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Jobbins W, Cullen RT, Stott T, van IJzendoorn B, Réant BLL, Johnstone TC, Mehta M. Reactivity of Tetrel-Functionalized Heptaphosphane Clusters toward Azides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13807-13814. [PMID: 39012030 PMCID: PMC11289750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the reactivity of tetrel-functionalized phosphorus clusters toward organoazides is probed. Clusters (Me3Si)3P7 (1) and (Me3Ge)3P7 (2) were reacted with benzyl azide, phenyl azide, and 4-bromophenyl azide, and it was found that the [RN] (R = benzyl, phenyl, and 4-bromophenyl) unit from the azide inserted into the phosphorus-tetrel bonds on the cluster, accompanied by N2 elimination. Through control of the azide stoichiometry, the mono-, bis-, and tris-inserted products could be observed, consistent with these insertions proceeding in a stepwise manner. The bonding between the amine moieties and clusters was further investigated by computational chemistry, and the findings were consistent with the phosphorus cluster having undergone a formal oxidation. These insertion reactions are a convenient means of accessing Zintl clusters functionalized with exo-nitrogen-bonded moieties, which, to the best of our knowledge, were previously unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
D. Jobbins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Rory T. Cullen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Thomas Stott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Benjamin L. L. Réant
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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2
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P 4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P 1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205019. [PMID: 35482300 PMCID: PMC9401861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, academic researchers have been intensively studying the chemistry of white phosphorus (P4 ) in the hope of developing direct methods for its transformation into useful P-containing products. This would bypass the hazardous, multistep procedures currently relied on by industry. However, while academically interesting P4 activation reactions have become well established, their elaboration into useful, general synthetic procedures has remained out of reach. Very recently, however, a series of independent reports has begun to change this state of affairs. Each shows how relatively simple and practical synthetic methods can be used to access academically or industrially relevant P1 compounds from P4 directly, in "one pot" or even in a catalytic fashion. These reports mark a step change in the field of P4 chemistry, and suggest its possible transition from an area of largely academic interest to one with the promise of true synthetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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3
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Deka R, Orthaber A. Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8540-8556. [PMID: 35578901 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the first isolable N-heterocyclic carbene in 1991 ushered in a new era in coordination chemistry. The remarkable bonding properties of carbenes have led to their rapid proliferation as auxiliary ligands for a wide range of transition metals and main group elements. In the case of group 15, while carbene-stabilized nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are extensively studied, the scope of research has shrunk significantly from arsenic to bismuth. This is essentially attributed to the decrease in stability of the C-E bond upon descending the group. Even so, modulating the carbene backbone or introducing alternative synthetic strategies not only alleviates the stability issues but also offers promising results in terms of the bonding and reactivities of these compounds. The purpose of the present perspective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins and development of carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as to highlight the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- University of Oxford Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA OXFORD UNITED KINGDOM
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5
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Radius U, Philipp MS. A Versatile Route To Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene‐stabilized Stibinidenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Radius
- Universität Würzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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6
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Donath M, Schwedtmann K, Schneider T, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Direct conversion of white phosphorus to versatile phosphorus transfer reagents via oxidative onioation. Nat Chem 2022; 14:384-391. [PMID: 35379968 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The main feedstock for the value-added phosphorus chemicals used in industry and research is white phosphorus (P4), from which the key intermediate for forming P(III) compounds is PCl3. Owing to its high reactivity, syntheses based on PCl3 are often accompanied by product mixtures and laborious work-up procedures, so an alternative process to form a viable P(III) transfer reagent is desirable. Our concept of oxidative onioation, where white phosphorus is selectively converted into triflate salts of versatile P1 transfer reagents such as [P(LN)3][OTf]3 (LN is a cationic, N-based substituent; that is, 4-dimethylaminopyridinio), provides a convenient alternative for the implementation of P-O, P-N and P-C bonds while circumventing the use of PCl3. We use p-block element compounds of type RnE (for example, Ph3As or PhI) to access weak adducts between nitrogen Lewis bases LN and the corresponding dications [RnELN]2+. The proposed equilibrium between [RnELN]2+ + LN and [RnE(LN)2]2+ allows for the complete oxidative onioation of all six P-P bonds in P4 to yield highly reactive and versatile trications [P(LN)3]3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Donath
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Fujii T, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Imoto H, Naka K. Drastic Enhancement of Photosensitized Energy Transfer Efficiency of a Eu(III) Complex Driven by Arsenic. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8605-8612. [PMID: 34087071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on arsenic as a new potential motif for the ligand design of high-efficiency, luminous lanthanide complexes. A Eu3+ complex bearing triphenylarsine oxide had a photosensitized energy-transfer efficiency 7.9 times higher than that of a Eu3+ complex bearing triphenylphosphine oxide. This is mainly due to the heavy-atom effect of arsenic, which was supported by evaluating the photoluminescence spectra of their corresponding Gd3+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering and Materials Innovation Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering and Materials Innovation Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering and Materials Innovation Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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8
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Abstract
Abstract
This review summarises the experimental and structural knowledge on polycyclic phosphanes, with a focus on bicyclic and tricyclic phosphanes, as they have not only been the most studied in the last 25 years, but also show the greatest diversity in terms of constitutional isomerism and structural motifs. Moreover, only polycyclic phosphanes that have p-block substituents at all free valences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Anorganische Chemie , Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , A.-Einstein-Str. 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Kirill Faust
- Institut für Katalyse, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz , Altenberger Straße 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie , Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock , A.-Einstein-Str. 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
- Materialdesign , Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock , A.-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
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9
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Sakabe M, Sato S. Isolation and Structural Determination of a Hexacoordinated Antimony(V) Dication. Chemistry 2021; 27:5658-5665. [PMID: 33258521 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hexacoordinated antimony(V) dication [(ppy)3 Sb]2+ ([1]2+ ; ppy=2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl), stabilized by three intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions, has been isolated as its hexachloroantimonate salt [1][SbCl6 ]2 , prepared by the oxidative addition of chlorine to the neutral stibine [(ppy)3 Sb] (1), followed by the abstraction of chloride. Air-stable [1][SbCl6 ]2 exhibits remarkable thermal stability and the three ppy ligands on the antimony atom are shown to be magnetically inequivalent in the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. A hexacoordinated, meridional octahedral bonding geometry has been determined for [1][SbCl6 ]2 by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Theoretical calculations were performed to investigate why the meridional form was generated preferentially over the facial form. In addition, the dynamics of the ppy ligands were investigated by variable-temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The potential to generate dications by using a single-electron-transfer reagent has also been investigated. The dication [1]2+ is the first [12-Sb-6]2+ chemical species to have been structurally determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sakabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan
| | - Soichi Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan
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10
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Schoemaker R, Schwedtmann K, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Toward N,P-Doped π-Extended PAHs: A One-Pot Synthesis to Diannulated 1,4,2-Diazaphospholium Triflate Salts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14420-14434. [PMID: 32351111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the one-pot synthesis of diannulated 1,4,2-diazaphospholium triflate salts by a Me3SiOTf-mediated self-condensation of dichlorophosphaneyl aza-(poly)cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-(P)AHs; namely, pyridine, quinoline, phenanthridine, and benzo[d]thiazole) is reported. The diannulated 1,4,2-diazaphospholium triflate salts are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, as well as their calculated NICS values, underlining their aromatic character. Quantum mechanical calculations shed light on the intermolecular reaction mechanism. Follow up chemistry, such as the halogenation reaction with XeF2 or SO2Cl2 with the dipyridinium derivative selectively yields the respective dihalo-σ4,λ5- and tetrahalo-σ5,λ6-diazaphospholium triflate salts. The dihalo-σ4,λ5-diazaphospholium triflate salt serves well as a surrogate for the introduction of the cationic 2-(1,2'-bipyridin)-1-iumyl ligand (1,2'-bipyl), the monocationic structural isomer of the prototypical 2,2'-bipyridine ligand (2,2'-bipy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schoemaker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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11
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Isolation, characterization and reactivity of three-coordinate phosphorus dications isoelectronic to alanes and silylium cations. Nat Chem 2019; 11:1139-1143. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Schwedtmann K, Haberstroh J, Roediger S, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ. Formation of an imidazoliumyl-substituted [(L C) 4P 4] 4+ tetracation and transition metal mediated fragmentation and insertion reaction (L C = NHC). Chem Sci 2019; 10:6868-6875. [PMID: 31391910 PMCID: PMC6640194 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracationic cyclo-tetraphosphane [(LC)4P4]4+ as triflate salt (3[OTf]4) (LC = 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-diisopropyl-imidazol-2-yl) is obtained in high yield from the reduction of [LCPCl2]+ (4[OTf]) with 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (6) and represents the first salt of the cationic cyclo-phosphane series with the general formula [L n P n ] n+. Theoretical calculations reveal the electrophilic nature of the P atoms within the P4-ring due to the influence of the imidazoliumyl-substituents. Further reduction of 3[OTf]4 with 6 affords the unexpected formation of the notricyclane P7-type cation [(LC)3P7]3+ (9[OTf]3). Selective transition metal mediated [2 + 2]-fragmentation of 3 4+ is achieved when 3[OTf]4 is reacted with Fe2(CO)9, Pd(PPh3)4 and Pt(PPh3)4 leading to the formation of the dicationic diphosphene complexes [(η2-LCP[double bond, length as m-dash]PLC)Fe(CO)4]2+ (12[OTf]2) and [(η2-LCP[double bond, length as m-dash]PLC)M(PPh3)2]2+ (13[OTf]2 for M = Pd; 14[OTf]2 for M = Pt). In contrast, the reaction of 3[OTf]4 with an excess of AuCl(tht) gives rise to the formation of the five-membered ring complex [((LC)4P4)AuCl2]3+ (15[OTf]3), where the Au(i) atom reductively inserts into a P-P bond of 3 4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Jan Haberstroh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Sven Roediger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry , Universitat de Illes Balears , 07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , 01062 Dresden , Germany .
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13
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Swidan A, Suter R, Macdonald CLB, Burford N. Tris(benzoimidazol)amine (L) complexes of pnictogen(iii) and pnictogen(v) cations and assessment of the [LP] 3+/[LPF 2] 3+ redox couple. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5837-5841. [PMID: 30079196 PMCID: PMC6050602 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic complexes involving a pnictogen(iii) (Pn = P, As, Sb) centre and the tetradentate ligand tris((1-ethyl-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine (BIMEt3) have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Oxidation of [P(BIMEt3)]3+ with XeF2 provides access to [PF2(BIMEt3)]3+ representing the first structurally characterized example of a phosphorus(v) centred trication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'aeddeen Swidan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ;
| | - Charles L B Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ;
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15
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Hennersdorf F, Frötschel J, Weigand JJ. Selective Derivatization of a Hexaphosphane from Functionalization of White Phosphorus. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14592-14604. [PMID: 28885837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of LGa (L = Dipp(4-(Dipp-imino)pent-2-en-2-yl)amide; Dipp: 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and white phosphorus was revisited. A plethora of unprecedented polyphosphanes in addition to the known monoinserted product LGaP4 (1) are observed. An optimized synthesis of the hitherto unknown hexaphosphane (LGa)2P6 (3) is presented, and its subsequent selective derivatization with Brønsted acids, MeOTf, Ph2ECl (E = P, As), and NaOCP provides access to a wealth of functionalized hexa- and heptaphosphanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Frötschel
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Marquardt C, Balázs G, Baumann J, Virovets AV, Scheer M. Cationic Chains of Parent Arsanylboranes and Substituted Phosphanylboranes. Chemistry 2017; 23:11423-11429. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marquardt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Josef Baumann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander V. Virovets
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia); Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova str. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
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17
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Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ. A Tetracyclic Octaphosphane by Successive Addition, Inversion, and Condensation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hennersdorf
- Professur für Anorganische Molekülchemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Professur für Anorganische Molekülchemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
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18
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Tuscher L, Helling C, Ganesamoorthy C, Krüger J, Wölper C, Frank W, Nizovtsev AS, Schulz S. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Ga-Substituted Distibenes and Sb-Analogues of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane. Chemistry 2017; 23:12297-12304. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tuscher
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Helling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Chelladurai Ganesamoorthy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry; University of Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Anton S. Nizovtsev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Lavrentiev Avenue 3 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova Street 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30 45117 Essen Germany
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Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ. A Tetracyclic Octaphosphane by Successive Addition, Inversion, and Condensation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7858-7862. [PMID: 28475263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An example of an octaphosphane of type R2 P8 (R=(DDP)Ga) was isolated by treatment of cage compound (DDP)GaP4 (2, DDP=(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)(4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent-2-en-2-yl)amide) with (C6 F5 )2 PBr. The initially formed endo-exo butterfly shaped pentaphosphane 7 rapidly rearranges to the more stable exo-exo isomer 8, which undergoes dimerization to decaphosphane 11. Compound 11 unexpectedly eliminates tetraaryldiphosphane 13 to give tetracyclo[3.3.0.02,7 .04,6 ]octaphosphane [(DDP)GaBr]2 P8 (12). The reaction steps were confirmed by crystal structure analysis of the key intermediates and supported by kinetic studies using NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hennersdorf
- Professur für Anorganische Molekülchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Professur für Anorganische Molekülchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Yogendra S, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Fischer R, Weigand JJ. Carbodiphosphorane mediated synthesis of a triflyloxyphosphonium dication and its reactivity towards nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2954-2957. [PMID: 28229147 PMCID: PMC5433424 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbodiphosphorane ((Ph3P)2C) mediated synthesis of the first triflyloxyphosphonium dication (12+) bearing two electrophilic sites is presented. Depending on the nucleophile, 12+ reacts selectively either at the sulfur atom of the triflyloxy moiety or at the directly attached phosphorus atom. In substitution reactions at the phosphorus atom the triflyloxy moiety serves as a leaving group and enables the synthesis of rare examples of pseudo-halophosphonium dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yogendra
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R Fischer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TU Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J J Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Ganesamoorthy C, Krüger J, Wölper C, Nizovtsev AS, Schulz S. Reduction of [Cp*Sb] 4 with Subvalent Main-Group Metal Reductants: Syntheses and Structures of [(L 1 Mg) 4 (Sb 4 )] and [(L 2 Ga) 2 (Sb 4 )] Containing Edge-Missing Sb 4 Units. Chemistry 2017; 23:2461-2468. [PMID: 27921335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
[Cp*Sb]4 (Cp*=C5 Me5 ) reacts with [L1 Mg]2 and L2 Ga with formation of [(L1 Mg)4 (μ4 ,η1:2:2:2 -Sb4 )] (L1 =iPr2 NC[N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 , 1) and [(L2 Ga)2 (μ,η2:2 -Sb4 )] (L2 =HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 , 2). The cleavage of the Sb-Sb and Sb-C bonds in [Cp*Sb]4 are the crucial steps in both reactions. The formation of 1 occurred by elimination of the Cp* anion and formation of Cp*MgL1 , while 2 was formed by reductive elimination of Cp*2 and oxidative addition of L2 Ga to the Sb4 unit. 1 and 2 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their bonding situation was studied by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelladurai Ganesamoorthy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Anton S Nizovtsev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, 45117, Essen, Germany
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22
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Suter R, Sinclair H, Burford N, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Schrader E. Tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine as a versatile ligand for pnictogen acceptors. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7681-7685. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report cationic complexes of arsenic and antimony with the tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine ligand. Chloride ion abstraction from the main group halide using TMSOTf in presence of the ligand gives [P(Pyr)3Pn][OTf]3, in which the trication adopts a Janus Head type complex with a C3v symmetric cage structure and two apical lone pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | | | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | | | | | - Erik Schrader
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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23
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Marquardt C, Kahoun T, Stauber A, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Anionische Ketten der Stammverbindungen der Pnictogenylborane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marquardt
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias Kahoun
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stauber
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russland
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Universität Regensburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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24
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Marquardt C, Kahoun T, Stauber A, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Anionic Chains of Parent Pnictogenylboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14828-14832. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marquardt
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias Kahoun
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stauber
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Universität Regensburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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25
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26
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Dube JW, Zheng Y, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. α-Cationic Arsines: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6869-77. [PMID: 27214007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of structurally differentiated cationic arsines containing imidazolium, cyclopropenium, formamidinium, and pyridinium substituents have been synthesized through short and scalable routes. Evaluation of the donor properties of these compounds by IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveals similar σ-electron-releasing abilities for all of them; however, their π-acceptor properties are strongly influenced by the nature of the positively charged group. We describe the coordination chemistry of the newly prepared α-cationic arsines toward different metal centers and their reactivity in the presence of strong oxidants to afford cationic As(V) species. Their unique electronic properties have been exploited in Pt(II) catalysis to develop a new catalyst with remarkable activity in the cycloisomerization of enynes to trisubstituted cyclopropanes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of α-cationic arsine ligands in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Dube
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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28
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Holthausen MH, Weigand JJ. Formation of the spirocyclic, Si-centered cage cations [ClP(NSiMe3)2Si(NSiMe3)2P5](+) and [P5(NSiMe3)2Si(NSiMe3)2P5](2). Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1953-61. [PMID: 26074340 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On account of our interest in P4 activation by phosphenium ion insertion into P-P bonds we have developed synthetic routes to bicyclic N-P-Si-heterocycle 7 and probed its reactivity towards GaCl3 and P4. A GaCl3-induced rearrangement of 7 leads to the in situ formation of spirocyclic, Si-centered phosphenium ions. Their insertion into P-P bonds of one or two P4 tetrahedra yields polyphosphorus cages [ClP(NSiMe3)2Si(NSiMe3)2P5](+) (19(+)) and [P5(NSiMe3)2Si(NSiMe3)2P5](2+) (13(2+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Holthausen
- TU Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Anorganische Molekülchemie, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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29
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Chitnis SS, Robertson APM, Burford N, Patrick BO, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ. Bipyridine complexes of E 3+ (E = P, As, Sb, Bi): strong Lewis acids, sources of E(OTf) 3 and synthons for E I and E V cations. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6545-6555. [PMID: 30090272 PMCID: PMC6054056 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triflate salts of trications [(bipy)2E]3+ ([6E][OTf]3) and [(tbbipy)2E]3+ ([6′E][OTf]3) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, tbbipy = 4,4′-di-tbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine; E = P, As, Sb, Bi) have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized.
Triflate salts of trications [(bipy)2E]3+ ([6E][OTf]3) and [(tbbipy)2E]3+ ([6′E][OTf]3) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, tbbipy = 4,4′-di-tbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine; E = P, As, Sb, Bi) have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. The unique molecular and electronic structures of this new class of complexes involving pnictogen Lewis acids has been assessed in the solid, solution and gas phases to reveal systematic variations in metric parameters, ligand lability and charge concentration. While the Lewis acidity of E3+ has the trend E = Bi < Sb < As < P as determined by gas-phase calculations and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the Lewis acidity of [6E]3+ has the trend E = P < As < Sb < Bi according to gas-phase calculations. Derivatives of [6′E][OTf]3 (E = P, As) are latent sources of E(OTf)3 as demonstrated by their reactions with dmap, which give the corresponding derivatives of [(dmap)3E][OTf]3. The highly oxidizing nature of P(OTf)3 and As(OTf)3 is evidenced in reactions of [6′E][OTf]3 (E = P, As) with phosphines, which give EI-containing monocations [(R3P)2E]1+ and oxidatively coupled dications [R3PPR3]2+, illustrating new P–P and P–As bond forming strategies. Cations [6′E]3+ (E = P, As) are C–H bond activating agents that dehydrogenate 1,4-cyclohexadiene, with higher activity observed for E = P. Combinations of [6′E]3+ and tBu3P activate H2 and D2 under mild conditions, evidencing frustrated Lewis pair activity. Oxidation of [6′P][OTf]3 with SO2Cl2 gives [(tbbipy)2PCl2][OTf]3, containing a PV-trication, but there is no evidence of the analogous reaction with [6′As][OTf]3. The observations highlight new directions in the chemistry of highly charged cations and reveal a rich reactivity for p-block triflates E(OTf)3, which can be accessed through derivatives of [6E][OTf]3 and [6′E][OTf]3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Alasdair P M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2T2 , Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2T2 , Canada
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30
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Holthausen MH, Bayne JM, Mallov I, Dobrovetsky R, Stephan DW. 1,2-Diphosphonium Dication: A Strong P-Based Lewis Acid in Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-Activations of B–H, Si–H, C–H, and H–H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7298-301. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Holthausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Julia M. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Ian Mallov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
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31
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Chitnis SS, Burford N, Weigand JJ, McDonald R. Reductive Catenation of Phosphine Antimony Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7828-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Robertson APM, Chitnis SS, Jenkins HA, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Burford N. Establishing the Coordination Chemistry of Antimony(V) Cations: Systematic Assessment of Ph4 Sb(OTf) and Ph3 Sb(OTf)2 as Lewis Acceptors. Chemistry 2015; 21:7902-13. [PMID: 25877987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the stiboranes Ph4 Sb(OTf) (1 a, OTf = OSO2 CF3 ) and Ph3 Sb(OTf)2 (3) with Lewis bases has been investigated. The significant steric encumbrance of the Sb center in 1 a precludes interaction with most ligands, but the relatively low steric demands of 4-methylpyridine-N-oxide (OPyrMe) and OPMe3 enabled the characterization of [Ph4 Sb(OPyrMe)][OTf] (2 a) and [Ph4 Sb(OPMe3 )][OTf] (2 b), rare examples of structurally characterized complexes of stibonium acceptors. In contrast, 3 was found to engage a variety of Lewis bases, forming stable isolable complexes of the form [Ph3 Sb(donor)2 ][OTf]2 [donor=OPMe3 (6 a), OPCy3 (6 b, Cy=cyclohexyl), OPPh3 (6 c), OPyrMe (6 d)], [Ph3 Sb(dmap)2 (OTf)][OTf] (6 e, dmap=4-(dimethylamino)pyridine) and [Ph3 Sb(donor)(OTf)][OTf] [donor=1,10-phenanthroline (7 a) or 2,2'-bipy (7 b, bipy=bipyridine)]. These compounds exhibit significant structural diversity in the solid-state, and undergo ligand exchange reactions in line with their assignment as coordination complexes. Compound 3 did not form stable complexes with phosphine donors, with reactions instead leading to redox processes yielding SbPh3 and products of phosphine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair P M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 (Canada)
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