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Zhang K, Feng Q, Fang Z, Gu L, Bian L. Structurally Dynamic Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Pursuing a Fine Balance between Macroscopic Stability and Microscopic Dynamics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11149-11193. [PMID: 34189903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique chemical and physical properties, hydrogels are attracting increasing attention in both basic and translational biomedical studies. Although the classical hydrogels with static networks have been widely reported for decades, a growing number of recent studies have shown that structurally dynamic hydrogels can better mimic the dynamics and functions of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in soft tissues. These synthetic materials with defined compositions can recapitulate key chemical and biophysical properties of living tissues, providing an important means to understanding the mechanisms by which cells sense and remodel their surrounding microenvironments. This review begins with the overall expectation and design principles of dynamic hydrogels. We then highlight recent progress in the fabrication strategies of dynamic hydrogels including both degradation-dependent and degradation-independent approaches, followed by their unique properties and use in biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and 3D culture. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in the development and application of dynamic hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Qian Feng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Enzymatic reactions and noncovalent (i.e., supramolecular) interactions are two fundamental nongenetic attributes of life. Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS) refers to a process where enzymatic reactions control intermolecular noncovalent interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies that exhibit emergent properties and functions. Like enzymatic covalent synthesis (ECS), in which an enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds to generate individual molecules, ENS is a unifying theme for understanding the functions, morphologies, and locations of molecular ensembles in cellular environments. This review intends to provide a summary of the works of ENS within the past decade and emphasize ENS for functions. After comparing ECS and ENS, we describe a few representative examples where nature uses ENS, as a rule of life, to create the ensembles of biomacromolecules for emergent properties/functions in a myriad of cellular processes. Then, we focus on ENS of man-made (synthetic) molecules in cell-free conditions, classified by the types of enzymes. After that, we introduce the exploration of ENS of man-made molecules in the context of cells by discussing intercellular, peri/intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and other applications. Finally, we provide a perspective on the promises of ENS for developing molecular assemblies/processes for functions. This review aims to be an updated introduction for researchers who are interested in exploring noncovalent synthesis for developing molecular science and technologies to address societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Adrianna N Shy
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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Du E, Hu X, Li G, Zhang S, Mang D, Roy S, Sasaki T, Zhang Y. Self-Assembly-Directed Cancer Cell Membrane Insertion of Synthetic Analogues for Permeability Alteration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7376-7382. [PMID: 30091933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the metamorphosis of pore-forming toxins from soluble inactive monomers to cytolytic transmembrane assemblies, we developed self-assembly-directed membrane insertion of synthetic analogues for permeability alteration. An expanded π-conjugation-based molecular precursor with an extremely high rigidity and a long hydrophobic length that is comparable to the hydrophobic width of plasma membrane was synthesized for membrane-inserted self-assembly. Guided by the cancer biomarker expression in vitro, the soluble precursors transform into hydrophobic monomers forming assemblies inserted into the fluid phase of the membrane exclusively. Membrane insertion of rigid synthetic analogues destroys the selective permeability of the plasma membrane gradually. It eventually leads to cancer cell death, including drug resistant cancer cells.
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Shi J, Fichman G, Schneider J. Enzymatic Control of the Conformational Landscape of Self-Assembling Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11188-11192. [PMID: 29969177 PMCID: PMC6294317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification is a common mechanism to affect conformational change in proteins, which in turn, regulates function. Herein, this principle is expanded to instruct the formation of supramolecular assemblies by controlling the conformational bias of self-assembling peptides. Biophysical and mechanical studies show that an engineered phosphorylation/dephosphorylation couple can affectively modulate the folding of amphiphilic peptides into a conformation necessary for the formation of well-defined fibrillar networks. Negative design principles based on the incompatibility of hosting residue side-chain point charge within hydrophobic environments proved key to inhibiting the peptide's ability to adopt its low energy fold in the assembled state. Dephosphorylation relieves this restriction, lowers the energy barrier between unfolded and folded peptide, and allows the formation of self-assembled fibrils that contain the folded conformer, thus ultimately enabling the formation of a cytocompatible hydrogel material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng. Shi
- Chemical Biological Laboratory, National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health 376 Boyles Street, Frederick MD, 21702, US
| | - Galit. Fichman
- Chemical Biological Laboratory, National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health 376 Boyles Street, Frederick MD, 21702, US
| | - Joel.P. Schneider
- Chemical Biological Laboratory, National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health 376 Boyles Street, Frederick MD, 21702, US:
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Shi J, Fichman G, Schneider JP. Enzymatic Control of the Conformational Landscape of Self-Assembling Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Shi
- Chemical Biological Laboratory; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; 376 Boyles Street Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Galit Fichman
- Chemical Biological Laboratory; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; 376 Boyles Street Frederick MD 21702 USA
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biological Laboratory; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; 376 Boyles Street Frederick MD 21702 USA
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Dou XQ, Feng CL. Amino Acids and Peptide-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604062. [PMID: 28112836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels assembled from amino acids and peptide-derived hydrogelators have shown great potential as biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices because of their merits over conventional polymeric hydrogels, such as non-covalent or physical interactions, controllable self-assembly, and biocompatibility. These merits enable hydrogels to be made not only by using external stimuli, but also under physiological conditions by rationally designing gelator structures, as well as in situ encapsulation of cells into hydrogels for 3D culture. This review will assess current progress in the preparation of amino acids and peptide-based hydrogels under various kinds of external stimuli, and in situ encapsulation of cells into the hydrogels, with a focus on understanding the associations between their structures, properties, and functions during cell culture, and the remaining challenges in this field. The amino acids and peptide-based hydrogelators with rationally designed structures have promising applications in the fields of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiu Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road., 200240, Shanghai, China
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Barouti G, Liow SS, Dou Q, Ye H, Orione C, Guillaume SM, Loh XJ. New Linear and Star-Shaped Thermogelling Poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) Copolymers. Chemistry 2016; 22:10501-12. [PMID: 27345491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of multi-arm poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based triblock copolymers (poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-[[poly(methyl ether methacrylate)-g-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-[poly(methacrylate)-g-poly(propylene glycol)]], PHB-b-PNIPAAM-b-(PPEGMEMA-co-PPPGMA), and their subsequent self-assembly into thermo-responsive hydrogels is described. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) followed by poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) and poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGMA) was achieved from bromoesterified multi-arm PHB macroinitiators. The composition of the resulting copolymers was investigated by (1) H and (13) C J-MOD NMR spectroscopy as well as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymers featuring different architectures and distinct hydrophilic/hydrophobic contents were found to self-assemble into thermo-responsive gels in aqueous solution. Rheological studies indicated that the linear one-arm PHB-based copolymer tend to form a micellar solution, whereas the two- and four-arm PHB-based copolymers afforded gels with enhanced mechanical properties and solid-like behavior. These investigations are the first to correlate the gelation properties to the arm number of a PHB-based copolymer. All copolymers revealed a double thermo-responsive behavior due to the NIPAAM and PPGMA blocks, thus allowing first the copolymer self-assembly at room temperature, and then the delivery of a drug at body temperature (37 °C). The non-significant toxic response of the gels, as assessed by the cell viability of the CCD-112CoN human fibroblast cell line with different concentrations of the triblock copolymers ranging from 0.03 to 1 mg mL(-1) , suggest that these PHB-based thermo-responsive gels are promising candidate biomaterials for drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Barouti
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Sing Shy Liow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Qingqing Dou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Hongye Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Clément Orione
- Centre Régional de Mesures Physiques de l'Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sophie M Guillaume
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
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Yuan D, Shi J, Du X, Huang Y, Gao Y, Xu B. The Enzyme-instructed assembly of the core of yeast prion Sup35 to form supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1318-1323. [PMID: 27134750 PMCID: PMC4845953 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the self-assembly capability of the core segment (GNNQQNY) of yeast prion Sup35, we design and synthesis a series of structurally related precursors for enzymatic formation of hydrogels. We found that, with the catalysis of alkaline phosphatase, the precursor becomes a hydrogelator that self-assembles in water to form nanofibers with an average width less than ten nanometers. Interestingly, the introduction of amyloid segment into a cytotoxic precursor (N'ffyp: D-1P) is able to abrogate the cytotoxicity of the precursor, making the resulting peptide to be cell compatible. This work contributes a new insight to the use of enzyme to form cell compatible hydrogels of peptides cross-β spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- 415 South Street, MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Fax: 781-736-2516; Tel: 781-736-5201
| | - Junfeng Shi
- 415 South Street, MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Fax: 781-736-2516; Tel: 781-736-5201
| | - Xuewen Du
- 415 South Street, MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Fax: 781-736-2516; Tel: 781-736-5201
| | - Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2599 Qianjin St., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- 415 South Street, MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Fax: 781-736-2516; Tel: 781-736-5201
| | - Bing Xu
- 415 South Street, MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Fax: 781-736-2516; Tel: 781-736-5201
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