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Knöller JA, Sönmez B, Matulaitis T, Gupta AK, Zysman-Colman E, Laschat S. A novel B,O,N-doped mesogen with narrowband MR-TADF emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4459-4462. [PMID: 38563754 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Modification of an unsymmetric B,O,N-doped aromatic core with peripheral mesogenic units triggers self-assembly into a columnar hexagonal mesophase, which is stable between 22 and 144 °C. The columnar assembly is preserved in a glassy state below 22 °C. The B,O,N-doped mesogen displays narrowband sky-blue multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) under diluted conditions and bright excimer emission in condensed phase. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach provides insight into the development of strongly aggregating liquid crystalline MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius A Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Burcu Sönmez
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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2
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Ebert M, Lange A, Müller M, Wuckert E, Gießelmann F, Klamroth T, Zens A, Taubert A, Laschat S. Counterion effects on the mesomorphic and electrochemical properties of guanidinium salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11988-12002. [PMID: 38573315 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) combine the ion mobility of ionic liquids with the order and self-assembly of thermotropic mesophases. To understand the role of the anion in ILCs, wedge-shaped arylguanidinium salts with tetradecyloxy side chains were chosen as benchmark systems and their liquid crystalline self-assembly in the bulk phase as well as their electrochemical behavior in solution were studied depending on the anion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) experiments revealed that for spherical anions, the phase width of the hexagonal columnar mesophase increased with the anion size, while for non-spherical anions, the trends were less clear cut. Depending on the anion, the ILCs showed different stability towards electrochemical oxidation and reduction with the most stable being the PF6 based compound. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a possible contribution of the guanidinium cation to the oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Eugen Wuckert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Frank Gießelmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Tillmann Klamroth
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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3
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Carrasco I, Ehni P, Ebert M, Dumait N, Taupier G, Amela-Cortes M, Roiland C, Cordier S, Knöller JA, Jacques E, Laschat S, Molard Y. Game of Crowns: Na + Is Coming! Red NIR-Emissive Hybrid Liquid Crystals Containing Discotic Crown Ethers and Na 2Mo 6X 8iCl 6 (X i = Cl or Br). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:39752-39764. [PMID: 37566407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular or supramolecular materials that can self-organize into columns such as discotic liquid crystals are of interest for several applications in the field of optoelectronics. We show in this work that red near-infrared (NIR)-emissive metal cluster compounds of general formula Na2Mo6X8iCl6 (Xi = Cl or Br) can be readily complexed with discotic liquid crystals containing a crown ether. Three cavity sizes have been tested with crown ethers bearing 4, 5, or 6 oxygen atoms. In all cases, 1:1 complexes were formed, thanks to the well-known supramolecular interactions existing between the Na+ cations of the metal cluster salt and the crown ether derivatives. All obtained hybrids are homogeneous, emit in the red NIR region, and show liquid crystalline properties on a wider temperature range than their precursors. Charge transport properties have been investigated by using a space charge limited current device. Obtained results demonstrate that metal cluster compounds can enhance the charge carrier mobility by 5 orders of magnitude compared to the native discotic organic ligands. Considering that the presented organic crown ether derivatives are not the best candidates to design optoelectronic devices because of their inherently low conductivity, but that similar compounds were developed to design proton conductive porous framework, our results open promising perspectives for the use of metal cluster compounds in devices dedicated to such a field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Carrasco
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philipp Ehni
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Noée Dumait
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Taupier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maria Amela-Cortes
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claire Roiland
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Julius A Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Jacques
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yann Molard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR─UMR 6226, ScanMAT─UAR 2025, IETR─UMR6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Grunwald MA, Hagenlocher SE, Turkanovic L, Bauch SM, Wachsmann SB, Altevogt LA, Ebert M, Knöller JA, Raab AR, Schulz F, Kolmangadi MA, Zens A, Huber P, Schönhals A, Bilitiewski U, Laschat S. Does thermotropic liquid crystalline self-assembly control biological activity in amphiphilic amino acids? - tyrosine ILCs as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37366119 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic amino acids represent promising scaffolds for biologically active soft matter. In order to understand the bulk self-assembly of amphiphilic amino acids into thermotropic liquid crystalline phases and their biological properties a series of tyrosine ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) was synthesized, carrying a benzoate unit with 0-3 alkoxy chains at the tyrosine unit and a cationic guanidinium head group. Investigation of the mesomorphic properties by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) revealed smectic A bilayers (SmAd) for ILCs with 4-alkoxy- and 3,4-dialkoxybenzoates, whereas ILCs with 3,4,5-trisalkoxybenzoates showed hexagonal columnar mesophases (Colh), while different counterions had only a minor influence. Dielectric measurements revealed a slightly higher dipole moment of non-mesomorphic tyrosine-benzoates as compared to their mesomorphic counterparts. The absence of lipophilic side chains on the benzoate unit was important for the biological activity. Thus, non-mesomorphic tyrosine benzoates and crown ether benzoates devoid of additional side chains at the benzoate unit displayed the highest cytotoxicities (against L929 mouse fibroblast cell line) and antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli ΔTolC and Staphylococcus aureus) and promising selectivity ratio in favour of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco André Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Selina Emilie Hagenlocher
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Larissa Turkanovic
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Soeren Magnus Bauch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Luca Alexa Altevogt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Julius Agamemnon Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aileen Rebecca Raab
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22605 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures ChyN, University Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ursula Bilitiewski
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Stöckl Y, Tait EJ, Frey W, Wegner S, Claasen B, Zens A, Laschat S. Enantioenriched Boron C,N-Chelates via Chirality Transfer. Chemistry 2023:e202301324. [PMID: 37144640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecules stereogenic only at tetrahedral boron atoms show great promise for applications e.g. as chiroptical materials, but are scarcely investigated due to their synthetic challenge. Hence, we report a two-step synthesis of enantioenriched boron C,N-chelates. First, the diastereoselective complexation of alkyl/aryl borinates with chiral aminoalcohols furnished boron stereogenic heterocycles in up to 86% yield and d.r. > 98:2. Treatment of these O,N-complexes with chelate nucleophiles was surmised to transfer the stereoinformation via the ate-complex into the C,N-products. This chirality transfer succeeded by substitution of the O,N-chelates with lithiated phenyl pyridine to give boron stereogenic C,N-chelates in up to 84% yield and e.r. up to 97:3. The chiral aminoalcohol ligands could be recovered after isolation of the C,N-chelates. The chirality transfer tolerated alkyl, alkynyl and (hetero-)aryl moieties at boron and could be further extended by post-modification: transformations such as catalytic hydrogenations or sequential deprotonation / electrophilic trapping were feasible while maintaining the stereochemical integrity of the C,N-chelates. Structural aspects of the boron chelates were studied by variable temperature NMR and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stöckl
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Ethan John Tait
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Sascha Wegner
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Anna Zens
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
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Chen D, Tenopala‐Carmona F, Knöller JA, Mischok A, Hall D, Madayanad Suresh S, Matulaitis T, Olivier Y, Nacke P, Gießelmann F, Laschat S, Gather MC, Zysman‐Colman E. Mesogenic Groups Control the Emitter Orientation in Multi-Resonance TADF Emitter Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218911. [PMID: 36760211 PMCID: PMC10947294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and emitters that show preferential horizontal orientation of their transition dipole moment (TDM) are two emerging strategies to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs. We present the first example of a liquid crystalline multi-resonance TADF (MR-TADF) emitter, DiKTa-LC. The compound possesses a nematic liquid crystalline phase between 80 °C and 110 °C. Importantly, the TDM of the spin-coated film shows preferential horizontal orientation, with an anisotropy factor, a, of 0.28, which is preserved in doped poly(vinylcarbazole) films. Green-emitting (λEL =492 nm) solution-processed OLEDs based on DiKTa-LC showed an EQEmax of 13.6 %. We thus demonstrate for the first time how self-assembly of a liquid crystalline TADF emitter can lead to the so-far elusive control of the orientation of the transition dipole in solution-processed films, which will be of relevance for high-performance solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Chen
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Francisco Tenopala‐Carmona
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and BiophotonicsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstr. 4-650939KölnGermany
| | - Julius A. Knöller
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and BiophotonicsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstr. 4-650939KölnGermany
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium
| | - Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional MaterialsNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversité de NamurRue de Bruxelles 615000NamurBelgium
| | - Pierre Nacke
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Frank Gießelmann
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and BiophotonicsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstr. 4-650939KölnGermany
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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Schulz F, Lutz B, Rück D, Batman D, Frey W, Laschat S. Tailoring liquid crystalline self-assembly and de Vries behavior of azulenes via lateral and core substitution. Soft Matter 2023; 19:2397-2406. [PMID: 36928070 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The azulene moiety is a highly attractive building block in optoelectronic applications due to its unique properties. For high-performing devices, the molecular orientation is crucial and can be controlled through liquid-crystalline self-assembly. Recent work showed that liquid crystalline derivatives bearing the 2-phenyl-azulene-1-nitrile core formed broad de Vries-type SmA and SmC phases. For exact understanding of the structure-property relationship, a series of 2-(hetero)aryl-azulenes has been synthesized varying the chain linkage, the lateral substituent, and the aromatic ring. Small changes of the molecular structure determined whether the orthogonal SmA phase or the tilted SmC phase is predominant. Implementation of alkyne chains instead of alkoxy chains resulted in the reduction of phase transition temperatures and formation of mesophases at room temperature. Furthermore, de Vries-like behavior was investigated and reduction values between R = 0.35 and 0.74 were measured which supported the hypothesis that in this system de Vries-like behavior is caused by steric repulsion of the lateral substituent. The control of the phase geometry by the molecular structure might be used for improved molecular orientation in optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bettina Lutz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Daniel Rück
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Derman Batman
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Kolb B, Silva dos Santos D, Krause S, Zens A, Laschat S. Sequential hydrozirconation/Pd-catalyzed cross coupling of acyl chlorides towards conjugated (2 E,4 E)-dienones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:176-185. [PMID: 36814450 PMCID: PMC9940601 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dienones are challenging building blocks in natural product synthesis due to their high reactivity and complex synthesis. Based on previous work and own initial results, a new stereospecific sequential hydrozirconation/Pd-catalyzed acylation of enynes with acyl chlorides towards conjugated (2E,4E)-dienones is reported. We investigated a number of substrates with different alkyl and aryl substituents in the one-pot reaction and showed that regardless of the substitution pattern, the reactions lead to the stereoselective formation (≥95% (2E,4E)) of the respective dienones under mild conditions. It was found that enynes with alkyl chains gave higher yields than the corresponding aryl-substituted analogues, whereas the variation of the acyl chlorides did not affect the reaction significantly. The synthetic application is demonstrated by formation of non-natural and natural dienone-containing terpenes such as β-ionone which was available in 4 steps and 6% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kolb
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniela Silva dos Santos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sanja Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Chen D, Tenopala-Carmona F, Knöller JA, Mischok A, Hall D, Suresh SM, Matulaitis T, Olivier Y, Nacke P, Gießelmann F, Laschat S, Gather MC, Zysman-Colman E. Mesogenic Groups Control the Emitter Orientation in Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Hall
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Nacke
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Frank Gießelmann
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Sabine Laschat
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry Purdie BuildingNorth Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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Schilling C, Bauer A, Knöller JA, Schulz F, Zens A, Laschat S. Tailoring boron liquid crystals: Mesomorphic properties of iminodiacetic acid boronates. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wachsmann SB, Bauhof J, Raab AR, Zens A, Sottmann T, Laschat S. N-Alkylimidazolium carboxylates as a new type of catanionic surface active ionic liquid: synthesis, thermotropic behavior and micellization in water. Soft Matter 2022; 18:7773-7781. [PMID: 36177986 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00854h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at a new type of salt-free CASAIL (Catanionic Surface Active IL) for electrochemical applications or emulsifiers, dispersants, and foaming or antifoaming agents, we combined mesogenic anions (carboxylate) and cations (imidazolium) of similar shape and size to synthesize a series of congruent ion pairs of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium alkylcarboxylates [Cnmim][Cm-1COO] (n = 10-16, m = 10-16). With particular focus on alkyl chain length varieties in both, imidazolium cations and carboxylate anions (n/m), the self-assembly in the bulk phase and in solution was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and surface tension measurements. Our results revealed that the presence of long alkyl chains on both the cation n and anion m leads to improved thermal stability of the bulk material while maintaining broad lamellar (SmA) mesophases. In water, we observed a strong and linear decrease of log(cmc) for increasing both the carboxylate anion and imidazolium cation chain length due to the increasing hydrophobic effect. Surprisingly, for both thermotropic behavior and micellization, the chain length of the carboxylate anion had a stronger impact than the chain length of the imidazolium cation, indicating its greater surface activity and tendency to form micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Wachsmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jessica Bauhof
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aileen Rebecca Raab
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Schulz F, Takamaru S, Bens T, Hanna JI, Sarkar B, Laschat S, Iino H. Liquid crystalline self-assembly of azulene-thiophene hybrids and their applications as OFET materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23481-23489. [PMID: 36129047 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Orientational control within thin films is crucial for the preparation of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The highly ordered liquid crystalline smectic E phase (SmE) is known as a powerful template for solution processed thin films. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of three novel azulene-thiophene hybrid materials. Liquid crystalline characterization showed the presence of wide SmE phases. Thin films were prepared by spin-coating at mesophase temperature. Due to the self-aligning properties of the SmE phase uniformly flat films with good molecular alignment were manufactured. Top contact bottom gate OFETs showed mobilities up to (3.3 ± 0.5) × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. .,Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-2, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Shun Takamaru
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-2, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Tobias Bens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jun-Ichi Hanna
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-2, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Hiroaki Iino
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-2, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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13
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Knöller JA, Forschner R, Frey W, Lang J, Baro A, Zens A, Molard Y, Giesselmann F, Claasen B, Laschat S. Chasing Self-Assembly of Thioether-Substituted Flavylium Salts in Solution and Bulk State. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200154. [PMID: 35446455 PMCID: PMC9400860 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Two series of flavylium triflates carrying alkoxy side chains in the A‐ring (benzo unit of chromylium salt) and thioethers in the B ring (phenyl unit) (On‐Fla‐Sm) as well as thioethers at both A and B ring (Sn‐Fla‐Sm) were synthesized in order to understand the effect of thioether functionalization on their self‐assembly and electronic properties. Concentration‐dependent and diffusion ordered (DOSY) NMR experiments of O1‐iV‐Fla‐S3 indicate the formation of columnar H‐aggregates in solution with antiparallel intracolumnar stacking of the AC unit (chromylium) of the flavylium triflate, in agreement with the solid state structure of O1‐V‐Fla‐S1. Thioether substitution on the B ring changes the linear optical properties in solution, whereas it has no effect on the A ring. According to differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction bulk self‐assembly of these ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) depends on the total number of side chains, yielding SmA and LamCol phases for ILCs with 2–3 chains and Colro, Colh phases for ILCs with 3–6 chains. Thus, we demonstrated that thioethers are a useful design tool for ILCs with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius A Knöller
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Robert Forschner
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Johannes Lang
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Angelika Baro
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Anna Zens
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Yann Molard
- University of Rennes 1 - Health Sciences Campus Villejean: Universite de Rennes 1 - Campus Sante de Villejean, Institut of Chemical Science, GERMANY
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
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14
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Stöckl Y, Fellmeth T, Bauer F, Wank B, Frey W, Claasen B, Zens A, Köhn A, Laschat S. Chasing polycyclic natural products: 5/6/5‐ or 5/6/6‐carbotricyclic scaffold construction via stereodivergent Diels‐Alder reaction of chiral hydrindanes and their boron complexes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stöckl
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Fellmeth
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Bauer
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Bianca Wank
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Anna Zens
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
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15
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Ehni P, Bauch SM, Becker PM, Frey W, Zens A, Kästner J, Molard Y, Laschat S. Merging liquid crystalline self-assembly and linear optical properties of merocyanines via tailored donor units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21617-21630. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at merocyanine dyes with good linear optical and self-assembly properties, a series of rigid mono-, bi- and tricyclic merocyanines with O- and N-donor units as well as keto or...
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16
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Rieg C, Kirchhof M, Gugeler K, Beurer AK, Stein L, Dirnberger K, Frey W, Bruckner J, Traa Y, Kästner J, Ludwigs S, Laschat S, Dyballa M. Determination of Accessibility and Spatial Distribution of Chiral Rh Diene Complexes Immobilized on SBA-15 via Phosphine‑based NMR Probe Molecules. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In molecular heterogeneous catalysis knowledge about the location and accessibility of the immobilized metal complex inside porous solids is important to assess the catalytic efficiency. Here we developed a method...
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17
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Holzwarth M, Ludwig J, Bernz A, Claasen B, Majoul A, Reuter J, Zens A, Pawletta B, Bilitewski U, Weiss IM, Laschat S. Modulating chitin synthesis in marine algae with iminosugars obtained by SmI 2 and FeCl 3-mediated diastereoselective carbonyl ene reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6606-6618. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for synthesizing polyhydroxylated piperidines such as iminosugars have received broad attention. These substances are known to interact with carbohydrate related enzymes glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, to which also the large...
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18
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Kirchhof M, Abitaev K, Abouhaileh A, Gugeler K, Frey W, Zens A, Kästner J, Sottmann T, Laschat S. Frontispiece: Interplay of Polarity and Confinement in Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Rh Diene Complexes in Microemulsions. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202186862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kirchhof
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Karina Abitaev
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Abdulwahab Abouhaileh
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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19
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Ebert M, Carrasco I, Dumait N, Frey W, Baro A, Zens A, Lehmann M, Taupier G, Cordier S, Jacques E, Molard Y, Laschat S. Joint Venture of Metal Cluster and Amphiphilic Cationic Minidendron Resulting in Near Infrared Emissive Lamellar Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103446. [PMID: 34766393 PMCID: PMC9300031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic red‐NIR emissive materials are particularly relevant in many fields like optoelectronic, bioimaging or solar cells. Benefiting from their emission in devices implies their integration in easy‐to‐handle materials like liquid crystals, whose long‐range ordering and self‐healing abilities could be exploited and influence emission. Herein, we present red‐NIR emissive hybrid materials obtained with phosphorescent octahedral molybdenum cluster anions electrostatically associated with amphiphilic guanidinium minidendrons. Polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray analysis show that while the minidendron chloride salts self‐organize into columnar phases, their association with the dianionic metal cluster leads to layered phases. Steady‐state and time‐resolved emission investigations demonstrate the influence of the minidendron alkyl chain length on the phosphorescence of the metal cluster core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irene Carrasco
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Noée Dumait
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems, Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Theodor-Boveri-Weg 4, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gregory Taupier
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Stephane Cordier
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacques
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Molard
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, IETR-UMR 6164, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Kapernaum N, Lange A, Ebert M, Grunwald MA, Haege C, Marino S, Zens A, Taubert A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Current Topics in Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100397. [PMID: 34931472 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs), that is, ionic liquids exhibiting mesomorphism, liquid crystalline phases, and anisotropic properties, have received intense attention in the past years. Among others, this is due to their special properties arising from the combination of properties stemming from ionic liquids and from liquid crystalline arrangements. Besides interesting fundamental aspects, ILCs have been claimed to have tremendous application potential that again arises from the combination of properties and architectures that are not accessible otherwise, or at least not accessible easily by other strategies. The current review highlights recent developments in ILC research, starting with some key fundamental aspects. Further subjects covered include the synthesis and variations of modern ILCs, including the specific tuning of their mesomorphic behavior. The review concludes with reflections on some applications that may be within reach for ILCs and finally highlights a few key challenges that must be overcome prior and during true commercialization of ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marco A Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Haege
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Kirchhof M, Abitaev K, Abouhaileh A, Gugeler K, Frey W, Zens A, Kästner J, Sottmann T, Laschat S. Interplay of Polarity and Confinement in Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Rh Diene Complexes in Microemulsions. Chemistry 2021; 27:16853-16870. [PMID: 34664324 PMCID: PMC9299057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions provide a unique opportunity to tailor the polarity and liquid confinement in asymmetric catalysis via nanoscale polar and nonpolar domains separated by a surfactant film. For chiral diene Rh complexes, the influence of counterion and surfactant film on the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity remained elusive. To explore this issue chiral norbornadiene Rh(X) complexes (X=OTf, OTs, OAc, PO2F2) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and theoretical calculations. These complexes were used in Rh‐catalyzed 1,2‐additions of phenylboroxine to N‐tosylimine in microemulsions stabilized either exclusively by n‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (C8G1) or a C8G1‐film doped with anionic or cationic surfactants (AOT, SDS and DTAB). The Rh(OAc) complex showed the largest dependence on the composition of the microemulsion, yielding up to 59 % (90 %ee) for the surfactant film doped with 5 wt% of AOT as compared to 52 % (58 %ee) for neat C8G1 at constant surfactant concentration. Larger domains, determined by SAXS analysis, enabled further increase in yield and selectivity while the reaction rate almost remained constant according to kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kirchhof
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karina Abitaev
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abdulwahab Abouhaileh
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Bilitewski U, Laschat S, Schädel N, Icik E, Martini M, Altevogt L, Ramming I, Greulich A, Baro A. Synthesis of Imidazole and Histidine-Derived Cross-Linkers as Analogues of GOLD and Desmosine. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmino acid derivatives with a central cationic heterocyclic core (e.g., imidazolium) are biologically relevant cross-linkers of proteins and advanced glycation end (AGE) products. Here, imidazolium-containing cross-linkers were synthesized from imidazole or histidine by N-alkylation employing aspartate- and glutamate-derived mesylates as key step. Biological investigations were carried out to probe the biocompatibility of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Bilitewski
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
| | | | | | - Esra Icik
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Maike Martini
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Luca Altevogt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
| | - Isabell Ramming
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
| | | | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
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23
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Sinast M, Claasen B, Stöckl Y, Greulich A, Zens A, Baro A, Laschat S. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Hydrindanes via Sequential Organocatalytic Michael/Mukaiyama Aldol Addition and Telescoped Hydrozirconation/Cross-Coupling as Key Steps: En Route to the AB System of Clifednamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7537-7551. [PMID: 34014095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The AB ring systems of the clifednamide family, polycyclic tetramate macrolactames (PoTeMs), were prepared by a new, convergent approach employing an intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction. Key steps comprise an organocatalytic Michael addition (>90% enantiomeric excess (ee)), a Mukaiyama aldol reaction for the convergent installation of a diene moiety, and a telescoped hydrozirconation/cross-coupling grafting an enone. The following IMDA furnished a highly functionalized hydrindane (diastereomeric ratio (dr) = 91:1) with the same configuration as the clifednamide scaffold. Advantages of this route are only one required protecting group, 13% overall yield over 9 steps (reduced from previously 17 steps/1.3% overall), and the potential access to the key intermediates in the clifednamide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sinast
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yannick Stöckl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Greulich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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24
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Beurer A, Kirchhof M, Bruckner JR, Frey W, Baro A, Dyballa M, Giesselmann F, Laschat S, Traa Y. Cover Feature: Efficient and Spatially Controlled Functionalization of SBA‐15 and Initial Results in Asymmetric Rh‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Additions under Confinement (ChemCatChem 10/2021). ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Beurer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Manuel Kirchhof
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johanna R. Bruckner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Dyballa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yvonne Traa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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25
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Beurer A, Kirchhof M, Bruckner JR, Frey W, Baro A, Dyballa M, Giesselmann F, Laschat S, Traa Y. Efficient and Spatially Controlled Functionalization of SBA‐15 and Initial Results in Asymmetric Rh‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Additions under Confinement. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Beurer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Manuel Kirchhof
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johanna R. Bruckner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Dyballa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yvonne Traa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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26
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Deimling M, Kousik SR, Abitaev K, Frey W, Sottmann T, Koynov K, Laschat S, Atanasova P. Hierarchical Silica Inverse Opals as a Catalyst Support for Asymmetric Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis with Chiral Rh‐diene Complexes. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Deimling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Shravan R. Kousik
- Institute for Materials Science University of Stuttgart Heisenbergstraße 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Karina Abitaev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science University of Stuttgart Heisenbergstraße 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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27
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Bühlmeyer A, Ehni P, Ullmann D, Frey W, Baro A, Laschat S. Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Self‐Assembly of Concave Diindoles with a Hydropentalene Core. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Philipp Ehni
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dustin Ullmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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28
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Laschat S, Deimling M, Zens A, Park N, Hess C, Klenk S, Dilruba Z, Baro A. Adventures and Detours in the Synthesis of Hydropentalenes. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized hydropentalenes (i.e., bicyclo[3.3.0]octanones) constitute important building blocks for natural products and for ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The assembly and tailored functionalization of this convex roof-shaped scaffold is challenging and has motivated a variety of synthetic approaches including our own contributions, which will be presented in this account.1 Introduction2 Biosynthesis of Hydropentalenes3 Hydropentalenes through the Pauson–Khand Reaction4 Hydropentalenes through Transannular Oxidative Cyclization of Cycloocta-1,4-diene5 Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1,4-dione to Dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]indenes6 Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1,4-diones to Crown Ether Hybrids7 Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1,4-dione to Cylindramide8 Tandem Ring-Opening Metathesis/Ring-Closing Metathesis/Cross-Metathesis of Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes9 Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1,4-dione to Geodin A10 Hydropentalenes through Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Weiss Diketones11 Functionalization of Weiss Diketones by Carbonyl Ene Reactions12 Functionalization of the Weiss Diketone to Cylindramide and Geodin A Core Units13 Biological Properties of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes14 Hydropentalenes through Vinylcyclopropane Cyclopentene Rearrangement15 Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes toward Chiral Dienes16 Miscellaneous Syntheses of Hydropentalenes17 Conclusion and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Deimling
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Natja Park
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | | | - Simon Klenk
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Zarfishan Dilruba
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
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29
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Kirchhof M, Gugeler K, Fischer FR, Nowakowski M, Bauer A, Alvarez-Barcia S, Abitaev K, Schnierle M, Qawasmi Y, Frey W, Baro A, Estes DP, Sottmann T, Ringenberg MR, Plietker B, Bauer M, Kästner J, Laschat S. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Role of Monomeric vs Dimeric Rhodium Oxazolidinone Norbornadiene Complexes in Catalytic Asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4-Additions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kirchhof
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Richard Fischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michal Nowakowski
- Department Chemie und Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Alina Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sonia Alvarez-Barcia
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karina Abitaev
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Schnierle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yaseen Qawasmi
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Deven P. Estes
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mark R. Ringenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Technische Universität Dresden, Professur für Organische Chemie I, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie und Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Knöller JA, Meng G, Wang X, Hall D, Pershin A, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Laschat S, Zysman‐Colman E, Wang S. Corrigendum: Intramolecular Borylation via Sequential B−Mes Bond Cleavage for the Divergent Synthesis of B,N,B‐Doped Benzo[4]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13149. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Knöller JA, Meng G, Wang X, Hall D, Pershin A, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Laschat S, Zysman‐Colman E, Wang S. Berichtigung: Divergente Synthese von B,N,B‐Benzo[4]helicenen durch intramolekulare Borylierung unter sequenzieller B‐Mes‐Bindungsspaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Laschat S, Seubert P, Freund M, Rudolf R, Lin Y, Altevogt L, Bilitewski U, Baro A. Buchwald–Hartwig versus Microwave-Assisted Amination of Chloroquinolines: En Route to the Pyoverdin Chromophore. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitroquinoline with a series of amines and aminoalkanoates under basic microwave-mediated conditions and under Buchwald–Hartwig amination conditions is reported. The microwave irradiation favored the reaction with amines, resulting in yields of up to 80%, whereas amino acid functionalization gave yields comparable to those of Buchwald–Hartwig amination. tert-Butyl (2R)-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitroquinolin-2-yl)amino]-2-hydroxybutanoate was successfully cyclized to the pyoverdin chromophore, a subunit of siderophores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcel Freund
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | | | - Yulin Lin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
| | - Luca Altevogt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
| | - Ursula Bilitewski
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart
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33
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self-Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10557-10565. [PMID: 32119178 PMCID: PMC7317216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminocyclopropenium ions have raised much attention as organocatalysts and redox active polymers. However, the self-assembly of amphiphilic aminocyclopropenium ions remains challenging. The first deltic ionic liquid crystals based on aminocyclopropenium ions have been developed. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided insight into the unique self-assembly and nanosegregation of these liquid crystals. While the combination of small headgroups with linear p-alkoxyphenyl units led to bilayer-type smectic mesophases, wedge-shaped units resulted in columnar mesophases. Upon increasing the size and polyphilicity of the aminocyclopropenium headgroup, a lamellar phase was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell University122 Baker LaboratoryIttacaNY14853USA
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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34
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Litterscheidt J, Bandar JS, Ebert M, Forschner R, Bader K, Lambert TH, Frey W, Bühlmeyer A, Brändle M, Schulz F, Laschat S. Self‐Assembly of Aminocyclopropenium Salts: En Route to Deltic Ionic Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Litterscheidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Max Ebert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ittaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marcus Brändle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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35
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Bader K, Müller C, Molard Y, Baro A, Ehni P, Knelles J, Laschat S. Fluorenone imidazolium salts as novel de Vries materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23999-24016. [PMID: 35517358 PMCID: PMC9055108 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) tilted mesophases such as SmC required for electro-optic devices are quite rare. We report a design concept that induced the SmC phase and enabled de Vries-like behaviour in ILCs. For this purpose, we synthesized and characterized a library of ILC derivatives ImR(On,Ym)X which consist of a rigid central fluorenone core containing an alkoxy or thioether side chain and connected via a flexible spacer to an imidazolium head group. The mesomorphic properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Temperature-dependent measurements of smectic layer spacing d by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and of optical tilt angles by POM demonstrate that ILCs ImR(On,Ym)X undergo SmA–SmC phase transitions with maximum layer contraction values between 0.4% and 2.1%. The lowest reduction factor R of 0.2 at the reduced temperature T − TAC = −10 K was calculated for Im(O12,S14)Br. Electron density calculations indicated a bilayer structure. Furthermore, temperature dependent emission studies show that self-assembling has a strong influence on the emission intensity of these ILCs. ILCs consisting of cationic head group–spacer–fluorenone central core–side chain show de Vries-like behaviour.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinna Bader
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yann Molard
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, University Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Philipp Ehni
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jakob Knelles
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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36
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Grunwald MA, Wöhrle T, Forschner R, Baro A, Laschat S. Columnar Propeller‐Like 1,3,5‐Triphenylbenzenes: Probing the Effect of Chlorine on the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Liquid Crystalline Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco André Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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37
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Adatia KK, Halbritter T, Reinfelds M, Michele A, Tran M, Laschat S, Heckel A, Tovar GEM, Southan A. Coumarin‐4‐ylmethyl‐ and p‐Hydroxyphenacyl‐Based Photoacid Generators with High Solubility in Aqueous Media: Synthesis, Stability and Photolysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma K. Adatia
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Iceland Dunhaga 3 107 Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Andre Michele
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IOCUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Tran
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IOCUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IOCUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVPUniversity of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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38
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Knöller JA, Meng G, Wang X, Hall D, Pershin A, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Laschat S, Zysman‐Colman E, Wang S. Intramolecular Borylation via Sequential B−Mes Bond Cleavage for the Divergent Synthesis of B,N,B‐Doped Benzo[4]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3156-3160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius A. Knöller
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Institute for Organic ChemistryStuttgart University Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Guoyun Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Anton Pershin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du SolideNamur Institute of Structured MatterUniversité de Namur Rue de Bruxelles, 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute for Organic ChemistryStuttgart University Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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39
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Knöller JA, Meng G, Wang X, Hall D, Pershin A, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Laschat S, Zysman‐Colman E, Wang S. Divergente Synthese von B,N,B‐Benzo[4]helicenen durch intramolekulare Borylierung unter sequenzieller B‐Mes‐Bindungsspaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius A. Knöller
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Guoyun Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Peking China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST Großbritannien
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials University of Mons Belgien
| | - Anton Pershin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials University of Mons Belgien
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials University of Mons Belgien
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, & Laboratoire de Physique du Solide Namur Institute of Structured Matter Université de Namur Belgien
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST Großbritannien
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Peking China
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40
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Forschner R, Knelles J, Bader K, Müller C, Frey W, Köhn A, Molard Y, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Flavylium Salts: A Blooming Core for Bioinspired Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:12966-12980. [PMID: 31418972 PMCID: PMC6856849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermotropic ionic liquid crystals based on the flavylium scaffold have been synthesized and studied for their structure-properties relationship for the first time. The mesogens were probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Low numbers of alkoxy side chains resulted in smectic (SmA) and lamello-columnar (LamCol ) phases, whereas higher substituted flavylium salts showed Colro as well as ordered and disordered columnar (Colho , Colhd ) mesophases. Mesophase width ranged from 13 K to 220 K, giving access to room temperature liquid crystals. The optical properties of the synthesized compounds were probed towards absorption and emission properties. Strong absorption with maxima between 444 and 507 nm was observed, and some chromophores were highly emissive with quantum yields up to 99 %. Ultimately, mesogenic and dye properties were examined by temperature-dependent emissive experiments in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Knelles
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yann Molard
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, University Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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41
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Zens A, Bauer F, Kolb B, Mannchen F, Seubert P, Forschner R, Flaig KS, Köhn A, Kunz D, Laschat S. Ni(NHC) Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1‐Acyl‐2‐vinylcyclopropanes: Tackling a Mechanistic Puzzle by Combined Experimental and Computational Studies. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Florian Bauer
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Benedikt Kolb
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Fabian Mannchen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Philipp Seubert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Kim S. Flaig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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42
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Sinast M, Zuccolo M, Wischnat J, Sube T, Hasnik F, Baro A, Dallavalle S, Laschat S. Samarium Iodide-Promoted Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction of 3-(2-Haloacyl)-2-oxazolidinones with Enals. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10050-10064. [PMID: 31343175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Haloacyl)-2-oxazolidinones were shown to react with enals in an asymmetric SmI2-promoted Reformatsky reaction to give stereochemically well-defined 3-hydroxy-4-alkenyl- and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-alkenyl imides. Chirality transfer of the Evans (S)-oxazolidinone unit via a Zimmerman-Traxler-like transition state resulted in Reformatsky products with a relative syn-configuration. The absolute configuration of compounds obtained is opposite to the corresponding products obtained via aldol addition of boron enolates to enals using the same Evans oxazolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sinast
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Marco Zuccolo
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Jonathan Wischnat
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Tobias Sube
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Fabian Hasnik
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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43
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Knelles J, Beardsworth S, Bader K, Bruckner JR, Bühlmeyer A, Forschner R, Schweizer K, Frey W, Giesselmann F, Molard Y, Laschat S. Self‐Assembly and Fluorescence of Tetracationic Liquid Crystalline Tetraphenylethene. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2210-2216. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Knelles
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Korinna Bader
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Yann Molard
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT – UMS 2001 Rennes France
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
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44
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Deimling M, Kirchhof M, Schwager B, Qawasmi Y, Savin A, Mühlhäuser T, Frey W, Claasen B, Baro A, Sottmann T, Laschat S. Frontispiece: Asymmetric Catalysis in Liquid Confinement: Probing the Performance of Novel Chiral Rhodium–Diene Complexes in Microemulsions and Conventional Solvents. Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201984066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Deimling
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Manuel Kirchhof
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Barbara Schwager
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yaseen Qawasmi
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alex Savin
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tina Mühlhäuser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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45
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Deimling M, Kirchhof M, Schwager B, Qawasmi Y, Savin A, Mühlhäuser T, Frey W, Claasen B, Baro A, Sottmann T, Laschat S. Asymmetric Catalysis in Liquid Confinement: Probing the Performance of Novel Chiral Rhodium–Diene Complexes in Microemulsions and Conventional Solvents. Chemistry 2019; 25:9464-9476. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Deimling
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Manuel Kirchhof
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Barbara Schwager
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yaseen Qawasmi
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Alex Savin
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tina Mühlhäuser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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46
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Schädel N, Gebhardt J, Löffler M, Garnier D, Hansen N, Laschat S. Rotational barriers of carbamate-protected amine crosslinkers for hydrogels: A combined experimental and computational study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schädel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Julia Gebhardt
- Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Max Löffler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
- Plateforme d'Analyse Chimique de Strasbourg-Illkirch (PACSI - GDS 3670) and Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives (UMR7199), Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg/CNRS; 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
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47
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Yildirim A, Bühlmeyer A, Hayashi S, Haenle JC, Sentker K, Krause C, Huber P, Laschat S, Schönhals A. Multiple glassy dynamics in dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotic liquid crystals revealed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and advanced calorimetry - assessment of the molecular origin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18265-18277. [PMID: 31393479 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A selected series of dipole functionalized triphenylene-based discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) was synthesized and investigated in a systematic way to reveal the phase behavior and molecular dynamics. The later point is of particular importance to understand the charge transport in such systems which is the key property for their applications such as organic field-effect transistors, solar cells or as nanowires in molecular electronics, and also to tune the properties of DLCs. The mesomorphic properties were studied by polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry, which were compared to the corresponding unfunctionalized DLC. The molecular dynamics were investigated by a combination of state-of-the-art broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and advanced calorimetry such as fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) and specific heat spectroscopy (SHS). Besides localized fluctuations, surprisingly multiple glassy dynamics were detected for all materials for the first time. Glassy dynamics were proven for both processes unambiguously due to the extraordinary broad frequency range covered. The α1-process is attributed to fluctuations of the alky chains in the intercolumnar space because a polyethylene-like glassy dynamics is observed. This corresponds to a glass transition in a confined three-dimensional space. The α2-process found at temperatures lower than α1-process, is assigned to small scale rotational and/or translational in plane fluctuations of the triphenylene core inside distorted columns. This can be considered as a glass transition in a one-dimensional fluid. Therefore, obtained results are of general importance to understand the glass transition, which is an unsolved problem of condensed matter science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Yildirim
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Stöckl Y, Frey W, Lang J, Claasen B, Baro A, Laschat S. Asymmetric Organocatalysis Revisited: Taming Hydrindanes with Jørgensen–Hayashi Catalyst. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic Michael reaction of easily available 1-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds led to cyclopentanecarbaldehydes on a gram scale with low catalyst loading (2 mol%) and high enantioselectivity. The synthetic potential of 4-acylhexahydroindenones from intramolecular aldol condensation was demonstrated by Diels–Alder reaction to a tetracyclic derivative with seven stereogenic centers. The diastereofacial preference of the tetracyclic product was confirmed by DFT calculations. The described reaction sequence is characterized by few redox-economic steps and high degree of molecular complexity.
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49
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Haenle JC, Stöckl Y, Forschner R, Haenle E, Laschat S. Fluorophobic Effect Promoting Lamellar Self-Assembly of Donor Acceptor Dyes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2758-2767. [PMID: 29999251 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To combine liquid crystalline and linear optical properties in the same molecule, the fluorophobic effect was probed for the first time in donor acceptor dyes. Thus, a series of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic donor acceptor dyes with 1H,1H-perfluorinated alkyl chains of different lengths as donor units and nitrile, malononitrile or barbiturate as acceptor units was synthesized in 5 steps and 1.4-6.6 % overall yield. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations revealed that absorption and emission maxima, Stokes shifts and LUMO energies were mainly governed by the chromophore size and acceptor strengths. The perfluorinated chain was electronically almost decoupled from the remaining chromophore and induced only slight changes of the absorption maxima as compared to the alkyl substituted counterparts. However, in contrast to the non-mesomorphic alkyl donor-substituted derivatives, the perfluorinated donors resulted in self-assembly into partially interdigitated SmA bilayers according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) studies and electron density profile calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Stöckl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elena Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwalding 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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50
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Ehni P, Guy K, Ebert M, Beardsworth S, Bader K, Forschner R, Bühlmeyer A, Dumait N, Roiland C, Molard Y, Laschat S. Luminescent liquid crystalline hybrid materials by embedding octahedral molybdenum cluster anions with soft organic shells derived from tribenzo[18]crown-6. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14340-14351. [PMID: 30187902 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crown ethers and their derivatives are versatile building blocks for the design of supramolecular materials. They can be functionalized at will and are well known for their abilities to complex with alkali cations. Here, we show that emissive lanthanide free hybrid materials can be generated by using such building blocks. The organic tribenzo[18]crown-6 central core was functionalized via six-fold Suzuki cross-coupling as a key reaction with three o-terphenyl units which could be converted into their corresponding triphenylenes by the Scholl reaction, leading to novel liquid-crystalline columnar materials. Selected tribenzo[18]crown-6 o-terphenyls could interact with emissive ternary metal cluster compound salts to generate hybrid materials combining the properties of both moieties. Due to synergistic effects and despite the anisometry of the cluster compounds, individual properties such as liquid-crystalline phase stability of the organic part and emission abilities of its inorganic counter-part are enhanced in the hybrid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ehni
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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