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Fernando EHN, Cortes Vazquez J, Davis J, Luo W, Nesterov VN, Wang H. Can Primary Arylamines Form Enamine? Evidence, α-Enaminone, and [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14617-14626. [PMID: 34610241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of enamine from primary arylamines was detected and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The presence of a radical quencher, e.g., (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl, was found to be essential for the detection of enamine formation. A direct synthesis of α-enaminones from primary arylamines and ketones was also developed. Mechanistic investigation of α-enaminone formation suggests that an amine radical cation generated through O2 singlet energy transfer was involved in initiating α-enaminone formation. The reactivity and utility of α-enaminones were explored with a [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of enones affording dihydropyridines in good yields (58-85%). α-Enaminones displayed a set of reactivities that is different from that of enamines. The knowledge gained in this work advances our basic understanding of organic chemistry, providing insights and new opportunities in enamine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Nisala Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jose Cortes Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jacqkis Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Weiwei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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2
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Li Z, Zhou H, Xu J. Access to Chiral Polycyclic 1,4-Dihydropyridines via Organocatalytic Formal [3 + 3] Annulation of 2-(1-Alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with 3-Aminobenzofurans. Org Lett 2021; 23:6391-6395. [PMID: 34369778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rational designed tandem reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with 3-aminobenzofurans enabled by a chiral bifunctional catalyst is described, affording biologically significant polycyclic 1,4-dihydropyridines in moderate to good yields (43-82%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (83-99%). This formal [3 + 3] annulation reaction reveals good practicality when conducted on a gram scale, and the cycloadduct has the capability for further elaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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3
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Chen L, Zhang Z, Zu L. Organocatalytic Hantzsch Type Reaction Using Aryl Hydrazines, Propiolic Acid Esters and Enals: Enantioselective Synthesis of Paroxetine. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis of chiral 1,4-dihydropyridines and their fused analogues. 1,4-Dihydropyridines are among the most active calcium antagonists that are used for the treatment of hypertension. Enantiomers of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines often show different biological activities and may have even an opposite action profile. Hantzsch synthesis usually produces racemic mixtures of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines. Therefore, the development of stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Over the years, numerous methodologies have been developed for the production of enantiopure 1,4-dihydropyridines, such as stereoselective synthesis using chiral auxiliaries and chiral cyclocondensation partners, chromatographical methods, resolution of diastereomeric 1,4-dihydropyridine salts, enzyme catalysed kinetic resolution, or asymmetrisation of ester groups of 1,4-dihydropyridines. These approaches have been studied in detail and are relatively well established. The catalytic asymmetric approach holds the greatest promise in delivering the most practical and widely applicable methods. Substantial progress has been made toward the development of enantioselective organocatalytic methods for the construction of the chiral dihydropyridines. However, most of them do not provide a convenient way to pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates. Organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrisation of prochiral 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehydes also has great promise in the synthesis of pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates.
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Luo W, Sun Z, Fernando EHN, Nesterov VN, Cundari TR, Wang H. Formal oxo- and aza-[3 + 2] reactions of α-enaminones and quinones: a double divergent process and the roles of chiral phosphoric acid and molecular sieves. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9386-9394. [PMID: 34094204 PMCID: PMC8162164 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A double divergent process has been developed for the reaction of α-enaminones with quinones through facile manipulation of catalyst and additive, leading to structurally completely different products. The two divergent processes, which involve formal aza- and oxo-[3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, are mediated by chiral phosphoric acid and molecular sieves, respectively. While inclusion of phosphoric acid in the reaction switched the reaction pathway to favor the efficient formation of a wide range of N-substituted indoles, addition of 4 Å molecular sieves to the reaction switched the reaction pathway again, leading to enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans in excellent yields and enantioselectivities under mild conditions. Studies in this work suggest that the chiral phosphoric acid acts to lower the transition state energy and promote the formation of amide intermediate for the formal aza-[3 + 2] cycloaddition and the molecular sieves serve to facilitate proton transfer for oxo-[3 + 2] cycloaddition. The reactivity of α-enaminones is also disclosed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | | | | | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
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6
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Hollow organic polymeric nano-bowls-supported BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid: enhanced catalytic performances in the enantioselective allylation of aromatic aldehydes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Ramos LM, Rodrigues MO, Neto BAD. Mechanistic knowledge and noncovalent interactions as the key features for enantioselective catalysed multicomponent reactions: a critical review. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7260-7269. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This critical short review focuses on some key features which determine successful enantioselective catalysed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and are typically underappreciated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Ramos
- Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | | | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília
- Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brasília
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Parmar D, Sugiono E, Raja S, Rueping M. Addition and Correction to Complete Field Guide to Asymmetric BINOL-Phosphate Derived Brønsted Acid and Metal Catalysis: History and Classification by Mode of Activation; Brønsted Acidity, Hydrogen Bonding, Ion Pairing, and Metal Phosphates. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10608-10620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Auria-Luna F, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Auria-Luna
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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10
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Sha Q, Arman H, Doyle MP. Asymmetric synthesis of 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones from 2,3-diketoesters by combination of aldol condensation with benzilic acid rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:108-11. [PMID: 26498040 PMCID: PMC4679521 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07780j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient two-step protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one derivatives in 99% ee from conveniently accessed 2,3-diketoesters has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
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