu) and its genes from the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:5893. [PMID: 2216788 PMCID: PMC332342 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.19.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G P O'Neill
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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26
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Tam F, Chow H, Prindiville T, Cornish D, Haulk T, Trudeau W, Hoeprich P. Bacterial peritonitis following esophageal injection sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 1990; 36:131-3. [PMID: 2335278 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients presenting with ascites and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were studied prospectively. Five patients presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage were found not to have pre-existing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis on initial paracentesis. However, three of these five developed findings compatible with bacterial peritonitis after sclerotherapy. Although the number of cases is small, our results support the monitoring of ascitic fluid after sclerotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817
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27
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Loyd M, Chow H, Laxton J, Rosen I, Lane R. Dose Delivery Error Detection by a Computer-Controlled Linear Accelerator. Med Dosim 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-3947(89)90187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Abstract
A commercial dual photon energy, computer-controlled linear accelerator has a complex collimation and beam delivery system. For accurate dose delivery, six separate motorized elements must be properly positioned for a given beam selection. Experimentally instituted misalignments of the primary electron scattering foils, the primary collimator, the flattening filter, the scattering foil carousel, and the backscatter shield or shutter produced significant dose delivery errors. The ability of the Mylar window monitor chamber to detect these errors was examined for x-ray beams. The fault detection system failed to interrupt dose delivery in a number of situations where the error in dose per monitor unit delivered ranged from -6% to +270% of the calibrated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loyd
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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29
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Nano D, Prindiville T, Pauly M, Chow H, Ross K, Trudeau W. Colonoscopic therapy of acute pseudoobstruction of the colon. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82:145-8. [PMID: 3812419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All patients with the diagnosis of acute colonic pseudoobstruction at the University of California, Davis Medical Center from 1979-1985 were reviewed. These 25 patients were initially treated conservatively (nasogastric tube/rectal tube/enemas) and this was successful in eight of 25 patients (32%). The remaining 17 patients (68%) unresponsive to conservative therapy received endoscopic intervention, either colonoscopic suction decompression (CSD) or colonic suction decompression with proximal colonic tube placement (CDT) for continuous decompression. Of the endoscopic procedures performed, 13/17 (76%) resulted in successful acute decompression. Recurrences occurred in 6/13 (45%) (3/7 in the colonoscopic suction decompression group and three of six in the colonic tube placement group). In the 10 failures, six further procedures were attempted, but only one was successful. These patients were then treated conservatively. There were no instances of colonic perforation. Acute pseudoobstruction in our experience is a benign entity that can be safely and successfully treated nonsurgically. Colonoscopic suction decompression is often initially successful but has a high frequency of recurrence. Newer techniques to prevent recurrence, i.e., colonic tube placement, are of potential benefit but presently have technical problems.
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30
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Chow H, Gump BH. Phosphorus in wine: comparison of atomic absorption spectrometry methods. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1987; 70:61-3. [PMID: 3558277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in wine may be determined directly or indirectly by atomic absorption spectrometry. The direct method uses the carbon rod atomizer as the excitation source and a phosphorus hollow cathode lamp. In the indirect determination, one measures the amount of molybdenum that will complex with phosphorus in the wine. Both nitrous oxide-acetylene and air-acetylene flames are suitable as atomization sources in this indirect method. The resultant data have been compared with those from the AOAC colorimetric method (11.032-11.034). A 2-sample comparison test showed the results to be insignificantly different at the 95% confidence limits.
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31
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Kulkarni SS, Leventon GS, Huynh L, Chow H, Dicke KA, Zander AR. Effect of pretreatment with cyclophosphamide on high-dose toxicity of melphalan in mice. Cancer Res 1985; 45:5431-5. [PMID: 3902211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pretreatment (or priming) with cyclophosphamide (CY) on lethal toxicity of high-dose melphalan (MELPH) in mice. In C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 (hereafter called B6D2F1) mice given an injection of a single dose of CY, 50 mg/kg, 1-5 days before MELPH, 20 mg/kg, improved survival was noted in only one of five experiments. Reducing the challenge dose of MELPH to 17 mg/kg did not improve survival consistently. Priming with CY, 50 mg/kg, 3 days before a dose of MELPH, 20 mg/kg, did not improve survival in CBA/J or C57BL/6 mice. These results indicate that CY is an inconsistent priming agent for abrogating high-dose MELPH toxicity in mice. A slightly earlier recovery of regenerating hemopoietic and of jejunal crypt cells was noted in CY-primed B6D2F1 mice given injections of a low dose of MELPH, 15 mg/kg. The occasional improved animal survival noted in CY-primed B6D2F1 mice might be related to this earlier cell recovery.
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32
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Caple MB, Chow H, Strouse CE. Photosynthetic pigments of green sulfur bacteria. The esterifying alcohols of bacteriochlorophylls c from Chlorobium limicola. J Biol Chem 1978; 253:6730-7. [PMID: 690124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll c, the light-harvesting pigment from the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium limicola, has been resolved into over a dozen chemically similar components by a new high pressure reversed-phase chromatographic procedure based on a stationary phase of polyethylene power. Detailed spectroscopic characterization of the resolved components has resulted in the identification of four different chlorins and six different esterifying alcohols. The major esterifying alcohol is trans, trans-farnesol, but smaller amounts of geranylgeraniol, tetrahydrogeranylgeraniol, phytol, cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol and 4-undecyl-2-furanmethanol are also observed. The high information content intrinsic in the compositional analyses of the complex pigment mixtures found in green sulfur bacteria appears to provide a new probe of the mechanisms of pigment biosynthesis in these organisms.
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33
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Caple M, Chow H, Strouse C. Photosynthetic pigments of green sulfur bacteria. The esterifying alcohols of bacteriochlorophylls c from Chlorobium limicola. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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