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Abstract
With the advent of a new era of smart-technology, the demand for more economic optoelectronic materials that do not compromise with efficiency is gradually on the rise. Organic semiconductors provide greener alternatives to the conventional inorganic ones, but encounter the challenge of balancing charge carrier mobility with processability in devices. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), a class of self-assembling soft organic materials, possess the perfect degree of order and dynamics to address this challenge. Providing unidimensional charge carrier pathways through their nanoscale columnar architecture, DLCs can behave as efficient charge transport systems across a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, DLCs are solution-processable, thus reducing the fabrication cost. In this article, we have discussed the approaches towards developing DLCs as semiconductors, focusing on their molecular design concepts, supramolecular structures and electronic properties in the context of their charge carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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Properties and Bioapplications of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020589. [PMID: 36839911 PMCID: PMC9958631 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers are arrangements containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic units, capable of forming ordered aggregates by intermolecular noncovalent interactions between the dendrimer units. Compared to conventional dendrimers, these molecular self-assemblies possess particular and effective attributes i.e., the presence of different terminal groups, essential to design new elaborated materials. The present review will focus on the pharmaceutical and biomedical application of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers. Important information for the development of novel optimized pharmaceutical formulations, such as structural classification, synthetic pathways, properties and applications, will offer the complete characterization of this type of Janus dendrimers. This work will constitute an up-to-date background for dendrimer specialists involved in designing amphiphilic Janus dendrimer-based nanomaterials for future innovations in this promising field.
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Chen S, Ma T, Du X, Mo M, Wang Z, Cheng X. D-A-D hexacatenar LCs containing bulky N-trialkoxylbenzyl carbazole caps with RGB emissions for full color palette and white LED applications. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lu YC, Hsu YT, Yang TY, Liou IC, Wang SW, Huang PC, Lee JJ, Lai LL, Hsu HF. Converting non-Mesogenic to Mesogenic Stacking of Amino- s-Triazine-Based Dendrons with p-CN Phenyl Unit by Eliminating Peripheral Dipole. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020185. [PMID: 35055204 PMCID: PMC8782037 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Three new amino-s-triazine-based dendrons, 1a, 1b, and 1c, containing an aryl-CN moiety in the dendritic skeleton were prepared in 72–81% yields (1a: R1 = − N(n-C8H17)2, R2 = n-OC8H17, 1b: R1 = R2 = − N(n-C8H17)2, 1c: R1 = − N(n-C8H17)2, R2 = − N(n-C4H9)2). Dendrons 1a with N(n-C8H17)2 and n-OC8H17 peripheral substituents, surprisingly, did not show any mesogenic phase during the thermal process. However, non-mesogenic 1a can be converted to mesogenic 1b or 1c by eliminating the peripheral dipole arising from the alkoxy substituent; dendron 1b only comprising the same N(n-C8H17)2 peripheral groups showed a ~25 °C mesogenic range on heating and ~108 °C mesogenic range on cooling. In contrast, dendron 1c possessing different N(n-CmH2m+1)2 (m = 8 versus m = 4) peripheral units, having similar stacking as 1b, exhibited a columnar phase on thermal treatment, but its mesogenic range (~9 and ~66 °C on heating and cooling, respectively) was much narrower than that of 1b, attributed to 1c’s less flexible alkyl chains in the peripheral part of dendron. Dendron 1a with the alkoxy substituent in the peripheral skeleton, creating additional dipole correspondingly, thus, leads to the dendritic molecules having a non-mesogenic stacking. Without the peripheral dipole for intermolecular side-by-side interaction, dendrons 1b and 1c exhibit a columnar phase on thermal treatment because of the vibration from the peripheral alkyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chih Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.Y.); (I.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.)
| | - Yu-Tsz Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Yen Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.Y.); (I.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.)
| | - I-Chun Liou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.Y.); (I.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.Y.); (I.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.)
| | - Po-Chia Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101, Hsin-Ann Rd., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Jey-Jau Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101, Hsin-Ann Rd., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Long-Li Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, No. 1 University Rd., Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.Y.); (I.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.-L.L.); (H.-F.H.)
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., New Taipei City 251, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-L.L.); (H.-F.H.)
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Bühlmeyer A, Ehni P, Ullmann D, Frey W, Baro A, Laschat S. Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Self‐Assembly of Concave Diindoles with a Hydropentalene Core. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Philipp Ehni
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dustin Ullmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Iguarbe V, Concellón A, Termine R, Golemme A, Barberá J, Serrano JL. Making Coaxial Wires Out of Janus Dendrimers for Efficient Charge Transport. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1138-1143. [PMID: 35632945 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive coaxial supramolecular wires are prepared by using a new family of Janus dendrimers that combines two rigid aromatic parts and two flexible aliphatic parts. The two external regions consist of a promesogenic block based on a third generation Percec-type dendron with four terminal dodecyloxy alkyl chains, whereas the two internal regions are formed by one, two, or three carbazole units bearing flexible spacers. These functional Janus dendrimers self-organize in columnar liquid crystal phases with a strong coaxial segregation within each column. Interestingly, the charge mobility studies revealed that these Janus dendrimers display semiconductor properties with hole mobility values up to 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, depending on the packing within the columns which can be tuned by the number of carbazole functional units. The high hole mobility values measured in these materials are among the highest values reported for columnar liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Iguarbe
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Joaquín Barberá
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Zhang J, Chen W, Kalytchuk S, Li KF, Chen R, Adachi C, Chen Z, Rogach AL, Zhu G, Yu PKN, Zhang W, Cheah KW, Zhang X, Lee CS. Self-Assembly of Electron Donor-Acceptor-Based Carbazole Derivatives: Novel Fluorescent Organic Nanoprobes for Both One- and Two-Photon Cellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11355-11365. [PMID: 27097920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report fluorescent organic nanoprobes with intense blue, green, and orange-red emissions prepared by self-assembling three carbazole derivatives into nanorods/nanoparticles. The three compounds consist of two or four electron-donating carbazole groups linked to a central dicyanobenzene electron acceptor. Steric hindrance from the carbazole groups leads to noncoplanar 3D molecular structures favorable to fluorescence in the solid state, while the donor-acceptor structures endow the molecules with good two-photon excited emission properties. The fluorescent organic nanoprobes exhibit good water dispersibility, low cytotoxicity, superior resistance against photodegradation and photobleaching. Both one- and two-photon fluorescent imaging were shown in the A549 cell line. Two-photon fluorescence imaging with the fluorescent probes was demonstrated to be more effective in visualizing and distinguishing cellular details compared to conventional one-photon fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | - King Fai Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zhan Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kok Wai Cheah
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Gracia I, Serrano JL, Barberá J, Omenat A. Functional organogelators formed by liquid-crystal carbazole-containing bis-MPA dendrimers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional organogels based on carbazole-containing liquid crystal block codendrimers that show an increased fluorescence emission and redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Gracia
- Dpto. Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón-CSIC
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - J. L. Serrano
- Dpto. Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Nanociencia de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - J. Barberá
- Dpto. Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón-CSIC
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - A. Omenat
- Dpto. Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón-CSIC
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Castelar S, Romero P, Serrano JL, Barberá J, Marcos M. Multifunctional ionic hybrid poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers surrounded by carbazole dendrons: liquid crystals, optical and electrochemical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid ionic dendrimers prepared via ionic self-assembly by grafting of a cationic PPI dendrimer with bifunctional electroactive carbazole dendrons, display photoluminescence properties and self-assembly into nematic, smectic or columnar mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castelar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Pilar Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - José-Luis Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
| | - Joaquín Barberá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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