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Arango-Daza JC, Lluna-Galán C, Izquierdo-Aranda L, Cabrero-Antonino JR, Adam R. Heterogeneous Pd-Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Imidazolones via Dehydrogenative Condensation between Ureas and 1,2-Diols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Arango-Daza
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Carles Lluna-Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo-Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Jose R. Cabrero-Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
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2
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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3
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Abstract
At the advent of cross-coupling chemistry, carbon electrophiles based on halides or pseudohalides were the only suitable electrophilic coupling partners. Almost two decades passed before the first cross-coupling reaction of heteroatom-based electrophiles was reported. Early work by Murai and Tanaka initiated investigations into silicon electrophiles. Narasaka and Johnson pioneered the way in the use of nitrogen electrophiles, while Suginome began the exploration of boron electrophiles. The chemistry reviewed within provides perspective on the use of heteroatomic electrophiles, specifically silicon-, nitrogen-, boron-, oxygen-, and phosphorus-based electrophiles in transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling. For the purposes of this review, a loose definition of cross-coupling is utilized; all reactions minimally proceed via an oxidative addition event. Although not cross-coupling in a traditional sense, we have also included catalyzed reactions that join a heteroatomic electrophile with an in situ generated nucleophile. However, for brevity, those involving hydroamination or C-H activation as a key step are largely excluded. This work includes primary references published up to and including October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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4
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Casnati A, Perrone A, Mazzeo PP, Bacchi A, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Maggi R, Maestri G, Motti E, Stirling A, Ca' ND. Synthesis of Imidazolidin-2-ones and Imidazol-2-ones via Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation of Propargylic Ureas under Ambient Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3477-3490. [PMID: 30788963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first organo-catalyzed synthesis of imidazolidin-2-ones and imidazol-2-ones via intramolecular hydroamidation of propargylic ureas is reported. The phosphazene base BEMP turned out to be the most active organo-catalyst compared with guanidine and amidine bases. Excellent chemo- and regioselectivities to five-membered cyclic ureas have been achieved under ambient conditions, with a wide substrate scope and exceptionally short reaction times (down to 1 min). A base-mediated isomerization step to an allenamide intermediate is the most feasible reaction pathway to give imidazol-2-ones, as suggested by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Antonio Perrone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Paolo P Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy.,Biopharmanet-tec , Parco delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy.,Biopharmanet-tec , Parco delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza , Italy
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza , Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Elena Motti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - András Stirling
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
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5
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D. Lubell W, Poupart J, Doan ND, Bérubé D, Hamdane Y, Medena C. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of N-Aminoimidazol-2-ones towards Synthesis of Constrained Phenylalanine Dipeptide Mimics. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Visible light-promoted metal-free aerobic oxyphosphorylation of olefins: A facile approach to β-ketophosphine oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Reductive coupling of hydantoins with benzophenones by low-valent titanium: Synthesis of 4-substituted 1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ones and unusual two-to-two coupled products. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Song J, Zhang ZJ, Chen SS, Fan T, Gong LZ. Lewis Base/Copper Cooperatively Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Amination of Esters with Diaziridinone. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3177-3180. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Marchegiani M, Nodari M, Tansini F, Massera C, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Costa M, Della Ca’ N. Urea derivatives from carbon dioxide and amines by guanidine catalysis: Easy access to imidazolidin-2-ones under solvent-free conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Shen K, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Aminoazidation as a Rapid Entry to 1,2-Diamines and Installation of an Azide Reporter onto Azahetereocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13110-13116. [PMID: 28825822 PMCID: PMC5685496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed aminoazidation of unactivated alkenes is achieved for the synthesis of versatile unsymmetrical 1,2-diamine derivatives. This transformation offers an effective approach to installing an amide and an azide from two diffenent amino precursors onto both terminal and internal alkenes, with remarkable regio- and stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies show that this diamination reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic amino cyclization followed by an intermolecular C-N bond formation using electrophilic azidoiodinane. This pathway differs from previous azidoiodinane-initiated alkene functionalization, suggesting new reactivity of azidoiodinane. Furthermore, this aminoazidation reaction provides an efficient strategy to introduce azide, one of the most useful chemical reporters, onto a broad range of bioactive azaheterocycles, offering new opportunities in bioorthogonal chemistry and biological studies. Rapid syntheses of 5-HT2C agonist, (-)-enduracididine and azido-cholesterol derivatives demonstrate broad applications of this method in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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11
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Guo W, Li C, Liao J, Ji F, Liu D, Wu W, Jiang H. Transition Metal Free Intermolecular Direct Oxidative C–N Bond Formation to Polysubstituted Pyrimidines Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5538-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key
Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Singh TP, Shunmugam R. PCl3-mediated synthesis of green/cyan fluorescent protein chromophores using amino acids. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of green and cyan fluorescent protein chromophores from l-tyrosine and l-tryptophan using PCl3 has been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thokchom Prasanta Singh
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- India
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13
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Zhu Y, Cornwall RG, Du H, Zhao B, Shi Y. Catalytic diamination of olefins via N-N bond activation. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3665-78. [PMID: 25402963 PMCID: PMC4270412 DOI: 10.1021/ar500344t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Vicinal diamines are important structural motifs present in various
biologically and chemically significant molecules. Direct diamination
of olefins provides an effective approach to this class of compounds.
Unlike well-established oxidation processes such as epoxidation, dihydroxylation,
and aminohydroxylation, direct diamination of olefins had remained
a long-standing challenge and had been less well developed. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on Pd(0)- and
Cu(I)-catalyzed diaminations of olefins using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone and its related analogues as nitrogen sources
via N–N bond activation. A wide variety of imidazolidinones,
cyclic sulfamides, indolines, imidazolinones, and cyclic guanidines
can be obtained from conjugated dienes and terminal olefins. For conjugated
dienes, the diamination proceeds regioselectively at the internal
double bond with the Pd(0) catalyst. Mechanistic studies show that
the diamination likely involves a four-membered Pd(II) species resulting
from the insertion of Pd(0) into the N–N bond of di-tert-butyldiaziridinone. Interestingly, the Cu(I)-catalyzed
process occurs regioselectively at either the terminal or internal
double bond depending on the reaction conditions via two mechanistically
distinct pathways. The Cu(I) catalyst cleaves the N–N bond
of di-tert-butyldiaziridinone to form a Cu(II) nitrogen
radical and a four-membered Cu(III) species, which are likely in rapid
equilibrium. The Cu(II) nitrogen radical and the four-membered Cu(III)
species lead to the terminal and internal diamination, respectively. Terminal olefins are effectively C–H diaminated at the allylic
and homoallylic carbons with Pd(0) as catalyst and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen source, likely involving a diene
intermediate generated in situ from the terminal olefin via formation
of a π-allyl Pd complex and subsequent β-hydride elimination.
When di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide is
used as nitrogen source, cyclic sulfamides are installed at the terminal
carbons via a dehydrogenative diamination process. When α-methylstyrenes
(lacking homoallylic hydrogens) react with Pd(0) and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone, spirocyclic indolines are formed with generation
of four C–N bonds and one spiro quaternary carbon via allylic
and aromatic C–H amination. With Cu(I) catalysts, various
terminal olefins can be effectively
diaminated at the double bonds using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone,
di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide, and 1,2-di-tert-butyl-3-(cyanimino)-diaziridine as nitrogen sources,
giving a variety of imidazolidinones, cyclic sulfamides, and cyclic
guanidines in good yields, respectively. In the case of monosubstituted
olefins using di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen
source, the resulting diamination products (imidazolidinones) are
readily dehydrogenated under the reaction conditions, leading to the
corresponding imidazolinones in good yields. Esters can also be diaminated
to form the corresponding hydantoins with di-tert-butyldiaziridinone in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst. A radical
mechanism is likely to be operating in these Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction
processes. Asymmetric processes have also been developed for
the Pd(0)- and
Cu(I)-catalyzed diamination reactions. Biologically active compounds
such as (+)-CP-99,994 and Sch 425078 have been synthesized via the
diamination processes. The diamination reactions described herein
provide efficient methods to access a wide variety of vicinal diamines
from readily available olefins and show great potential for synthetic
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard G. Cornwall
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Haifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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