1
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Zhou Q, Xu Z, Li K, Tian X, Ye L, Sun Z. Synthesis and Properties of a Strained Triple Nanohoop. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301131. [PMID: 38721778 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A strained triple nanohoop with a shared central benzene unit is synthesized using a threefold intramolecular ring-closing approach. Among the five possible constitutional isomers, the isomer with the highest D3h symmetry is isolated, the structure of which contains three nanohoop blades and a central hexaphenylbenzene unit. The structure is elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The optical and electrochemical properties are investigated, revealing a moderate fluorescence quantum yield of 40 %. A water-soluble nanomaterial is prepared using a nanoparticle encapsulation method, and a fluorescence quantum yield of 10 % is retained, which demonstrates the potential of the nanomaterial in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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2
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Zhao J, Xu J, Huang H, Wang K, Wu D, Jasti R, Xia J. Appending Coronene Diimide with Carbon Nanohoops Allows for Rapid Intersystem Crossing in Neat Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400941. [PMID: 38458974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative triplet materials plays a significant role in various applications. Although effective tuning of triplet formation by intersystem crossing (ISC) has been well established in solution, the modulation of ISC processes in the solid state remains a challenge due to the presence of other exciton decay channels through intermolecular interactions. The cyclic structure of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) offers a unique platform to tune the intermolecular packing, which leads to controllable exciton dynamics in the solid state. Herein, by integrating an electron deficient coronene diimide (CDI) unit into the CPP framework, a donor-acceptor type of conjugated macrocycle (CDI-CPP) featuring intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) interaction was designed and synthesized. Effective intermolecular CT interaction resulting from a slipped herringbone packing was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Transient spectroscopy studies showed that CDI-CPP undergoes ISC in both solution and the film state, with triplet generation time constants of 4.5 ns and 238 ps, respectively. The rapid triplet formation through ISC in the film state can be ascribed to the cooperation between intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. Our results highlight that intermolecular CT interaction has a pronounced effect on the ISC process in the solid state, and shed light on the use of the characteristic structure of CPPs to manipulate intermolecular CT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
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3
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Yoshigoe Y, Shimada H, Takaki T, Imai Y, Saito S. Synthesis and Isolation of a Homochiral Nanohoop Composed of a Tröger's Base and Hexaparaphenylene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304059. [PMID: 38230745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new nanohoop containing a stereogenic Tröger's base skeleton tethered to a curved hexaparaphenylene ([6]CPP) is reported. The TB[6]CPP nanohoop possesses a stable C2 symmetrical structure, which promotes the allowed transition that gives rise to pale blue emission with a quantum yield of ~0.69, surpassing the value of the more symmetrical [8]CPP. Moreover, TB[6]CPP shows chiroptical properties including circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence with a moderate dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of ~2.1×10-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Takaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinich Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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4
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Al-Owaedi OA. Carbon Nanohoops: Multiple Molecular Templates for Exploring Spectroscopic, Electronic, and Thermoelectric Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10610-10620. [PMID: 38463279 PMCID: PMC10918671 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A combination of density functional theory (DFT) methods and quantum transport theory (QTT) has been used to investigate the spectroscopic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of carbon nanohoop molecules with different molecular templates. The connectivity type, along with inherent strain, impacts the transport behavior and creates a destructive quantum interference (DQI), which proves itself to be a powerful strategy to enhance the thermoelectric properties of these molecules, making them promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.
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5
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Bliksted Roug Pedersen V, Price TW, Kofod N, Zakharov LN, Laursen BW, Jasti R, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Synthesis and Properties of Fluorenone-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Late-Stage Transformation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303490. [PMID: 37930279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the smallest possible armchair carbon nanotubes, the properties of which strongly depend on their ring size. They can be further tuned by either peripheral functionalization or by replacing phenylene rings for other aromatic units. Here we show how four novel donor-acceptor chromophores were obtained by incorporating fluorenone or 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)malononitrile into the loops of two differently sized CPPs. Synthetically, we managed to perform late-stage functionalization of the fluorenone-based rings by high-yielding Knoevenagel condensations. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses, which revealed that replacing a phenylene for a fused-ring-system acceptor introduces additional strain. The donor-acceptor characters of the CPPs were supported by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies, electrochemical studies (displaying the CPPs as multi-redox systems undergoing reversible or quasi-reversible redox events), as well as by computations. The oligophenylene parts were found to comprise the electron donor units of the macrocycles and the fluorenone parts the acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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6
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Ypsilantis K, Sifnaiou E, Garypidou A, Kordias D, Magklara A, Garoufis A. Ruthenium-Cyclopentadienyl-Cycloparaphenylene Complexes: Sizable Multicharged Cations Exhibiting High DNA-Binding Affinity and Remarkable Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:514. [PMID: 38276592 PMCID: PMC10818589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Two novel sizable multicharged cationic complexes, of the formulae [(η6--[12]CPP)[Ru(η5--Cp)]12]Χ12 and [(η6--[11]CPP)[Ru(η5--Cp)]11]Χ11, CPP = cycloparaphenylene, Cp = cyclopentadienyl, X = [PF6]-, (1), (3) and [Cl]-, (2), (4), were synthesized and characterized using NMR techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. Complexes (1) and (3) were stable in acetone and acetonitrile solutions over 48 h. In contrast, the water-soluble (2) and (4) begin to decompose in aqueous media after 1 h, due to the [Cl]- tendency for nucleophilic attack on ruthenium of the {Ru(η5--Cp)} units. Fluorescence quenching experiments conducted during the stability window of (2) with the d(5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3')2-EtBr adducts revealed remarkably high values for Ksv = 1.185 × 104 ± 0.025 M-1 and Kb = 3.162 × 105 ± 0.001 M-1. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of (2) against A2780, A2780res, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines shows that it is highly cytotoxic with IC50 values in the range of 4.76 ± 1.85 to 16 ± 0.81 μΜ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ypsilantis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.Y.); (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Evangelia Sifnaiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.Y.); (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonia Garypidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.Y.); (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Kordias
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.K.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.K.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.Y.); (E.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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7
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Murugan G, Julietraja K, Alsinai A. Computation of Neighborhood M-Polynomial of Cycloparaphenylene and Its Variants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49165-49174. [PMID: 38162762 PMCID: PMC10753576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the domains of materials and chemical and physical sciences, a significant aspiration is to design and synthesize extensively conjugated macrocycles possessing precisely defined structures. This objective bears substantial promise across a wide range of scientific and technological fields. These molecules offer a unique blend of structural complexity and electronic properties that make them particularly intriguing for both theoretical and practical reasons. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) radial π-conjugated macrocycles is a specific example of a conjugated macrocycle that has garnered significant attention in the field of chemistry and materials science. It consists of a series of benzene rings linked together in a cyclic arrangement, forming a one-dimensional structure. CPP systems have been on the rise due to their novel and captivating characteristics, encompassing properties, such as electronic properties, heightened electrical conductivity, optoelectronic traits, and mechanical properties. Given the potential applications of CPP, it becomes essential to analyze this structure from a theoretical standpoint. Molecular descriptors play a crucial role in the theoretical analysis of such structures. Research on molecular descriptors has unequivocally demonstrated their significant correlation with the diverse properties of chemical compounds. This article illustrates the neighborhood sum M-polynomial-based descriptors' calculation using edge-partition techniques for CPP and its sidewalls consisting of pyrene and hexabenzocoronene units. The examination of these neighborhood sum M-polynomial-based descriptors for these structures has the potential to establish a foundational framework for delving deeper into CPP and its associated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhan Murugan
- Department
of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, India
| | - Konsalraj Julietraja
- Department
of Mathematics, School of Engineering, Presidency
University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ammar Alsinai
- Department
of Mathematics, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
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8
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Ari D, Dureau E, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C, Quinton C. Modulation of [8]CPP properties by bridging two phenylene units. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38014495 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of two new fluorophores, consisting of a [8]cyclo-para-phenylene core in which two phenylenes are bridged by either a nitrogen atom or a carbonyl group. The nitrogen bridge increases the HOMO-LUMO gap, whereas the carbonyl bridge decreases it. These results provide guidelines to control the electronic properties of nanohoops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Ari
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Elodie Dureau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
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9
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Griwatz JH, Kessler ML, Wegner HA. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cycloparaphenylene Building Blocks on a Large Scale. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302173. [PMID: 37534817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and similar nanohoops is usually based on combining building blocks to a macrocyclic precursor, which is then aromatized in the final step. Access to those building blocks in large amounts will simplify the synthesis and studies of CPPs as novel functional materials for applications. Herein, we report a continuous-flow synthesis of key CPP building blocks by using versatile synthesis techniques such as electrochemical oxidation, lithiations and Suzuki cross-couplings in self-built reactors on up-to kilogram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Griwatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mika L Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Ishibashi H, Rondelli M, Shudo H, Maekawa T, Ito H, Mizukami K, Kimizuka N, Yagi A, Itami K. Noncovalent Modification of Cycloparaphenylene by Catenane Formation Using an Active Metal Template Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310613. [PMID: 37608514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The active metal template (AMT) strategy is a powerful tool for the formation of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as rotaxanes and catenanes, allowing the synthesis of a variety of MIMs, including π-conjugated and multicomponent macrocycles. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) is an emerging molecule characterized by its cyclic π-conjugated structure and unique properties. Therefore, diverse modifications of CPPs are necessary for its wide application. However, most CPP modifications require early stage functionalization and the direct modification of CPPs is very limited. Herein, we report the synthesis of a catenane consisting of [9]CPP and a 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycle as a new CPP analogue that contains a reliable synthetic scaffold enabling diverse and concise post-modification. Following the AMT strategy, the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane was successfully synthesized through Ni-mediated aryl-aryl coupling. Catalytic C-H borylation/cross-coupling and metal complexation of the bipyridine macrocycle moiety, an effective post-functionalization method, were also demonstrated with the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane forms a tridentated complex with an Ag ion inside the CPP ring. This interaction significantly enhances the phosphorescence lifetime through improved intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayasu Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Manuel Rondelli
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Hou B, Li K, He H, Hu J, Xu Z, Xiang Q, Wang P, Chen X, Sun Z. Stable Crystalline Nanohoop Radical and Its Self-Association Promoted by van der Waals Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301046. [PMID: 36754831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A stable nanohoop radical (OR3) combining the structures of cycloparaphenylene and an olympicenyl radical is synthesized and isolated in the crystalline state. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that OR3 forms a unique head-to-tail dimer that further aggregates into a one-dimensional chain in the solid state. Variable-temperature NMR and concentration-dependent absorption measurements indicate that the π-dimer is not formed in solution. An energy decomposition analysis indicates that van der Waals interactions are the driving force for the self-association process, in contrast with other olympicenyl derivatives that favor π-dimerization. The physical properties in solution phase have been studied, and the stable cationic species obtained by one-electron chemical oxidation. This study offers a new molecular design to modulate the self-association of organic radicals for overcoming the spin-Peierls transition, and to prepare novel nanohoop compounds with spin-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Hou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huijie He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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12
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Terabayashi T, Kayahara E, Zhang Y, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Nishinaga T, Kato T, Yamago S. Synthesis of Twisted [n]Cycloparaphenylene by Alkene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214960. [PMID: 36349975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mono-alkene-inserted [n]cycloparaphenylenes 1 [(ene)-[n]CPP] with n=6, 8, and 10, mono-ortho-phenylene-inserted [6]CPP 2, and di-alkene-insertved [n]CPP 3 [(ene)2 -[n]CPP] with n=4, 6, and 8 were synthesized by fusing CPP precursors and alkene or ortho- phenylene groups through coupling reactions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the strips formed by the π-surfaces of 1 and 2 exhibited a Möbius topology in the solid state. While the Möbius topology in the parent 1 and 2 in solution was lost due to the free rotation of the paraphenylene unit even at low temperatures, ene-[6]CPP 4 with eight 1-pyrrolyl groups preserved the Möbius topology even in solution. Despite a twist, 1 has in-plane conjugation and possesses a unique size dependence of the electronic properties: namely, the opposite size dependency of the HOMO-LUMO energy relative to conventional π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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13
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Bu A, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Covalent Template Strategy for All‐Benzene Catenane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209449. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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14
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Prabhu S, Murugan G, Therese SK, Arulperumjothi M, Siddiqui MK. Molecular Structural Characterization of Cycloparaphenylene and its Variants. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1942082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Murugan
- Department of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kulandai Therese
- Department of Mathematics, St. Mary’s College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Boillat M, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208591. [PMID: 35856293 PMCID: PMC9543836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the first helicene carbon nanoohop that integrates a [6]helicene into [7]cycloparaphenylene. The [6]helicene endows the helicene carbon nanohoop with chiroptical properties and configurational stability typical for higher helicenes, while the radially conjugated seven para‐phenylenes largely determine the optoelectronic properties. The structure of the helicene carbon nanoohop was unambiguously characterized by NMR, MS and X‐ray analysis that revealed that it possesses a topology of a Möbius strip in the solid state and in solution. The chirality transfers from the [6]helicene to the para‐phenylenes and leads to a pronounced circular dichroism and bright circularly polarized luminescence, which is affected by the structural topology of the nanohoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Marc‐Aurèle Boillat
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharamaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
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16
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Bu A, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Conjugated Covalent Template Strategy for All‐Benzene Catenane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CHINA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Huan Cong
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials No.29 Zhongguancun East Road 100190 Beijing CHINA
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17
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora-Fuentes JP, Boillat MA, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Juan P. Mora-Fuentes
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | | | | | - Daniel Häussinger
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
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18
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Wang L, Nagashima Y, Abekura M, Uekusa H, Konishi G, Tanaka K. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cycloaromatization Route to Cycloparaphenylenes that Exhibit Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200064. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Masato Abekura
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Gen‐ichi Konishi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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19
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Peterson E, Maust RL, Jasti R, Kertesz M, Tovar JD. Splitting the Ring: Impact of Ortho and Meta Pi Conjugation Pathways through Disjointed [8]Cycloparaphenylene Electronic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4611-4622. [PMID: 35245032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the synthesis and electronic properties of small-molecule and polymeric [8]cycloparaphenylenes ([8]CPPs) with disjointed pi-conjugated substituents. Arylene-ethynylene linkers were installed on opposite sides of the [8]CPP nanohoop as separated by three phenyl units on either side such that the monomer systems have syn (C2 symmetry) and anti (C1 symmetry) conformers with a small energy gap (0.1-0.6 kcal/mol). This disjoined substitution pattern necessarily forces delocalization through and around the CPP radial structure. We demonstrate new electronic states from this radial/linear mixing in both the small molecules and the pi extended polymers. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that these electronic processes arise from multiple operative radial/linear conjugation pathways, as the disjoint pattern results in both ortho and meta connections to the CPP ring. These results affirm the unique nature of hybrid radial and linear pi electron delocalization operative in these new conjugation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ruth L Maust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Chemistry Department and Institute of Soft Matter, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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20
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Volkmann J, Kohrs D, Bernt F, Wegner HA. Synthesis of a Substituted [10]Cycloparaphenylene through [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Volkmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Material Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Daniel Kohrs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Material Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Felix Bernt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Material Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Material Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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21
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Chen H, Shao M, Li H, Liu H, Wei WM, Zheng RH, Song M, Liu R, Lu D. Modular synthesis, racemization pathway, and photophysical properties of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The racemization pathways of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes analysed by transition-state calculations (TS) revealed size-dependent rotation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Shao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Mei Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
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22
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Chen H, Xia Z, Miao Q. Synthesis, Aromatization and Cavitates of an Oxanorbornene-Fused Dibenzo[de, qr]tetracene Nanobox. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2280-2285. [PMID: 35310504 PMCID: PMC8864699 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxanorbornene-fused double-stranded macrocycles, represented by kohnkene, are not only synthetic precursors toward short segments of zigzag carbon nanotubes but also typical cavitands processing an intrinsic cavity. However, their capability to bind guest molecules in solution remained unexplored. Herein we report a new member of oxanorbornene-fused double-stranded macrocycles, which is named a nanobox herein because of its shape. Reductive aromatization of this oxanorbornene-fused nanobox leads to observation of a new zigzag carbon nanobelt by high resolution mass spectroscopy. The fluorescence titration and NMR experiments indicate that this nanobox encapsulates C70 in solution with a binding constant of (3.2 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1 in toluene and a high selectivity against C60 and its derivatives. As found from the X-ray crystallographic analysis, this nanobox changes the shape of its cross-section from a rhombus to nearly a square upon accommodating C60. A new oxanorbornene-fused nanobox encapsulated C70 selectively in solution with a binding constant of (3.2 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1. Reductive aromatization of this nanobox led to observation of a new zigzag carbon nanobelt by mass spectroscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Zeming Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China
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23
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Li K, Xu Z, Xu J, Weng T, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. Overcrowded Ethylene-Bridged Nanohoop Dimers: Regioselective Synthesis, Multiconfigurational Electronic States, and Global Hückel/Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20419-20430. [PMID: 34817177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of molecular systems with multiple geometric and electronic configurations are the cornerstones for multifunctional materials with stimuli-responsive behaviors. We describe here the regioselective and facile synthesis of two types of overcrowded ethylene-bridged nanohoop dimers, with folded and twisted geometric structures as well as closed-shell, diradical and dication electronic structures. The strained nanohoop structures have a profound effect on the overall molecular and electronic configurations, which resulted in the destabilized diradical state. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the folded molecular geometry for the neutral species and twisted geometry for the dication species. The unique molecular dynamics, optical properties, and dynamic redox properties were disclosed in the solution phase by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, the global Hückel and Möbius aromaticity were revealed by a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Our studies shed light on the design of nanohoop-incorporated multiconfigurational materials with unique topologies and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Zhou X, Kwon H, Thompson RR, Herman RJ, Fronczek FR, Bruns CJ, Lee S. Scalable synthesis of [8]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoop using alkyne metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10887-10890. [PMID: 34604870 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large scale synthesis of cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes has been challenging due to low macrocyclization yields and harsh aromatization methods that often decompose strained alkynes. Herein, a cis-stilbene-based building block is subjected to alkyne metathesis macrocylization. The following sequence of alkene-selective bromination and dehydrobromination afforded a [8]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene derivative in high yield with good scalability. X-Ray crystal structure and computational analysis revealed a unique same-rim conformation for the eight methyl groups on the nanohoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, USA.
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Richard R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, USA.
| | - Robert J Herman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, USA.
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, USA.
| | - Carson J Bruns
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. .,ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, USA.
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25
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Xia Z, Pun SH, Chen H, Miao Q. Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts through Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Xia
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
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26
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Xia Z, Pun SH, Chen H, Miao Q. Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts through Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10311-10318. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Xia
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
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27
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Sato K, Hasegawa M, Nojima Y, Hara N, Nishiuchi T, Imai Y, Mazaki Y. Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Stereogenic Curved Paraphenylene Anchoring a Chiral Binaphthyl in Solution and Solid State. Chemistry 2021; 27:1323-1329. [PMID: 33079420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A curved stereogenic [6]paraphenylene ([6]PP), anchoring a chiral binaphthyl scaffold at 7,7'-positions, was prepared and investigated for its properties as a solid-state circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) dye. X-ray analysis revealed a helically twisted structure of PP units induced by axial chirality of binaphthyl framework. The curved [6]PP exhibits fluorescence in powder and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film as well as solution. A significant increase in quantum yield was observed for a non-fluid PMMA film owing the suppression of the molecular motion. The gCPL values of the dye in solution and as PMMA film were almost the same (4.3-4.4×10-3 ) and lager than that in powder. TD-DFT calculations in the excited state suggest that the exciton can be delocalized into a twisted PP unit to produce a larger magnetic transition dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuki Nojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-1-4 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-1-4 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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28
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Wang LH, Hayase N, Sugiyama H, Nogami J, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene-Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17951-17957. [PMID: 32618087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single and double cyclophenylene-ethynylenes (CPEs) with axial and helical chirality have been synthesized by the Sonogashira cross-coupling of di- and tetraethynyl biphenyls with a U-shaped prearomatic diiodoparaphenylene followed by reductive aromatization. X-ray crystallographic analyses and DFT calculations revealed that the CPEs possess highly twisted bent structures. Bend angles on the edge of the paraphenylene units were close to the value of [5]cycloparaphenylene (CPP)-the smallest CPP to date. The double and single CPEs possessed stable chirality despite flexible biphenyl structures because of the high strain in the diethynyl-paraphenylene moiety. In both the single and double CPEs, orbital interactions along the biphenyl axis were observed by DFT calculations in LUMO and LUMO+2 of the single CPE and LUMO+1 of the double CPE, which likely cause lowering of these orbital energies. Concerning chiroptical properties: boosting of the gabs value was observed in the biphenyl-based double CPE, as well as the binaphthyl-based single CPE, compared to the biphenyl-based single CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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Frydrych R, Lis T, Bury W, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Feeding a Molecular Squid: A Pliable Nanocarbon Receptor for Electron-Poor Aromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15604-15613. [PMID: 32815367 PMCID: PMC7498155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid nanocarbon receptor consisting of a calix[4]arene and a bent oligophenylene loop ("molecular squid"), was obtained in an efficient, scalable synthesis. The system contains an electron-rich cavity with an adaptable shape, which can serve as a host for electron deficient guests, such as diquat, 10-methylacridinium, and anthraquinone. The new receptor forms inclusion complexes in the solid state and in solution, showing a dependence of the observed binding strength on the shape of the guest species and its charge. The interaction with the methylacridinium cation in solution was interpreted in terms of a 2:1 binding model, with K11 = 5.92(7) × 103 M-1. The solid receptor is porous to gases and vapors, yielding an uptake of ca. 4 mmol/g for methanol at 293 K. In solution, the receptor shows cyan fluorescence (λmaxem = 485 nm, ΦF = 33%), which is partly quenched upon binding of guests. Methylacridinium and anthraquinone adducts show red-shifted emission in the solid state, attributable to the charge-transfer character of these inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frydrych
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.,PORT-Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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30
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Wang L, Hayase N, Sugiyama H, Nogami J, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene–Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences Keio University Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku Yokohama Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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31
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Kayahara E, Nakano M, Sun L, Ishida K, Yamago S. Syntheses of Tetrasubstituted [10]Cycloparaphenylenes by a Pd-catalyzed Coupling Reaction. Remarkable Effect of Strain on the Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2451-2455. [PMID: 32558319 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A small library of tetrasubstituted [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) derivatives bearing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituents was constructed by a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction starting from tetratriflate [10]CPP 5 e, which was readily available in high yields on a >2 g scale. The CPP skeleton increases the reactivity of aryl triflate for oxidative addition to the Pd species, and 5 e is 10 times more reactive than its linear paraphenylene analogue, as determined by competition experiments. Theoretical calculations suggest that the accumulation of the small strain relief from each paraphenylene unit not involved in the reaction is responsible for the observed enhanced reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Liansheng Sun
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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32
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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33
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14363-14367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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34
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Xiang Q, Guo J, Xu J, Ding S, Li Z, Li G, Phan H, Gu Y, Dang Y, Xu Z, Gong Z, Hu W, Zeng Z, Wu J, Sun Z. Stable Olympicenyl Radicals and Their π-Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11022-11031. [PMID: 32456437 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An olympicenyl radical, a spin 1/2 hydrocarbon radical with C2v symmetry and uneven spin distribution, remains elusive despite the considerable theoretical research interest. Herein, we report syntheses of two air-stable olympicenyl radical derivatives, OR1 and OR2, with half-life times (τ1/2) in air-saturated solution of 7 days and 34 days. The high stability was ascribed to kinetic blocking of reactive sites with high spin densities. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed unique 20-center-2-electron head-to-tail π-dimer structures with intermolecular distances shorter than the sum of van der Waals radius of carbon. The ground state of the π-dimers was found to be singlet, with singlet-triplet energy gaps estimated to be -2.34 kcal/mol and -3.28 kcal/mol for OR1 and OR2, respectively, by variable-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The monomeric radical species were in equilibrium with the π-dimer in solution, and the optical and electrochemical properties of the monomers and π-dimers in solution were investigated by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, revealing a concentration-dependent nature. Theoretical calculations illustrated that upon formation of a π-dimer the local aromaticity of each monomer was enhanced, and spatial ring current between the monomers was present, which resulted in an increment of aromaticity of the interior of the π-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zongcheng Gong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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35
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Schaub TA, Prantl EA, Kohn J, Bursch M, Marshall CR, Leonhardt EJ, Lovell TC, Zakharov LN, Brozek CK, Waldvogel SR, Grimme S, Jasti R. Exploration of the Solid-State Sorption Properties of Shape-Persistent Macrocyclic Nanocarbons as Bulk Materials and Small Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8763-8775. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ephraim A. Prantl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Checkers R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Erik J. Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Carl K. Brozek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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36
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Colwell CE, Price TW, Stauch T, Jasti R. Strain visualization for strained macrocycles. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3923-3930. [PMID: 34122862 PMCID: PMC8152662 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain has a unique and sometimes unpredictable impact on the properties and reactivity of molecules. To thoroughly describe strain in molecules, a computational tool that relates strain energy to reactivity by localizing and quantifying strain was developed. Strain energy is calculated local to every coordinate in the molecule and areas of higher strain are shown experimentally to be more reactive. Not only does this tool directly compare strain energy in parts of the same molecule, but it also computes total strain to give a full picture of molecular strain energy. It is freely available to the public on GitHub under the name StrainViz and much of the workflow is automated to simplify use for non-experts. Unique insight into the reactivity of curved aromatic molecules and strained alkyne bioorthogonal reagents is described within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis E Colwell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Tim Stauch
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Leobener Str. NW2 D-28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstraße 1 D-28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
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37
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Peters GM, Grover G, Maust RL, Colwell CE, Bates H, Edgell WA, Jasti R, Kertesz M, Tovar JD. Linear and Radial Conjugation in Extended π-Electron Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2293-2300. [PMID: 31934753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and electronic properties of new π-conjugated small molecules and polymers that combine the linear intramolecular conjugation pathways commonly associated with organic electronic materials with the emerging properties of radial conjugation found in cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and other curved π-surfaces. Using arylene ethynylenes as prototypical linear segments and [6]/[8]CPP as the radial segments, we demonstrate the formation of new electronic states that are not simply additive responses from the individual components. Quantum chemical calculations of model oligomeric structures reveal these electronic processes to arise from the hybrid nature of wave function delocalization over the linear and radial contributors in the photophysically relevant electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garvin M Peters
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Girishma Grover
- Chemistry Department and Institute of Soft Matter , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets NW , Washington , DC 20057 , United States
| | - Ruth L Maust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Curtis E Colwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Haley Bates
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - William A Edgell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Chemistry Department and Institute of Soft Matter , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets NW , Washington , DC 20057 , United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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38
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Kawanishi T, Ishida K, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Selective and Gram-Scale Synthesis of [8]Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2082-2091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawanishi
- Oji R&D Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD., Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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40
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Xu Y, Gsänger S, Minameyer MB, Imaz I, Maspoch D, Shyshov O, Schwer F, Ribas X, Drewello T, Meyer B, von Delius M. Highly Strained, Radially π-Conjugated Porphyrinylene Nanohoops. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18500-18507. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Schwer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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41
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Van Raden JM, Leonhardt EJ, Zakharov LN, Pérez-Guardiola A, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, Marshall CR, Brozek CK, Sancho-García JC, Jasti R. Precision Nanotube Mimics via Self-Assembly of Programmed Carbon Nanohoops. J Org Chem 2019; 85:129-141. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Erik J. Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR − Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - A. Pérez-Guardiola
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A. J. Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Checkers R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Carl K. Brozek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - J. C. Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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42
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanosynthesis of Odd-Numbered Tetraaryl[n]cumulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12945-12949. [PMID: 31265746 PMCID: PMC6773223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of one-dimensional carbon allotrope carbyne model compounds, namely tetraaryl[n]cumulenes (n=3, 5) was realized. Central for the mechanosynthesis of the cumulenic carbon nanostructures were the development of a mechanochemical Favorskii alkynylation-type reaction and the implementation of a solvent-free, acid-free reductive elimination with tin(II) chloride by ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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43
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Della Sala P, Talotta C, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Structure of [8]Cycloparaphenylenes with Inherent Chirality. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9489-9496. [PMID: 31271287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of two [8]cycloparaphenylenes ([8]CPP) derivatives, 1 and 2, bearing a monosubstituted benzene moiety. The presence of the substituent implies a planar chirality for the monosubstituted [8]CPP 1 and 2, whose configuration is here described by applying the chirality descriptors pR and pS. Experimental evidence of this planar chirality has been obtained through 1H VT NMR studies and by addition of Pirkle's reagent. This was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 2, which represents an interesting example of solid-state structure of a monosubstituted [8]CPP derivative. Derivative 2 crystallizes in two monoclinic crystal forms (α and β), which show a herringbone motif. The [8]CPP ring of the α form encapsulates two dichloromethane molecules, held through C-H···π interactions, while in the β form, open channels are partially filled by highly disordered solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
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44
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De Hoe C, Dean RT, Hacker AS, Dutta SH, Dominguez O, Parsons LWT, Sommerville PJW, Vandivier KP, Chalifoux WA, Frantz DK. Synthesis and Structure of a Strained, Cyclic meta
-Quaterphenylene Acetylene. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Ryan T. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Allison S. Hacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Sudeep H. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Omar Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Leo W. T. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Parker J. W. Sommerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Kai P. Vandivier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada, Reno; 1664 N. Virginia St Reno Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Derik K. Frantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
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45
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanosynthesis of Odd‐Numbered Tetraaryl[
n
]cumulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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46
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Hayase N, Nogami J, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Synthesis of a Strained Spherical Carbon Nanocage by Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9439-9442. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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47
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Hayase N, Nogami J, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Synthesis of a Strained Spherical Carbon Nanocage by Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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48
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Zhou X, Thompson RR, Fronczek FR, Lee S. Size-Selective Synthesis of Large Cycloparaphenyleneacetylene Carbon Nanohoops Using Alkyne Metathesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:4680-4683. [PMID: 31144823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Size selective synthesis of large cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoops was achieved using alkyne metathesis. The large nanohoops were stable in ambient conditions due to their reduced strain. The nanohoops exhibited blue fluorescence with high quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Richard R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
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49
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Van Raden JM, White BM, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7341-7345. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Brittany M. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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50
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Fujitsuka M, Lu C, Zhuang B, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Majima T. Size-Dependent Relaxation Processes of Photoexcited [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 5–12): Significant Contribution of Internal Conversion in Smaller Rings. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4737-4742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chao Lu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bo Zhuang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
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