1
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Herrmann L, Leidenberger M, Quadros HC, Grau BW, Hampel F, Friedrich O, Moreira DRM, Kappes B, Tsogoeva SB. Access to Artemisinin-Triazole Antimalarials via Organo-Click Reaction: High In Vitro/ In Vivo Activity against Multi-Drug-Resistant Malaria Parasites. JACS AU 2024; 4:951-957. [PMID: 38559731 PMCID: PMC10976565 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Besides a growing number of people potentially threatened by malaria, the consistent emergence of resistance against established antimalarial pharmaceuticals leads to an urge toward new antimalarial drugs. Hybridization of two chemically diverse compounds into a new bioactive product is a successful concept to improve the properties of a hybrid drug relative to the parent compounds and also to overcome multidrug resistance. 1,2,3-Triazoles are a significant pharmacophore system among nitrogen-containing heterocycles with various applications, such as antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial, and anticancer agents. Several marketed drugs possess these versatile moieties, which are used in a wide range of medical indications. While the synthesis of hybrid compounds containing a 1,2,3-triazole unit was described using Cu- and Ru-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, an alternative metal-free pathway has never been reported for the synthesis of antimalarial hybrids. However, a metal-free pathway is a green method that allows toxic and expensive metals to be replaced with an organocatalyst. Herein, we present the synthesis of new artemisinin-triazole antimalarial hybrids via a facile Ramachary-Bressy-Wang organocatalyzed azide-carbonyl [3 + 2] cycloaddition (organo-click) reaction. The prepared new hybrid compounds are highly potent in vitro against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant and multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains (IC50 (Dd2) down to 2.1 nM; IC50 (K1) down to 1.8 nM) compared to CQ (IC50 (Dd2) = 165.3 nM; IC50 (K1) = 302.8 nM). Moreover, the most potent hybrid drug was more efficacious in suppressing parasitemia and extending animal survival in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice (up to 100% animal survival and up to 40 days of survival time) than the reference drug artemisinin, illustrating the potential of the hybridization concept as an alternative and powerful drug-discovery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Herrmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary
Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt W. Grau
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary
Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary
Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary
Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Herrmann L, Hahn F, Grau BW, Wild M, Niesar A, Wangen C, Kataev E, Marschall M, Tsogoeva SB. Autofluorescent Artemisinin-Benzimidazole Hybrids via Organo-Click Reaction: Study of Antiviral Properties and Mode of Action in Living Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301194. [PMID: 37267160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug modification by a fluorescent label is a common tool for studying its mechanism of action with fluorescence microscopy techniques. However, the attachment of a fluorescent label can significantly alter the polarity, solubility, and biological activity of the investigated drug, and, as a result, the studied mechanism of action can be misrepresented. Therefore, developing efficient drugs, which are inherently fluorescent and can be tracked directly in the cell is highly favorable. Here an easy formation of fluorescent hybrid drugs is presented, generated by a combination of two readily available non-fluorescent pharmacophores via a non-cleavable linker using a Ramachary-Bressy-Wang organocatalyzed azide-carbonyl [3+2] cycloaddition (organo-click) reaction. All newly prepared fluorescent compounds showed strong anti-HCMV activity (EC50 down to 0.07±0.00 μM), thus presenting a very promising drug developmental basis compared to the approved drug ganciclovir (EC50 2.60±0.50 μM). Remarkably, in vitro fluorescent imaging investigation of new compounds revealed induced changes in mitochondrial structures, which is a phenotypical hallmark of antiviral activity. This approach opens up new vistas for the easy formation of potent fluorescent drugs from readily available non-fluorescent parent compounds and might facilitate insight into their mode of action in living cells, avoiding the requirement of linkage to external fluorescent markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt W Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Wild
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aischa Niesar
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evgeny Kataev
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Grau BW, Dill M, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Jux N, Tsogoeva SB. Four‐Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non‐Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maximilian Dill
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Grau BW, Dill M, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Jux N, Tsogoeva SB. Four-Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non-Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22307-22314. [PMID: 34060211 PMCID: PMC8518863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexaarylbenzene (HAB) derivatives are versatile aromatic systems playing a significant role as chromophores, liquid crystalline materials, molecular receptors, molecular-scale devices, organic light-emitting diodes and candidates for organic electronics. Statistical synthesis of simple symmetrical HABs is known via cyclotrimerization or Diels-Alder reactions. By contrast, the synthesis of more complex, asymmetrical systems, and without involvement of statistical steps, remains an unsolved problem. Here we present a generally applicable synthetic strategy to access asymmetrical HAB via an atom-economical and high-yielding metal-free four-step domino reaction using nitrostyrenes and α,α-dicyanoolefins as easily available starting materials. Resulting domino product-functionalized triarylbenzene (TAB)-can be used as a key starting compound to furnish asymmetrically substituted hexaarylbenzenes in high overall yield and without involvement of statistical steps. This straightforward domino process represents a distinct approach to create diverse and still unexplored HAB scaffolds, containing six different aromatic rings around central benzene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian Dill
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM)Permoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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5
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Çapcı A, Herrmann L, Sampath Kumar HM, Fröhlich T, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-derived dimers from a chemical perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2927-2970. [PMID: 34114227 DOI: 10.1002/med.21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made with the rather recently developed dimer approach, which has already found applications in the development of new effective artemisinin-derived antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral agents. One observation common to these potential applications is the significant (i.e., much more than double) improvement in activity of artemisinin based dimers, which are not toxic to normal cells and have fewer or less harmful side effects, with respect to monomers against parasites, cancer cells and viruses. Due to the high potential of the dimerization concept, many new artemisinin-derived dimer compounds and their biological activities have been recently reported. In this review an overview of the synthesis of dimer drug candidates based on the clinically used drug artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives is given. Besides the highlighting of biological activities of the selected dimers, the main focus is set on different synthetic approaches toward the dimers containing a broad variety of symmetric and nonsymmetric linking moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Zanardi F. New Developments of the Principle of Vinylogy as Applied to π-Extended Enolate-Type Donor Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2448-2612. [PMID: 32040305 PMCID: PMC7993750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The principle of vinylogy states that the electronic effects of a functional group in a molecule are possibly transmitted to a distal position through interposed conjugated multiple bonds. As an emblematic case, the nucleophilic character of a π-extended enolate-type chain system may be relayed from the legitimate α-site to the vinylogous γ, ε, ..., ω remote carbon sites along the chain, provided that suitable HOMO-raising strategies are adopted to transform the unsaturated pronucleophilic precursors into the reactive polyenolate species. On the other hand, when "unnatural" carbonyl ipso-sites are activated as nucleophiles (umpolung), vinylogation extends the nucleophilic character to "unnatural" β, δ, ... remote sites. Merging the principle of vinylogy with activation modalities and concepts such as iminium ion/enamine organocatalysis, NHC-organocatalysis, cooperative organo/metal catalysis, bifunctional organocatalysis, dicyanoalkylidene activation, and organocascade reactions represents an impressive step forward for all vinylogous transformations. This review article celebrates this evolutionary progress, by collecting, comparing, and critically describing the achievements made over the nine year period 2010-2018, in the generation of vinylogous enolate-type donor substrates and their use in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli
Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università
di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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7
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Grau BW, Bönisch S, Neuhauser A, Hampel F, Görling A, Tsogoeva SB. Facile Access to Challenging
ortho
‐Terphenyls via Merging Two Multi‐Step Domino Reactions in One‐Pot: A Joint Experimental/Theoretical Study. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Alexander Neuhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Abstract
Prominent in the current stage of drug development, antiviral compounds can be efficiently prepared through cycloaddition reactions. The chapter reports the use of classical Diels–Alder and their hetero version for the design and synthesis of compounds that were tested for their antiviral activities against a variety of viruses. Furthermore, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of selected 1,3-dipoles, such as azides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides, are reviewed in the light of their application in the preparation of key intermediates for antiviral synthesis. A few examples of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions are also presented. The products obtained from these pericyclic reaction approaches were all tested for their activities in terms of blocking the virus replication, and the relevant biological data are highlighted.
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Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Seo EJ, Gruber L, Hahn F, Leidenberger M, Klein V, Hampel F, Friedrich O, Marschall M, Kappes B, Efferth T, Tsogoeva SB. Access to new highly potent antileukemia, antiviral and antimalarial agents via hybridization of natural products (homo)egonol, thymoquinone and artemisinin. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3610-3618. [PMID: 29887512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization of natural products has high potential to further improve their activities and may produce synergistic effects between linked pharmacophores. Here we report synthesis of nine new hybrids of natural products egonol, homoegonol, thymoquinone and artemisinin and evaluation of their activities against P. falciparum 3D7 parasites, human cytomegalovirus, sensitive and multidrug-resistant human leukemia cells. Most of the new hybrids exceed their parent compounds in antimalarial, antiviral and antileukemia activities and in some cases show higher in vitro efficacy than clinically used reference drugs chloroquine, ganciclovir and doxorubicin. Combined, our findings stress the high potency of these hybrids and encourages further use of the hybridization concept in applied pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Klein
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Grau D, Grau BW, Hampel F, Tsogoeva SB. Three-Component Domino Knoevenagel/Vinylogous Michael Reaction: Entry to Challenging o
-Terphenyls. Chemistry 2018; 24:6551-6556. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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11
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Held FE, Guryev AA, Fröhlich T, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Hutterer C, Steingruber M, Bahsi H, von Bojničić-Kninski C, Mattes DS, Foertsch TC, Nesterov-Mueller A, Marschall M, Tsogoeva SB. Facile access to potent antiviral quinazoline heterocycles with fluorescence properties via merging metal-free domino reactions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15071. [PMID: 28462939 PMCID: PMC5418574 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the known approved drugs comprise functionalized heterocyclic compounds as subunits. Among them, non-fluorescent quinazolines with four different substitution patterns are found in a variety of clinically used pharmaceuticals, while 4,5,7,8-substituted quinazolines and those displaying their own specific fluorescence, favourable for cellular uptake visualization, have not been described so far. Here we report the development of a one-pot synthetic strategy to access these 4,5,7,8-substituted quinazolines, which are fluorescent and feature strong antiviral properties (EC50 down to 0.6±0.1 μM) against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Merging multistep domino processes in one-pot under fully metal-free conditions leads to sustainable, maximum efficient and high-yielding organic synthesis. Furthermore, generation of artesunic acid–quinazoline hybrids and their application against HCMV (EC50 down to 0.1±0.0 μM) is demonstrated. Fluorescence of new antiviral hybrids and quinazolines has potential applications in molecular imaging in drug development and mechanistic studies, avoiding requirement of linkage to external fluorescent markers. Heterocycles are ubiquitous in bioactive compounds and routes to different substitution patterns are important to access the full substrate space. Here the authors report a route to 4,5,7,8-substituted antiviral fluorescent quinazolines, to allow cellular uptake visualization without external marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E Held
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anton A Guryev
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Physical Chemistry Chair I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Hutterer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Steingruber
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanife Bahsi
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens von Bojničić-Kninski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Daniela S Mattes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias C Foertsch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Nesterov-Mueller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Bock CM, Parameshwarappa G, Bönisch S, Bauer W, Hutterer C, Leidenberger M, Friedrich O, Marschall M, Kappes B, Görling A, Tsogoeva SB. Deeper Insight into the Six-Step Domino Reaction of Aldehydes with Malononitrile and Evaluation of Antiviral and Antimalarial Activities of the Obtained Bicyclic Products. ChemistryOpen 2017. [PMID: 28638769 PMCID: PMC5474667 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The straightforward and efficient synthesis of complex aza‐ and carbobicyclic compounds, which are of importance for medicinal chemistry, is a challenge for modern chemical methodology. An unprecedented metal‐free six‐step domino reaction of aldehydes with malononitrile was presented in our previous study to provide, in a single operation, these bicyclic nitrogen‐containing molecules. Presented here is a deeper investigation of this atom‐economical domino process by extending the scope of aldehydes, performing post‐modifications of domino products, applying bifunctional organocatalysts and comprehensive NMR studies of selected domino products. The thermodynamic aspects of the overall reaction are also demonstrated using DFT methods in conjunction with a semi‐empirical treatment of van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, biological studies of seven highly functionalized and artemisinin‐containing domino products against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 are presented. Remarkably, in vitro tests against HCMV revealed five domino products to be highly active compounds (EC50 0.071–1.8 μm), outperforming the clinical reference drug ganciclovir (EC50 2.6 μm). Against P. falciparum 3D7, three of the investigated artemisinin‐derived domino products (EC50 0.72–1.8 nm) were more potent than the clinical drug chloroquine (EC50 9.1 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Bock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Gangajji Parameshwarappa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Walter Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Corina Hutterer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schlossgarten 4 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Paul-Gordan-Straße 3 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Paul-Gordan-Straße 3 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schlossgarten 4 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Paul-Gordan-Straße 3 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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