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Ceballos-Ávila D, Vázquez-Sandoval I, Ferrusca-Martínez F, Jiménez-Sánchez A. Conceptually innovative fluorophores for functional bioimaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116638. [PMID: 39153261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fluorophore chemistry is at the forefront of bioimaging, revolutionizing the visualization of biological processes with unparalleled precision. From the serendipitous discovery of mauveine in 1856 to cutting-edge fluorophore engineering, this field has undergone transformative evolution. Today, the synergy of chemistry, biology, and imaging technologies has produced diverse, specialized fluorophores that enhance brightness, photostability, and targeting capabilities. This review delves into the history and innovation of fluorescent probes, showcasing their pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cellular dynamics and disease mechanisms. We highlight groundbreaking molecules and their applications, envisioning future breakthroughs that promise to redefine biomedical research and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceballos-Ávila
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ixsoyen Vázquez-Sandoval
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Ferrusca-Martínez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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2
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Mak ECL, Chen Z, Lee LCC, Leung PKK, Yip AMH, Shum J, Yiu SM, Yam VWW, Lo KKW. Exploiting the Potential of Iridium(III) bis-Nitrone Complexes as Phosphorogenic Bifunctional Reagents for Phototheranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25589-25599. [PMID: 39248725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linking strategies have found wide applications in chemical biology, enabling the labeling of biomolecules and monitoring of protein-protein interactions. Nitrone exhibits remarkable versatility and applicability in bioorthogonal labeling due to its high reactivity with strained alkynes via the strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reaction. In this work, four cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes functionalized with two nitrone units were designed as novel phosphorogenic bioorthogonal reagents for bioimaging and phototherapeutics. The complexes showed efficient emission quenching, which is attributed to an efficient nonradiative decay pathway via the low-lying T1/S0 minimum energy crossing point (MECP), as revealed by computational studies. However, the complexes displayed significant emission enhancement and lifetime extension upon reaction with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) derivatives. In particular, they showed a remarkably higher reaction rate toward a bis-cyclooctyne derivative (bis-BCN) compared with its monomeric counterpart (mono-BCN). Live-cell imaging and (photo)cytotoxicity studies revealed higher photocytotoxicity in bis-BCN-pretreated cells, which is ascribed to the enhanced singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitization resulting from the elimination of the nitrone-associated quenching pathway. Importantly, the cross-linking properties and enhanced reactivity of the complexes make them highly promising candidates for the development of hydrogels and stapled/cyclized peptides, offering intriguing photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. Notably, a nanosized hydrogel (2-gel) demonstrated potential as a drug delivery system, while a stapled peptide (2-bis-pDIKK) exhibited p53-Mdm2 inhibitory activity related to apoptosis and a cyclized peptide (2-bis-RGD) showed cancer selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Chiu-Lam Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17 W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Peter Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Alex Man-Hei Yip
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17 W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Justin Shum
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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3
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Pim S, Bourgès AC, Wu D, Durán-Sampedro G, Garre M, O'Shea DF. Observing bioorthogonal macrocyclizations in the nuclear envelope of live cells using on/on fluorescence lifetime microscopy. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03489a. [PMID: 39184298 PMCID: PMC11343072 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The reactive partnership between azides and strained alkynes is at the forefront of bioorthogonal reactions, with their in situ cellular studies often achieved through the use of off to on fluorophores with fluorescence microscopy. In this work, the first demonstration of a bioorthogonal, macrocycle-forming reaction occurring within the nuclear envelope of live cells has been accomplished, utilising on/on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for real-time continuous observation of the transformation. The fluorescent, macrocyclic BF2 azadipyrromethene was accessible through a double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition within minutes, between a precursor bis-azido substituted fluorophore and Sondheimer diyne in water or organic solvents. Photophysical properties of both the starting bis-azide BF2 azadipyrromethene and the fluorescent macrocyclic products were obtained, with near identical emission wavelengths and intensities, but different lifetimes. In a novel approach, the progress of the live-cell bioorthogonal macrocyclization was successfully tracked through a fluorescence lifetime change of 0.6 ns from starting material to products, with reaction completion achieved within 45 min. The continuous monitoring and imaging of this bioorthogonal transformation in the nuclear membrane and invaginations, of two different cancer cell lines, has been demonstrated using a combination of fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging with phasor plot analysis. As there is a discernible difference in fluorescence lifetimes between starting material and products, this approach removes the necessity for off-to-on fluorogenic probes when preparing for bioorthogonal cell-imaging and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI Dublin 2 Ireland
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4
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Zhu C, Fang H, Ma H, Xue J, Li Z, Wu X, Luo G. A novel method for high-sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 using dual double-quenched fluorescence probes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:892-899. [PMID: 38830810 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected many people around the world; fast and accurate detection of the virus can help control the spread of the virus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard method for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this study, we improved the RT-PCR by proposing a novel method using dual double-quenched fluorescence probes. We used the improved probes to detect the plasmid DNA and RNA reference materials of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The results show that, the background fluorescence intensity reduced by 50%, the fluorescence increment increased to 2.8 folds, and the Ct value significantly reduced by 3 or more, indicating that the detection sensitivity increased at least 8 times. In addition, we demonstrated that the improved probes have well performance in detecting SARS-CoV-2, with the minimum concentration of 6.2 copies/µL. This study will help biological companies develop better products for SARS-CoV-2 and other clinical pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsen Zhu
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Fang
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Houshi Ma
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinbing Xue
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeqin Li
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangyin Luo
- S uzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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5
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Trinh N, Bhuskute KR, Varghese NR, Buchanan JA, Xu Y, McCutcheon FM, Medcalf RL, Jolliffe KA, Sunde M, New EJ, Kaur A. A Coumarin-Based Array for the Discrimination of Amyloids. ACS Sens 2024; 9:615-621. [PMID: 38315454 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of misfolded proteins can lead to the formation of amyloids, which are implicated in the onset of many pathologies including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The facile detection and discrimination of different amyloids are crucial for early diagnosis of amyloid-related pathologies. Here, we report the development of a fluorescent coumarin-based two-sensor array that is able to correctly discriminate between four different amyloids implicated in amyloid-related pathologies with 100% classification. The array was also applied to mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and was able to discriminate between samples from mice corresponding to early (6 months) and advanced (12 months) stages of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, the flexibility of the array was assessed by expanding the analytes to include functional amyloids. The same two-sensor array was able to correctly discriminate between eight different disease-associated and functional amyloids with 100% classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Trinh
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kaustubh R Bhuskute
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nikhil R Varghese
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica A Buchanan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yijia Xu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona M McCutcheon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Robert L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Sunde
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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6
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Yip AMH, Lai CKH, Yiu KSM, Lo KKW. Phosphorogenic Iridium(III) bis-Tetrazine Complexes for Bioorthogonal Peptide Stapling, Bioimaging, Photocytotoxic Applications, and the Construction of Nanosized Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116078. [PMID: 35119163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dual functionality of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a bioorthogonal reactive unit and a luminescence quencher has shaped tetrazine-based probes as attractive candidates for luminogenic labeling of biomolecules in living systems. In this work, three cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes featuring two tetrazine units were synthesized and characterized. Upon photoexcitation, the complexes were non-emissive but displayed up to 3900-fold emission enhancement upon the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) [4+2] cycloaddition with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) substrates. The rapid reaction kinetics (k2 up to 1.47×104 M-1 s-1 ) of the complexes toward BCN substrates allowed effective peptide labeling. The complexes were also applied as live cell bioimaging reagents and photocytotoxic agents. One of the complexes was utilized in the preparation of luminescent nanosized hydrogels that exhibited interesting cargo delivery properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Man-Hei Yip
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Calvin Kin-Ho Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ken Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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7
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Yip AMH, Lai CKH, Yiu KSM, Lo KKW. Phosphorogenic Iridium(III) bis‐Tetrazine Complexes for Bioorthogonal Peptide Stapling, Bioimaging, Photocytotoxic Applications, and the Construction of Nanosized Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Tat Chee AvenueKowloon Tong N. A. Hong Kong HONG KONG
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8
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Jawale H, Mistry S, Conder C, Wenthold PG. Investigation of the Substituent Effects of the Azide Functional Group Using the Gas-Phase Acidities of 3- and 4-Azidophenols. J Org Chem 2021; 87:985-992. [PMID: 34965132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic effect of the azide functional group on an aromatic system has been investigated using Hammett-Taft parameters obtained from the effect of azide substitution on the gas-phase acidity of phenol. Gas-phase acidities of 3- and 4-azidophenol have been measured using mass spectrometry and the kinetic method and found to be 340.8 ± 2.2 and 340.3 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The relative electronic effects of the azide substituent on an aromatic system have been measured using Hammett-Taft parameters. The σF and σR values are determined to be 0.38 and 0.02, respectively, consistent with predictions based on electronic structure calculations. The values of σF and σR demonstrate that azide acts as an inductively withdrawing group but has negligible resonance contribution on the phenol. In contrast, acidity values calculated for azide-substituted benzoic acids give values of σF = 0.69 and σR = -0.39, indicating that the azide is a strong π donor, comparable to that of a hydroxyl group. The difference is explained as being the result of "chimeric", or, alternatively, "chameleonic" electronic behavior of the azide, similar to that observed previously for the N-oxide moiety, which can be more or less resonance donating in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Jawale
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sabyasachy Mistry
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Cory Conder
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Paul G Wenthold
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Danilkina NA, Andrievskaya EV, Vasileva AV, Lyapunova AG, Rumyantsev AM, Kuzmin AA, Bessonova EA, Balova IA. 4-Azidocinnoline-Cinnoline-4-amine Pair as a New Fluorogenic and Fluorochromic Environment-Sensitive Probe. Molecules 2021; 26:7460. [PMID: 34946541 PMCID: PMC8704291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of fluorogenic and fluorochromic probe based on the reduction of weakly fluorescent 4-azido-6-(4-cyanophenyl)cinnoline to the corresponding fluorescent cinnoline-4-amine was developed. We found that the fluorescence of 6-(4-cyanophenyl)cinnoline-4-amine is strongly affected by the nature of the solvent. The fluorogenic effect for the amine was detected in polar solvents with the strongest fluorescence increase in water. The environment-sensitive fluorogenic properties of cinnoline-4-amine in water were explained as a combination of two types of fluorescence mechanisms: aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited state intermolecular proton transfer (ESPT). The suitability of an azide-amine pair as a fluorogenic probe was tested using a HepG2 hepatic cancer cell line with detection by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and HPLC analysis of cells lysates. The results obtained confirm the possibility of the transformation of the azide to amine in cells and the potential applicability of the discovered fluorogenic and fluorochromic probe for different analytical and biological applications in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Danilkina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.D.); (A.V.V.); (A.G.L.); (E.A.B.)
| | | | - Anna V. Vasileva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.D.); (A.V.V.); (A.G.L.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Anna G. Lyapunova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.D.); (A.V.V.); (A.G.L.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Andrey M. Rumyantsev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Andrey A. Kuzmin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Tikhoretsky Avenue 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Bessonova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.D.); (A.V.V.); (A.G.L.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Irina A. Balova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.D.); (A.V.V.); (A.G.L.); (E.A.B.)
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10
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Hsia LY, Chen HN, Chiang CH, Hung MY, Wei HK, Luo CW, Kuo MY, Luo SY, Chu CC. π-Extended Coumarins Derived with Nonhydrolyzable Iminophosphoranes as Two-Photon-Excited Fluorophores. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9361-9366. [PMID: 32512991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel coumarin-iminophosphorane (IPP) fluorophores that have stable resonance contributions from aza-ylides were formed by using the nonhydrolysis Staudinger reaction. The N═P formation reaction kinetics obey the conventional Staudinger reaction. The absorption and emission profiles of the coumarin-IPP derivatives can be fine-tuned: an electron-donating group at PPh3 enhances absorption and fluorescence, whereas an electron-withdrawing group at C-3 drives absorption and emission peaks toward blue-light wavelengths. Two-photon adsorption, accompanied by anti-Stokes fluorescence, is achieved under near-infrared femtosecond laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Hsia
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Hung
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Keng Wei
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Kuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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11
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Sharma K, Strizhak AV, Fowler E, Wang X, Xu W, Hatt Jensen C, Wu Y, Sore HF, Lau YH, Hyvönen M, Itzhaki LS, Spring DR. Water-soluble, stable and azide-reactive strained dialkynes for biocompatible double strain-promoted click chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:8014-8018. [PMID: 31418442 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Sondheimer dialkyne is extensively used in double strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloadditions. This reagent suffers with poor water-solubility and rapidly decomposes in aqueous solutions. This intrinsically limits its application in biological systems, and no effective solutions are currently available. Herein, we report the development of novel highly water-soluble, stable, and azide-reactive strained dialkyne reagents. To demonstrate their extensive utility, we applied our novel dialkynes to a double strain-promoted macrocyclisation strategy to generate functionalised p53-based stapled peptides for inhibiting the oncogenic p53-MDM2 interaction. These functionalised stapled peptides bind MDM2 with low nanomolar affinity and show p53 activation in a cellular environment. Overall, our highly soluble, stable and azide-reactive dialkynes offer significant advantages over the currently used Sondheimer dialkyne, and could be utilised for numerous biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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12
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Egyed A, Kormos A, Söveges B, Németh K, Kele P. Bioothogonally applicable, π-extended rhodamines for super-resolution microscopy imaging for intracellular proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Kumpina I, Brodyagin N, MacKay JA, Kennedy SD, Katkevics M, Rozners E. Synthesis and RNA-Binding Properties of Extended Nucleobases for Triplex-Forming Peptide Nucleic Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13276-13298. [PMID: 31538780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-helix formation, using Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding of triplex-forming oligonucleotides, represents an attractive method for sequence-specific recognition of double-stranded nucleic acids. However, practical applications using triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides and their analogues are limited to long homopurine sequences. The key problem for recognition of pyrimidines is that they present only one hydrogen-bond acceptor or donor group in the major groove. Herein, we report our first attempt to overcome this problem by using peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) modified with extended nucleobases that form three hydrogen bonds along the entire Hoogsteen edge of the Watson-Crick base pair. New nucleobase triples (five) were designed, and their hydrogen bonding feasibility was confirmed by ab initio calculations. PNA monomers carrying the modified nucleobases were synthesized and incorporated in short model PNA sequences. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that these nucleobases had a modest binding affinity for their double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targets. Finally, molecular modeling of the modified triples in PNA-dsRNA helix suggested that the modest binding affinity was caused by subtle structural deviations from ideal hydrogen-bonding arrangements or disrupted π-stacking of the extended nucleobase scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Kumpina
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Aizkraukles 21 , Riga LV-1006 , Latvia
| | - Nikita Brodyagin
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University, State University of New York , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - James A MacKay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Elizabethtown College , Elizabethtown , Pennsylvania 17022 , United States
| | - Scott D Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York 14642 , United States
| | - Martins Katkevics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Aizkraukles 21 , Riga LV-1006 , Latvia
| | - Eriks Rozners
- Department of Chemistry , Binghamton University, State University of New York , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
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14
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Abstract
Fluorogenic probes efficiently reduce non-specific background signals, which often results in highly improved signal-to-noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Chemical Biology Research Group
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1117 Budapest
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1117 Budapest
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15
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Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. Emerging Applications of Fluorogenic and Non-fluorogenic Bifunctional Linkers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16484-16505. [PMID: 29893499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Homo- and hetero-bifunctional linkers play vital roles in constructing a variety of functional systems, ranging from protein bioconjugates with drugs and functional agents, to surface modification of nanoparticles and living cells, and to the cyclization/dimerization of synthetic polymers and biomolecules. Conventional approaches for assaying conjugation extents typically rely on ex situ techniques, such as mass spectrometry, gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography. If the conjugation process involving bifunctional linkers was rendered fluorogenic, then in situ monitoring, quantification, and optical tracking/visualization of relevant processes would be achieved. In this review, conventional non-fluorogenic linkers are first discussed. Then the focus is on the evolution and emerging applications of fluorogenic bifunctional linkers, which are categorized into hetero-bifunctional single-caging fluorogenic linkers, homo-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers, and hetero-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers. In addition, stimuli-cleavable bifunctional linkers designed for both conjugation and subsequent site-specific triggered release are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
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16
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Kormos A, Koehler C, Fodor EA, Rutkai ZR, Martin ME, Mező G, Lemke EA, Kele P. Bistetrazine-Cyanines as Double-Clicking Fluorogenic Two-Point Binder or Crosslinker Probes. Chemistry 2018; 24:8841-8847. [PMID: 29676491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes can be used to minimize the background fluorescence of unreacted and nonspecifically adsorbed reagents. The preceding years have brought substantial developments in the design and synthesis of bioorthogonally applicable fluorogenic systems mainly based on the quenching effects of azide and tetrazine moieties. The modulation power exerted by these bioorthogonal motifs typically becomes less efficient on more conjugated systems; that is, on probes with redshifted emission wavelength. To reach efficient quenching, that is, fluorogenicity, even in the red range of the spectrum, we present the synthesis, fluorogenic, and conjugation characterization of bistetrazine-cyanine probes with emission maxima between 600 and 620 nm. The probes can bind to genetically altered proteins harboring an 11-amino acid peptide tag with two appending cyclooctyne motifs. Moreover, we also demonstrate the use of these bistetrazines as fluorogenic, covalent cross-linkers between monocyclooctynylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kormos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Koehler
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter A Fodor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia R Rutkai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Madison E Martin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1a, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Kele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Gómez-SanJuan A, Gamo AM, Delang L, Pérez-Sánchez A, Amrun SN, Abdelnabi R, Jacobs S, Priego EM, Camarasa MJ, Jochmans D, Leyssen P, Ng LFP, Querat G, Neyts J, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Inhibition of the Replication of Different Strains of Chikungunya Virus by 3-Aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidin-7(6 H)-ones. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:605-619. [PMID: 29406692 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a serious global health threat. CHIKV is an alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes; therefore, their wide distribution significantly contributes to the globalization of the disease. Unfortunately, no effective antiviral drugs are available. We have identified a series of 3-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidin-7(6 H)-ones as selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication. New series of compounds have now been synthesized with the aim to improve their physicochemical properties and to potentiate the inhibitory activity against different CHIKV strains. Among these newly synthesized compounds modified at position 3 of the aryl ring, tetrahydropyranyl and N- t-butylpiperidine carboxamide derivatives have shown to elicit potent antiviral activity against different clinically relevant CHIKV isolates with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.30 to 4.5 μM in Vero cells, as well as anti-CHIKV activity in human skin fibroblasts (EC50 = 0.1 μM), a clinically relevant cell system for CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-SanJuan
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-María Gamo
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 04-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, 04-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Gilles Querat
- UMR “Émergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ−IRD 190−Inserm 1207−EHESP−IHU Méditerranée Infection), 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven−University
of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Zhou Z, Chitneni SK, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Fluorine-18 labeling of an anti-HER2 VHH using a residualizing prosthetic group via a strain-promoted click reaction: Chemistry and preliminary evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29534937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated a HER2-specific single domain antibody fragment (sdAb) 2Rs15d labeled with 18F via conjugation of a residualizing prosthetic agent that was synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In order to potentially increase overall efficiency and decrease the time required for labeling, we now investigate the use of a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between the 2Rs15d sdAb, which had been pre-derivatized with an azide-containing residualizing moiety, and an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d and a nonspecific sdAb R3B23 were pre-conjugated with a moiety containing both azide- and guanidine functionalities. The thus derivatized sdAbs were radiolabeled with 18F using an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative ([18F]F-ADIBO) via SPAAC, generating the desired conjugate ([18F]RL-II-sdAb). For comparison, unmodified 2Rs15d was labeled with N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB), the prototypical residualizing agent for radioiodination. Radiochemical purity (RCP), immunoreactive fraction (IRF), HER2-binding affinity and cellular uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were assessed in vitro. Paired label biodistribution of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, and microPET/CT imaging of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and the [18F]RL-II-R3B23 control sdAb were performed in nude mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts. A radiochemical yield of 23.9 ± 6.9% (n = 8) was achieved for the SPAAC reaction between [18F]F-ADIBO and azide-modified 2Rs15d and the RCP of the labeled sdAb was >95%. The affinity (Kd) and IRF for the binding of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d to HER2 were 5.6 ± 1.3 nM and 73.1 ± 22.5% (n = 3), respectively. The specific uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d by HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells in vitro was 14-17% of the input dose at 1, 2, and 4 h, slightly higher than seen for co-incubated [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. The uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d in SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h and 2 h p.i. were 5.54 ± 0.77% ID/g and 6.42 ± 1.70% ID/g, respectively, slightly higher than those for co-administered [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d (4.80 ± 0.78% ID/g and 4.78 ± 1.39% ID/g). MicroPET/CT imaging with [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d at 1-3 h p.i. clearly delineated SKOV-3 tumors while no significant accumulation of activity in tumor was seen for [18F]RL-II-R3B23. With the exception of kidneys, normal tissue levels for [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were low and cleared rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first time SPAAC method has been used to label an sdAb with 18F, especially with residualizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Pünkösti Z, Kele P, Herner A. Synthesis of 7-Azido-3-Formylcoumarin - A Key Precursor in Bioorthogonally Applicable Fluorogenic Dye Synthesis. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pünkösti
- Chemical Biology Research Group. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - András Herner
- Chemical Biology Research Group. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest H-1117 Hungary
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20
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Kozma E, Estrada Girona G, Paci G, Lemke EA, Kele P. Bioorthogonal double-fluorogenic siliconrhodamine probes for intracellular super-resolution microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:6696-6699. [PMID: 28530747 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02212c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of double-fluorogenic siliconrhodamine probes were synthesized. These tetrazine-functionalized, membrane-permeable labels allowed site-specific bioorthogonal tagging of genetically manipulated intracellular proteins and subsequent imaging using super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kozma
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - G Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - G Paci
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - E A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - P Kele
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Mendive-Tapia L, Subiros-Funosas R, Zhao C, Albericio F, Read ND, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Preparation of a Trp-BODIPY fluorogenic amino acid to label peptides for enhanced live-cell fluorescence imaging. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1588-1619. [PMID: 28703788 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent peptides are valuable tools for live-cell imaging because of the high specificity of peptide sequences for their biomolecular targets. When preparing fluorescent versions of peptides, labels must be introduced at appropriate positions in the sequences to provide suitable reporters while avoiding any impairment of the molecular recognition properties of the peptides. This protocol describes the preparation of the tryptophan (Trp)-based fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH and its incorporation into peptides for live-cell fluorescence imaging-an approach that is applicable to most peptide sequences. Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH contains a BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorogenic core, which works as an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, showing high fluorescence in lipophilic conditions. It is attached to Trp via a spacer-free C-C linkage, resulting in a labeled amino acid that can mimic the molecular interactions of Trp, enabling wash-free imaging. This protocol covers the chemical synthesis of the fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH (3-4 d), the preparation of the labeled antimicrobial peptide BODIPY-cPAF26 by solid-phase synthesis (6-7 d) and its spectral and biological characterization as a live-cell imaging probe for different fungal pathogens. As an example, we include a procedure for using BODIPY-cPAF26 for wash-free imaging of fungal pathogens, including real-time visualization of Aspergillus fumigatus (5 d for culturing, 1-2 d for imaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Subiros-Funosas
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick D Read
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Demeter O, Kormos A, Koehler C, Mező G, Németh K, Kozma E, Takács LB, Lemke EA, Kele P. Bisazide Cyanine Dyes as Fluorogenic Probes for Bis-Cyclooctynylated Peptide Tags and as Fluorogenic Cross-Linkers of Cyclooctynylated Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1552-1559. [PMID: 28441009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis and fluorogenic characterization of a series of double-quenched bisazide cyanine probes with emission maxima between 565 and 580 nm that can participate in covalent, two-point binding bioorthogonal tagging schemes in combination with bis-cyclooctynylated peptides. Compared to other fluorogenic cyanines, these double-quenched systems showed remarkable fluorescence intensity increase upon formation of cyclic dye-peptide conjugates. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that these bisazides are useful fluorogenic cross-linking platforms that are able to form a covalent linkage between monocyclooctynylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Demeter
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kormos
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Pázmány Péter sétány 1a, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kozma
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente B Takács
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Kele
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Liu W, Zheng Y, Kong X, Heinis C, Zhao Y, Wu C. Precisely Regulated and Efficient Locking of Linear Peptides into Stable Multicyclic Topologies through a One-Pot Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4458-4463. [PMID: 28240444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a small phenyl molecule with four isosteric thiolate-reactive groups of sequentially varied reactivity. This molecule was exploited in combination with cysteine/penicillamine thiolates of different nucleophilic reactivity for precisely regulated and efficient locking (PROP-locking) of linear peptides into multicyclic topologies through a one-pot reaction. The PROP-locking relies on multistep and sequential thiolate/fluorine nucleophilic substitutions, which is not only rapid but highly specific, thus enabling rapid locking of peptides with high amino acid diversities without protecting groups. Several tricyclic peptide templates and bioactive peptides were designed and synthesized using the PROP-locking strategy. We believe that tricyclic peptides precisely locked through stable thioether bonds should be promising structurally constrained scaffolds for developing potential therapeutics and target ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Kong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
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24
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Liu W, Zheng Y, Kong X, Heinis C, Zhao Y, Wu C. Precisely Regulated and Efficient Locking of Linear Peptides into Stable Multicyclic Topologies through a One-Pot Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Xudong Kong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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25
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de Moliner F, Kielland N, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Modern Synthetic Avenues for the Preparation of Functional Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3758-3769. [PMID: 27907246 PMCID: PMC5396271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research relies on the fast and accurate profiling of specific biomolecules and cells in a non‐invasive manner. Functional fluorophores are powerful tools for such studies. As these sophisticated structures are often difficult to access through conventional synthetic strategies, new chemical processes have been developed in the past few years. In this Minireview, we describe the most recent advances in the design, preparation, and fine‐tuning of fluorophores by means of multicomponent reactions, C−H activation processes, cycloadditions, and biomolecule‐based chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de Moliner
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nicola Kielland
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Brun O, Archibald LJ, Agramunt J, Pedroso E, Grandas A. Simultaneous Cyclization and Derivatization of Peptides Using Cyclopentenediones. Org Lett 2017; 19:992-995. [PMID: 28212041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected linear peptides containing N-terminal cysteines and another cysteine residue can be simultaneously cyclized and derivatized using 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentenediones. High yields of cyclic peptide conjugates may be obtained in short reaction times using only a slight excess of the cyclopentenedione moiety under TEMPO catalysis and in the presence of LiCl.
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de Moliner F, Kielland N, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Moderne Strategien zur Synthese funktioneller Fluorophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de Moliner
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research; The University of Edinburgh; 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Großbritannien
| | - Nicola Kielland
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12 Barcelona 08028 Spanien
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12 Barcelona 08028 Spanien
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 Barcelona 08028 Spanien
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research; The University of Edinburgh; 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Großbritannien
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