1
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Sushkin ME, Koehler C, Lemke EA. Remodeling the cellular stress response for enhanced genetic code expansion in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6931. [PMID: 37903771 PMCID: PMC10616097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic code expansion (GCE) reprograms the translational machinery to site-specifically incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into a selected protein. The efficiency of GCE in mammalian cells might be compromised by cellular stress responses, among which, the protein kinase R(PKR)-dependent eIF2α phosphorylation pathway can reduce translation rates. Here we test several strategies to engineer the eIF2α pathway and boost the rate of translation and show that such interventions increase GCE efficiency in mammalian cells. In particular, addition of the N-terminal PKR fragment (1-174) provides a substantial enhancement in cytoplasmic GCE and also in GCE realized by OTOs (orthogonally translating designer organelles), which built on the principle of 2D phase separation to enable mRNA-selective ncAA incorporation. Our study demonstrates an approach for improving the efficiency of GCE and provides a means by which the power of designer organelles can be further optimized to tune protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Sushkin
- Biocenter, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme of the Institute of Molecular Biology, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Koehler
- Biocenter, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- VERAXA Biotech GmbH, Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Ring 5, 69124, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Biocenter, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH, Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Koehler C, Sauter PF, Klasen B, Waldmann C, Pektor S, Bausbacher N, Lemke EA, Miederer M. Genetic Code Expansion for Site-Specific Labeling of Antibodies with Radioisotopes. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:443-448. [PMID: 36889678 PMCID: PMC10029752 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their target specificity, antibody-drug conjugates─monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a cytotoxic moiety─are efficient therapeutics that can kill malignant cells overexpressing a target gene. Linking an antibody with radioisotopes (radioimmunoconjugates) enables powerful diagnostics and/or closely related therapeutic applications, depending on the isotope. To generate site-specific radioimmunoconjugates, we utilized genetic code expansion and subsequent conjugation by inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. We show that, using this approach, site-specific labeling of trastuzumab with either zirconium-89 (89Zr) for diagnostics or lutetium-177 (177Lu) for therapeutics yields efficient radioimmunoconjugates. Positron emission tomography imaging revealed a high accumulation of site-specifically 89Zr-labeled trastuzumab in tumors after 24 h and low accumulation in other organs. The corresponding 177Lu-trastuzumab radioimmunoconjugates were comparably distributed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koehler
- VERAXA
Biotech GmbH, Carl-Friedrich
Gauß-Ring 5, 69124 Heidelberg, Germany
- Structural
and Computational Biology Unit, European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul F. Sauter
- VERAXA
Biotech GmbH, Carl-Friedrich
Gauß-Ring 5, 69124 Heidelberg, Germany
- Structural
and Computational Biology Unit, European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Klasen
- Department
of Chemistry, TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher Waldmann
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical
Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical
Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical
Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- BIOCENTER, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IMB
Institute
of Molecular Biology, gGmbH, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical
Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Pistocchi A, Andersen HR, Bertanza G, Brander A, Choubert JM, Cimbritz M, Drewes JE, Koehler C, Krampe J, Launay M, Nielsen PH, Obermaier N, Stanev S, Thornberg D. Treatment of micropollutants in wastewater: Balancing effectiveness, costs and implications. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157593. [PMID: 35914591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we analyse scenarios of advanced wastewater treatment for the removal of micropollutants. By this we refer to current mainstream, broad spectrum processes including ozonation and sorption onto activated carbon. We argue that advanced treatment requires properly implemented tertiary (nutrient removal) treatment in order to be effective. We review the critical aspects of the main advanced treatment options, their advantages and disadvantages. We propose a quantification of the costs of implementing advanced treatment, as well as upgrading plants from secondary to tertiary treatment when needed, and we illustrate what drives the costs of advanced treatment for a set of standard configurations. We propose a cost function to represent the total costs (investment, operation and maintenance) of advanced treatment. We quantify the implications of advanced treatment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the indicators of total toxic discharge, toxicity at the discharge points and toxicity across the stream network discussed in Pistocchi et al. (2022), we compare costs and effectiveness of different scenarios of advanced treatment. In principle the total toxic load and toxicity at the points of discharge could be reduced by about 75 % if advanced treatment processes were implemented virtually at all wastewater treatment plants, but this would entail costs of about 4 billion euro/year for the European Union as a whole. We consider a "compromise" scenario where advanced treatment is required at plants of 100 thousand population equivalents (PE) or larger, or at plants between 10 and 100 thousand PE if the dilution ratio at the discharge point is 10 or less. Under this scenario, the length of the stream network exposed to high toxicity would not increase significantly compared to the previous scenario, and the other indicators would not deteriorate significantly, while the costs would remain at about 1.5 billion Euro/year. Arguably, costs could be further reduced, without a worsening of water quality, if we replace a local risk assessment to generic criteria of plant capacity and dilution in order to determine if a WWTP requires advanced treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pistocchi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - H R Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Krampe
- TU Wien, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Reinkemeier CD, Koehler C, Sauter PF, Shymanska NV, Echalier C, Rutkowska A, Will DW, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Ring-Strained Noncanonical Amino Acids for Residue-Specific Bioorthogonal Reactions in Living Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:6094-6099. [PMID: 33577120 PMCID: PMC8049044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions are ideally suited to selectively modify proteins in complex environments, even in vivo. Kinetics and product stability of these reactions are crucial parameters to evaluate their usefulness for specific applications. Strain promoted inverse electron demand Diels–Alder cycloadditions (SPIEDAC) between tetrazines and strained alkenes or alkynes are particularly popular, as they allow ultrafast labeling inside cells. In combination with genetic code expansion (GCE)‐a method that allows to incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) site‐specifically into proteins in vivo. These reactions enable residue‐specific fluorophore attachment to proteins in living mammalian cells. Several SPIEDAC capable ncAAs have been presented and studied under diverse conditions, revealing different instabilities ranging from educt decomposition to product loss due to β‐elimination. To identify which compounds yield the best labeling inside living mammalian cells has frequently been difficult. In this study we present a) the synthesis of four new SPIEDAC reactive ncAAs that cannot undergo β‐elimination and b) a fluorescence flow cytometry based FRET‐assay to measure reaction kinetics inside living cells. Our results, which at first sight can be seen conflicting with some other studies, capture GCE‐specific experimental conditions, such as long‐term exposure of the ring‐strained ncAA to living cells, that are not taken into account in other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Reinkemeier
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
- Biocentre, Departments of Biology and Chemistry JohannesGutenberg-University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 1755128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAckermannweg 455128MainzGermany
| | - Christine Koehler
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
- Biocentre, Departments of Biology and Chemistry JohannesGutenberg-University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 1755128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAckermannweg 455128MainzGermany
- ARAXA Biosciences GmbHMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Paul F. Sauter
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
- ARAXA Biosciences GmbHMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Cecile Echalier
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Anna Rutkowska
- Cellzome GmbHGlaxoSmithKlineMeyerhofstrasse 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - David W. Will
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Chemical Physiology and BiochemistryOregon Health & Science University (OHSU)PortlandOregon97239-3098USA
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstr.169117HeidelbergGermany
- Biocentre, Departments of Biology and Chemistry JohannesGutenberg-University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 1755128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAckermannweg 455128MainzGermany
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5
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Abstract
Genetic code expansion (GCE) is a versatile tool to site-specifically incorporate a noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) into a protein, for example, to perform fluorescent labeling inside living cells. To this end, an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase/tRNA (RS/tRNA) pair is used to insert the ncAA in response to an amber stop codon in the protein of interest. One of the drawbacks of this system is that, in order to achieve maximum efficiency, high levels of the orthogonal tRNA are required, and this could interfere with host cell functionality. To minimize the adverse effects on the host, we have developed an inducible GCE system that enables us to switch on tRNA or RS expression when needed. In particular, we tested different promotors in the context of the T-REx or Tet-On systems to control expression of the desired orthogonal tRNA and/or RS. We discuss our result with respect to the control of GCE components as well as efficiency. We found that only the T-REx system enables simultaneous control of tRNA and RS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koehler
- BiocentreJohannes-Gutenberg University Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH55128MainzGermany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
- ARAXA Biosciences GmbHMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gemma Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christopher D. Reinkemeier
- BiocentreJohannes-Gutenberg University Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH55128MainzGermany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- BiocentreJohannes-Gutenberg University Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH55128MainzGermany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
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6
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Gallé T, Koehler C, Plattes M, Pittois D, Bayerle M, Carafa R, Christen A, Hansen J. Large-scale determination of micropollutant elimination from municipal wastewater by passive sampling gives new insights in governing parameters and degradation patterns. Water Res 2019; 160:380-393. [PMID: 31158619 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple balancing method using passive samplers over a week's period has been developed and tested successfully to determine elimination rates of 22 common micropollutants of household and industrial sources in 18 full-scale wastewater treatment plants of different design and performance. Independent reactor tests to delineate elimination rates with native sludge of the treatment plants correlated very well with the full-scale elimination rate determinations. As opposed to common assumptions, this large dataset indicated that shorter sludge retention times - read: higher active biomass - showed higher micropollutant elimination rates in many cases. Multivariate statistical analysis of the elimination rates over the 18 treatment plants was able to group compounds according to common degradation pathways and showed that sensitivity to SRT drove the grouping. The dataset also allowed to determine population equivalent normalized loads of the investigated micropollutants. The application of WWTP balancing with passive sampling makes it relatively easy to gather elimination rates and inlet loads on a much broader basis than before and gives orientation for more in-depth analysis of degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gallé
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - C Koehler
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - M Plattes
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - D Pittois
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - M Bayerle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - R Carafa
- Rovira i Virgili University, Tecnatox - Department of Chemical Engineering, Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Christen
- University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, 6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg
| | - J Hansen
- University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, 6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg
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7
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Kormos A, Koehler C, Fodor EA, Rutkai ZR, Martin ME, Mező G, Lemke EA, Kele P. Bistetrazine-Cyanines as Double-Clicking Fluorogenic Two-Point Binder or Crosslinker Probes. Chemistry 2018; 24:8841-8847. [PMID: 29676491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes can be used to minimize the background fluorescence of unreacted and nonspecifically adsorbed reagents. The preceding years have brought substantial developments in the design and synthesis of bioorthogonally applicable fluorogenic systems mainly based on the quenching effects of azide and tetrazine moieties. The modulation power exerted by these bioorthogonal motifs typically becomes less efficient on more conjugated systems; that is, on probes with redshifted emission wavelength. To reach efficient quenching, that is, fluorogenicity, even in the red range of the spectrum, we present the synthesis, fluorogenic, and conjugation characterization of bistetrazine-cyanine probes with emission maxima between 600 and 620 nm. The probes can bind to genetically altered proteins harboring an 11-amino acid peptide tag with two appending cyclooctyne motifs. Moreover, we also demonstrate the use of these bistetrazines as fluorogenic, covalent cross-linkers between monocyclooctynylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kormos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Koehler
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eszter A Fodor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia R Rutkai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Madison E Martin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1a, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Kele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Serdy MG, Hornof W, Koehler C, Chiu D, Vasseur PB, Schulz KS. Closed Toggle Pinning for Canine Traumatic Coxofemoral Luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA method of closed implantation of a toggle pin bone anchor and prosthetic ligament was developed for the treatment of traumatic canine coxofemoral luxation. Radiographic and anatomical evaluation of the canine femur and acetabulum were performed in order to develop an imaging and instrumentation technique that would allow closed placement of a toggle pin bone anchor under fluoroscopic guidance, while at the same time minimizing, or eliminating, damage to the articular cartilage. The surgical technique was then performed in 14 canine cadaver coxofemoral joints, followed by gross evaluation of implant placement, and potential cartilage or soft tissue damage. The cervical canal radiographic view of the proximal femur allowed placement of the drill hole through the fovea capitis of the femoral head without damaging the articular cartilage. The acetabular fossa was readily distinguishable from the acetabular articular cartilage on both of the lateral and ventrodorsal radiographic views of the pelvis. The toggle pin apparatus was inserted without damage to the articular cartilage in nine out of the fourteen hips and the bone tunnels were situated within the cancellous bone of the femoral neck in each of the nine specimens evaluated. Complications encountered during the procedure included bending and/or breakage of the guide wire in three hips and damage to the articular cartilage in two hips. The success of technique modifications designed to diminish the incidence of these complications awaits investigation in a clinical trial. Closed toggle pinning for canine traumatic coxofemoral luxation has the potential advantage of achieving rapid stabilization of the coxofemoral joint without damage to the articular cartilage and the need for an open approach to the joint. The clinical application of the technique is reported in one patient.The equipment and methodology for closed implantation of a toggle pin bone anchor and prosthetic ligament was developed for the treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxation. A cadaver study was performed to assess the viability of the technique. Clinical application in one case is described.
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9
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Abstract
The combination of genetic code expansion (GCE) and baculovirus-based protein expression in Spodoptera frugiperda cells is a powerful tool to express multiprotein complexes with site-specifically introduced noncanonical amino acids. This protocol describes the integration of synthetase and tRNA gene indispensable for GCE into the backbone of the Bacmid, the Tn7-mediated transposition of various genes of interest, as well as the final expression of protein using the MultiBacTAG system with different noncanonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, Mainz, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Gupta K, Watson AA, Baptista T, Scheer E, Chambers AL, Koehler C, Zou J, Obong-Ebong I, Kandiah E, Temblador A, Round A, Forest E, Man P, Bieniossek C, Laue ED, Lemke EA, Rappsilber J, Robinson CV, Devys D, Tora L, Berger I. Architecture of TAF11/TAF13/TBP complex suggests novel regulation properties of general transcription factor TFIID. eLife 2017; 6:e30395. [PMID: 29111974 PMCID: PMC5690282 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
General transcription factor TFIID is a key component of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation. Human TFIID is a megadalton-sized complex comprising TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAFs). TBP binds to core promoter DNA, recognizing the TATA-box. We identified a ternary complex formed by TBP and the histone fold (HF) domain-containing TFIID subunits TAF11 and TAF13. We demonstrate that TAF11/TAF13 competes for TBP binding with TATA-box DNA, and also with the N-terminal domain of TAF1 previously implicated in TATA-box mimicry. In an integrative approach combining crystal coordinates, biochemical analyses and data from cross-linking mass-spectrometry (CLMS), we determine the architecture of the TAF11/TAF13/TBP complex, revealing TAF11/TAF13 interaction with the DNA binding surface of TBP. We identify a highly conserved C-terminal TBP-interaction domain (CTID) in TAF13, which is essential for supporting cell growth. Our results thus have implications for cellular TFIID assembly and suggest a novel regulatory state for TFIID function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- BrisSynBio Centre, The School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Tiago Baptista
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire IGBMCIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Elisabeth Scheer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire IGBMCIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Anna L Chambers
- BrisSynBio Centre, The School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Chair of BioanalyticsInstitute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Ima Obong-Ebong
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Eaazhisai Kandiah
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
- Institut de Biologie Structurale IBSGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Adam Round
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
| | - Eric Forest
- Institut de Biologie Structurale IBSGrenobleFrance
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of MicrobiologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesVestecCzech Republic
- BioCeV - Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Ernest D Laue
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Chair of BioanalyticsInstitute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Didier Devys
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire IGBMCIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Làszlò Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire IGBMCIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Imre Berger
- BrisSynBio Centre, The School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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11
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Demeter O, Kormos A, Koehler C, Mező G, Németh K, Kozma E, Takács LB, Lemke EA, Kele P. Bisazide Cyanine Dyes as Fluorogenic Probes for Bis-Cyclooctynylated Peptide Tags and as Fluorogenic Cross-Linkers of Cyclooctynylated Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1552-1559. [PMID: 28441009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis and fluorogenic characterization of a series of double-quenched bisazide cyanine probes with emission maxima between 565 and 580 nm that can participate in covalent, two-point binding bioorthogonal tagging schemes in combination with bis-cyclooctynylated peptides. Compared to other fluorogenic cyanines, these double-quenched systems showed remarkable fluorescence intensity increase upon formation of cyclic dye-peptide conjugates. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that these bisazides are useful fluorogenic cross-linking platforms that are able to form a covalent linkage between monocyclooctynylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Demeter
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kormos
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Pázmány Péter sétány 1a, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kozma
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente B Takács
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Kele
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Nikić I, Estrada Girona G, Kang JH, Paci G, Mikhaleva S, Koehler C, Shymanska NV, Ventura Santos C, Spitz D, Lemke EA. Titelbild: Verbesserte Erweiterung des eukaryotischen genetischen Codes für seitenspezifische, hochauflösende Click-PAINT-Mikroskopie (Angew. Chem. 52/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikić
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Werner Reichardt Zentrum für integrative Neurowissenschaften; Universität Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Gemma Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jun Hee Kang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Giulia Paci
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Sofya Mikhaleva
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nataliia V. Shymanska
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Camilla Ventura Santos
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Spitz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
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Nikić I, Estrada Girona G, Kang JH, Paci G, Mikhaleva S, Koehler C, Shymanska NV, Ventura Santos C, Spitz D, Lemke EA. Cover Picture: Debugging Eukaryotic Genetic Code Expansion for Site-Specific Click-PAINT Super-Resolution Microscopy (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikić
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
- Present address: Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative, Neuroscience; University of Tübingen; Tübingen 72076 Germany
| | - Gemma Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jun Hee Kang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Giulia Paci
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sofya Mikhaleva
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nataliia V. Shymanska
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Camilla Ventura Santos
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Spitz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
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Nikić I, Estrada Girona G, Kang JH, Paci G, Mikhaleva S, Koehler C, Shymanska NV, Ventura Santos C, Spitz D, Lemke EA. Debugging Eukaryotic Genetic Code Expansion for Site-Specific Click-PAINT Super-Resolution Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16172-16176. [PMID: 27804198 PMCID: PMC5215487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Super‐resolution microscopy (SRM) greatly benefits from the ability to install small photostable fluorescent labels into proteins. Genetic code expansion (GCE) technology addresses this demand, allowing the introduction of small labeling sites, in the form of uniquely reactive noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), at any residue in a target protein. However, low incorporation efficiency of ncAAs and high background fluorescence limit its current SRM applications. Redirecting the subcellular localization of the pyrrolysine‐based GCE system for click chemistry, combined with DNA‐PAINT microscopy, enables the visualization of even low‐abundance proteins inside mammalian cells. This approach links a versatile, biocompatible, and potentially unbleachable labeling method with residue‐specific precision. Moreover, our reengineered GCE system eliminates untargeted background fluorescence and substantially boosts the expression yield, which is of general interest for enhanced protein engineering in eukaryotes using GCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikić
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Present address: Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative, Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Gemma Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Hee Kang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Paci
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofya Mikhaleva
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nataliia V Shymanska
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camilla Ventura Santos
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nikić I, Estrada Girona G, Kang JH, Paci G, Mikhaleva S, Koehler C, Shymanska NV, Ventura Santos C, Spitz D, Lemke EA. Verbesserte Erweiterung des eukaryotischen genetischen Codes für seitenspezifische, hochauflösende Click-PAINT-Mikroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikić
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Werner Reichardt Zentrum für integrative Neurowissenschaften; Universität Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Gemma Estrada Girona
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jun Hee Kang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Giulia Paci
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Sofya Mikhaleva
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nataliia V. Shymanska
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Camilla Ventura Santos
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Spitz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit; EMBL; Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Deutschland
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Koehler C, Sauter P, Wawryszyn M, Estrada Girona G, Fritz MH, Biskup M, Besir H, Berger I, Benes V, Korbel J, Braese S, Lemke EA. A New Tool for Custom Protein Design and Engineering - DH10 Bac-TAG. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Valle Aramburu I, Mercadante D, Milles S, Ringkjøbing M, Banterle N, Koehler C, Tyagi S, Clarke J, Shammas SL, Blackledge M, Gräter F, Lemke EA. Plasticity of Nucleoporin Nuclear Transport Receptor Interactions - Molecular Description of a Highly Dynamic, Ultrafast Interaction Mechanism. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hoffmann JE, Plass T, Nikić I, Aramburu IV, Koehler C, Gillandt H, Lemke EA, Schultz C. Frontispiece: Highly Stable trans-Cyclooctene Amino Acids for Live-Cell Labeling. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201583561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hoffmann JE, Plass T, Nikić I, Aramburu IV, Koehler C, Gillandt H, Lemke EA, Schultz C. Highly Stabletrans-Cyclooctene Amino Acids for Live-Cell Labeling. Chemistry 2015; 21:12266-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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von Voithenberg LV, Barth A, Tyagi S, Koehler C, Lemke EA, Lamb DC. Conformational Dynamics of Molecular Chaperones Investigated by Single Molecule Multicolor Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Pavic K, Rios P, Dzeyk K, Koehler C, Lemke EA, Köhn M. Unnatural amino acid mutagenesis reveals dimerization as a negative regulatory mechanism of VHR's phosphatase activity. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1451-9. [PMID: 24798147 DOI: 10.1021/cb500240n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase is a dual specificity phosphatase that is required for cell-cycle progression and plays a role in cell growth of certain cancers. Therefore, it represents a potential drug target. VHR is structurally and biochemically well characterized, yet its regulatory principles are still poorly understood. Understanding its regulation is important, not only to comprehend VHR's biological mechanisms and roles but also to determine its potential and druggability as a target in cancer. Here, we investigated the functional role of the unique "variable insert" region in VHR by selectively introducing the photo-cross-linkable amino acid para-benzoylphenylalanine (pBPA) using the amber suppression method. This approach led to the discovery of VHR dimerization, which was further confirmed using traditional chemical cross-linkers. Phe68 in VHR was discovered as a residue involved in the dimerization. We demonstrate that VHR can dimerize inside cells, and that VHR catalytic activity is reduced upon dimerization. Our results suggest that dimerization could occlude the active site of VHR, thereby blocking its accessibility to substrates. These findings indicate that the previously unknown transient self-association of VHR acts as a means for the negative regulation of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pavic
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Rios
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Dzeyk
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Koehler
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Genome Biology Unit, ‡Proteomics Core Facility and §Structural and Computational Biology
Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rassweiler MC, Banckwitz R, Koehler C, Mueller-Allissat B, Michel MS, Häcker A, Ritter M. New developed urological protocols for the Uro Dyna-CT reduce radiation exposure of endourological patients below the levels of the low dose standard CT scans. World J Urol 2013; 32:1213-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Beyer-Westendorf J, Ebertz F, Gelbricht V, Foerster K, Tittl L, Werth S, Koehler C. Real life efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: updated results of the prospective NOAC registry (NCT01588119). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Beyer-Westendorf J, Ebertz F, Gelbricht V, Foerster K, Tittl L, Werth S, Koehler C. Real life efficacy and safety of dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: updated results of the prospective NOAC registry (NCT01588119). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Schaper F, Koehler C, Duetting ED, Hanefeld M. Einfluss von Hypoglykämien auf die akute Herzfunktion bei Typ 2 Diabetes-Patienten: Simultane CGM- und EKG- Messungen unter Therapie mit DPP-4 Inhibitoren Vildagliptin und Sitagliptin bei Insulin-behandelten Patienten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Beyer-Westendorf J, Gelbricht V, Foerster K, Ebertz F, Koehler C, Tittl L, Werth S. Periinterventional management of novel oral anticoagulants: results of the prospective Dresden NOAC registry. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Scherzed A, Hackenberg S, Froelich K, Rak K, Technau A, Radeloff A, Nöth U, Koehler C, Hagen R, Kleinsasser N. Effects of salinomycin on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:207-14. [PMID: 23410960 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist, including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs, the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC. The immunophenotype of hBMSC after salinomycin exposure was observed by flow cytometry. The multi-differentiation capacity of hBMSC was evaluated by Oil Red O and van Kossa staining. Cytotoxic effects of salinomycin were monitored by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Furthermore, spheroid formation and migration capacity were assessed. There were no differences in the immunophenotype and multi-differentiation capacity of hBMSC induced by salinomycin treatment. Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of 30 μM and above. Neither the migration capability nor the ability to form spheroids was affected. Essential functional properties of hBMSC were unaffected by salinomycin. However, dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects could be observed. Overall, low dose salinomycin showed no negative effects on hBMSC. Since mesenchymal stem cells from various sources respond differently, further in vitro studies are needed to clarify the effect of salinomycin on tissue-specific stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scherzed
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Koehler C, Round A, Simader H, Suck D, Svergun D. Quaternary structure of the yeast Arc1p-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in solution and its compaction upon binding of tRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:667-76. [PMID: 23161686 PMCID: PMC3592460 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) GluRS and MetRS form a complex with the auxiliary protein cofactor Arc1p. The latter binds the N-terminal domains of both synthetases increasing their affinity for the transfer-RNA (tRNA) substrates tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Glu). Until now, structural information was available only on the enzymatic domains of the individual aaRSs but not on their complexes with associated cofactors. We have analysed the yeast Arc1p-complexes in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The ternary complex of MetRS and GluRS with Arc1p, displays a peculiar extended star-like shape, implying possible flexibility of the complex. We reconstituted in vitro a pentameric complex and demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that the complex is active and contains tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Glu), in addition to the three protein partners. SAXS reveals that binding of the tRNAs leads to a dramatic compaction of the pentameric complex compared to the ternary one. A hybrid low-resolution model of the pentameric complex is constructed rationalizing the compaction effect by the interactions of negatively charged tRNA backbones with the positively charged tRNA-binding domains of the synthetases.
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MESH Headings
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/chemistry
- Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
- Methionine-tRNA Ligase/chemistry
- Methionine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Transfer, Glu/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Glu/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Met/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Scattering, Small Angle
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koehler
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany, EMBL UVHCI, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France, Proteros Biostructure, Martinsried-München, 82152 and EMBL Outstation Hamburg, c/o/DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, 22603, Germany
| | - Adam Round
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany, EMBL UVHCI, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France, Proteros Biostructure, Martinsried-München, 82152 and EMBL Outstation Hamburg, c/o/DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, 22603, Germany
| | - Hannes Simader
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany, EMBL UVHCI, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France, Proteros Biostructure, Martinsried-München, 82152 and EMBL Outstation Hamburg, c/o/DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, 22603, Germany
| | - Dietrich Suck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany, EMBL UVHCI, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France, Proteros Biostructure, Martinsried-München, 82152 and EMBL Outstation Hamburg, c/o/DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, 22603, Germany
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany, EMBL UVHCI, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France, Proteros Biostructure, Martinsried-München, 82152 and EMBL Outstation Hamburg, c/o/DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, 22603, Germany
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30
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Milles S, Tyagi S, Plass T, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Labeling Freedom for the Single Molecule Microscopist. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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31
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Milles S, Koehler C, Gambin Y, Deniz AA, Lemke EA. Intramolecular three-colour single pair FRET of intrinsically disordered proteins with increased dynamic range. Mol Biosyst 2012; 8:2531-4. [PMID: 22739670 PMCID: PMC3441834 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule observation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer can be used to provide insight into the structure and dynamics of proteins. Using a straightforward triple-colour labelling strategy, we present a measurement and analysis scheme that can simultaneously study multiple regions within single intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Milles
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: +49 6221 387-536; Tel: +49 6221 387-537;
| | - Christine Koehler
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: +49 6221 387-536; Tel: +49 6221 387-537;
| | - Yann Gambin
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia. Fax: +61 7 334 62101; Tel: +61 7 334 62334
| | - Ashok A Deniz
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92038. Fax: 858 784-9067; Tel: 858 785-9868;
| | - Edward A Lemke
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: +49 6221 387-536; Tel: +49 6221 387-537;
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Stahn A, Thomas A, Koehler C, Hanefeld M. Beziehungen zwischen Hypoglykämien, Glukoseschwankungen und Arrhythmien bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Becker H, Hanefeld M, Tielsch K, Koehler C. Ein einfacher Score zur Früherkennung von Diabetes mellitus Typ2 und Metabolischem Syndrom. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Szymański J, Mueller R, Wießler M, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Amino Acids for Diels-Alder Reactions in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4166-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Szymański J, Mueller R, Wießler M, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Amino Acids for Diels-Alder Reactions in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Koehler C, Ginzkey C, Kleinsasser NH, Hagen R, Reiners C, Verburg FA. Short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency does not influence sleep parameters. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:253-8. [PMID: 22411172 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency on sleep is currently still unknown. Several studies have demonstrated an effect of long-term hypothyroidism on sleep disorders due to anatomical changes of the pharynx or body mass. The aim of this preliminary study, however, is to evaluate the changes in sleep patterns of patients with short-term hypothyroidism to elucidate the isolated effect of thyroid hormone withdrawal before anatomical changes can potentially occur. METHODS Ten patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Two patients discontinued the study and one patient was finally excluded due to obesity, so that the datasets of seven patients were available for study analysis. During the course of carcinoma treatment, each patient had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and I-131 remnant ablation. Polysomnographic measurements were performed twice: (1) over the course of two consecutive nights during severe thyroid hormone deficiency after levothyroxine withdrawal and prior to further diagnostics and therapy and (2) during euthyroidism after substitution with levothyroxine. RESULTS Comparison of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale during hypo- and euthyroidism for each patient revealed no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, the comparison of polysomnographic parameters like (1) apnea-hypopnea index, (2) the duration of various sleep stages, (3) duration of rapid eye movement sleep, (4) latency until rapid eye movement sleep, (5) total sleep time, (6) periodic leg movements, and (7) arousal index showed no statistically significant differences between the hypothyroid or euthyroid state. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, in this preliminary experimental setting, short-term severe thyroid hormone deficiency per se does not cause sleep disturbances and a feeling of fatigue as described in other studies may be due to changes in perception or brain metabolism during hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koehler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Milles S, Tyagi S, Banterle N, Koehler C, VanDelinder V, Plass T, Neal AP, Lemke EA. Click strategies for single-molecule protein fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5187-95. [PMID: 22356317 DOI: 10.1021/ja210587q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule methods have matured into central tools for studies in biology. Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques, in particular, have been widely applied to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. The major bottleneck for a facile and general application of these studies arises from the need to label biological samples site-specifically with suitable fluorescent dyes. In this work, we present an optimized strategy combining click chemistry and the genetic encoding of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) to overcome this limitation for proteins. We performed a systematic study with a variety of clickable UAAs and explored their potential for high-resolution single-molecule FRET (smFRET). We determined all parameters that are essential for successful single-molecule studies, such as accessibility of the probes, expression yield of proteins, and quantitative labeling. Our multiparameter fluorescence analysis allowed us to gain new insights into the effects and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes linked to various UAAs for smFRET measurements. This led us to determine that, from the extended tool set that we now present, genetically encoding propargyllysine has major advantages for state-of-the-art measurements compared to other UAAs. Using this optimized system, we present a biocompatible one-step dual-labeling strategy of the regulatory protein RanBP3 with full labeling position freedom. Our technique allowed us then to determine that the region encompassing two FxFG repeat sequences adopts a disordered but collapsed state. RanBP3 serves here as a prototypical protein that, due to its multiple cysteines, size, and partially disordered structure, is not readily accessible to any of the typical structure determination techniques such as smFRET, NMR, and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Milles
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Plass T, Milles S, Koehler C, Schultz C, Lemke EA. Labeling Freedom for the Single Molecule Microscopist. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Koehler C, Gottschalk E, Chiantera V, Marnitz S, Hasenbein K, Schneider A. From laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy to vaginal assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. BJOG 2011; 119:254-62. [PMID: 22082331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard surgical treatment for patients with early stage cervical cancer. The majority of radical hysterectomies are performed with the open technique. However, laparoscopic, combined laparoscopic and vaginal, and robotic-assisted approaches may also be used. Compared with the abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH), laparoscopic techniques are associated with less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, better cosmesis, and faster recovery. A further breakthrough in laparoscopic technique can only be made if safety and oncological clearance are comparable with ARH. We describe the technique and results of laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy and the transition to vaginal assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koehler
- Department of Gynaecology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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Hofer M, Koehler C, Li W, Manders P, Campbell I. PS1-113 Loss of IRF9 prevents lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice at the cost of viral persistence and chronic inflammation in the CNS. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carsten Schultz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBLMeyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-397-536
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBLMeyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-397-536
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Altenburg N, Joraschky P, Barthel A, Bittner A, Pöhlmann K, Rietzsch H, Fischer S, Mennicken G, Koehler C, Bornstein SR. Alcohol consumption and other psycho-social conditions as important factors in the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 2011; 28:168-74. [PMID: 21219424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize bio-psycho-social factors, particularly mental disorders and self-harm behaviour, associated with the development of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS Two groups of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcers (n=47 in each group) with similar sex, age and diabetes duration were assessed for mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Self-harm behaviour, quality of life, depressive symptoms and self-compassion were rated using different standard questionnaires. RESULTS Patients from the ulcer group visited their practitioners and/or psychotherapists less frequently in the last 12 months than patients in the control group 0 vs. 13%; P=0.026). The ulcer group patients had a history of increased alcohol consumption (43 vs. 19%; P=0.025), lower levels of education (8 vs. 10 grades; P=0.014) and income (1190 vs. 1535 €/month; P=0.039). Additionally, they were less likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders (11 vs. 32%; P=0.022). No significant differences in glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, smoking and direct self-harm behaviour were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with foot ulcers tend to exhibit lower health-conscious behaviour, particularly higher lifetime alcohol consumption, lower utilization of medical services and less general anxiety. Practitioners should be aware of these behaviours, since early detection of diabetes patients at psycho-social risk and consecutive psychological intervention may be an effective preventive strategy in avoiding the development of foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany.
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Engler B, Koehler C, Hoffmann C, Landgraf W, Bilz S, Schoner C, Bornstein SR, Hanefeld M. Relationship between HbA1c on target, risk of silent hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2011; 119:59-61. [PMID: 21246466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1262874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare time spent at low glucose level (silent hypoglycemia, glucose <3.0 mmol/l) and glycemic variability in patients who reached HbA1c <7.0% with those who did not. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 108 type 2 diabetic patients the interstitial glucose concentration was measured with CGMS (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System) over 72 h. Patients were divided in group 1 with an HbA1c <7.0% (n=63) and group 2 with an HbA1c≥7.0% (n=45). RESULTS 24% in group 1 experienced silent hypoglycemia vs. 11% in group 2 (n. s.), duration of silent hypoglycemia over 48 h was 27±71 min vs. 7±36 min (n. s.). This was also valid for the subgroups treated with insulin. Patients in group 2 had a significantly higher standard deviation of average glucose (2.3±0.8 vs. 1.3±0.6; p<0.001) and MAGE (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions) (4.8±2.1 vs. 2.6±1.1; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Silent hypoglycemia tended to occur more often and to last longer in patients with HbA1c <7%. However, patients with HbA1c >7% had a higher glycemic variability. HbA1c >7% wasn't a reliable indicator of lower risk of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Engler
- GWT-TUD GmbH, Center for Clinical Studies, Dresden, Germany
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Koehler C, Ginzkey C, Friehs G, Hackenberg S, Froelich K, Scherzed A, Burghartz M, Kessler M, Kleinsasser N. Aspects of nitrogen dioxide toxicity in environmental urban concentrations in human nasal epithelium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:219-25. [PMID: 20214917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) as part of urban exhaust pollution are widely discussed as potential hazards to human health. This study focuses on toxic effects of NO(2) in realistic environmental concentrations with respect to the current limit values in a human target tissue of volatile xenobiotics, the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Nasal epithelial cells of 10 patients were cultured as an air-liquid interface and exposed to 0.01 ppm NO(2), 0.1 ppm NO(2), 1 ppm NO(2), 10 ppm NO(2) and synthetic air for half an hour. After exposure, genotoxicity was evaluated by the alkaline single-cell microgel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and by induction of micronuclei in the micronucleus test. Depression of proliferation and cytotoxic effects were determined using the micronucleus assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. The experiments revealed genotoxic effects by DNA fragmentation starting at 0.01 ppm NO(2) in the Comet assay, but no micronucleus inductions, no changes in proliferation, no signs of necrosis or apoptosis in the micronucleus assay, nor did the trypan blue exclusion assay show any changes in viability. The present data reveal a possible genotoxicity of NO(2) in urban concentrations in a screening test. However, permanent DNA damage as indicated by the induction of micronuclei was not observed. Further research should elucidate the effects of prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koehler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Hanefeld M, Koehler C, Hoffmann C, Wilhelm K, Kamke W, Gerstein H. Effect of targeting normal fasting glucose levels with basal insulin glargine on glycaemic variability and risk of hypoglycaemia: a randomized, controlled study in patients with early Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:175-80. [PMID: 20546261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this sub-study of the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial was to determine efficacy and safety of targeting normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in patients with early Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine in comparison with standard care. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to insulin or standard care. Insulin was titrated to reach FPG <or= 5.3 mmol/l. Two years after randomization in a small subset (43 glargine, 32 standard care), continuous glucose measurement (CGMS System Gold), including a test meal, was performed. Sixteen volunteers with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as control subjects. Objectives were glycaemic variability, standard deviation (sd), mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE) with postprandial glucose excursion after the test meal, time spent < 3.0 mmol/l interstitial glucose. RESULTS Participants allocated to insulin and standard care had FPG levels of 5.3 and 6.1 mmol/l (P = 0.019) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 5.7% and 5.9%, respectively (P < 0.025). Time (min/24 h) spent at low glucose levels was not significantly different between groups (30.6 +/- 83.8 min control subjects, 33.7 +/- 75.1 min insulin, 10.6 +/- 50.6 min standard care). Standard deviation and MAGE were similar for glargine and standard care, but significantly higher than in control subjects. If FPG was < 5.3 mmol/l, the postprandial glucose excursion was in the range seen in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Treatment to target of FPG < 5.3 mmol/l with insulin glargine was not associated with significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Strict control of FPG with insulin glargine was effective to control postprandial glucose excursion, but had no significant effect on sd and MAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hanefeld
- GWT-TUD GmbH, Center for Clinical Studies, Dresden, Germany.
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Hanefeld M, Ott P, Benke I, Stelzer J, Koehler C. Risikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen und Mortalität in einer bevölkerungsbasierten prospektiven Studie von Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes: Die Diabetes In Germany (DIG) Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rudnick ND, Koehler C, Picciotto MR, Siegel SJ. Role of beta2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in auditory event-related potentials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:745-51. [PMID: 18931833 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine improves sensory processing in schizophrenic individuals, as measured by changes in auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). Nicotine administration also alters ERPs in mice by increasing the amplitude and gating of the P20 ERP component while decreasing the amplitude of the N40 ERP component. Less is known about the role of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined whether nAChRs containing the beta2 subunit contribute to nicotine's effects on auditory ERPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the effect of nicotine in wild-type mice and mice lacking the beta2 nAChR subunit. Mice underwent stereotaxic implantation of stainless steel electrodes located in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and 50 paired click stimuli were delivered during each drug condition. RESULTS There was no significant difference in P20 or N40 amplitude or gating between genotypes during the control condition, suggesting that beta2-containing receptors are not essential for the baseline auditory ERP response. Nicotine increased P20 amplitude and enhanced gating in wild-type and beta2 knockout mice, but only decreased N40 amplitude in wild-type mice. There was no effect of nicotine on N40 gating in either genotype. CONCLUSIONS beta2-containing receptors are necessary for nicotine's effects on the N40 component of the mouse auditory ERP. These results suggest that beta2-containing nAChRs modulate sensory processing and may serve as a therapeutic target in schizophrenic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam D Rudnick
- Stanley Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19312, USA
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Pistrosch F, Schaper F, Passauer J, Koehler C, Bornstein SR, Hanefeld M. Effects of the alpha glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on endothelial function after a mixed meal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2009; 41:104-8. [PMID: 19061152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been suggested as a possible causal link between postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent trials demonstrated a reduction of cardiovascular events by treatment with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose - a drug which mainly reduces postprandial glucose excursions. We were interested to know whether patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes showed postprandial ED and if so whether acarbose was able to improve this condition. Forearm blood flow (FBF) measurements for assessment of ED were performed in the fasting and postprandial state in 20 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy control subjects. After baseline examination, patients were randomly assigned to a 20-week treatment of acarbose 100 mg t.i.d or matching placebo, thereafter FBF measurements were repeated. FBF of patients in the fasting state was significantly impaired compared to healthy control subjects (max. FBF 5.3+/-0.7 vs. 8.0+/-0.9 ml/100 ml, p<0.02) and did not change in the postprandial state (max. FBF 5.6+/-0.7 ml/100 ml). In contrast, healthy controls showed a significant improvement of FBF in the postprandial state (11.5+/-1.2 ml/100 ml), which is compatible with postprandial ED in the group of patients. Twenty weeks of acarbose treatment did not affect either fasting or postprandial FBF in patients. Early type 2 diabetes is a state of both fasting and postprandial ED, which is not sensitive to acarbose treatment. Protective cardiovascular effects of acarbose might involve other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pistrosch
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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