1
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Chen D, Lepori C, Guillot R, Gil R, Bezzenine S, Hannedouche J. A Rationally Designed Iron(II) Catalyst for C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408419. [PMID: 38774966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the paramount importance of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) in academia and industry, and the great promise of iron to offer sustainable catalysis, iron-catalyzed SMC involving sp3-hybridized partners is still in its infancy. We herein report the development of a versatile, well-defined electron-deficient anilido-aldimine iron(II) catalyst. This catalyst effectively performed C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp3)-C(sp3) SMC of alkyl halide electrophiles and (hetero)aryl boronic ester and alkyl borane nucleophiles respectively, in the presence of a lithium amide base. These couplings operated under mild reaction conditions and displayed wide functional group compatibility including various medicinally relevant N-, O- and S-based heterocycles. They also tolerated primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), electron-neutral, -rich and -poor boronic esters and primary and secondary alkyl boranes. Our methodology could be directly and efficiently applied to synthesize key intermediates relevant to pharmaceuticals and a potential drug candidate. For C(sp3)-C(sp2) couplings, radical probe experiments militated in favor of a carbon-centered radical derived from the electrophile. At the same time, reactions run with a pre-formed activated boron nucleophile coupled to competition experiments supported the involvement of neutral, rather than an anionic, (hetero)aryl boronic ester in the key transmetalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuang Chen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bezzenine
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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2
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Mills LR, Simmons EM, Lee H, Nester E, Kim J, Wisniewski SR, Pecoraro MV, Chirik PJ. (Phenoxyimine)nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Evidence for a Recovering Radical Chain Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10124-10141. [PMID: 38557045 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phenoxyimine (FI)-nickel(II)(2-tolyl)(DMAP) compounds were synthesized and evaluated as precatalysts for the C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of (hetero)arylboronic acids with alkyl bromides. With 5 mol % of the optimal (MeOMeFI)Ni(Aryl)(DMAP) precatalyst, the scope of the cross-coupling reaction was established and included a variety of (hetero)arylboronic acids and alkyl bromides (>50 examples, 33-97% yield). A β-hydride elimination-reductive elimination sequence from reaction with potassium isopropoxide base, yielding a potassium (FI)nickel(0)ate, was identified as a catalyst activation pathway that is responsible for halogen atom abstraction from the alkyl bromide. A combination of NMR and EPR spectroscopies identified (FI)nickel(II)-aryl complexes as the resting state during catalysis with no evidence for long-lived organic radical or odd-electron nickel intermediates. These data establish that the radical chain is short-lived and undergoes facile termination and also support a "recovering radical chain" process whereby the (FI)nickel(II)-aryl compound continually (re)initiates the radical chain. Kinetic studies established that the rate of C(sp2)-C(sp3) product formation was proportional to the concentration of the (FI)nickel(II)-aryl resting state that captures the alkyl radical for chain propagation. The proposed mechanism involves two key and concurrently operating catalytic cycles; the first involving a nickel(I/II/III) radical propagation cycle consisting of radical capture at (FI)nickel(II)-aryl, C(sp2)-C(sp3) reductive elimination, bromine atom abstraction from C(sp3)-Br, and transmetalation; and the second involving an off-cycle catalyst recovery process by slow (FI)nickel(II)-aryl → (FI)nickel(0)ate conversion for nickel(I) regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Heejun Lee
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eva Nester
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Matthew V Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Mills LR, Di Mare F, Gygi D, Lee H, Simmons EM, Kim J, Wisniewski SR, Chirik PJ. Phenoxythiazoline (FTz)-Cobalt(II) Precatalysts Enable C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Bond-Formation for Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Antagonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313848. [PMID: 37917119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the relative rates of the cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling between the neopentylglycol ester of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid and N-Boc-4-bromopiperidine established that smaller N-alkyl substituents on the phenoxyimine (FI) supporting ligand accelerated the overall rate of the reaction. This trend inspired the design of optimal cobalt catalysts with phenoxyoxazoline (FOx) and phenoxythiazoline (FTz) ligands. An air-stable cobalt(II) precatalyst, (FTz)CoBr(py)3 was synthesized and applied to the cross-coupling of an indole-5-boronic ester nucleophile with a piperidine-4-bromide electrophile that is relevant to the synthesis of reported toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 antagonist molecules including afimetoran. Addition of excess KOMe⋅B(Oi Pr)3 improved catalyst lifetime due to attenuation of alkoxide basicity that otherwise resulted in demetallation of the FI chelate. A first-order dependence on the cobalt precatalyst and a saturation regime in nucleophile were observed, supporting turnover-limiting transmetalation and the origin of the observed trends in N-imine substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Francesca Di Mare
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David Gygi
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Heejun Lee
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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4
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Mills LR, Gygi D, Simmons EM, Wisniewski SR, Kim J, Chirik PJ. Mechanistic Investigations of Phenoxyimine-Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17029-17041. [PMID: 37490763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of phenoxyimine (FI)-cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling was studied using a combination of kinetic measurements and catalytic and stoichiometric experiments. A series of dimeric (FI)cobalt(II) bromide complexes, [(4-CF3PhFI)CoBr]2, [(4-OMePhFI)CoBr]2, and [(2,6-diiPrPhFI)CoBr]2, were isolated and characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies, solution and solid-state magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). One complex, [(4-CF3PhFI)CoBr]2, was explored as a single-component precatalyst for C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Addition of potassium methoxide to [(4-CF3PhFI)CoBr]2 generated the corresponding (FI)cobalt(II) methoxide complex as determined by 1H and 19F NMR and EPR spectroscopies. These spectroscopic signatures were used to identify this compound as the resting state during catalytic C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling. Variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) of in situ catalytic 19F NMR spectroscopic data was used to establish an experimental rate law that was first-order in a (FI)cobalt(II) precatalyst, zeroth-order in the alkyl halide, and first-order in an activated potassium methoxide-aryl boronate complex. These findings are consistent with turnover-limiting transmetalation that occurs prior to activation of the alkyl bromide electrophile. The involvement of boronate intermediates in transmetalation was corroborated by Hammett studies of electronically differentiated aryl boronic esters. Together, a cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) catalytic cycle was proposed that proceeds through a "boronate"-type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David Gygi
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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5
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Sun X, Hansen T, Poater J, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. Rational design of iron catalysts for C-X bond activation. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:495-505. [PMID: 35137432 PMCID: PMC10078697 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied the iron-mediated CX bond activation (X = H, Cl, CH3 ) by d8 -FeL4 complexes using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-OPBE/TZ2P. We find that by either modulating the electronic effects of a generic iron-catalyst by a set of ligands, that is, CO, BF, PH3 , BN(CH3 )2 , or by manipulating structural effects through the introduction of bidentate ligands, that is, PH2 (CH2 )n PH2 with n = 6-1, one can significantly decrease the reaction barrier for the CX bond activation. The combination of both tuning handles causes a decrease of the CH activation barrier from 10.4 to 4.6 kcal mol-1 . Our activation strain and Kohn-Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal that the electronic tuning works via optimizing the catalyst-substrate interaction by introducing a strong second backdonation interaction (i.e., "ligand-assisted" interaction), while the mechanism for structural tuning is mainly caused by the reduction of the required activation strain because of the pre-distortion of the catalyst. In all, we present design principles for iron-based catalysts that mimic the favorable behavior of their well-known palladium analogs in the bond-activation step of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Belli RG, Tafuri VC, Roberts CC. Improving Alkyl–Alkyl Cross-Coupling Catalysis with Early Transition Metals through Mechanistic Understanding and Metal Tuning. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Wong AS, Zhang B, Li B, Neidig ML, Byers JA. Air-Stable Iron-Based Precatalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions between Alkyl Halides and Aryl Boronic Esters. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2461-2472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bufan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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8
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Tinnermann H, Sung S, Csókás D, Toh ZH, Fraser C, Young RD. Alkali Metal Adducts of an Iron(0) Complex and Their Synergistic FLP-Type Activation of Aliphatic C-X Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10700-10708. [PMID: 34251818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation and full characterization of weak adducts between Li+ and Na+ cations and a neutral iron(0) complex, [Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2] (1), supported by weakly coordinating [BArF20] anions, [1·M][BArF20] (M = Li, Na). The adducts are found to synergistically activate aliphatic C-X bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OMs, OTf), leading to the formation of iron(II) organyl compounds of the type [FeR(CO)3(PMe3)2][BArF20], of which several were isolated and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions with the resulting iron(II) organyl compounds show that this system can be utilized for homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions and the formation of new C-E bonds (E = C, H, O, N, S). Further, we utilize [1·M][BArF20] as a catalyst in a simple hydrodehalogenation reaction under mild conditions to showcase its potential use in catalytic reactions. Finally, the mechanism of activation is probed using DFT and kinetic experiments that reveal that the alkali metal and iron(0) center cooperate to cleave C-X via a mechanism closely related to intramolecular FLP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Toh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Craig Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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9
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Deng G, Duan S, Wang J, Chen Z, Liu T, Chen W, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Transition-metal-free allylation of 2-azaallyls with allyl ethers through polar and radical mechanisms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3860. [PMID: 34162867 PMCID: PMC8222226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allylation of nucleophiles with highly reactive electrophiles like allyl halides can be conducted without metal catalysts. Less reactive electrophiles, such as allyl esters and carbonates, usually require a transition metal catalyst to facilitate the allylation. Herein, we report a unique transition-metal-free allylation strategy with allyl ether electrophiles. Reaction of a host of allyl ethers with 2-azaallyl anions delivers valuable homoallylic amine derivatives (up to 92%), which are significant in the pharmaceutical industry. Interestingly, no deprotonative isomerization or cyclization of the products were observed. The potential synthetic utility and ease of operation is demonstrated by a gram scale telescoped preparation of a homoallylic amine. In addition, mechanistic studies provide insight into these C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Tongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Adak L, Hatakeyama T, Nakamura M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Tuned by Bulky Ortho-Phenylene Bisphosphine Ligands. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laksmikanta Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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11
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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12
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Iwasaki M, Kazao Y, Ishida T, Nishihara Y. Synthesis of Oxygen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds by Iron-Catalyzed Alkylative Cyclization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:7343-7347. [PMID: 32870016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed alkylative cyclization of alkenes bearing oxygen nucleophiles with secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides through carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen bond formations has been developed. A broad substrate scope is an attractive feature of this synthetic method, providing a variety of potentially bioactive five- and six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles. The reaction pathway is proposed to involve a radical addition of the in situ-formed alkyl radical to an alkene followed by carbon-oxygen bond-forming intramolecular cyclization.
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13
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Sharma AK, Nakamura M. A DFT Study on Fe I/Fe II/Fe III Mechanism of the Cross-Coupling between Haloalkane and Aryl Grignard Reagent Catalyzed by Iron-SciOPP Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163612. [PMID: 32784472 PMCID: PMC7465158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore plausible reaction pathways of the cross-coupling reaction between a haloalkane and an aryl metal reagent catalyzed by an iron–phosphine complex, we examine the reaction of FeBrPh(SciOPP) 1 and bromocycloheptane employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Besides the cross-coupling, we also examined the competitive pathways of β-hydrogen elimination to give the corresponding alkene byproduct. The DFT study on the reaction pathways explains the cross-coupling selectivity over the elimination in terms of FeI/FeII/FeIII mechanism which involves the generation of alkyl radical intermediates and their propagation in a chain reaction manner. The present study gives insight into the detailed molecular mechanic of the cross-coupling reaction and revises the FeII/FeII mechanisms previously proposed by us and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Sharma
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-774-38-3180
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14
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All-Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11866-11870. [PMID: 32346946 PMCID: PMC7383991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in drug design as surrogates for p-substituted arenes and alkynes. Access to all-carbon disubstituted BCPs via cross-coupling has to date been limited to use of the BCP as the organometallic component, which restricts scope due to the harsh conditions typically required for the synthesis of metallated BCPs. Here we report a general method to access 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs from 1-iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (iodo-BCPs) by direct iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl Grignard reagents. This chemistry represents the first general use of iodo-BCPs as electrophiles in cross-coupling, and the first Kumada coupling of tertiary iodides. Benefiting from short reaction times, mild conditions, and broad scope of the coupling partners, it enables the synthesis of a wide range of 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs including various drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd.Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellRG42 6EYUK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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15
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Jagtap RA, Samal PP, Vinod CP, Krishnamurty S, Punji B. Iron-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Alkylation of Indolines and Benzo[h]quinoline with Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides through Chelation Assistance. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All‐Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd. Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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17
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5392-5397. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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18
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Liu L, Lee W, Yuan M, Acha C, Geherty MB, Williams B, Gutierrez O. Intra- and intermolecular Fe-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3146-3151. [PMID: 34122819 PMCID: PMC8157325 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and implementation of the first (asymmetric) Fe-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular difunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes (VCPs) with alkyl halides and aryl Grignard reagents has been realized via a mechanistically driven approach. Mechanistic studies support the diffusion of alkyl radical intermediates out of the solvent cage to participate in an intra- or intermolecular radical cascade with a range of VCPs followed by re-entering the Fe radical cross-coupling cycle to undergo (stereo)selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation. This work provides a proof-of-concept of the use of vinyl cyclopropanes as synthetically useful 1,5-synthons in Fe-catalyzed conjunctive cross-couplings with alkyl halides and aryl/vinyl Grignard reagents. Overall, we provide new design principles for Fe-mediated radical processes and underscore the potential of using combined computations and experiments to accelerate the development of challenging transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Michael B Geherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
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19
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Crockett MP, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Rational Design of an Iron‐Based Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings Involving Heteroaromatic Boronic Esters and Tertiary Alkyl Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Crockett
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Alexander S. Wong
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of ChemistryBoston College Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon St. Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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20
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Darù A, Hu X, Harvey JN. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Iodides with Alkynes To Yield cis-Olefins: Mechanistic Insights from Computation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1586-1594. [PMID: 32010833 PMCID: PMC6990637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, a new procedure for Z-selective olefin synthesis by reductive coupling of alkyl iodides with terminal alkynes in the presence of iron salts is described. This transformation is representative of many newly developed synthetic routes through the involvement of multiple species and phases, which makes mechanistic insight hard to obtain. Here, we report computational work aimed at exploring the possible reaction pathways. DFT calculations lead to two suggested routes, one involving C-I reduction by metallic zinc and radical addition to the alkyne and the other involving addition of two reduced iron species to the alkyne bond followed by reductive elimination. Comparison to experimental results as well as kinetic modeling is used to discuss the likelihood of these and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Darù
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique
FÉdÉrale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- E-mail:
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21
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Khedkar A, Roemelt M. An ab initio multireference study of reductive eliminations from organoferrates( iii) in the gas-phase: it is all about the spin state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17677-17686. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reductive elimination reaction from organoferrates(iii) of the composition [FeR3R′]− is studied by state-of-the-art multireference electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Khedkar
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
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22
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Kyne SH, Lefèvre G, Ollivier C, Petit M, Ramis Cladera VA, Fensterbank L. Iron and cobalt catalysis: new perspectives in synthetic radical chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8501-8542. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron and cobalt complexes are at the origin of high valuable synthetic pathways involving radical intemediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Kyne
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D
- Chimie ParisTech
- 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie
- FR 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | | | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75252 Paris Cedex 05
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23
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Manjón‐Mata I, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Manjón‐Mata
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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24
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Sandford C, Fries LR, Ball TE, Minteer SD, Sigman MS. Mechanistic Studies into the Oxidative Addition of Co(I) Complexes: Combining Electroanalytical Techniques with Parameterization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18877-18889. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lydia R. Fries
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tyler E. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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25
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Bernauer J, Wu G, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Iron-catalysed allylation-hydrogenation sequences as masked alkyl-alkyl cross-couplings. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31217-31223. [PMID: 35527959 PMCID: PMC9072617 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An iron-catalysed allylation of organomagnesium reagents (alkyl, aryl) with simple allyl acetates proceeds under mild conditions (Fe(OAc)2 or Fe(acac)2, Et2O, r.t.) to furnish various alkene and styrene derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicate the operation of a homotopic catalyst. The sequential combination of such iron-catalysed allylation with an iron-catalysed hydrogenation results in overall C(sp3)-C(sp3)-bond formation that constitutes an attractive alternative to challenging direct cross-coupling protocols with alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Bernauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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26
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Sun X, J. Rocha MV, Hamlin TA, Poater J, Bickelhaupt FM. Understanding the differences between iron and palladium in cross-coupling reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9651-9664. [PMID: 30847454 PMCID: PMC8610147 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We aim at developing design principles, based on quantum chemical analyses, for a novel type of iron-based catalysts that mimic the behavior of their well-known palladium analogs in the bond activation step of cross coupling reactions. To this end, we have systematically explored C-X bond activation via oxidative addition of CH3X substrates (X = H, Cl, CH3) to model catalysts mFe(CO)4q (q = 0, -2; m = singlet, triplet) and, for comparison, Pd(PH3)2 and Pd(CO)2, using relativistic density functional theory at the ZORA-OPBE/TZ2P level. We find that the neutral singlet iron catalyst 1Fe(CO)4 activates all three C-X bonds via barriers that are lower than those for Pd(PH3)2 and Pd(CO)2. This is a direct consequence of the capability of the iron complex to engage not only in π-backdonation, but also in comparably strong σ-donation. Interestingly, whereas the palladium complexes favor C-Cl activation, 1Fe(CO)4 shows a strong preference for activating the C-H bond, with a barrier as low as 10.4 kcal mol-1. Our results suggest a high potential for iron to feature in palladium-type cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcus V. J. Rocha
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry – Departament of Physical Chemistry, Fluminense Federal UniversityOuteiro De São João Baptista24020-141 NiteroiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
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27
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Vogiatzis KD, Polynski MV, Kirkland JK, Townsend J, Hashemi A, Liu C, Pidko EA. Computational Approach to Molecular Catalysis by 3d Transition Metals: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2453-2523. [PMID: 30376310 PMCID: PMC6396130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry provides a versatile toolbox for studying mechanistic details of catalytic reactions and holds promise to deliver practical strategies to enable the rational in silico catalyst design. The versatile reactivity and nontrivial electronic structure effects, common for systems based on 3d transition metals, introduce additional complexity that may represent a particular challenge to the standard computational strategies. In this review, we discuss the challenges and capabilities of modern electronic structure methods for studying the reaction mechanisms promoted by 3d transition metal molecular catalysts. Particular focus will be placed on the ways of addressing the multiconfigurational problem in electronic structure calculations and the role of expert bias in the practical utilization of the available methods. The development of density functionals designed to address transition metals is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the methods that account for solvation effects and the multicomponent nature of practical catalytic systems. This is followed by an overview of recent computational studies addressing the mechanistic complexity of catalytic processes by molecular catalysts based on 3d metals. Cases that involve noninnocent ligands, multicomponent reaction systems, metal-ligand and metal-metal cooperativity, as well as modeling complex catalytic systems such as metal-organic frameworks are presented. Conventionally, computational studies on catalytic mechanisms are heavily dependent on the chemical intuition and expert input of the researcher. Recent developments in advanced automated methods for reaction path analysis hold promise for eliminating such human-bias from computational catalysis studies. A brief overview of these approaches is presented in the final section of the review. The paper is closed with general concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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28
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Neidig ML, Carpenter SH, Curran DJ, DeMuth JC, Fleischauer VE, Iannuzzi TE, Neate PGN, Sears JD, Wolford NJ. Development and Evolution of Mechanistic Understanding in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:140-150. [PMID: 30592421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Kochi in the 1970s, iron has attracted great interest for cross-coupling catalysis due to its low cost and toxicity as well as its potential for novel reactivity compared to analogous reactions with precious metals like palladium. Today there are numerous iron-based cross-coupling methodologies available, including challenging alkyl-alkyl and enantioselective methods. Furthermore, cross-couplings with simple ferric salts and additives like NMP and TMEDA ( N-methylpyrrolidone and tetramethylethylenediamine) continue to attract interest in pharmaceutical applications. Despite the tremendous advances in iron cross-coupling methodologies, in situ formed and reactive iron species and the underlying mechanisms of catalysis remain poorly understood in many cases, inhibiting mechanism-driven methodology development in this field. This lack of mechanism-driven development has been due, in part, to the challenges of applying traditional characterization methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to iron chemistry due to the multitude of paramagnetic species that can form in situ. The application of a broad array of inorganic spectroscopic methods (e.g., electron paramagnetic resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer, and magnetic circular dichroism) removes this barrier and has revolutionized our ability to evaluate iron speciation. In conjunction with inorganic syntheses of unstable organoiron intermediates and combined inorganic spectroscopy/gas chromatography studies to evaluate in situ iron reactivity, this approach has dramatically evolved our understanding of in situ iron speciation, reactivity, and mechanisms in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling over the past 5 years. This Account focuses on the key advances made in obtaining mechanistic insight in iron-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-couplings using simple ferric salts, iron-bisphosphines, and iron- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Our studies of ferric salt catalysis have resulted in the isolation of an unprecedented iron-methyl cluster, allowing us to identify a novel reaction pathway and solve a decades-old mystery in iron chemistry. NMP has also been identified as a key to accessing more stable intermediates in reactions containing nucleophiles with and without β-hydrogens. In iron-bisphosphine chemistry, we have identified several series of transmetalated iron(II)-bisphosphine complexes containing mesityl, phenyl, and alkynyl nucleophile-derived ligands, where mesityl systems were found to be unreliable analogues to phenyls. Finally, in iron-NHC cross-coupling, unique chelation effects were observed in cases where nucleophile-derived ligands contained coordinating functional groups. As with the bisphosphine case, high-spin iron(II) complexes were shown to be reactive and selective in cross-coupling. Overall, these studies have demonstrated key aspects of iron cross-coupling and the utility of detailed speciation and mechanistic studies for the rational improvement and development of iron cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel J. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joshua C. DeMuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E. Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Theresa E. Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Peter G. N. Neate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nikki J. Wolford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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29
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Yamane Y, Yoshinaga K, Sumimoto M, Nishikata T. Iron-Enhanced Reactivity of Radicals Enables C–H Tertiary Alkylations for Construction of Functionalized Quaternary Carbons. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamane
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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30
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Werncke CG, Pfeiffer J, Müller I, Vendier L, Sabo-Etienne S, Bontemps S. C-Halide bond cleavage by a two-coordinate iron(i) complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1757-1765. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The two-coordinate iron(i) complex [FeI(N(SiMe3)2)2]− is highly efficient in the cleavage of C-halide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Pfeiffer
- Philipps-University Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - I. Müller
- Philipps-University Marburg
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - L. Vendier
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - S. Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - S. Bontemps
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
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31
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Electronic and Steric Effects on the Reductive Elimination of Anionic Arylferrate(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:16342-16347. [PMID: 29969518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Arylferrate(III) complexes Ph3 FeR- (R=para- and ortho-substituted aryl) are proposed as model systems for the in-depth investigation of reductive eliminations from organoiron(III) species. Electrospray ionization transfers the arylferrate complexes prepared in situ from solution into the gas phase, where mass selection ensures a well-defined population of reactant ions. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, the arylferrate complexes undergo reductive elimination of the cross-coupling product PhR as well as the homo-coupling product Ph2 . The measured branching ratios between the two competing reaction channels are used to construct a Hammett plot, which shows that electron-donating aryl groups R favor the formation of the cross-coupling product. In this way, the complexes avoid the build-up of too much electron density at the iron center during the reductive elimination. ortho Substitution in R increases the fraction of the homo-coupling product, presumably by hindering the approach between the two aryl groups participating in the reductive elimination. The obtained mechanistic insight substantially advances our understanding of one of the central elementary steps of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Domingo-Legarda P, Soler-Yanes R, Quirós-López MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Iron-Catalyzed Coupling of Propargyl Bromides and Alkyl Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domingo-Legarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rita Soler-Yanes
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós-López
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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33
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Crockett MP, Tyrol CC, Wong AS, Li B, Byers JA. Iron-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions between Alkyl Halides and Unactivated Arylboronic Esters. Org Lett 2018; 20:5233-5237. [PMID: 30132330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides and arylboronic esters was developed that does not involve activation of the boronic ester with alkyllithium reagents nor requires magnesium additives. A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that lithium amide bases coupled with iron complexes containing deprotonated cyanobis(oxazoline) ligands were best to obtain high yields (up to 89%) in catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic investigations implicate carbon-centered radical intermediates and highlight the critical importance of avoiding conditions that lead to iron aggregates. The new iron-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was applied toward the shortest reported synthesis of the pharmaceutical Cinacalcet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Chet C Tyrol
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Alexander S Wong
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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34
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Parchomyk T, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Koszinowski K. Oxidation States, Stability, and Reactivity of Organoferrate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9709-9720. [PMID: 29991250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have applied a combination of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, electrical conductivity measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to identify and characterize the organoferrate species R nFe m- formed upon the transmetalation of iron precursors (Fe(acac)3, FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OAc)2) with Grignard reagents RMgX (R = Me, Et, Bu, Hex, Oct, Dec, Me3SiCH2, Bn, Ph, Mes, 3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3; X = Cl, Br) in tetrahydrofuran. The observed organoferrates show a large variety in their aggregation (1 ≤ m ≤ 8) and oxidation states (I to IV), which are chiefly determined by the nature of their organyl groups R. In numerous cases, the addition of a bidentate amine or phosphine changes the distributions of organoferrates and affects their stability. Besides undergoing efficient intermolecular exchange processes, several of the probed organoferrates react with organyl (pseudo)halides R'X (R' = Et, iPr, Bu, Ph, p-Tol; X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) to afford heteroleptic complexes of the type R3FeR'-. Gas-phase fragmentation of most of these complexes results in reductive eliminations of the coupling products RR' (or, alternatively, of R2). This finding indicates that iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions may proceed via such heteroleptic organoferrates R3FeR'- as intermediates. Gas-phase fragmentation of other organoferrate complexes leads to β-hydrogen eliminations, the loss of arenes, and the expulsion of organyl radicals. The operation of both one- and two-electron processes is consistent with previous observations and contributes to the formidable complexity of organoiron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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35
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Ma E, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Qi L, Yan X, Li Z. Salicylate‐Directed C−O Bond Cleavage: Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Grignard Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enlu Ma
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Longying Qi
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
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36
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Lee W, Zhou J, Gutierrez O. Mechanism of Nakamura’s Bisphosphine-Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reaction: The Role of Spin in Controlling Arylation Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16126-16133. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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37
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed C-O Bond Activation: Opportunity for Sustainable Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3964-3981. [PMID: 28840648 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as some of the most valuable cross-coupling partners in organic synthesis due to several major strategic and environmental benefits, such as abundance and potential to avoid toxic halide waste. In this context, iron-catalyzed C-O activation/cross-coupling holds particular promise to achieve sustainable catalytic protocols due to its natural abundance, inherent low toxicity, and excellent economic and ecological profile. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of new methods for functional-group-tolerant iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions by selective C-O cleavage. These methods establish highly attractive alternatives to traditional cross-coupling reactions by using halides as electrophilic partners. In particular, new easily accessible oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as substrates in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which significantly broaden the scope of this catalysis platform. New mechanistic manifolds involving iron catalysis have been established; thus opening up vistas for the development of a wide range of unprecedented reactions. The synthetic potential of this sustainable mode of reactivity has been highlighted by the development of new strategies in the construction of complex motifs, including in target synthesis. The most recent advances in sustainable iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of C-O-based electrophiles are reviewed, with a focus on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic utility. It should be noted that this catalytic manifold provides access to motifs that are often not easily available by other methods, such as the assembly of stereodefined dienes or C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-couplings, thus emphasizing the synthetic importance of this mode of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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38
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Antonacci G, Ahlburg A, Fristrup P, Norrby PO, Madsen R. Manganese-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides and Grignard Reagents by a Radical Mechanism. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antonacci
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Andreas Ahlburg
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peter Fristrup
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Clémancey M, Cantat T, Blondin G, Latour JM, Dorlet P, Lefèvre G. Structural Insights into the Nature of Fe0 and FeI Low-Valent Species Obtained upon the Reduction of Iron Salts by Aryl Grignard Reagents. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3834-3848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Clémancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM/PMB and CEA, BIG/CBM/PMB and CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, PMB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- Institute
for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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40
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Solution and Gas-Phase Reactivity of Me12
Fe8
−
and Related Cluster Ions. Chemistry 2017; 23:3213-3219. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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41
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Ate Complexes in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:15609-15613. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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42
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings Using Organometallics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:49. [PMID: 27573401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as an important tool for the formation of C-C bonds. A wide variety of alkenyl, aryl, and alkyl (pseudo)halides have been coupled to organometallic reagents, the most currently used being Grignard reagents. Particular attention has been devoted to the development of iron catalysts for the functionalization of alkyl halides that are generally challenging substrates in classical cross-couplings. The high functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed cross-couplings has encouraged organic chemists to use them in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Even if some points remain obscure, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling and several hypotheses have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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43
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Tindall DJ, Krause H, Fürstner A. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1-Alkynylcyclopropyl Tosylates and Related Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helga Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Legros
- Normandie Université COBRA UMR 6014 Université Rouen INSA Rouen and CNRS 1 rue Lucien Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- CNRS BioCIS UMR 8076 Labex LERMIT Université Paris Sud and CNRS 5 rue J. B. Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
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45
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Jacobs BP, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. Oxidatively Triggered Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Ene-amide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4223-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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46
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Mao J, Yan H, Rong G, He Y, Zhang G. The Application of Copper/Iron Cocatalysis in Cross-Coupling Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1096-105. [PMID: 27027733 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For conventional cross-couplings in organic chemistry, precious metal (such as Pd or Rh) complexes have been the preferable choices as catalysts. However, their high cost, toxicity, and potential contamination of products limit their massive applications on some occasions, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where close monitoring of the metal contamination of products is required. Therefore, the use of metals that are less expensive and less toxic than Pd or Rh can be greatly advantageous and earth abundant metal (such Fe or Cu) catalysts have shown promise for replacing the precious metals. Interestingly, a certain copper catalyst combined with an iron catalyst displays higher catalytic efficiency than itself in various coupling reactions. Notably, ligand-free conditions make such protocols more useful and practical in many cases. In this account, we summarize the recent progress made in this increasingly attractive topic by describing successful examples, including our own work in the literature, regarding effective copper/iron cocatalysis. In addition, a few examples involving a magnetic and readily recyclable CuFe2 O4 nanoparticle cocatalyst are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College and The Graduate Center The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
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47
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Kessler SN, Bäckvall JE. Iron-catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Propargyl Carboxylates and Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Substituted Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3734-8. [PMID: 26890161 PMCID: PMC4797716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a mild, facile, and efficient iron-catalyzed synthesis of substituted allenes from propargyl carboxylates and Grignard reagents. Only 1-5 mol % of the inexpensive and environmentally benign [Fe(acac)3 ] at -20 °C was sufficient to afford a broad range of substituted allenes in excellent yields. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Kessler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden.
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48
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Kessler SN, Bäckvall JE. Iron-catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Propargyl Carboxylates and Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Substituted Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Kessler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
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49
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Hikawa H, Mori Y, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I. A Radical Pathway for Direct Substitution of Benzyl Alcohols with Water-Soluble Copper Catalyst in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Cassani C, Bergonzini G, Wallentin CJ. Active Species and Mechanistic Pathways in Iron-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cassani
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giulia Bergonzini
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
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