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Keshri SK, Mandal K, Kumar Y, Yadav D, Mukhopadhyay P. Naphthalenediimides with High Fluorescence Quantum Yield: Bright-Red, Stable, and Responsive Fluorescent Dyes. Chemistry 2021; 27:6954-6962. [PMID: 33539577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The naphthalenediimide (NDI) scaffold in contrast to its higher congeners possess low-fluorescence. In spite of elegant synthetic developments, a highly emissive NDI is quite rare to find, as well as, a green-light-emitting NDI is yet to be explored. Herein, we report a novel class of symmetric and asymmetric NH2 -substituted core-NDIs (1-5) with tunable fluorescence in the visible region and extending to the NIR frontier. Importantly, the bis-NH2 -substituted NDI 2 revealed quantum yield, Φ f of ≈81 and ≈68 % in toluene and DMSO, respectively, suggesting versatility of the fluorophore in a wide range of solvent polarity. The dye 1 is shown to be the first NDI-based green-light emitter. The donor piperidine group in 5 diminish the Φ f by 40-fold providing a lever to modulate the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Our synthetic protocol applies a Pd catalyst and a benign hydride source simplifying the non-trivial -NH2 group integration at the NDI-core. TD-DFT calculations predicted strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the excited state in the bulk nonpolar medium and responsiveness to solvent polarity. The maximization of the NDI emission outlined here would further boost the burgeoning repertoire of applications of the NDI scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Keshri
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kalyanashis Mandal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Devendra Yadav
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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2
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Cox RP, Sandanayake S, Langford SJ, Bell TDM. Electron Transfer in a Naphthalene Diimide System Studied by Single-Molecule Delayed Fluorescence. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) is a key chemical reaction in nature and has been extensively studied in bulk systems, but remains challenging to investigate at the single-molecule level. A previously reported naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based system (Higginbotham et al., Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 5061–5063) displays delayed fluorescence with good quantum yield (~0.5) and long-lived (nanoseconds) prompt and delayed fluorescence lifetimes, providing an opportunity to interrogate the underlying ET processes in single molecules. Time-resolved single-molecule fluorescence measurements enabled forward and reverse ET rate constants to be calculated for 45 individual molecules embedded in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film. Interpretation of the results within the framework of Marcus–Hush theory for ET demonstrates that variation in both the electronic coupling and the driving force for ET is occurring from molecule to molecule within the PMMA film and over time for individual molecules.
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3
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Maniam S, Higginbotham HF, Bell TDM, Langford SJ. Harnessing Brightness in Naphthalene Diimides. Chemistry 2019; 25:7044-7057. [PMID: 30675936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of brightly emissive compounds is of great research and commercial interest, with established and emerging applications across chemistry, biology, physics, medicine and engineering. Among the many types of molecules available, naphthalene diimides have been widely used for both fundamental photophysical studies and in practical applications that utilise fluorescence as an information readout. The monomeric naphthalene diimide is weakly fluorescent, however through various methods of core-derivatisation, it can be developed to be highly fluorescent and further functionalised to add utility. In this review, we highlight recent advances made in naphthalene diimide chemistry that have led to development of molecules with improved optical properties, and the design strategies utilised to produce bright fluorescence emission as small molecules or in supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashani Maniam
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Steven J Langford
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, 3122, Australia
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4
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Cox RP, Sandanayake S, Scarborough DLA, Izgorodina EI, Langford SJ, Bell TDM. Investigation of cation binding and sensing by new crown ether core substituted naphthalene diimide systems. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05666h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different modes of cation binding lead to very different optical readouts from two structurally similar sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Cox
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - S. Sandanayake
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- Addtec Pty Ltd
| | | | | | - S. J. Langford
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - T. D. M. Bell
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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5
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Weißenstein A, Grande V, Saha-Möller CR, Würthner F. Water-soluble naphthalene diimides: synthesis, optical properties, and colorimetric detection of biogenic amines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible water-soluble naphthalene diimides (NDIs) were synthesized and a core-dichlorinated NDI was shown to detect primary amines and biogenic diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Grande
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | | | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)
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6
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Hearn KN, Nalder TD, Cox RP, Maynard HD, Bell TDM, Pfeffer FM, Ashton TD. Modular synthesis of 4-aminocarbonyl substituted 1,8-naphthalimides and application in single molecule fluorescence detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12298-12301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Robust 1,8-naphthalimide cross-coupling methodology unlocks access to derivatives with interesting photophysical properties and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Hearn
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - T. D. Nalder
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - R. P. Cox
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - H. D. Maynard
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - T. D. M. Bell
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - F. M. Pfeffer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - T. D. Ashton
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
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7
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Tachapermpon Y, Maniam S, Wanichacheva N, Langford SJ. New Di-, Tri-, and Tetra-Core-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides from Reactions of Allyl Ethers with Lewis Acids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yordkhuan Tachapermpon
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Silpakorn University; Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand
| | - Subashani Maniam
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Nantanit Wanichacheva
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Silpakorn University; Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand
| | - Steven J. Langford
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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8
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Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Latham K, Raynor AM, Bhosale SV. Functional Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11685-11796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Kay Latham
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Raynor
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
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9
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Osaki H, Chou CM, Taki M, Welke K, Yokogawa D, Irle S, Sato Y, Higashiyama T, Saito S, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. A Macrocyclic Fluorophore Dimer with Flexible Linkers: Bright Excimer Emission with a Long Fluorescence Lifetime. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7131-5. [PMID: 27121201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bright fluorescent molecules with long fluorescence lifetimes are important for the development of lifetime-based fluorescence imaging techniques. Herein, a molecular design is described for simultaneously attaining long fluorescence lifetime (τ) and high brightness (ΦF ×ɛ) in a system that features macrocyclic dimerization of fluorescent π-conjugated skeletons with flexible linkers. An alkylene-linked macrocyclic dimer of bis(thienylethynyl)anthracene was found to show excimer emission with a long fluorescence lifetime (τ≈19 ns) in solution, while maintaining high brightness. A comparison with various relevant derivatives revealed that the macrocyclic structure and the length of the alkylene chains play crucial roles in attaining these properties. In vitro time-gated imaging experiments were conducted as a proof-of-principle for the superiority of this macrocyclic fluorophore relative to the commercial fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Osaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Road, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Kai Welke
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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10
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Osaki H, Chou CM, Taki M, Welke K, Yokogawa D, Irle S, Sato Y, Higashiyama T, Saito S, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. A Macrocyclic Fluorophore Dimer with Flexible Linkers: Bright Excimer Emission with a Long Fluorescence Lifetime. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Osaki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National University of Kaohsiung; 700 Kaohsiung University Road Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kai Welke
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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11
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Miros FN, Matile S. Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides: LUMO Levels Revisited, in Comparison with Preylenediimides with Sulfur Redox Switches in the Core. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:219-26. [PMID: 27551658 PMCID: PMC4984407 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Core‐substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs) attract increasing attention to bind, transport, and transform electrons, anions, anionic intermediates, and anionic transition states, and to shine as most colorful rainbow fluorophores. The energy level of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is decisive for many of these applications. Here, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements for a consistent series of NDIs are reported to extract exact LUMO levels under identical conditions. The influence of primary and secondary substituents in the core and on the primary imides is compared with general trends for the reliable prediction of LUMO levels in functional systems. Emphasis is on sulfur redox switches in the NDI core because of their frequent use as isostructural probes for π acidity. The same sulfur redox chemistry is expanded to perylenediimides (PDIs), and LUMO engineering is discussed in a broader context, including also fullerenes, aminonaphthalimides (ANIs), and aminoperyleneimides (APIs). The result is a comprehensive reference table that graphically maps out the LUMO space covered by the leading families of electronaccepting aromatics. This graphical summary of general trends in the π‐acidic space is expected to be both inspiring and quite useful in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François N Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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12
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Zong L, Xie Y, Wang C, Li JR, Li Q, Li Z. From ACQ to AIE: the suppression of the strong π–π interaction of naphthalene diimide derivatives through the adjustment of their flexible chains. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11496-11499. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adjustment of flexible chains can realize the transformation from ACQ to AIE with the tunable packing modes, providing an alternative approach for the inhibition of unwanted π–π stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Zong
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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